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Li P, Hou S, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Deng X, Song H, Qin G, Zheng Y, Liu W, Ji S. Three-birds-with-one-stone: An eco-friendly and renewable humic acid-derived material application strategy for macrolide antibiotic detection and multifunctional composite film preparation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135100. [PMID: 38972200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This research proposes a simple and novel strategy for the green detection of antibiotics along with the reduction of microplastic and humic acid (HA) hazards. The entire process is based on a single-step solvent-sieving method to separate HA into insoluble (IHA) and soluble (SHA) components, subsequently recombining and designing the application according to the original characteristics of selected fractions in accordance with the zero-waste principle. IHA was applied as a dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) sorbent without chemical modification for the enrichment of trace MACs in complex biological matrices. The recovery of MACs was 74.06-100.84 % in the range of 2.5-1000 μg∙kg-1. Furthermore, SHA could be combined with biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare multifunctional composite films. SHA endows the PVA film with favorable mechanical properties, excellent UV shielding as well as oxidation resistance performance. Compared with pure PVA, the tensile strength, toughness, antioxidant and UV-protection properties were increased to 157.3 Mpa, 258.6 MJ·m-3, 78.6 % and 60 % respectively. This study achieved a green and economically valuable utilization of all components of waste HA, introduced a novel approach for monitoring and controlling harmful substances and reducing white pollution. This has significant implications for promoting sustainable development and recovering valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaidi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiqian Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huilin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guowen Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Nanjing Caremo Biomedical Co., Ltd. Building C6, No. 9, Weidi Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shunli Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ndagijimana P, Rong H, Duan L, Li S, Nkinahamira F, Hakizimana JC, Kumar A, Aborisade MA, Ndokoye P, Cui B, Guo D, Naidu R. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel cross-linked biochar/ferric chloride hybrid material for integrated coagulation and adsorption of turbidity and humic acid from synthetic wastewater: Implications for sludge valorisation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119134. [PMID: 38751002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The deep removal of organic pollutants is challenging for coagulation technology in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants to satisfy the rising water standards. Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) is a popular inorganic coagulant; although it has good performance in removing the turbidity (TB) in water at an alkaline medium, it cannot remove dissolved pollutants and natural organic matter such as humic acid water solution. Additionally, its hygroscopic nature complicates determining the optimal dosage for effective coagulation. Biochar (BC), a popular adsorbent with abundant functional groups, porous structure, and relatively high surface area, can adsorb adsorbates from water matrices. Therefore, combining BC with FeCl3 presents a potential solution to address the challenges associated with iron chloride. Consequently, this study focused on preparing and characterizing a novel biochar/ferric chloride-based coagulant (BC-FeCl3) for efficient removal of turbidity (TB) and natural organic matter, specifically humic acid (HA), from synthetic wastewater. The potential solution for the disposal of produced sludge was achieved by its recovering and recycling, then used in adsorption of HA from aqueous solution. The novel coagulant presented high TB and HA removal within 10 min of settling period at pH solution of 7.5. Furthermore, the recovered sludge presented a good performance in the adsorption of HA from aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies revealed that the Pseudo-second-order model best described kinetic adsorption, while the Freundlich model dominated the adsorption isotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shitian Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | | | - Akash Kumar
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Pancras Ndokoye
- University of Technology and Arts of Byumba (UTAB), Faculty of Agriculture, Environmental Management and Renewable Energy, Department of Environmental Management and Renewable Energy, Post.Box:25, Byumba, Gicumbi District Northern province, Rwanda
| | - Baihui Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dabin Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Hu M, Wu W, Zhou C, Zhu H, Hu L, Jiang L, Lin D, Yang K. Simultaneous adsorption of fulvic acid and organic contaminants by KOH activated mesoporous biochar with large surface area. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27055. [PMID: 38509967 PMCID: PMC10951520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Returning carbon materials from biomass to soil is a potential technology to retard organic contaminants or dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil by adsorption, as well as to store carbon in soil for carbon sequestration. However, DOM was widely reported to inhibit adsorption of organic contaminants on carbon materials by competition and by enhancing contaminants' solubility. In this study, a KOH activated carbon material (KAC), pyrolyzed from bamboo chips, with high surface area (3108 m2/g), micropores volumes (0.964 cm3/g), mesopores volumes (1.284 cm3/g), was observed that it can adsorb fulvic acid (FA) and organic contaminants (e.g., nitrobenzene, phenols, and anilines) simultaneously with weak competition and high adsorption capacity. With 50 mg TOC/L FA, for example, the average competition suppressing rate (ΔKf/Kf-m) of organic contaminants on KAC was lower than 5%, the adsorption for organic contaminants and FA were higher than 1100 mg/g and 90 mg TOC/g, respectively. The weak competition on KAC could be attributed to the low micropore blockage (<35%) and the weak adsorption sites competition on mesopores of KAC, as well as the minimal solubility enhancement of organic contaminants by FA because most FA is adsorbed on KAC but is not dissolved in the solution. In addition, adsorption of organic contaminants with high hydrogen-bonding donor ability (αm) and adsorption affinity was less suppressed by FA because of the heterogeneous nature of hydrophilic sites on KAC's surface. Therefore, KAC could be a potential carbon material to be produced to implement to soil for carbon storage and simultaneous retarding organic contaminants and DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenkai Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Laigang Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Li K, Zhang Z. Study on the removal of fulvic acid in water by potassium ferrate-enhanced iron-manganese co-oxide film and its mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:51. [PMID: 38227065 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The previous studies have shown that iron-manganese co-oxide film (MeOx) could simultaneously remove ammonium, manganese ion and bisphenol A. In this study, the removal of fulvic acid (FA) was explored by adding potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) to heighten the catalytic activity of MeOx. After adding about 3.0 mg/L potassium ferrate, the elimination efficiency of 7.0 mg/L FA by the MeOx increased from 20 to 50%. The effects of temperature and ammonium on the elimination of FA were investigated. Higher temperature (above 22 °C) and higher ammonium concentration (above 2.0 mg/L) caused a decrease in FA removal. Most of FA combined with the ferric hydroxide colloid produced by K2FeO4 in water to form macromolecular groups, and they were subsequently absorbed and covered on the surface of MeOx. Scanning electron microscope showed that more viscous flocs appeared on the surface of MeOx, and the film thickness became thicker. Electron energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis revealed a notable increased in the C-O element ratio and a significant decreased in the Mn-Fe element ratio on the surface of MeOx. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the content of transition metal carbonyl compounds increased in the surface of MeOx. XPS analysis confirmed that the presence of Fe3O4, FeO, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 along with functional group substances of FA attached on the surface of MeOx. The removal mechanism of FA was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhang
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710600, China
| | - Yingming Guo
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710600, China.
| | - Kai Li
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710600, China
| | - Zhekai Zhang
- School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710600, China
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Wang Z, Yang K, Lin D. Adsorption and desorption of polychlorinated biphenyls on biochar colloids with different pyrolysis temperatures: the effect of solution chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27586-x. [PMID: 37184788 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar releases colloidal particles into the environment during applications and aging which can become carriers of pollutants and influence on the environmental risk of pollutants due to the excellent adsorption and migration properties of biochar colloids (BCCs). The adsorption and desorption behaviors of BCCs can be different from their bulk ones due to the colloidal size, which merits specific studies. Herein, the adsorption and desorption of 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28) as a representative on BCCs released from bulk biochars prepared from bamboo chips at 300, 500, and 700 C and the effects of solution properties were specifically investigated. Results show that the adsorption was dominated by pore filling and π-π interaction, and thus, BCCs prepared at higher temperature with greater pore volume and aromaticity had higher adsorption of PCB28. Results show that the adsorption was dominated by pore filling and π-π interaction, and thus, BCCs prepared at higher temperature with greater pore volume and aromaticity had higher adsorption of PCB28. The saturation adsorption amounts of PCB28 on BCC300, BCC500, and BCC700 were 21.9, 40.3, and 62.4 mg/g, respectively. It is noteworthy that PCB28 possessed a significant desorption hysteresis from BCCs, with the hysteresis index (Ce = 80 μg/L) increased from 0.380 to 0.661 as the preparation temperature of BCCs rising from 300 to 700 ℃. High concentration of NaCl (100 mmol/L) was unfavorable for the adsorption and desorption. The presence of humic acid or fulvic acid (FA), especially the smaller FA, could inhibit the adsorption and desorption of PCB28 on BCCs due to micropore blocking. In seawater, groundwater, surface water, and soil solution samples, the PCB28 adsorption of BCCs was inhibited to varying degrees in comparison with that in deionized water, and the desorption was noticeably inhibited in the groundwater sample. These findings provide valuable information for the understanding of interactions between BCCs and organic contaminants in natural waters and for the environmental application of biochars as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Yang R, Sun Z, Liu X, Long X, Gao L, Shen Y. Biomass composite with exogenous organic acid addition supports the growth of sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ' Dochna') by reducing salinity and increasing nutrient levels in coastal saline-alkaline soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163195. [PMID: 37056508 PMCID: PMC10086266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In coastal saline lands, organic matter is scarce and saline stress is high. Exploring the promotion effect of intervention with organic acid from biological materials on soil improvement and thus forage output and determining the related mechanism are beneficial to the potential cultivation and resourceful, high-value utilization of coastal mudflats as back-up arable land. METHOD Three exogenous organic acids [humic acid (H), fulvic acid (F), and citric acid (C)] were combined with four kinds of biomass materials [cottonseed hull (CH), cow manure (CM), grass charcoal (GC), and pine needle (PN)] and applied to about 0.3% of medium-salt mudflat soil. The salinity and nutrient dynamics of the soil and the growth and physiological differences of sweet sorghum at the seedling, elongation, and heading stages were observed under different treatments to screen for efficient combinations and analyze the intrinsic causes and influencing mechanisms. RESULTS The soil salinity, nutrient dynamics, and forage grass biological yield during sweet sorghum cultivation in saline soils differed significantly (p < 0.05) depending on the type of organic acid-biomass composite applied. Citric acid-pine needle composite substantially reduced the soil salinity and increased the soil nutrient content at the seedling stage and improved the root vigor and photosynthesis of sweet sorghum by increasing its stress tolerance, allowing plant morphological restructuring for a high biological yield. The improvement effect of fulvic acid-pine needle or fulvic acid-cow manure composite was manifested at the elongation and heading stages. DISCUSSION Citric acid-pine needle composite promoted the growth of saline sweet sorghum seedlings, and the effect of fulvic acid-pine needle composite lasted until the middle and late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguo Sun
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinbao Liu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Ecological Research Center, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Huang X, Geng M, Wang K, He Y, Li G, Feng C, Shi B. Suppression of performance of activated carbon filter due to residual aluminum accumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130637. [PMID: 37056009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extending the lifetime of granular activated carbon (GAC) filters with no significant loss in their effectiveness is a considerable challenge for drinking water supply utilities. However, the effects of residual Al from coagulants on GAC performance are rarely considered. Herein, in-service GAC samples obtained from full-scale water treatment plants were investigated to evaluate the amount of accumulated Al. Although the Al concentration in water was two to three times lower than the Ca concentration, Al exhibited considerable accumulation (second to Ca accumulation) in in-service GAC samples (0.68-8.63 mg g-1). Surface characterization results indicated that Al accumulation could have been caused by the co-precipitation of Al with Ca and Si to form Ca4Al2Si3O10·H2O and Ca4Al6O12SO4, self-precipitation or complexion with -OH/-COOH on the GAC or biofilm surfaces. Correlation analysis of the accumulated Al and GAC properties implied that Al accumulation considerably reduced the surface area of GAC by ∼30%. Lab simulation experiments indicated that the removal of dissolved organic matter was reduced by 6-10% when additional Al was loaded. In addition, results showed that the residual Al (up to 200 μg L-1) considerably affected the extracellular polymeric substance component and microorganism community structure. In summary, strict control of residual Al is beneficial for maintaining the efficacies of GAC and biologically activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mengze Geng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kaiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yitian He
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenghong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Xia P, Zhang W, Jin Q, Si J, Guo F, Li Z, Bai Y. Influence of fulvic acid sub-fractions on aggregation kinetics of graphene oxide in aqueous environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160318. [PMID: 36414062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) can affect the dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) in aquatic environments, however, the possible mechanisms remain unclear. Dynamic light scattering techniques combined with a multiple regression model were applied to explore the influence of FA sub-fractions (FApH3 - FApH13) on the aggregation kinetics of GO in aqueous environments. The ratios of critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values were CCCNa: CCCMg: CCCLa: CCCCe = 1:2-5.15:3-7.31:3-7.35, which were consistent with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory and Schulze-Hardy rules. The GO remained stable at pH 3-10 and aggregated at pH < 3 or pH > 10, and its critical coagulation pH values were 1.44 and 12.25 with 10 mM NaCl as background. The CCC values of GO in the presence of FApH3 - FApH13 were greater than those in the absence of FA sub-fractions. The ratios of CCC values of GO (r) increased in the presence of FA sub-fractions in the order of FApH13 > FApH9 > FApH7 > FApH5 > FApH3 and ranged from 1.01 to 2.15 for certain metal ions including Na+, Mg2+, La3+, and Ce3+. The CCC values of GO were significantly related to C, H, O, N, S, H/C, O/C, carboxylic C, and carbonyl C of FA sub-fractions (P < 0.05), respectively, and could be predicted using the multiple linear regression eq. CCC = Z-n (98.959- 60.911 ∗ O/C + 4.799 ∗ O-alkyl C - 0.845 ∗ aromatic C - 6.237 ∗ carbonyl C). The predicted CCC values for GO were within 90 % prediction intervals, and the average error of the CCC values was 3.3 % and R2 = 0.986. This investigation is expected to provide a scientific basis for the transport and ecotoxicity of GO in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources & Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingyi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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