1
|
Kumar D, Biswas JK, Mulla SI, Singh R, Shukla R, Ahanger MA, Shekhawat GS, Verma KK, Siddiqui MW, Seth CS. Micro and nanoplastics pollution: Sources, distribution, uptake in plants, toxicological effects, and innovative remediation strategies for environmental sustainability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108795. [PMID: 38878390 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs), are minute particles resulting from plastic fragmentation, have raised concerns due to their widespread presence in the environment. This study investigates sources and distribution of MNPs and their impact on plants, elucidating the intricate mechanisms of toxicity. Through a comprehensive analysis, it reveals that these tiny plastic particles infiltrate plant tissues, disrupting vital physiological processes. Micro and nanoplastics impair root development, hinder water and nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and induce oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity leading to stunted growth and diminished crop yields. Moreover, they interfere with plant-microbe interactions essential for nutrient cycling and soil health. The research also explores the translocation of these particles within plants, raising concerns about their potential entry into the food chain and subsequent human health risks. The study underscores the urgency of understanding MNPs toxicity on plants, emphasizing the need for innovative remediation strategies such as bioremediation by algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants and eco-friendly plastic alternatives. Addressing this issue is pivotal not only for environmental conservation but also for ensuring sustainable agriculture and global food security in the face of escalating plastic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, Delhi, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- International Centre for Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia- 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore- 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida- 201308, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak- 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning-530007, China
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour-813210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Fang L, Tan W, Bing H, Zeng Y, Chen X, Li Z, Hu W, Yang X, Shaheen SM, White JC, Xing B. Nano-enabled strategies to promote safe crop production in heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174505. [PMID: 38971252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is a potentially safe and sustainable strategy for both agricultural production and soil remediation, yet the potential of nanomaterials (NMs) application to remediate heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soils is still unclear. A meta-analysis with approximately 6000 observations was conducted to quantify the effects of NMs on safe crop production in soils contaminated with heavy metal(loid) (HM), and a machine learning approach was used to identify the major contributing features. Applying NMs can elevate the crop shoot (18.2 %, 15.4-21.2 %) and grain biomass (30.7 %, 26.9-34.9 %), and decrease the shoot and grain HM concentration by 31.8 % (28.9-34.5 %) and 46.8 % (43.7-49.8 %), respectively. Iron-NMs showed a greater potential to inhibit crop HM uptake compared to other types of NMs. Our result further demonstrates that NMs application substantially reduces the potential health risk of HM in crop grains by human health risk assessment. The NMs-induced reduction in HM accumulation was associated with decreasing HM bioavailability, as well as increased soil pH and organic matter. A random forest model demonstrates that soil pH and total HM concentration are the two significant features affecting shoot HM accumulation. This analysis of the literature highlights the significant potential of NMs application in promoting safe agricultural production in HM-contaminated agricultural lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China.
| | - Linchuan Fang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Xunfeng Chen
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 71000, China
| | - Weifang Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhuang H, Li Z, Wang M, Liu B, Chu Y, Lin Z. Effects of microplastics and combined pollution of polystyrene and di-n-octyl phthalate on photosynthesis of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174426. [PMID: 38969123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis provides carbon sources and energy for crop growth and development, and the widespread presence of microplastics and plastic plasticisers in agricultural soils affects crop photosynthesis, but the mechanism of the effect is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of different microplastics and plasticizers on cucumber photosynthesis. Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) as representative microplastics and plasticizers, we assessed their impact on cucumber photosynthesis. Our results reveal significant alterations in key parameters: intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) increased across all treatments, whereas stomatal limit value (Ls) and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased. Notably, PS + DOP treatment led to a significant reduction in the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and ATP accumulation. Furthermore, PE and PS + DOP treatments decreased lycopene and ɛ-carotene synthesis rates, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. All treatments inhibited the conversion of β-carotene into strigolactone (SL) and decreased chlorophyll synthesis rates, with PS + DOP exhibiting the most severe impact. Regarding chlorophyll degradation pathways, PVC and PE treatments reduced chlorophyll decomposition rates, whereas DOP with PS promoted degradation. PE and PS treatments also impaired light energy capture, electron transport, and the structural stability of photosystems I and II, as well as photosynthetic capacity and NADPH and ATP synthesis rates. Our findings underscore the differential impacts of microplastics and plasticizers on cucumber photosynthesis, with PS + DOP having the most detrimental effect. These results shed light on the complex interactions between microplastics and plant physiology, highlighting the urgent need for mitigation strategies in agricultural practices to safeguard crop productivity and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhuang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhenxia Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Menglin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yiwen Chu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ziyu Lin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy R, Hossain A, Sultana S, Deb B, Ahmod MM, Sarker T. Microplastics increase cadmium absorption and impair nutrient uptake and growth in red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in the presence of cadmium and biochar. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:608. [PMID: 38926861 PMCID: PMC11202365 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution in terrestrial ecosystems is gaining attention, but there is limited research on its effects on leafy vegetables when combined with heavy metals. This study examines the impact of three MP types-polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)-at concentrations of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1% w/w, along with cadmium (Cd) and biochar (B), on germination, growth, nutrient absorption, and heavy metal uptake in red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). We found that different MP types and concentrations did not negatively affect germination parameters like germination rate, relative germination rate, germination vigor, relative germination vigor, and germination speed. However, they increased phytotoxicity and decreased stress tolerance compared to an untreated control (CK1). The presence of MPs, particularly the PS type, reduced phosphorus and potassium uptake while enhancing Cd uptake. For example, treatments PS0.02CdB, PS0.05CdB, and PS0.1CdB increased Cd content in A. tricolor seedlings by 158%, 126%, and 44%, respectively, compared to the treatment CdB (CK2). Additionally, MP contamination led to reduced plant height, leaf dry matter content, and fresh and dry weights, indicating adverse effects on plant growth. Moreover, the presence of MPs increased bioconcentration factors and translocation factors for Cd, suggesting that MPs might act as carriers for heavy metal absorption in plants. On the positive side, the addition of biochar improved several root parameters, including root length, volume, surface area, and the number of root tips in the presence of MPs, indicating potential benefits for plant growth. Our study shows that the combination of MPs and Cd reduces plant growth and increases the risk of heavy metal contamination in food crops. Further research is needed to understand how different MP types and concentrations affect various plant species, which will aid in developing targeted mitigation strategies and in exploring the mechanisms through which MPs impact plant growth and heavy metal uptake. Finally, investigating the potential of biochar application in conjunction with other amendments in mitigating these effects could be key to addressing MP and heavy metal contamination in agricultural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Roy
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Akram Hossain
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Open School, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur, 1705, Bangladesh
| | - Biplob Deb
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moudud Ahmod
- Department of Crop Botany & Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tanwne Sarker
- Department of Sociology and Rural Development, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Q, Wen C, Yan C. Meta-analysis reveals the combined effects of microplastics and heavy metal on plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135028. [PMID: 38925057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The combined pollution of microplastics and heavy metals is becoming increasingly serious, and its effects on toxicology and heavy metal accumulation of plants are closely related to crop yield and population health. Here, we collected 57 studies to investigate the effect of microplastics on heavy metal accumulation in plants and their combined toxicity. An assessment was conducted to discover the primary pollutant responsible for the toxicity of combined pollution on plants. The study examined the influence of microplastic characteristics, heavy metal characteristics, and experimental methods on this pollutant. The results showed that combined toxicity of plants was more similar to heavy metals, whereas microplastics interacted with heavy metals mainly by inducing oxidative stress damage. Culture environment, heavy metal type, experimental duration, microplastic concentration and microplastic size were the main factors affecting heavy metal accumulation in plants. There was a negative correlation between experimental duration, microplastic concentration and microplastic size with heavy metal accumulation in plants. The interactions among influencing factors were found, and microplastic biodegradation was the core factor of the strong interaction. These results provided comprehensive insights and guiding strategies for environmental and public health risks caused by the combined pollution of microplastics and heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Wen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad F, Kusumiyati K, Soleh MA, Khan MR, Sundari RS. Assessing the climate adaptive potential of imported Chili in comparison with local cultivars through germination performance analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:553. [PMID: 38877414 PMCID: PMC11177443 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study offers insightful information about the adaptability of local and imported Chili cultivars. This experiment examines how three different chili cultivars Tanjung, Unpad, and Osaka perform in the germination and early growth phases while considering a wide range of environmental conditions. Research conducted in Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, Indonesia, highlights the differences between cultivars and the varied possibilities for adaptability each variation possesses. RESULTS Among them, Tanjung stands out as the most promising cultivar; its robust performance is demonstrated by its high germination index 91.7. Notable features of Osaka include the highest biomass output (1.429 g), the best water usage efficiency (WUE) at 0.015 g/liter, and the best distribution uniformity (91.2%) and application efficiency (73.6%) under different irrigation conditions. Tanjung's competitiveness is further evidenced by the fact that it trails Osaka closely on several metrics. Lower performance across criteria for Unpad suggests possible issues with flexibility. CONCLUSION The value of this information becomes apparent when it comes to well-informed breeding programs and cultivation techniques, especially considering uncertain climate patterns and global climate change. This research contributes significantly to the body of knowledge, enabling well-informed choices for environmentally dynamic, sustainable chili farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Bandung- Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Bandung- Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Mochamad Arief Soleh
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Bandung- Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rabnawaz Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ristina Siti Sundari
- Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Perjuangan, Jl. PETA No. 177, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guerrieri N, Mazzini S, Borgonovo G. Food Plants and Environmental Contamination: An Update. TOXICS 2024; 12:365. [PMID: 38787144 PMCID: PMC11125986 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Food plants are the basis of human nutrition, but, in contaminated places, they can uptake contaminants. Environmental contamination and climate change can modify food quality; generally, they have a negative impact on and imply risks to human health. Heavy metals, like lead, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium, can be present at various environmental levels (soil, water, and atmosphere), and they are widely distributed in the world. Food plants can carry out heavy metal bioaccumulation, a defense pathway for plants, which is different for every plant species. Accumulation is frequent in the roots and the leaves, and heavy metals can be present in fruits and seeds; As and Cd are always present. In addition, other contaminants can bioaccumulate in food plants, including emerging contaminants, like persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and microplastics. In food plants, these are present in the roots but also in the leaves and fruits, depending on their chemical structure. The literature published in recent years was examined to understand the distribution of contaminants among food plants. In the literature, old agronomical practices and new integrated technology to clean the water, control the soil, and monitor the crops have been proposed to mitigate contamination and produce high food quality and high food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Guerrieri
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Largo Tonolli 50, I-28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- DeFENS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (S.M.)
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- DeFENS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tariq M, Iqbal B, Khan I, Khan AR, Jho EH, Salam A, Zhou H, Zhao X, Li G, Du D. Microplastic contamination in the agricultural soil-mitigation strategies, heavy metals contamination, and impact on human health: a review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:65. [PMID: 38341396 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental issue due to its widespread distribution, persistence, and potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Although research on microplastic pollution in aquatic environments has gained significant attention. However, a limited literature has summarized the impacts of microplastic pollution the agricultural land and human health. Therefore, In the current review, we have discussed how microplastic(s) affect the microorganisms by ingesting the microplastic present in the soil, alternatively affecting the belowground biotic and abiotic components, which further elucidates the negative effects on the above-ground properties of the crops. In addition, the consumption of these crops in the food chain revealed a potential risk to human health throughout the food chain. Moreover, microplastic pollution has the potential to induce a negative impact on agricultural production and food security by altering the physiochemical properties of the soil, microbial population, nutrient cycling, and plant growth and development. Therefore, we discussed in detail the potential hazards caused by microplastic contamination in the soil and through the consumption of food and water by humans in daily intake. Furthermore, further study is urgently required to comprehend how microplastic pollution negatively affects terrestrial ecosystems, particularly agroecosystems which drastically reduces the productivity of the crops. Our review highlights the urgent need for greater awareness, policy interventions, and technological solutions to address the emerging threat of microplastic pollution in soil and plant systems and mitigation strategies to overcome its potential impacts on human health. Based on existing studies, we have pointed out the research gaps and proposed different directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ismail Khan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Eun Hea Jho
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Salam
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang New District Environmental Monitoring Station Co. Ltd, Zhenjiang, 212132, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|