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Wang YW, Liu HY, Duan ZW, Ning P, Zhang HM, Qian F, Wang P. Carrier-free immobilized enzymatic reactor based on CipA-fused carbonyl reductase for efficient synthesis of chiral alcohol with cofactor self-sufficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133873. [PMID: 39013505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, based on the self-assembly strategy, we fused CipA with carbonyl reductase LXCARS154Y derived from Leifsonia xyli by gene coding, and successfully performed the carrier-free immobilization of LXCARS154Y. The immobilized enzyme was then characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Compared with the free enzyme, the immobilized LXCARS154Y exhibited a 2.3-fold improvement in the catalytic efficiency kcat/km for the synthesis of a chiral pharmaceutical intermediate (R)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ethanol ((R)-BTPE) by reducing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone (BTAP). Moreover, the immobilized enzyme showed the enhanced stability while maintaining over 61 % relative activity after 18 cycles of batch reaction. Further, when CipA-fused carbonyl reductase was employed for (R)-BTPE production in a continuous flow reaction, almost complete yield (97.0 %) was achieved within 7 h at 2 M (512.3 g/L) of BTAP concentration, with a space-time yield of 1717.1 g·L-1·d-1. Notably, we observed the retention of cofactor NADH by CipA-based enzyme aggregates, resulting in a higher total turnover number (TTN) of 4815 to facilitate this bioreductive process. This research developed a concise strategy for efficient preparation of chiral intermediate with cofactor self-sufficiency via continuous flow biocatalysis, and the relevant mechanism was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Han-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Pan Ning
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hai-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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2
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Purwani NN, Rozeboom HJ, Willers VP, Wijma HJ, Fraaije MW. Discovery of a new class of bacterial heme-containing CC cleaving oxygenases. N Biotechnol 2024; 83:82-90. [PMID: 39053683 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Previously, some bacteria were shown to harbour enzymes capable of catalysing the oxidative cleavage of the double bond of t-anethole and related compounds. The cofactor dependence of these enzymes remained enigmatic due to a lack of biochemical information. We report on catalytic and structural details of a representative of this group of oxidative enzymes: t-anethole oxygenase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (TAOSm). The bacterial enzyme could be recombinantly expressed and purified, enabling a detailed biochemical study that has settled the dispute on its cofactor dependence. We have established that TAOSm contains a tightly bound b-type heme and merely depends on dioxygen for catalysis. It was found to accept t-anethole, isoeugenol and O-methyl isoeugenol as substrates, all being converted into the corresponding aromatic aldehydes without the need of any cofactor regeneration. The elucidated crystal structure of TAOSm has revealed that it contains a unique active site architecture that is conserved for this distinct class of heme-containing bacterial oxygenases. Similar to other hemoproteins, TAOSm has a histidine (His121) as proximal ligand. Yet, unique for TAOs, an arginine (Arg89) is located at the distal axial position. Site directed mutagenesis confirmed crucial roles for these heme-liganding residues and other residues that form the substrate binding pocket. In conclusion, the results reported here reveal a new class of bacterial heme-containing oxygenases that can be used for the cleavage of alkene double bonds, analogous to ozonolysis in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Nyoman Purwani
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands; Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Kampus B Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60286, Indonesia
| | - Henriette J Rozeboom
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian P Willers
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Hein J Wijma
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands.
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3
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Naim M, Mohammat MF, Mohd Ariff PNA, Uzir MH. Biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of chiral alcohols for the development of pharmaceutical intermediates and other industrial applications: A review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110483. [PMID: 39033578 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged as a strong tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In the early twentieth century, whole cell biocatalysis was used to develop the first industrial biocatalytic processes, and the precise work of enzymes was unknown. Biocatalysis has evolved over the years into an essential tool for modern, cost-effective, and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing. Meanwhile, advances in directed evolution enable the rapid production of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and high selectivity. Large-scale synthetic pathways incorporating biocatalytic critical steps towards >130 APIs of authorized pharmaceuticals and drug prospects are compared in terms of steps, reaction conditions, and scale with the corresponding chemical procedures. This review is designed on the functional group developed during the reaction forming alcohol functional groups. Some important biocatalyst sources, techniques, and challenges are described. A few APIs and their utilization in pharmaceutical drugs are explained here in this review. Biocatalysis has provided shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative pathways toward existing small molecule APIs. Furthermore, non-pharmaceutical applications of biocatalysts are also mentioned and discussed. Finally, this review includes the future outlook and challenges of biocatalysis. In conclusion, Further research and development of promising enzymes are required before they can be used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Naim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Centre for Chemical Synthesis & Polymer Technology, Institute of Science (IoS), Kompleks Inspirasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450, Malaysia.
| | - Putri Nur Arina Mohd Ariff
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Mohamad Hekarl Uzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia.
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4
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Kocaman EM, Şenol O, Yıldırım S, Atamanalp M, Özcan S, Bolat İ, Ucar A, Kiliçlioğlu M, Parlak V, Takkac M, Alak G. Analyzing the impact of synthetic and natural steroids: a study of cytochrome P450 metabolism, morphological alterations through metabolomics, and histopathological Examination. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:628-638. [PMID: 38379298 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2322006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the comparative metabolic profiling and effects of two steroid types: natural and synthetic, specifically 17α-methyl testosterone (17α-MT) at varying concentrations (1.5, 2, and 3 mg/kg) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Over a 75-day feeding trial, growth metrics, such as feed efficiency, daily specific growth, live weight gain, total weight gain, and survival rate were systematically monitored every 15 days. At the end of the feeding trial, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and metabolome analyses were performed in the high-concentration groups (3 mg/kg natural and 3 mg/kg synthetic), in which the lowest survival rate was determined. Key findings reveal that the type of hormone significantly influences growth parameters. While some natural steroids enhanced certain growth aspects, synthetic variants often yielded better results. The metabolomic analysis highlighted significant shifts in the metabolism of tryptophan, purine, folate, primary bile acids, phosphonates, phosphinates, and xenobiotics via cytochrome P450 pathways. Histopathologically, the natural hormone groups showed similar testicular, hepatic, muscular, gill, cerebral, renal, and intestinal tissue structures to the control, with minor DNA damage and apoptosis observed through immunohistochemistry. Conversely, the synthetic hormone groups exhibited moderate DNA damage and mild degenerative and necrotic changes in histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esat Mahmut Kocaman
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sinan Özcan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Metin Kiliçlioğlu
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Takkac
- Department of English Language Education, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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5
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Zhou W, Ding W, Wu X, Sun J, Bai W. Microbial synthesis of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins: current bottlenecks and potential solutions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38935054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are secondary metabolites found in plants. Due to their impressive biological activities, ACNs have gained significant popularity and extensive application within the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. A derivative of ACNs: pyranoanthocyanins (PACNs) possesses more stable properties and interesting biological activities. However, conventional methods for the production of ACNs, including chemical synthesis and plant extraction, involve organic solvents. Microbial synthesis of ACNs from renewable biomass, such as amino acids or flavonoids, is considered a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of ACNs. Recently, the construction of microbial cell factories (MCFs) for the efficient biosynthesis of ACNs and PACNs has attracted much attention. In this review, we summarize the cases of microbial synthesis of ACNs, and analyze the bottlenecks in reconstructing the metabolic pathways for synthesizing PACNs in microorganisms. Consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms behind the development of MCFs for PACNs synthesis. Such research also holds significant promise for advancing the production of food pigments. Meanwhile, we propose potential solutions to the bottleneck problem based on metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering. Finally, the development prospects of natural food and biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiu Ding
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyuan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
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6
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Hooe SL, Green CM, Susumu K, Stewart MH, Breger JC, Medintz IL. Optimizing the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to lactate by enzymatic channeling with mixed nanoparticle display. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100764. [PMID: 38714198 PMCID: PMC11133815 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Co-assembling enzymes with nanoparticles (NPs) into nanoclusters allows them to access channeling, a highly efficient form of multienzyme catalysis. Using pyruvate kinase (PykA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to convert phosphoenolpyruvic acid to lactic acid with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) confirms how enzyme cluster formation dictates the rate of coupled catalytic flux (kflux) across a series of differentially sized/shaped QDs and 2D nanoplatelets (NPLs). Enzyme kinetics and coupled flux were used to demonstrate that by mixing different NP systems into clusters, a >10× improvement in kflux is observed relative to free enzymes, which is also ≥2× greater than enhancement on individual NPs. Cluster formation was characterized with gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. The generalizability of this mixed-NP approach to improving flux is confirmed by application to a seven-enzyme system. This represents a powerful approach for accessing channeling with almost any choice of enzymes constituting a multienzyme cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Hooe
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Christopher M Green
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Michael H Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Joyce C Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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7
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Ghosh S, Baltussen MG, Ivanov NM, Haije R, Jakštaitė M, Zhou T, Huck WTS. Exploring Emergent Properties in Enzymatic Reaction Networks: Design and Control of Dynamic Functional Systems. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2553-2582. [PMID: 38476077 PMCID: PMC10941194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The intricate and complex features of enzymatic reaction networks (ERNs) play a key role in the emergence and sustenance of life. Constructing such networks in vitro enables stepwise build up in complexity and introduces the opportunity to control enzymatic activity using physicochemical stimuli. Rational design and modulation of network motifs enable the engineering of artificial systems with emergent functionalities. Such functional systems are useful for a variety of reasons such as creating new-to-nature dynamic materials, producing value-added chemicals, constructing metabolic modules for synthetic cells, and even enabling molecular computation. In this review, we offer insights into the chemical characteristics of ERNs while also delving into their potential applications and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu G. Baltussen
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita M. Ivanov
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Haije
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhou
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Kumar H, Leimkühler S. Changing the Electron Acceptor Specificity of Rhodobacter capsulatus Formate Dehydrogenase from NAD + to NADP . Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16067. [PMID: 38003259 PMCID: PMC10671435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. These enzymes play an important role in CO2 reduction and serve as nicotinamide cofactor recycling enzymes. More recently, the CO2-reducing activity of formate dehydrogenases, especially metal-containing formate dehydrogenases, has been further explored for efficient atmospheric CO2 capture. Here, we investigate the nicotinamide binding site of formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus for its specificity toward NAD+ vs. NADP+ reduction. Starting from the NAD+-specific wild-type RcFDH, key residues were exchanged to enable NADP+ binding on the basis of the NAD+-bound cryo-EM structure (PDB-ID: 6TG9). It has been observed that the lysine at position 157 (Lys157) in the β-subunit of the enzyme is essential for the binding of NAD+. RcFDH variants that had Glu259 exchanged for either a positively charged or uncharged amino acid had additional activity with NADP+. The FdsBL279R and FdsBK276A variants also showed activity with NADP+. Kinetic parameters for all the variants were determined and tested for activity in CO2 reduction. The variants were able to reduce CO2 using NADPH as an electron donor in a coupled assay with phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH), which regenerates NADPH. This makes the enzyme suitable for applications where it can be coupled with other enzymes that use NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
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9
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Ma W, Geng Q, Chen C, Zheng YC, Yu HL, Xu JH. Engineering a Formate Dehydrogenase for NADPH Regeneration. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300390. [PMID: 37455264 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) constitute major hydrogen donors for oxidative/reductive bio-transformations. NAD(P)H regeneration systems coupled with formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) represent a dreamful method. However, most of the native FDHs are NAD+ -dependent and suffer from insufficient reactivity compared to other enzymatic tools, such as glucose dehydrogenase. An efficient and competitive NADP+ -utilizing FDH necessitates the availability and robustness of NADPH regeneration systems. Herein, we report the engineering of a new FDH from Candida dubliniensis (CdFDH), which showed no strict NAD+ preference by a structure-guided rational/semi-rational design. A combinatorial mutant CdFDH-M4 (D197Q/Y198R/Q199N/A372S/K371T/▵Q375/K167R/H16L/K159R) exhibited 75-fold intensification of catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km ). Moreover, CdFDH-M4 has been successfully employed in diverse asymmetric oxidative/reductive processes with cofactor total turnover numbers (TTNs) ranging from 135 to 986, making it potentially useful for NADPH-required biocatalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
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10
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Villa R, Nieto S, Donaire A, Lozano P. Direct Biocatalytic Processes for CO 2 Capture as a Green Tool to Produce Value-Added Chemicals. Molecules 2023; 28:5520. [PMID: 37513391 PMCID: PMC10383722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct biocatalytic processes for CO2 capture and transformation in value-added chemicals may be considered a useful tool for reducing the concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Among the other enzymes, carbonic anhydrase (CA) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) are two key biocatalysts suitable for this challenge, facilitating the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in complementary ways. Carbonic anhydrases accelerate CO2 uptake by promoting its solubility in water in the form of hydrogen carbonate as the first step in converting the gas into a species widely used in carbon capture storage and its utilization processes (CCSU), particularly in carbonation and mineralization methods. On the other hand, formate dehydrogenases represent the biocatalytic machinery evolved by certain organisms to convert CO2 into enriched, reduced, and easily transportable hydrogen species, such as formic acid, via enzymatic cascade systems that obtain energy from chemical species, electrochemical sources, or light. Formic acid is the basis for fixing C1-carbon species to other, more reduced molecules. In this review, the state-of-the-art of both methods of CO2 uptake is assessed, highlighting the biotechnological approaches that have been developed using both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Villa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Donaire
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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11
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Dong H, Yang X, Shi J, Xiao C, Zhang Y. Exploring the Feasibility of Cell-Free Synthesis as a Platform for Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production: Opportunities and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102333. [PMID: 37242908 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive utilization of traditional petroleum-based plastics has resulted in significant damage to the natural environment and ecological systems, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have emerged as promising bioplastics that can compete with petroleum-based plastics. However, their production technology currently faces several challenges, primarily focused on high costs. Cell-free biotechnologies have shown significant potential for PHA production; however, despite recent progress, several challenges still need to be overcome. In this review, we focus on the status of cell-free PHA synthesis and compare it with microbial cell-based PHA synthesis in terms of advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we present prospects for the development of cell-free PHA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Dong
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chunqiao Xiao
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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