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Xie XJ, Zhang T, Yang J, Wang WF, Zhao ZQ, Barceló D, Zheng HB. Study on the biodegradation characteristics and mechanism of tetracycline by Serratia entomophila TC-1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174414. [PMID: 38960187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Microbial degradation is an important solution for antibiotic pollution in livestock and poultry farming wastes. This study reports the isolation and identification of the novel bacterial strain Serratia entomophila TC-1, which can degrade 87.8 % of 200 mg/L tetracycline (TC) at 35 °C, pH 6.0, and an inoculation amount of 1 % (v/v). Based on the intermediate products, a possible biological transformation pathway was proposed, including dehydration, oxidation ring opening, decarbonylation, and deamination. Using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as biological indicators, TC degraded metabolites have shown low toxicity. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the TC-1 strain contained tet (d) and tet (34), which resist TC through multiple mechanisms. In addition, upon TC exposure, TC-1 participated in catalytic and energy supply activities by regulating gene expression, thereby playing a role in TC detoxification. We found that TC-1 showed less interference with changes in the bacterial community in swine wastewater. Thus, TC-1 provided new insights into the mechanisms responsible for TC biodegradation and can be used for TC pollution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wen-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhuo-Qun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Ctra Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Hua-Bao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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2
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Song Q, Kong F, Liu BF, Song X, Ren HY. Biochar-based composites for removing chlorinated organic pollutants: Applications, mechanisms, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100420. [PMID: 38765891 PMCID: PMC11099330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic pollutants constitute a significant category of persistent organic pollutants due to their widespread presence in the environment, which is primarily attributed to the expansion of agricultural and industrial activities. These pollutants are characterized by their persistence, potent toxicity, and capability for long-range dispersion, emphasizing the importance of their eradication to mitigate environmental pollution. While conventional methods for removing chlorinated organic pollutants encompass advanced oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and bioremediation, the utilization of biochar has emerged as a prominent green and efficacious method in recent years. Here we review biochar's role in remediating typical chlorinated organics, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), triclosan (TCS), trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and chlorobenzenes (CBs). We focus on the impact of biochar material properties on the adsorption mechanisms of chlorinated organics. This review highlights the use of biochar as a sustainable and eco-friendly method for removing chlorinated organic pollutants, especially when combined with biological or chemical strategies. Biochar facilitates electron transfer efficiency between microorganisms, promoting the growth of dechlorinating bacteria and mitigating the toxicity of chlorinated organics through adsorption. Furthermore, biochar can activate processes such as advanced oxidation or nano zero-valent iron, generating free radicals to decompose chlorinated organic compounds. We observe a broader application of biochar and bioprocesses for treating chlorinated organic pollutants in soil, reducing environmental impacts. Conversely, for water-based pollutants, integrating biochar with chemical methods proved more effective, leading to superior purification results. This review contributes to the theoretical and practical application of biochar for removing environmental chlorinated organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xueting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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3
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Vadakkan K, Sathishkumar K, Raphael R, Mapranathukaran VO, Mathew J, Jose B. Review on biochar as a sustainable green resource for the rehabilitation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173679. [PMID: 38844221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum pollution is one of the primary threats to the environment and public health. Therefore, it is essential to create new strategies and enhance current ones. The process of biological reclamation, which utilizes a biological agent to eliminate harmful substances from polluted soil, has drawn much interest. Biochars are inexpensive, environmentally beneficial carbon compounds extensively employed to remove petroleum hydrocarbons from the environment. Biochar has demonstrated an excellent capability to remediate soil pollutants because of its abundant supply of the required raw materials, sustainability, affordability, high efficacy, substantial specific surface area, and desired physical-chemical surface characteristics. This paper reviews biochar's methods, effectiveness, and possible toxic effects on the natural environment, amended biochar, and their integration with other remediating materials towards sustainable remediation of petroleum-polluted soil environments. Efforts are being undertaken to enhance the effectiveness of biochar in the hydrocarbon-based rehabilitation approach by altering its characteristics. Additionally, the adsorption, biodegradability, chemical breakdown, and regenerative facets of biochar amendment and combined usage culminated in augmenting the remedial effectiveness. Lastly, several shortcomings of the prevailing methods and prospective directions were provided to overcome the constraints in tailored biochar studies for long-term performance stability and ecological sustainability towards restoring petroleum hydrocarbon adultered soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Rini Raphael
- Department of Zoology, Carmel College (Autonomous), Mala, Kerala 680732, India
| | | | - Jennees Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Morning Star Home Science College, Angamaly, Kerala 683589, India
| | - Beena Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur 680009, Kerala, India
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Pathak HK, Seth CS, Chauhan PK, Dubey G, Singh G, Jain D, Upadhyay SK, Dwivedi P, Khoo KS. Recent advancement of nano-biochar for the remediation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants: Mechanism, adsorption kinetic model, plant growth and development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119136. [PMID: 38740295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Even though researches have shown that biochar can improve soil-health and plant-growth even in harsh environments and get rid of harmful heavy metals and new contaminants, it is still not sustainable, affordable, or effective enough. Therefore, scientists are required to develop nanomaterials in order to preserve numerous aquatic and terrestrial species. The carbonaceous chemical known as nano-biochar (N-BC) can be used to get rid of metal contamination and emerging contaminants. However, techniques to reduce hetero-aggregation and agglomeration of nano-biochar are needed that lead to the emergence of emerging nano-biochar (EN-BC) in order to maximise its capacity for adsorption of nano-biochar. To address concerns in regards to the expanding human population and sustain a healthy community, it is imperative to address the problems associated with toxic heavy metals, emerging contaminants, and other abiotic stressors that are threatening agricultural development. Nano-biochar can provide an effective solution for removal of emerging contaminants, toxic heavy metals, and non-degradable substance. This review provides the detailed functional mechanistic and kinetics of nano-biochar, its effectiveness in promoting plant growth, and soil health under abiotic stress. Nonetheless, this review paper has comprehensively illustrated various adsorption study models that will be employed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu K Pathak
- Department of Environmental Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Dubey
- Department of Environmental Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Devendra Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Zhao F, Tang L, Song W, Jiang H, Liu Y, Chen H. Predicting and refining acid modifications of biochar based on machine learning and bibliometric analysis: Specific surface area, average pore size, and total pore volume. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174584. [PMID: 38977098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Acid-modified biochar is a modified biochar material with convenient preparation, high specific surface area, and rich pore structure. It has great potential for application in the heavy metal remediation, soil amendments, and carrying catalysts. Specific surface area (SSA), average pore size (APS), and total pore volume (TPV) are the key properties that determine its adsorption capacity, reactivity, and water holding capacity, and an intensive study of these properties is essential to optimize the performance of biochar. But the complex interactions among the preparation conditions obstruct finding the optimal modification strategy. This study collected dataset through bibliometric analysis and used four typical machine learning models to predict the SSA, APS, and TPV of acid-modified biochar. The results showed that the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) was optimal for the test results (SSA R2 = 0.92, APS R2 = 0.87, TPV R2 = 0.96). The model interpretation revealed that the modification conditions were the major factors affecting SSA and TPV, and the pyrolysis conditions were the major factors affecting APS. Based on the XGB model, the modification conditions of biochar were optimized, which revealed the ideal preparation conditions for producing the optimal biochar (SSA = 727.02 m2/g, APS = 5.34 nm, TPV = 0.68 cm3/g). Moreover, the biochar produced under specific conditions verified the generalization ability of the XGB model (R2 = 0.99, RMSE = 12.355). This study provides guidance for optimizing the preparation strategy of acid-modified biochar and promotes its potentiality for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Wenjing Song
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hanfeng Jiang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
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Curiel-Alegre S, de la Fuente-Vivas D, Khan AHA, García-Tojal J, Velasco-Arroyo B, Rumbo C, Soja G, Rad C, Barros R. Unveiling the capacity of bioaugmentation application, in comparison with biochar and rhamnolipid for TPHs degradation in aged hydrocarbons polluted soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118880. [PMID: 38582421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Persistent, aged hydrocarbons in soil hinder remediation, posing a significant environmental threat. While bioremediation offers an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach, its efficacy for complex contaminants relies on enhancing pollutant bioavailability. This study explores the potential of immobilized bacterial consortia combined with biochar and rhamnolipids to accelerate bioremediation of aged total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil. Previous research indicates that biochar and biosurfactants can increase bioremediation rates, while mixed consortia offer sequential degradation and higher hydrocarbon mineralization. The present investigation aimed to assess whether combining these strategies could further enhance degradation in aged, complex soil matrices. The bioaugmentation (BA) with bacterial consortium increased the TPHs degradation in aged soil (over 20% compared to natural attenuation - NA). However, co-application of BA with biochar and rhamnolipid higher did not show a statistically prominent synergistic effect. While biochar application facilitated the maintenance of hydrocarbon degrading bacterial consortium in soil, the present study did not identify a direct influence in TPHs degradation. The biochar application in contaminated soil contributed to TPHs adsorption. Rhamnolipid alone slightly increased the TPHs biodegradation with NA, while the combined bioaugmentation treatment with rhamnolipid and biochar increased the degradation between 27.5 and 29.8%. These findings encourage further exploration of combining bioaugmentation with amendment, like biochar and rhamnolipid, for remediating diverse environmental matrices contaminated with complex and aged hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Curiel-Alegre
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Dalia de la Fuente-Vivas
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Javier García-Tojal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Institute for Chemical and Energy Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos Rad
- Research Group in Composting (UBUCOMP), University of Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), University of Burgos, Centro de I+D+I. Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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7
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Nie W, Che Q, Chen D, Cao H, Deng Y. Comparative Study for Propranolol Adsorption on the Biochars from Different Agricultural Solid Wastes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2793. [PMID: 38930162 PMCID: PMC11204899 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Currently, large amounts of agricultural solid wastes have caused serious environmental problems. Agricultural solid waste is made into biochar by pyrolysis, which is an effective means of its disposal. As the prepared biochar has a good adsorption capacity, it is often used to treat pollutants in water, such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. PRO is an emerging contaminant in the environment today. However, there are limited studies on the interaction between biochars with PRO. Thus, in this study, we investigate the adsorption of PRO onto the biochars derived from three different feedstocks. The order of adsorption capacity was corn stalk biochar (CS, 10.97 mg/g) > apple wood biochar (AW, 10.09 mg/g) > rice husk biochar (RH, 8.78 mg/g). When 2 < pH < 9, the adsorption capacity of all the biochars increased as the pH increased, while the adsorption decreased when pH > 9, 10 and 10.33 for AW, CS and RH, respectively. The adsorption of PRO on biochars was reduced with increasing Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations from 0 to 200 mg·L-1. The effects of pH and coexisting ions illustrated that there exist electrostatic interaction and cation exchange in the process. In addition, when HA concentration was less than 20 mg/L, it promoted the adsorption of PRO on the biochars; however, when the concentration was more than 20 mg/L, its promoting effect was weakened and gradually changed into an inhibitory effect. The adsorption isotherm data of PRO by biochars were best fitted with the Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorption process is heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption kinetics were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. All the results can provide new information into the adsorption behavior of PRO and the biochars in the aquatic environment and a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of biochar from agricultural solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Nie
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.N.); (Q.C.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Qianqian Che
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.N.); (Q.C.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Danni Chen
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.N.); (Q.C.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongyu Cao
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.N.); (Q.C.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Yuehua Deng
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.N.); (Q.C.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an 710054, China
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Soares MB, Pedrinho A, Ferreira JR, Mendes LW, Colzato M, Alleoni LRF. Redox conditions and biochar pyrolysis temperature affecting As and Pb biogeochemical cycles and bacterial community of sediment from mining tailings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134303. [PMID: 38669921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of biochar for soil and sediment remediation, little is known about the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the biogeochemistry of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) and microorganisms in sediment under reducing conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of pyrolysis temperature and the addition of glucose on the release and transformation of As and Pb, as well as their potential effects on the bacterial community in contaminated sediments. The addition of biochar altered the geochemical cycle of As, as it favors specific bacterial groups capable of changing species from As(V) to As(III) through fermentation, sulfate respiration and nitrate reduction. The carbon quality and content of N and S in solution shaped the pH and redox potential in a way that changed the microbial community, favoring Firmicutes and reducing Proteobacteria. This change played a fundamental role in the reductive dissolution of As and Pb minerals. The addition of biochar was the only efficient way to remove Pb, possibly as a function of its sorption and precipitation mechanisms. Such insights could contribute to the production or choice of high-efficiency biochar for the remediation of sediments subjected to redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bortolanza Soares
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Pedrinho
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Ferreira
- Environmental Science, São Paulo's Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA/SAA), 13412050, Piracicaba, Brazil; Analytical Chemistry Department, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), 13416000, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), 13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Colzato
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Liu S, Pan Y, Jin X, Zhao S, Xu X, Chen Y, Shen Z, Chen C. A novel Biochar-PGPB strategy for simultaneous soil remediation and safe vegetable production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124254. [PMID: 38815893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
There is currently increasing pressure on agriculture to simultaneously remediate soil and ensure safe agricultural production. In this study, we investigate the potential of a novel combination of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as a promising approach. Two types of biochar, corn stover and rice husk-derived, were used in combination with a PGPB strain, Bacillus sp. PGP5, to remediate Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil and enhance lettuce performance. The contaminated soil was pre-incubated with biochar prior to PGP5 inoculation. The combined application of biochar and PGPB reduced the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) -extractable Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil by 46.45%-55.96% and 42.08%-44.83%, respectively. Additionally, this combined application increased lettuce yield by 23.37%-65.39% and decreased Cd and Pb concentrations in the edible parts of the lettuce by 57.39%-68.04% and 13.57%-32.50%. The combined application showed a better promotion on lettuce growth by facilitating chlorophyll synthesis and reducing oxidative stress. These demonstrated a synergistic effect between biochar and PGPB. Furthermore, our study elucidated the specific role of the biochar-PGPB combination in soil microbial communities. Biochar application promoted the survival of PGP5 in the soil. The impact of biochar or PGPB on microbial communities was found to be most significant in the early stage, while the development of plants had a greater influence on rhizosphere microbial communities in later stage. Plants showed a tendency to recruit plant-associated microbes, such as Cyanobacteria, to facilitate growth processes. Notably, the combined application of biochar and PGPB expedited the assembly of microbial communities, enabling them more closely with the rhizosphere microbial communities in late stage of plant development and thus enhancing their effects on promoting plant growth. This study highlights the "accelerating" advantage of the biochar-PGPB combination in the assembly of rhizosphere microbiomes and offers a new strategy for simultaneous soil remediation and safe agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjie Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangjun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Ren Y, Wang G, Su Y, Li J, Zhang H, Han J. Response of antioxidant activity, active constituent and rhizosphere microorganisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza to combined application of microbial inoculant, microalgae and biochar under Cu stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171812. [PMID: 38508267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza, a widely used medicinal herb renowned for its properties in promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and alleviating pain, is currently facing quality degradation due to excessive heavy metal levels, posing a threat to medication safety. In order to investigate the effects of microbial inoculant, microalgae and biochar on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza under copper (Cu) stress, as well as its Cu absorption, antioxidant activity, active component contents and rhizosphere microbial community, a pot experiment was conducted. Salvia miltiorrhiza plants were cultivated in the soil containing 400 mg/kg of Cu for six months and treated with microbial inoculant, microalgae and biochar, either individually or in combination. Almost all soil amendment treatments led to an increase in root biomass. Notably, co-application of microbial inoculant and microalgae had the optimal effect with a 63.07 % increase compared to the group treated solely with Cu. Moreover, when microbial inoculant was applied alone or in combination with microalgae, the Cu content in plant roots was reduced by 19.29 % and 25.37 %, respectively, whereas other treatments failed to show a decreasing trend. Intriguingly, Cu stress increased the active component contents in plant roots, and they could also be enhanced beyond non-stress levels when microbial inoculant and microalgae were applied together or in combination with biochar. Analyses of plant antioxidant activity, soil properties and rhizosphere microorganisms indicated that these amendments may alleviate Cu stress by enhancing peroxidase activity, facilitating plant nutrient absorption, and enriching beneficial microorganisms capable of promoting plant growth and mitigating heavy metal-induced damage. This study suggests that the combined application of microbial inoculant and microalgae can reduce Cu levels in Salvia miltiorrhiza while enhancing its quality under Cu stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Li J, Gao Y, Li C, Wang F, Chen H, Yang X, Jeyakumar P, Sarkar B, Luo Z, Bolan N, Li X, Meng J, Wang H. Pristine and Fe-functionalized biochar for the simultaneous immobilization of arsenic and antimony in a contaminated mining soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133937. [PMID: 38460259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of pristine biochar (BC) and Fe-functionalized biochar (FBC) in remediating As-Sb co-contaminated soil, and revealed the resulting impact on soil enzymatic activities and bacterial communities. Results from incubation experiments showed that the 1.5% FBC treatment reduced the bioavailable As and Sb concentration by 13.5% and 27.1%, respectively, in compared to the control, and reduced the proportion of specifically adsorbed and amorphous Fe-Mn oxide-bound metal(loid) fractions in the treated soil. Among the BC treatments, only the 1.5% BC treatment resulted in a reduction of bioavailable As by 11.7% and Sb by 21.4%. The 0.5% BC treatment showed no significant difference. The FBC achieved high As/Sb immobilization efficiency through Fe-induced electrostatic attraction, π-π electron donor-acceptor coordination, and complexation (Fe-O(H)-As/Sb) mechanisms. Additionally, the 1.5% FBC treatment led to a 108.2% and 367.4% increase in the activities of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and urease in soils, respectively, compared to the control. Furthermore, it significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria (15.2%), Actinobacteriota (37.0%), Chloroflexi (21.4%), and Gemmatimonadota (43.6%) at the phylum level. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that FBC was better than BC in increasing the complexity of bacterial communities. Partial least squares path modeling further indicated that the addition of biochar treatments can affect soil enzyme activities by altering soil bacterial composition. This study suggests that FBC application offers advantages in simultaneous As and Sb immobilization and restructuring the bacterial community composition in metal(loid)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yurong Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caibin Li
- Yancao Production Technology Center, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Fenglin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zhenbao Luo
- Yancao Production Technology Center, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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12
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Rhymes JM, Evans D, Laudone G, Schofield HK, Fry E, Fitzsimons MF. Biochar improves fertility in waste derived manufactured soils, but not resilience to climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171387. [PMID: 38432382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We present a soil manufactured from waste materials, which could replace the use of peat and topsoil in plant production and reduce the pressure on natural soil resources. We tested the effect of the manufactured soil on ecosystem functions and microbial communities with and without plants present, and with and without biochar addition (Experiment 1). The resilience of the soil in response to drought and flooding, and also the effect of biochar was also tested (Experiment 2). Biochar increased soil C and N regardless of plant presence and negated the effect of the plant on soil peroxidase enzyme activity. The manufactured soil was largely resilient to drought, but not flooding, with negative impacts on microbial communities. Results indicate that biochar could improve soil properties, but not resilience to climatic perturbations. Results suggest that manufactured soils amended with biochar could offer a useful alternative to natural soil in many contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rhymes
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Daniel Evans
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Giuliano Laudone
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - H Kate Schofield
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ellen Fry
- Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Mark F Fitzsimons
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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13
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Harindintwali JD, Wen X, He C, Zhao M, Wang J, Dou Q, Xiang L, Fu Y, Alessi DS, Jiang X, Jiang J, Wang F. Synergistic mitigation of atrazine-induced oxidative stress on soybeans in black soil using biochar and Paenarthrobacter sp. AT5. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120951. [PMID: 38669877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in modern agriculture, can lead to soil contamination and adverse effects on specific crops. To address this, we investigated the efficacy of biochar loaded with Paenarthrobacter sp. AT5 (an atrazine-degrading bacterial strain) in mitigating atrazine's impact on soybeans in black soil. Bacterially loaded biochar (BBC) significantly enhanced atrazine removal rates in both unplanted and planted soil systems. Moreover, BBC application improved soybean biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant systems while mitigating alterations in metabolite pathways induced by atrazine exposure. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of BBC in reducing atrazine-induced oxidative stress on soybeans in black soil, highlighting its potential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qingyuan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, WorringerWeg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Liu Y, Li J, Su J, Li X, Li X. Simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen, calcium and cadmium in a biofilm reactor based on microbial-induced calcium precipitation: Optimization of conditions, mechanism and community biological response. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120912. [PMID: 38636417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
With the enhancement of environmental governance regulations, the discharge requirements for reverse osmosis wastewater have become increasingly stringent. This study proposes an innovative approach utilizing heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HNAD)-based biomineralization technology, combined with coconut palm silk loaded biochar, to offer a novel solution for resource-efficient and eco-friendly treatment of reverse osmosis wastewater. Zobellella denitrificans sp. LX16 were loaded onto modified coir silk and showed removal efficiencies of up to 97.38, 94.58, 86.24, and 100% for NH4+-N (65 mg L-1), COD (900 mg L-1), Ca2+ (180 mg L-1), and Cd2+ (25 mg L-1). Analysis of the metabolites of microorganisms reveals that coconut palm silk loaded with deciduous biochar (BCPS) not only exerts a protective effect on microorganisms, but also enhances their growth, metabolism, and electron transfer capabilities. Characterization of precipitation phenomena elucidated the mechanism of Cd2+ removal via ion exchange, precipitation, and adsorption. Employing high-throughput and KEGG functional analyses has confirmed the biota environmental response strategies and the identification of key genes like HNAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Xue Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
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15
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Wongkiew S, Aksorn S, Amnuaychaichana S, Polprasert C, Noophan PL, Kanokkantapong V, Koottatep T, Surendra KC, Khanal SK. Bioponic systems with biochar: Insights into nutrient recovery, heavy metal reduction, and microbial interactions in digestate-based bioponics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:267-279. [PMID: 38422680 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioponics is a nutrient-recovery technology that transforms nutrient-rich organic waste into plant biomass/bioproducts. Integrating biochar with digestate from anaerobic wastewater treatment process can improve resource recovery while mitigating heavy metal contamination. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate the application of biochar in digestate-based bioponics, focusing on its efficacy in nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal, while also exploring the microbial community dynamics. In this study, biochar was applied at 50 % w/w with 500 g dry weight of digestate during two 28-day crop cycles (uncontrolled pH and pH 5.5) using white stem pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) as a model crop. The results showed that the digestate provided sufficient phosphorus and nitrogen, supporting plant growth. Biochar amendment improved plant yield and phosphate solubilization and reduced nitrogen loss, especially at the pH 5.5. Furthermore, biochar reduced the heavy metal accumulation in plants, while concentrating these metals in the residual sludge. However, owing to potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, it is still not recommended to directly consume plants cultivated in digestate-based bioponic systems. Additionally, biochar amendment exhibited pronounced impact on the microbial community, promoting microbes responsible for nutrient solubilization and cycling (e.g., Tetrasphaera, Herpetosiphon, Hyphomicrobium, and Pseudorhodoplanes) and heavy metal stabilization (e.g., Leptolinea, Fonticella, Romboutsia, and Desulfurispora) in both the residual sludge and plants. Overall, the addition of biochar enhanced the microbial community and facilitated the metal stabilization and the cycling of nutrients within both residual sludge and root systems, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the bioponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Wongkiew
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Satja Aksorn
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchana Amnuaychaichana
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chongrak Polprasert
- Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Lek Noophan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapot Kanokkantapong
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Waste Utilization and Ecological Risk Assessment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thammarat Koottatep
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - K C Surendra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong, Korea (Affiliate Faculty)
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16
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Munir R, Muneer A, Sadia B, Younas F, Zahid M, Yaseen M, Noreen S. Biochar imparted constructed wetlands (CWs) for enhanced biodegradation of organic and inorganic pollutants along with its limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:425. [PMID: 38573498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of polluted soil and water stands as a paramount task in safeguarding environmental sustainability and ensuring a dependable water source. Biochar, celebrated for its capacity to enhance soil quality, stimulate plant growth, and adsorb a wide spectrum of contaminants, including organic and inorganic pollutants, within constructed wetlands, emerges as a promising solution. This review article is dedicated to examining the effects of biochar amendments on the efficiency of wastewater purification within constructed wetlands. This comprehensive review entails an extensive investigation of biochar's feedstock selection, production processes, characterization methods, and its application within constructed wetlands. It also encompasses an exploration of the design criteria necessary for the integration of biochar into constructed wetland systems. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings pertains to the role of biochar-based wetlands in the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants. The principal objectives of this review are to provide novel and thorough perspectives on the conceptualization and implementation of biochar-based constructed wetlands for the treatment of organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, it seeks to identify potential directions for future research and application while addressing prevailing gaps in knowledge and limitations. Furthermore, the study delves into the potential limitations and risks associated with employing biochar in environmental remediation. Nevertheless, it is crucial to highlight that there is a significant paucity of data regarding the influence of biochar on the efficiency of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands, with particular regard to its impact on the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Sadia
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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17
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Cui X, Yuan J, Yang X, Wei C, Bi Y, Sun Q, Meng J, Han X. Biochar application alters soil metabolites and nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms in a soybean continuous cropping system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170522. [PMID: 38309356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Biochar application is a promising practice to enhance soil fertility. However, it is unclear how field-aged biochar affects the soil metabolites and microbial communities in soybean fields. Here, the rhizosphere soil performance after amending with biochar addition rates at 0 (CK), 20 (B20), 40 (B40), and 60 t ha-1 (B60) was examined via a five-year in-situ field experiment based on a soybean continuous cropping system. Untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics analysis techniques were applied to study the regulatory mechanism of biochar on soybean growth from metabolomics and N cycle microbiology perspectives. We found that the contents of soil total N (TN), available N (Ava N), NH4+-N, and NO3--N were significantly increased with biochar addition amounts by 20.0-65.7 %, 3.6-10.7 %, 29.5-57.1 %, and 24.4-46.7 %, respectively. The B20, B40, and B60 triggered 259 (236 were up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated), 236 (220 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated), and 299 (264 were up-regulated and 35 were down-regulated) differential metabolites, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis demonstrated that differential metabolites were highly enriched in seven metabolic pathways such as Oxidative phosphorylation and Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Moreover, ten differential metabolites were up-regulated in all three treatments with biochar. Biochar treatments decreased the Nitrospira abundance in soybean rhizosphere soil while increasing Bradyrhizobium abundance significantly in B60. Mantel test revealed that as the biochar addition rate grows, the correlation between Nitrospira and soil properties other than NO3--N became stronger. In conclusion, the co-application of biochar with fertilizers is a feasible and effective way to improve soil N supply, even though biochar has undergone field aging. This work offers new insights into the variations in soil metabolites and microbial communities associated with N metabolism processes under biochar addition in soybean continuous cropping soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Liaodong University, Dandong 118001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Chaoqun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinghui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaori Han
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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18
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Li J, Xie N, Feng C, Wang C, Huang R, Tao Q, Tang X, Wu Y, Luo Y, Li Q, Li B. Pore size and organic carbon of biochar limit the carbon sequestration potential of Bacillus cereus SR. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116229. [PMID: 38508101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-fixing functional strain-loaded biochar may have significant potential in carbon sequestration given the global warming situation. The carbon-fixing functional strain Bacillus cereus SR was loaded onto rice straw biochar pyrolyzed at different temperatures with the anticipation of clarifying the carbon sequestration performance of this strain on biochar and the interaction effects with biochar. During the culture period, the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in biochar changed. This finding indicated that B. cereus SR utilized organic carbon for survival and enhanced carbon sequestration on biochar to increase organic carbon, manifested by changes in CO2 emissions and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) enzyme activity. Linear regression analysis showed that the strain was likely to consume DOC on 300 °C biochar, although the Rubisco enzyme activity was higher. In contrast, the strain had a higher carbon sequestration potential on 500 °C biochar. Correlation analysis showed that Rubisco enzyme activity was controlled by the physical structure of the biochar. Our results highlight the differences in the survival mode and carbon sequestration potential of B. cereus SR on biochar pyrolyzed at different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ningyi Xie
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changchun Feng
- China National Tobacco Corporation Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youlin Luo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Xu W, Xie X, Li Q, Yang X, Ren J, Shi Y, Liu D, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J. Biochar co-pyrolyzed from peanut shells and maize straw improved soil biochemical properties, rice yield, and reduced cadmium mobilization and accumulation by rice: Biogeochemical investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133486. [PMID: 38244456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is an eco-friendly amendment for the remediation of soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd). However, little attention has been paid to the influence and underlying mechanisms of the co-pyrolyzed biochar on the bioavailability and uptake of Cd in paddy soils. The current study explored the effects of biochar co-pyrolyzed from peanut shells (P) and maize straw (M) at different mixing ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 0:1, 2:1 and 3:1, w/w), on the bacterial community and Cd fractionation in paddy soil, and its uptake by rice plant. Biochar addition, particularly P1M3 (P/M 1:3), significantly elevated soil pH and cation exchange capacity, transferred the mobile Cd to the residual fraction, and reduced Cd availability in the rhizosphere soil. P1M3 application decreased the concentration of Cd in different rice tissues (root, stem, leaf, and grain) by 30.0%- 49.4%, compared to the control. Also, P1M3 enhanced the microbial diversity indices and relative abundance of iron-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. Moreover, P1M3 was more effective in promoting the formation of iron plaque, increasing the Cd sequestration by iron plaque than other treatments. Consequently, the highest yield and lowest Cd accumulation in rice were observed following P1M3 application. This study revealed the feasibility of applying P1M3 for facilitating paddy soils contaminated with Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xiaocui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road 58, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiajia Ren
- Agriculture and Rural of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 323500, China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Agriculture and Rural of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 323500, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Kumawat KC, Sharma P, Sirari A, Sharma B, Kumawat G, Nair RM, H B, Kunal. Co-existence of halo-tolerant Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enterococcus hirae with multifunctional growth promoting traits to ameliorate salinity stress in Vigna radiata. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140953. [PMID: 38128739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization has become a prominent obstacle in diverse arid and semi-arid region damaging agricultural productivity globally. From this perspective, present investigation was aimed to compare the potential compatible consortium of bio-inoculants for improving Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) attributes, anti-oxidative enzymes, grain yield and profitability of Vigna radiata in saline soil conditions. A total of 101 rhizobacterium isolated from salt affected regions of Punjab, India were screened for their ability to induce salt tolerance, multifunctional PGP traits and antagonistic activities. The 16S rRNA sequencing identified the strains LSMR-29 and LSMRS-7 as Pseudomonas flourescens and Enterococcus hirae, respectively. In-vitro compatible halo-tolerant dual inoculant (LSMR-29 + LSMRS-7) as bio-inoculants mitigated salt stress in Vigna radiata (spring mungbean) seedling with improved seed germination, biomass and salt tolerance index together with the presence of nifH, acds, pqq and ipdc gene under salinity stress as compared to single inoculants. Further, the potential of single and dual bio-inoculants were also exploited for PGP attributes in pot and field experiments. Results indicated that a significant improvement in chlorophyll content (2.03 fold), nodulation (1.24 fold), nodule biomass (1.23 fold) and leghemoglobin content (1.13 fold) with dual inoculant of LSMR-29 + LSMRS-7 over the LSMR-29 alone. The concentrations of macro & micronutrients, proline, soil enzyme activities i.e. soil dehydrogenase, acid & alkaline phosphatases and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase also found to be high for LSMR-29 + LSMRS-7 as compared to un-inoculated control. The high grain yield thereby leading to Benefit: Cost (B: C) ratio at field scale was indicative of the commercial use bio-inoculants under salt affected Vigna radiata (spring mungbean) to improvement of productivity and soil health. The current finding reveals a co-inoculation of halo-tolerating Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enterococcus hirae containing ACC deaminase could prove to be novel approach for inducing salt tolerance and improving productivity of Vigna radiata (spring mungbean).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Chand Kumawat
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India; Department of Industrial Microbiology, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Asmita Sirari
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Barkha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263153, India
| | - Gayatri Kumawat
- Livestock Feed Resource Management and Technology Centre, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001, India
| | - R M Nair
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bindumadhava H
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kunal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram, 122505, Haryana, India
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21
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Wu Y, Yan Y, Wang Z, Tan Z, Zhou T. Biochar application for the remediation of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements: Current situation and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119775. [PMID: 38070425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, biochar has garnered extensive attention in the remediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) owing to its exceptional adsorption properties and straightforward operation. Most researchers have primarily concentrated on the effects, mechanisms, impact factors, and risks of biochar in remediation of PTEs. However, concerns about the long-term safety and impact of biochar have restricted its application. This review aims to establish a basis for the large-scale popularization of biochar for remediating PTEs-contaminated soil based on a review of interactive mechanisms between soil, PTEs and biochar, as well as the current situation of biochar for remediation in PTEs scenarios. Biochar can directly interact with PTEs or indirectly with soil components, influencing the bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of PTEs. The efficacy of biochar in remediation varies depending on biomass feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, type of PTEs, and application rate. Compared to pristine biochar, modified biochar offers feasible solutions for tailoring specialized biochar suited to specific PTEs-contaminated soil. Main challenges limiting the applications of biochar are overdose and potential risks. The used biochar is separated from the soil that not only actually removes PTEs, but also mitigates the negative long-term effects of biochar. A sustainable remediation technology is advocated that enables the recovery and regeneration (95.0-95.6%) of biochar from the soil and the removal of PTEs (the removal rate of Cd is more than 20%) from the soil. Finally, future research directions are suggested to augment the environmental safety of biochar and promote its wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhang Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongxin Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tuo Zhou
- China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Atinafu DG, Choi JY, Yun BY, Nam J, Kim HB, Kim S. Energy storage and key derives of octadecane thermal stability during phase change assembly with animal manure-derived biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117405. [PMID: 37838193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of eco-friendly and renewable energy infrastructure is highly desirable to advance the global energy landscape. Phase-change materials (PCMs) are used to mitigate intermittency issues and reversibly store high densities of thermal energy in the form of heat during the phase transition process and provide ample potential for the advancement of renewable energy infrastructure. However, the leakage and low thermal stability of pristine PCMs along with the complicated synthesis strategies and environmental issues of the supporting materials cause significant drawbacks, thereby requiring a sustainable confining agent. In this study, a green phase change composite was developed using biowaste-derived biochar and octadecane via a vacuum impregnation strategy. The structural, morphological, thermal, and shape stabilities, as well as the chemical compatibilities of both the composite components and the octadecane-biochar composite, were investigated. The supporting biochar provides sufficient physical and thermal support besides high encapsulating capacity due to high specific surface area (135.2 m2 g-1) and predominant mesoporous proportion (86%). The results displayed that the composite material revealed a high leakage-proof capability (above the melting point of pure octadecane) with a low leakage rate (<12.5%) for a long heating time, excellent thermal stability, and high latent heat retention (89.5%) after 1000 heating-cooling cycles. The fabricated composite attained satisfactory phase change enthalpy storage, which was 130% and 168.9% higher than that of rice-husk-paraffin and garlic peel-derived carbon-paraffin, respectively, indicating promising thermal management performance. This study opens avenues for the development of green composite materials and renewable energy storage and conversion, which will play a significant role in various sectors such as building energy-saving and heat recovery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimberu G Atinafu
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Choi
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Yeol Yun
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Nam
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Kim
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Zhao W, Hu T, Ma H, Li D, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Wei L. A review of microbial responses to biochar addition in anaerobic digestion system: Community, cellular and genetic level findings. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129929. [PMID: 37923231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The biochar is a well-developed porous material with various excellent properties, that has been proven with excellent ability in anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency promotion. Current research is usually focused on the macro effects of biochar on AD, while the systematic review about the mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior are still lacking. This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microorganisms in AD systems, and found that biochar addition can provide habitats for microbial colonization, alleviate toxins stress, supply essential nutrients, and accelerate interspecies electron transferring. Moreover, it also improves microbial community diversity, facilitates EPS secretion, enhances functional enzyme activity, promotes functional genes expression, and inhibits the antibiotic resistance genes transformation. Future research directions including biochar targeted design, in-depth microbial mechanisms revelation, and modified model development were suggested, which could promote the widely practical application of of biochar-amended AD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tianyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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24
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Song Z, Liao R, Su X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Sun F. Development of a novel three-dimensional biofilm-electrode system (3D-BES) loaded with Fe-modified biochars for enhanced pollutants removal in landfill leachate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166980. [PMID: 37699484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Different mass ratio iron (Fe)-loaded biochars (FeBCs) were prepared from food waste and used in the three-dimensional biofilm-electrode systems (3D-BES) as particular electrodes for landfill leachate treatment. Compared to the unmodified biochar (BC), specific surface area of Fe-loaded biochars (FeBC-3 with a Fe: biochar of 0.2:1) increased from 63.01 m2/g to 184.14 m2/g, and pore capacity increased from 0.038 cm3/g to 0.111 cm3/g. FeBCs provided more oxygen-containing functional groups and exhibited excellent redox properties. Installed with FeBC-3 as particular electrode, both NH4+-N and chemical oxygen demand COD removals in 3D-BESs were well fitted with the pseudo-first-order model, with the maximum removal efficiencies of 98.6 % and 95.5 %, respectively. The batch adsorption kinetics experiments confirmed that the maximum NH4+-N (7.5 mg/g) and COD (21.8 mg/g) adsorption capacities were associated closely with the FeBC-3 biochar. In contrast to the 3D-BES with the unmodified biochar, Fe-loaded biochars significantly increased the abundance of microorganisms being capable of removing organics and ammonia. Meanwhile, the increased content of dehydrogenase (DHA) and electron transport system activity (ETSA) evidenced that FeBCs could enhance microbial internal activities and regulate electron transfer process among functional microorganisms. Consequently, it is concluded that Fe-loaded biochar to 3D-BES is effective in enhancing pollutant removals in landfill leachate and provided a reliable and effective strategy for refractory wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Runfeng Liao
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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25
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Azuazu IN, Sam K, Campo P, Coulon F. Challenges and opportunities for low-carbon remediation in the Niger Delta: Towards sustainable environmental management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165739. [PMID: 37499826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing demand for low-carbon remediation strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development in the management of environmental contamination. This trend is within the broader context of sustainable remediation strategies that balance environmental, economic, and social aspects. This article critically reviewed existing literature to evaluate and compare various low-carbon remediation methods, such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, in situ chemical oxidation, soil vapour extraction, and electrokinetic remediation, to identify suitable techniques for the remediation of oil-contaminated sites in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. We analysed the UK sustainable remediation frameworks (SuRF-UK) to glean lessons for the Nigerian context. Our findings indicate that bioremediation and phytoremediation are particularly promising low-carbon remediation technologies for the Niger Delta region due to their cost-effectiveness and adaptability to local conditions. We proposed a framework that deeply considers opportunities for achieving multiple goals including effective remediation and limited greenhouse gas emissions while returning net social and economic benefit to local communities. The proposed framework will help decision makers to implement effective remediation technologies that meet sustainability indices, integrates emissions considerations return net environmental benefit to local communities. There is a need for policymakers to establish and enforce policies and regulations that support sustainable remediation practises, build the capacity of stakeholders, invest in research and development, and promote collaboration among stakeholders to create a regulatory environment that supports sustainable remediation practises and promotes environmental sustainability in the region. This study provides insights for achieving low-carbon remediation in regions addressing land contamination by different contaminants and facilitates the adoption of remediation technologies that consider contextual socio-economic and environmental indices for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabari Sam
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Pablo Campo
- School of Water Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, MK430AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, MK430AL, UK.
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Saravanan A, Swaminaathan P, Kumar PS, Yaashikaa PR, Kamalesh R, Rangasamy G. A comprehensive review on immobilized microbes - biochar and their environmental remediation: Mechanism, challenges and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116723. [PMID: 37487925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The environment worldwide has been contaminated by toxic pollutants and chemicals through anthropogenic activities, industrial growth, and urbanization. Microbial remediation is seen to be superior compared to conventional remediation due to its low cost, selectivity towards particular metal ions, and high efficiency. One key strategy in enhancing microbial remediation is employing an immobilization technique with biochar as a carrier. This review provides a comprehensive summary of sources and toxic health effects of hazardous water pollutants on human health and the environment. Biochar enhances the growth and proliferation of contaminant-degrading microbes. The combined activity of biochar and microbes in eliminating the contaminants has gained the researcher's interest. Biochar demonstrates its biocompatibility by fostering microbial populations, the release of enzymes, and protecting the microbes from the acute toxicity of surrounding contaminants. The current review complies with the immobilization technique and remediation mechanisms of microbes in pollutant removal. This review also emphasizes the combined utilization, environmental adaptability, and the potential of the combined effect of immobilized microbes and biochar in the remediation of contaminants. Challenges and future outlooks are urged to commercialize the immobilized microbes-biochar interaction mechanism for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Pavithra Swaminaathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R Kamalesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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27
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Fan Y, Lv G, Chen Y, Chang Y, Li Z. Differential effects of cow dung and its biochar on Populus euphratica soil phosphorus effectiveness, bacterial community diversity and functional genes for phosphorus conversion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242469. [PMID: 37780507 PMCID: PMC10538999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Continuous monoculture leading to soil nutrient depletion may cause a decline in plantation productivity. Cow dung is typically used as a cheap renewable resource to improve soil nutrient status. In this study, our purpose was to compare the effects of different cow dung return methods (direct return and carbonization return) on soil microbial communities and phosphorus availability in the root zone (rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil) of P.euphratica seedlings in forest gardens and to explore possible chemical and microbial mechanisms. Methods Field experiments were conducted. Two-year-old P.euphratica seedlings were planted in the soil together with 7.5 t hm-2 of cow dung and biochar made from the same amount of cow dung. Results Our findings indicated that the available phosphorus content in soil subjected to biochar treatment was considerably greater than that directly treated with cow dung, leading to an increase in the phosphorus level of both aboveground and underground components of P.euphratica seedlings. The content of Olsen-P in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil increased by 134% and 110%, respectively.This was primarily a result of the direct and indirect impact of biochar on soil characteristics. Biochar increased the biodiversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil bacteria compared with the direct return of cow dung. The Shannon diversity index of carbonized cow manure returning to field is 1.11 times and 1.10 times of that of direct cow manure returning to field and control, and the Chao1 diversity index is 1.20 times and 1.15 times of that of direct cow manure returning to field and control.Compared to the direct addition of cow dung, the addition of biochar increased the copy number of the phosphorus functional genes phoC and pqqc in the rhizosphere soil. In the biochar treatment, the abundance of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Sphingomonas and Lactobacillus was significantly higher than that in the other treatments, it is relative abundance was 4.83% and 2.62%, respectively, which indirectly improved soil phosphorus availability. Discussion The results indicated that different cow dung return methods may exert different effects on phosphorus availability in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils via chemical and microbial pathways. These findings indicated that, compared to the direct return of cow dung, biochar return may exert a more significant impact on the availability of phosphorus in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, as well as on the growth of P.euphratica seedlings and the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Fan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Yaling Chang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Zhoukang Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
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Yu P, Qin K, Niu G, Gu M. Alleviate environmental concerns with biochar as a container substrate: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1176646. [PMID: 37575924 PMCID: PMC10415017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Peat moss has desirable properties as a container substrate, however, harvesting it from peatland for greenhouse/nursery production use has disturbed peatland ecosystem and caused numerous environmental concerns. More recently, many nations have taken actions to reduce or ban peat moss production to reach the carbon neutral goal and address the environmental concerns. Also, the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides with peat moss in greenhouse/nursery production adds extra environmental and economic issues. Thus, it is urgent to find a peat moss replacement as a container substrate for greenhouse/nursery production. Biochar, a carbon-rich material with porous structure produced by the thermo-chemical decomposition of biomass in an oxygen-limited or oxygen-depleted atmosphere, has drawn researchers' attention for the past two decades. Using biochar to replace peat moss as a container substrate for greenhouse/nursery production could provide environmental and economic benefits. Biochar could be derived from various feedstocks that are regenerated faster than peat moss, and biochar possesses price advantages over peat moss when local feedstock is available. Certain types of biochar can provide nutrients, accelerate nutrient adsorption, and suppress certain pathogens, which end up with reduced fertilizer and pesticide usage and leaching. However, among the 36,474 publications on biochar, 1,457 focused on using biochar as a container substrate, and only 68 were used to replace peat moss as a container substrate component. This study provides a review for the environmental and economic concerns associated with peat moss and discussed using biochar as a peat moss alternative to alleviate these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Kuan Qin
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Genhua Niu
- AgriLife Research Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mengmeng Gu
- Department of Horticulture and Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Guan TK, Wang QY, Li JS, Yan HW, Chen QJ, Sun J, Liu CJ, Han YY, Zou YJ, Zhang GQ. Biochar immobilized plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhanced the physicochemical properties, agronomic characters and microbial communities during lettuce seedling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218205. [PMID: 37476665 PMCID: PMC10354297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the by-products of mushroom production, which is mainly composed of disintegrated lignocellulosic biomass, mushroom mycelia and some minerals. The huge output and the lack of effective utilization methods make SMS becoming a serious environmental problem. In order to improve the application of SMS and SMS derived biochar (SBC), composted SMS (CSMS), SBC, combined plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Bacillus subtilis BUABN-01 and Arthrobacter pascens BUAYN-122) and SBC immobilized PGPR (BCP) were applied in the lettuce seedling. Seven substrate treatments were used, including (1) CK, commercial control; (2) T1, CSMS based blank control; (3) T2, T1 with combined PGPR (9:1, v/v); (4) T3, T1 with SBC (19:1, v/v); (5) T4, T1 with SBC (9:1, v/v); (6) T5, T1 with BCP (19:1, v/v); (7) T6, T1 with BCP (9:1, v/v). The physicochemical properties of substrate, agronomic and physicochemical properties of lettuce and rhizospheric bacterial and fungal communities were investigated. The addition of SBC and BCP significantly (p < 0.05) improved the total nitrogen and available potassium content. The 5% (v/v) BCP addiction treatment (T5) represented the highest fresh weight of aboveground and underground, leave number, chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content, and the lowest root malondialdehyde content. Moreover, high throughput sequencing revealed that the biochar immobilization enhanced the adaptability of PGPR. The addition of PGPR, SBC and BCP significantly enriched the unique bacterial biomarkers. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed that 5% BCP greatly increased the network complexity of rhizospheric microorganisms and improved the correlations of the two PGPR with other microorganisms. Furthermore, microbial functional prediction indicated that BCP enhanced the nutrient transport of rhizospheric microorganisms. This study showed the BCP can increase the agronomic properties of lettuce and improve the rhizospheric microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Kun Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Shu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wen Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Jun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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