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Zhang L, Song Z, He L, Zhong S, Ju X, Sha H, Xu J, Qin Q, Peng J, Liang H. Unveiling the toxicological effects and risks of prometryn on red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Health assessments, ecological, and molecular insights. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175512. [PMID: 39151629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Prometryn is commonly used in agricultural and non-agricultural settings. However, possible harm to aquatic organisms remains a persistent concern. Prometryn was also the only one of the 26 triazine herbicides detected in this study. Numerous studies have assessed the harmful effects of prometryn in teleost fish and shrimp. There is a lack of information regarding the ecological and human health risks, as well as the toxic mechanisms affecting crayfish. In this study, human health risk assessment (THQ) and ecological risk assessment (RQ) were conducted on P. clarkii in the rice-crayfish co-culture (IRCC) farming model. The 96 h of exposure to 0.286 mg/L and 1.43 mg/L prometryn was conducted to investigate the potential effects and molecular mechanisms of hepatopancreatic resistance to prometryn in P. clarkii. The original sample analysis revealed that the THQ calculated from the prometryn levels in the muscle and hepatopancreas was below 0.1, suggesting no threat to human health. However, the calculated RQ values were >0.1, indicating a risk to P. clarkii. Histological analysis and biochemical index detection of the experimental samples revealed that the hepatopancreatic injury and oxidative damage in P. clarkii were caused by prometryn. Moreover, transcriptome analysis identified 2512 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 96 h of prometryn exposure. Prometryn exposure caused significant changes in metabolic pathways, including oxoacid metabolic processes and cytochrome P450-associated drug metabolism. Further hub gene analysis via PPI indicated that exposure to prometryn may inhibit lipid synthesis, storage, and amino acid transport and affect glucose metabolic pathways and hormone synthesis. Additionally, we hypothesized that prometryn-triggered cell death could be linked to the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade. This study's findings have significant meaning for the efficient and logical application of herbicides in IRCC, ultimately aiding in advancing a highly productive agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ziwei Song
- Department of Genetics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Genetics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ju
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Sha
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Pharmacy, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiuying Qin
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Pharmacy, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Jiang M, Wang X, Hu W, Wang Z, Guan H, Zhao N, Liao M, Cao H. A novel mutation Trp-2027-Gly in acetyl-CoA carboxylase confers resistance to cyhalofop-butyl in Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39105535 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees] control is threatened by resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides. In this study, a L. chinensis population, HFLJ18, that survived cyhalofop-butyl [aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicide, CyB] treatment was collected from a rice field in Lujiang County, Anhui Province, China. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of HFLJ18 to herbicides with different modes-of-action and investigate the potential mechanisms of resistance to CyB. RESULTS The HFLJ18 population exhibited high levels of resistance to CyB (10.92-fold) and showed resistance to the ACCase inhibitors metamifop (4.63-fold) and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (8.39-fold), but was susceptible to clethodim, pinoxaden, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, oxadiazon and pretilachlor. Target gene sequencing revealed a novel Trp-to-Gly substitution at codon position 2027 of ACCase in the resistant plants. Molecular docking revealed that the spatial structure of ACCase changed significantly following the substitution, as indicated by reduced H-bonds. A newly derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker was subsequently developed to detect the Trp-2027-Gly mutation in the ACCase of L. chinensis. Additionally, pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) did not reverse resistance to CyB, suggesting that nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were not involved in CyB resistance in the HFLJ18 population. CONCLUSION Overall, the resistance to CyB in the HFLJ18 population derived from the mutation of ACCase gene, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the ACCase Trp-2027-Gly mutation conferring resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in grass species. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xumiao Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huaiji Guan
- Anhui Shanghe Voda Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Huainan, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Fadogba OA, Ogunlakin AD, Ajayi AM, Sonibare MA. Antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of Bombax buonopozense P. Beauv. leaves. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:673-684. [PMID: 38367936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Bombax buonopozense (Bombacaceae) leaves have been used traditionally for arthritis in south-western Nigeria. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of B. buonopozense in Complete Freund adjuvant-induce arthritic wistar rats. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The plant leaves methanol extract and fractions were screened for preliminary phytochemicals and brine shrimp lethality was determined. Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as anti-oxidant activity of the extract and fractions were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Cyclophosphamide, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid were used as standards respectively. Anti-arthritic activity of crude methanol extract (BBME) at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg was evaluated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model in rats. Data were analysed using Graph pad prism version 5, two-way and one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. The brine shrimp lethality assay of the crude extract and fractions gave LC50 value≥1000μg/mL, compared to Cyclophosphamide (LC50=224.7±0.35μg/mL). The BBME had TPC value of 19.8±0.56mg GAE/g, while the TFC of ethyl acetate fraction was the highest (173.5±0.05mg QE/g). The ethyl acetate fraction has the highest antioxidant activity (IC50=20.96±0.23μg/mL) as compared to ascorbic acid (2.8±0.01) and rutin (20.6±9.26μg/mL). BBME significantly reduced the paw circumference. BBME (400mg/kg) prevented biochemical changes to a greater extent than Celecoxib (20mg/kg). Bombax buonopozense leaves could be an effective antiarthritic and holds prospect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin
- Bowen University SDG 03 (Good Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster), Iwo, Nigeria; Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, 232101 Iwo, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mubo Adeola Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Lu YP, Liu JH, Zhang XX, Xu C, Zheng PH, Li JT, Li JJ, Wang DM, Xian JA, Zhang ZL. Integration of transcriptome, gut microbiota, and physiology reveals toxic responses of the red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to imidacloprid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134293. [PMID: 38615646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Imidacloprid enters the water environment through rainfall and causes harm to aquatic crustaceans. However, the potential chronic toxicity mechanism of imidacloprid in crayfish has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) were exposed to 11.76, 35.27, or 88.17 μg/L imidacloprid for 30 days, and changes in the physiology and biochemistry, gut microbiota, and transcriptome of C. quadricarinatus and the interaction between imidacloprid, gut microbiota, and genes were studied. Imidacloprid induced oxidative stress and decreased growth performance in crayfish. Imidacloprid exposure caused hepatopancreas damage and decreased serum immune enzyme activity. Hepatopancreatic and plasma acetylcholine decreased significantly in the 88.17 μg/L group. Imidacloprid reduced the diversity of the intestinal flora, increased the abundance of harmful flora, and disrupted the microbiota function. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the number of up-and-down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased significantly with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid. DEG enrichment analyses indicated that imidacloprid inhibits neurotransmitter transduction and immune responses and disrupts energy metabolic processes. Crayfish could alleviate imidacloprid stress by regulating antioxidant and detoxification-related genes. A high correlation was revealed between GST, HSPA1s, and HSP90 and the composition of gut microorganisms in crayfish under imidacloprid stress. This study highlights the negative effects and provides detailed sequencing data from transcriptome and gut microbiota to enhance our understanding of the molecular toxicity of imidacloprid in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Peng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jia-Han Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Pei-Hua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Mao T, Gan J, Yuan K, He L, Yu Y, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wu G. Effects of Aminomethylphosphonic Acid on the Transcriptome and Metabolome of Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:943. [PMID: 38256017 PMCID: PMC10816000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii), is an important model crustacean organism used in many types of research. However, the effects of different doses of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMAP) on the transcriptome and metabolites of P. clarkii have not been explored. Thus, this study investigated the molecular and metabolic mechanisms activated at the different exposure dosages of AMAP in P. clarkii to provide new insights into the strategies of P. clarkii in response to the high concentrations of AMAP in the environment. In the present study, the P. clarkii were divided into three groups (control group; low-dosage AMAP exposure; high-dosage AMAP exposure), and hepatopancreatic tissue samples were dependently taken from the three groups. The response mechanisms at the different dosages of AMAP were investigated based on the transcriptome and metabolome data of P. clarkii. Differentially expressed genes and differentially abundant metabolites were identified in the distinct AMAP dosage exposure groups. The genes related to ribosome cell components were significantly up-regulated, suggesting that ribosomes play an essential role in responding to AMAP stress. The metabolite taurine, involved in the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway, was significantly down-regulated. P. clarkii may provide feedback to counteract different dosages of AMAP via the upregulation of ribosome-related genes and multiple metabolic pathways. These key genes and metabolites play an important role in the response to AMAP stress to better prepare for survival in high AMAP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.M.); (Z.L.)
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.G.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.G.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Keping Yuan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.G.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.G.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.G.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ziduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.G.); (K.Y.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Gaobing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.M.); (Z.L.)
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Wan R, Zhang C, Tang Y, Zhu J, Yang N, Su S. Effects of Different Sources of Culture Substrate on the Growth and Immune Performance of the Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14098. [PMID: 37762400 PMCID: PMC10531625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The substrate in the aquatic environment plays a crucial role in nutrient deposition and recovery for the growth of aquatic organisms. In order to optimize the culture medium of Procambarus Clarkii, culture media from different sources were selected in this study to explore their effects on the growth and immune performance of red swamp crayfish. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR), body length growth rate (BLGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in group I2 were the highest, followed by group I1 and group I3. The WGR and SGR of crayfish in the I1 and I2 groups were significantly higher than those in the I3 group (p < 0.05). The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were the highest in group I2, followed by group I3, and the lowest in group I1. The expression trends in growth-related genes, nuclear hormone receptor (E75), molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and chitinase genes were similar, and the expression levels in the I2 group were higher than those in the I1 and I3 groups. It was noted that the expression levels of E75 and MIH genes in the I2 group were significantly higher than those in the I3 group (p < 0.05). α diversity analysis of 16S rRNA data showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the abundance of intestinal flora among the three culture substrate groups. The β diversity in the Xitangni group, crayfish Tangni group and Shuitangni group was significantly different. These changes in microbiota suggest that using different substrates to culture crayfish leads to differences in gut microbiota diversity. To sum up, the growth in crayfish and immune performance influenced by the culture substrate condition and aquatic breeding sediment substrates, rather than crab pool and paddy field pond sediment substrates, showed a better effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China; (R.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Lab of Natural Food and Fish Culture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214128, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China; (R.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Lab of Natural Food and Fish Culture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214128, China
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China; (R.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Lab of Natural Food and Fish Culture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214128, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China; (R.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Lab of Natural Food and Fish Culture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214128, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China; (R.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Lab of Natural Food and Fish Culture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214128, China
| | - Shengyan Su
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214128, China; (R.W.); (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Lab of Natural Food and Fish Culture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214128, China
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