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Mamun MAA, Li J, Cui A, Chowdhury R, Hossain ML. Climate-adaptive strategies for enhancing agricultural resilience in southeastern coastal Bangladesh: Insights from farmers and stakeholders. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305609. [PMID: 38905289 PMCID: PMC11192385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change impacts crop production worldwide, and coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects. Given the projected rise in temperature and shifting precipitation patterns, it is crucial to examine the current challenges faced by farmers in coastal Bangladesh. Using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), we assessed the perceptions and experiences of farmers and stakeholders regarding the existing agricultural practices, the challenges they face in crop cultivation, and the adoption of climate-adaptive practices in 2 sub-districts in the southeastern coastal region of Bangladesh. Moreover, using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Standardized Terrestrial Water Storage Index (STI), we assessed the frequency and intensity of different climatic conditions in these two sub-districts. Results show that 100% of the respondents reported an increase in dry climatic conditions, the occurrence of untimely precipitation, and a decline in irrigation water during the cropping season. All the respondents in the FGDs expressed a loss of crop production because of these climate-induced disturbances. Despite these challenges, farmers have been implementing several climate-adaptive practices. Among the 9 mentioned climate-adaptive practices, 50% of FGD respondents utilize organic fertilizers, 42% cultivate heat- and drought-resilient crop varieties, use improved irrigation and harvest rainwater, and 25% cultivate integrated crops. The results of quantitative analysis of 3- and 6-month SPEI and STI values show that this region experienced frequent and intense dry climatic conditions during the growing-season, which supports the farmers' and stakeholders' concern about the increasing occurrence of droughts during crop growing periods. The results suggest that despite adopting climate-resilient practices under increasing growing-season droughts, farmers require support from the government and NGOs in capacity-building training and input support (e.g., stress-resilient seeds). This study holds practical implications for government, NGOs, and policymakers for ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity in the coastal region of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aihong Cui
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raihana Chowdhury
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Lokman Hossain
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Environment Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Song J, Ma S, Huang Y, Lu K, Zhang J, Li Q. Mechanism of additional carrier with seasonal temperature changes enhanced ecological floating beds for non-point source pollution water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117778. [PMID: 38036207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The continuous performance and denitrification characteristics of carriers were investigated in two modified enhanced ecological floating beds (EFBs), one with only ceramsite and the other with ceramsite and extra additional stereo-elastic packing. Over a period of more than 414 days, the extra carrier was found to improve nitrogen removal while enhancing the system's resistance to seasonal temperature variations. The denitrification of all carriers in EFBs was inhibited in practice by seasonal temperature change, especially temperature rose from below 20 °C to above 20 °C and the inhibition rate of nitrous nitrogen (NO2--N) reduction was consistently above 91%, which was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N). However, the denitrification process including the rate and the resistance to temperature changes of ceramsite in the same EFBs with stereo-elastic packing at different temperatures, was consistently improved. The removal rate of NO3--N and NO2--N increased by up to 23.5% and 19.5%, respectively. The potential denitrification rates of all carriers increased with time which was also evidenced by in PICRUSt results, which showed that the abundances of predicted functional genes encoding NO3--N and NO2--N reductase increased over time. The dominant denitrifier also differed over time due to seasonal temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Shuanglong Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kaige Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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Hossain ML, Li J, Lai Y, Beierkuhnlein C. Long-term evidence of differential resistance and resilience of grassland ecosystems to extreme climate events. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:734. [PMID: 37231126 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are affected by the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events (e.g., droughts). Understanding how grassland ecosystems maintain their functioning, resistance, and resilience under climatic perturbations is a topic of current concern. Resistance is the capacity of an ecosystem to withstand change against extreme climate, while resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to return to its original state after a perturbation. Using the growing season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVIgs, an index of vegetation growth) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (a drought index), we evaluated the response, resistance, and resilience of vegetation to climatic conditions for alpine grassland, grass-dominated steppe, hay meadow, arid steppe, and semi-arid steppe in northern China for the period 1982-2012. The results show that NDVIgs varied significantly across these grasslands, with the highest (lowest) NDVIgs values in alpine grassland (semi-arid steppe). We found increasing trends of greenness in alpine grassland, grass-dominated steppe, and hay meadow, while there were no detectable changes of NDVIgs in arid and semi-arid steppes. NDVIgs decreased with increasing dryness from extreme wet to extreme dry. Alpine and steppe grasslands exhibited higher resistance to and lower resilience after extreme wet, while lower resistance to and higher resilience after extreme dry conditions. No significant differences in resistance and resilience of hay meadow under climatic conditions suggest the stability of this grassland under climatic perturbations. This study concludes that highly resistant grasslands under conditions of water surplus are low resilient, but low resistant ecosystems under conditions of water shortage are highly resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lokman Hossain
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Environment Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yangchen Lai
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- BayCEER, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- GIB, Geographical Institute Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Yang W, Yang J, Fan Y, Guo Q, Jiang N, Babalola OO, Han X, Zhang X. The two sides of resistance-resilience relationship in both aboveground and belowground communities in the Eurasian steppe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37129435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing nitrogen (N) deposition has led to profound changes in aboveground and belowground ecosystems. However, the stability of plant and soil microbial community toward N addition in terms of resistance and resilience is less understood. We established a long-running field trial (2008-2018) in a series of N applications in combination with a mowing and fencing (unmown) treatment in a semiarid steppe. We assessed the resistance via ongoing N treatment of one subplot and the resilience via discontinuing N treatment in another to promote natural recovery since 2014. Plant resistance was negatively correlated with N application rate, while microbial resistance was independent of N rate. Mowing significantly reduced plant resistance and resilience, reduced soil microbial resistance but improved its resilience. Generally, plants are more resilient but less resistant to N than soil microbes. The two sides of resistance-resilience relationship were revealed: trade-offs exist between resistance and resilience for both plants and microbes at the community level; and trade-offs between resistance and resilience cannot be scaled down to species/group level. This study provided an important theoretical basis for the recovery and conservation of semiarid steppe and new insight into resistance-resilience relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Quankuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nana Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Das AC, Shahriar SA, Chowdhury MA, Hossain ML, Mahmud S, Tusar MK, Ahmed R, Salam MA. Assessment of remote sensing-based indices for drought monitoring in the north-western region of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13016. [PMID: 36755601 PMCID: PMC9900510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a widespread hazard that can tremendously affect the biodiversity, habitat of wild species, and ecosystem functioning and stability, especially in the dry region. Due to its geographic location, the north-western region of Bangladesh has a comparatively arid climate which is very much susceptible to drought occurrence and is marked as a red zone. Despite the growing evidence of the impact of drought on food security and ecosystem functioning, little effort has been paid to mitigate the drought in this region. The present study aimed to assess the drought condition of the north-western region of Bangladesh using earth observation techniques. For this purpose, Landsat data from 1990 to 2020 was used to determine various vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Water Index (NDWI), Moisture Index (NDMI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), along with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Results show that the depletion of forests (2832 km2) and water bodies (6773 km2) resulted from the expansion of settlement (6563 km2) and agricultural land (1802 km2) for the period 1990-2020. Examination of the temporal changes of vegetation indices and LST showed that the values of all indices decreased while the LST increased. The negative correlation between NDVI value and LST indicates that the vegetation in our study was subject to drought-induced shocks. This study reveals the current situation of the vegetation health in the north-western region of Bangladesh in relation to the drought conditions. The findings of this study have practical implications for the policymakers in implementing necessary measures for agriculture, forests, water development, and economic zone planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim C. Das
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab A. Shahriar
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Md A. Chowdhury
- Department of Climate and Disaster Management, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Lokman Hossain
- Department of Environment Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh,Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shahed Mahmud
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamruzzaman Tusar
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Romel Ahmed
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
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