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Hill RJ, Bona N, Smink J, Webb HK, Crisp A, Garaycoechea JI, Crossan GP. p53 regulates diverse tissue-specific outcomes to endogenous DNA damage in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2518. [PMID: 38514641 PMCID: PMC10957910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA repair deficiency can lead to segmental phenotypes in humans and mice, in which certain tissues lose homeostasis while others remain seemingly unaffected. This may be due to different tissues facing varying levels of damage or having different reliance on specific DNA repair pathways. However, we find that the cellular response to DNA damage determines different tissue-specific outcomes. Here, we use a mouse model of the human XPF-ERCC1 progeroid syndrome (XFE) caused by loss of DNA repair. We find that p53, a central regulator of the cellular response to DNA damage, regulates tissue dysfunction in Ercc1-/- mice in different ways. We show that ablation of p53 rescues the loss of hematopoietic stem cells, and has no effect on kidney, germ cell or brain dysfunction, but exacerbates liver pathology and polyploidisation. Mechanistically, we find that p53 ablation led to the loss of cell-cycle regulation in the liver, with reduced p21 expression. Eventually, p16/Cdkn2a expression is induced, serving as a fail-safe brake to proliferation in the absence of the p53-p21 axis. Taken together, our data show that distinct and tissue-specific functions of p53, in response to DNA damage, play a crucial role in regulating tissue-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Hill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nazareno Bona
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Job Smink
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah K Webb
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair Crisp
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Rageul J, Kim H. Fanconi anemia and the underlying causes of genomic instability. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:693-708. [PMID: 31983075 PMCID: PMC7778457 DOI: 10.1002/em.22358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by birth defects, progressive bone marrow failure, and a predisposition to cancer. This devastating disease is caused by germline mutations in any one of the 22 known FA genes, where the gene products are primarily responsible for the resolution of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), a type of DNA damage generally formed by cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. However, the identity of endogenous mutagens that generate DNA ICLs remains largely elusive. In addition, whether DNA ICLs are indeed the primary cause behind FA phenotypes is still a matter of debate. Recent genetic studies suggest that naturally occurring reactive aldehydes are a primary source of DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells, implicating that they could play a role in genome instability and FA. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that the FA pathway constitutes a general surveillance mechanism for the genome by protecting against a variety of DNA replication stresses. Therefore, understanding the DNA repair signaling that is regulated by the FA pathway, and the types of DNA lesions underlying the FA pathophysiology is crucial for the treatment of FA and FA-associated cancers. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between reactive aldehydes, bone marrow dysfunction, and FA biology in the context of signaling pathways triggered during FA-mediated DNA repair and maintenance of the genomic integrity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2020. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rageul
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Correspondence to: Hyungjin Kim, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Basic Sciences Tower 8-125, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, Phone: 631-444-3134, FAX: 631-444-3218,
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3
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Yang L, Liu L, Gao H, Pinnamaneni JP, Sanagasetti D, Singh VP, Wang K, Mathison M, Zhang Q, Chen F, Mo Q, Rosengart T, Yang J. The stem cell factor SALL4 is an essential transcriptional regulator in mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged leukemogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:159. [PMID: 28974232 PMCID: PMC5627455 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem cell factor spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) plays important roles in normal hematopoiesis and also in leukemogenesis. We previously reported that SALL4 exerts its effect by recruiting important epigenetic factors such as DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). Both of these proteins are critically involved in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia, which has a very poor clinical prognosis. Recently, SALL4 has been further linked to the functions of MLL and its target gene homeobox A9 (HOXA9). However, it remains unclear whether SALL4 is indeed a key player in MLL-r leukemia pathogenesis. METHODS Using a mouse bone marrow retroviral transduction/ transplantation approach combined with tamoxifen-inducible, CreERT2-mediated Sall4 gene deletion, we studied SALL4 functions in leukemic transformation that was induced by MLL-AF9-one of the most common MLL-r oncoproteins found in patients. In addition, the underlying transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms were explored using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing (ChIP-Seq), mRNA microarray, qRT-PCR, histone modification, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. The effects of SALL4 loss on normal hematopoiesis in mice were also investigated. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SALL4 expression is critically required for MLL-AF9-induced leukemic transformation and disease progression in mice. Loss of SALL4 in MLL-AF9-transformed cells induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1. ChIP-Seq assay identified that Sall4 binds to key MLL-AF9 target genes and important MLL-r or non-MLL-r leukemia-related genes. ChIP-PCR assays indicated that SALL4 affects the levels of the histone modification markers H3K79me2/3 and H3K4me3 at MLL-AF9 target gene promoters by physically interacting with DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase (DOT1l) and LSD1/KDM1A, and thereby regulates transcript expression. Surprisingly, normal Sall4 f/f /CreERT2 mice treated with tamoxifen or vav-Cre-mediated (hematopoietic-specific) Sall4 -/- mice were healthy and displayed no significant hematopoietic defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SALL4 critically contributes to MLL-AF9-induced leukemia, unraveling the underlying transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms in this disease and suggesting that selectively targeting the SALL4 pathway may be a promising approach for managing human MLL-r leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaya Pratap Pinnamaneni
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deepthi Sanagasetti
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivek P Singh
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Mathison
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd Rosengart
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Yoon YM, Storm KJ, Kamimae-Lanning AN, Goloviznina NA, Kurre P. Endogenous DNA Damage Leads to p53-Independent Deficits in Replicative Fitness in Fetal Murine Fancd2 -/- Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:840-853. [PMID: 27720904 PMCID: PMC5106485 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our mechanistic understanding of Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway function in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) owes much to their role in experimentally induced DNA crosslink lesion repair. In bone marrow HSPCs, unresolved stress confers p53-dependent apoptosis and progressive cell attrition. The role of FA proteins during hematopoietic development, in the face of physiological replicative demand, remains elusive. Here, we reveal a fetal HSPC pool in Fancd2−/− mice with compromised clonogenicity and repopulation. Without experimental manipulation, fetal Fancd2−/− HSPCs spontaneously accumulate DNA strand breaks and RAD51 foci, associated with a broad transcriptional DNA-damage response, and constitutive activation of ATM as well as p38 stress kinase. Remarkably, the unresolved stress during rapid HSPC pool expansion does not trigger p53 activation and apoptosis; rather, it constrains proliferation. Collectively our studies point to a role for the FA pathway during hematopoietic development and provide a new model for studying the physiological function of FA proteins. Fancd2−/− fetal HSPCs show spontaneous deficits on replicative stress in development Fancd2−/− FL HSPCs show activated DNA-damage responses and strand-break accumulation Fancd2−/− FL deficits occur without apoptosis and independent of p53 activation MAPK (p38) inhibition rescues Fancd2−/− progenitor defects in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Me Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kelsie J Storm
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ashley N Kamimae-Lanning
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalya A Goloviznina
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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5
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Zhang QS, Deater M, Schubert K, Marquez-Loza L, Pelz C, Sinclair DA, Grompe M. The Sirt1 activator SRT3025 expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and improves hematopoiesis in Fanconi anemia mice. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:130-40. [PMID: 26046330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetic bone marrow failure syndrome. The current treatment options are suboptimal and do not prevent the eventual onset of aplastic anemia requiring bone marrow transplantation. We previously showed that resveratrol, an antioxidant and an activator of the protein deacetylase Sirt1, enhanced hematopoiesis in Fancd2 mutant mice and improved the impaired stem cell quiescence observed in this disease. Given that Sirt1 is important for the function of hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that Sirt1 activation may improve hematopoiesis. Indeed, Fancd2(-/-) mice and wild-type mice treated with the selective Sirt1 activator SRT3025 had increased numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, platelets and white blood cells. SRT3025 was also protective against acetaldehyde-induced hematopoietic damage. Unlike resveratrol, however, SRT3025 did not affect stem cell quiescence, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action. Conditional deletion of Sirt1 in hematopoietic cells did not abrogate the beneficial effects of SRT3025, indicating that the drug did not act by directly stimulating Sirt1 in stem cells, but must be acting indirectly via extra-hematopoietic effects. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis revealed the down-regulation of Egr1-p21 expression, providing a potential mechanism for improved hematopoiesis. Overall, our data indicate that SRT3025 or related compounds may be beneficial in Fanconi anemia and other bone marrow failure syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shuo Zhang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Matthew Deater
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kathryn Schubert
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura Marquez-Loza
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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6
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Zhang QS, Benedetti E, Deater M, Schubert K, Major A, Pelz C, Impey S, Marquez-Loza L, Rathbun RK, Kato S, Bagby GC, Grompe M. Oxymetholone therapy of fanconi anemia suppresses osteopontin transcription and induces hematopoietic stem cell cycling. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 4:90-102. [PMID: 25434823 PMCID: PMC4297866 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are widely used for treating Fanconi anemia (FA) and other human bone marrow failure syndromes, but their mode of action remains incompletely understood. Aged Fancd2−/− mice were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of oxymetholone (OXM) and its mechanism of action. Eighteen-month-old Fancd2−/− mice recapitulated key human FA phenotypes, including reduced bone marrow cellularity, red cell macrocytosis, and peripheral pancytopenia. As in humans, chronic OXM treatment significantly improved these hematological parameters and stimulated the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. RNA-Seq analysis implicated downregulation of osteopontin as an important potential mechanism for the drug’s action. Consistent with the increased stem cell proliferation, competitive repopulation assays demonstrated that chronic OXM therapy eventually resulted in stem cell exhaustion. These results expand our knowledge of the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and have direct clinical implications for the treatment of bone marrow failure. OXM treatment causes loss of quiescence and stem cell exhaustion RNaseq analysis reveals transcriptional changes in key pathways in Fancd2−/− HSPC OXM suppresses transcription of osteopontin, a known stem cell quiescence promoter Unlike previous notions, OXM has no effect on telomerase expression or EPO signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shuo Zhang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Eric Benedetti
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthew Deater
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kathryn Schubert
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura Marquez-Loza
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - R Keaney Rathbun
- NW VA Cancer Research Center, VA Medical Center Portland, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Grover C Bagby
- NW VA Cancer Research Center, VA Medical Center Portland, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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7
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Liu GH, Suzuki K, Li M, Qu J, Montserrat N, Tarantino C, Gu Y, Yi F, Xu X, Zhang W, Ruiz S, Plongthongkum N, Zhang K, Masuda S, Nivet E, Tsunekawa Y, Soligalla RD, Goebl A, Aizawa E, Kim NY, Kim J, Dubova I, Li Y, Ren R, Benner C, Del Sol A, Bueren J, Trujillo JP, Surralles J, Cappelli E, Dufour C, Esteban CR, Belmonte JCI. Modelling Fanconi anemia pathogenesis and therapeutics using integration-free patient-derived iPSCs. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4330. [PMID: 24999918 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability, congenital abnormalities, cancer predisposition and bone marrow (BM) failure. However, the pathogenesis of FA is not fully understood partly due to the limitations of current disease models. Here, we derive integration free-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from an FA patient without genetic complementation and report in situ gene correction in FA-iPSCs as well as the generation of isogenic FANCA-deficient human embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines. FA cellular phenotypes are recapitulated in iPSCs/ESCs and their adult stem/progenitor cell derivatives. By using isogenic pathogenic mutation-free controls as well as cellular and genomic tools, our model serves to facilitate the discovery of novel disease features. We validate our model as a drug-screening platform by identifying several compounds that improve hematopoietic differentiation of FA-iPSCs. These compounds are also able to rescue the hematopoietic phenotype of FA patient BM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jing Qu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Fei Yi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Xiuling Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nongluk Plongthongkum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yuji Tsunekawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Rupa Devi Soligalla
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - April Goebl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Na Young Kim
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Kim
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ilir Dubova
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ying Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chris Benner
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Juan Bueren
- Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Trujillo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova Quarto, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova Quarto, Italy
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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8
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Abstract
The inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes are a rare and diverse group of genetic disorders that ultimately result in the loss of blood production. The molecular defects underlying many of these conditions have been elucidated, and great progress has been made toward understanding the normal function of these gene products. This review will focus on perhaps the most well-known and genetically heterogeneous BMF syndrome: Fanconi anemia. More specifically, this account will review the current state of our knowledge on why the bone marrow fails in this illness and what this might tell us about the maintenance of bone marrow function and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Garaycoechea
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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