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Ho YK, Woo JY, Loke KM, Deng LW, Too HP. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy with multi-transgene armed mesenchymal stem cells for treating peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:463. [PMID: 38750559 PMCID: PMC11097589 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest for their tumor-tropic property, making them potential therapeutic delivery vehicles for cancer treatment. We have previously shown the significant anti-tumour activity in mice preclinical models and companion animals with naturally occurring cancers using non-virally engineered MSCs with a therapeutic transgene encoding cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (CDUPRT) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Clinical studies have shown improved response rate with combinatorial treatment of 5-fluorouracil and Interferon-beta (IFNb) in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). However, high systemic toxicities have limited the clinical use of such a regime. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of intraperitoneal administration of non-virally engineered MSCs to co-deliver CDUPRT/5-Flucytosine prodrug system and IFNb to potentially enhance the cGAS-STING signalling axis. Here, MSCs were engineered to express CDUPRT or CDUPRT-IFNb. Expression of CDUPRT and IFNb was confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The anti-cancer efficacy of the engineered MSCs was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo model. ES2, HT-29 and Colo-205 were cocultured with engineered MSCs at various ratio. The cell viability with or without 5-flucytosine was measured with MTS assay. To further compare the anti-cancer efficacy of the engineered MSCs, peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of luciferase expressing ES2 stable cells. The tumour burden was measured through bioluminescence tracking. RESULTS Firstly, there was no changes in phenotypes of MSCs despite high expression of the transgene encoding CDUPRT and IFNb (CDUPRT-IFNb). Transwell migration assays and in-vivo tracking suggested the co-expression of multiple transgenes did not impact migratory capability of the MSCs. The superiority of CDUPRT-IFNb over CDUPRT expressing MSCs was demonstrated in ES2, HT-29 and Colo-205 in-vitro. Similar observations were observed in an intraperitoneal ES2 ovarian cancer xenograft model. The growth of tumor mass was inhibited by ~ 90% and 46% in the mice treated with MSCs expressing CDUPRT-IFNb or CDUPRT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results established the effectiveness of MSCs co-expressing CDUPRT and IFNb in controlling and targeting PC growth. This study lay the foundation for the development of clinical trial using multigene-armed MSCs for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Khei Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- AGeM Bio, Singapore, 119276, Singapore.
- Singapore Innovate, Singapore, 059911, Singapore.
| | - Jun Yung Woo
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kin Man Loke
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng-Phon Too
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Choi Y, Lee HK, Ahn D, Nam MW, Go RE, Choi KC. Genetically engineered neural stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase and interferon-beta enhanced T cell-mediated antitumor immunity against gastric cancer in a humanized mouse model. Life Sci 2023; 328:121866. [PMID: 37331506 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) is an invasive, fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy via genetically engineered neural stem cells (GENSTECs) has been widely studied in various malignancies, such as breast, ovarian, and renal cancer. In this study, the human neural stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase and interferon beta (HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β) cells were applied to convert non-toxic 5-fluorocytosine to cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil and secrete IFN-β. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAKs) were generated by stimulating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by interleukin-2, and we evaluated the cytotoxic activity and migratory ability of LAKs co-cultured with GNESTECs or their conditioned media in vitro. A GC-bearing human immune system (HIS) mouse model was generated by transplanting human PBMCs followed by subcutaneous engraftment of MKN45 cells in NSG-B2m mice to evaluate the involvement of T cell-mediated anti-cancer immune activity of GENSTECs. KEY FINDINGS In vitro studies showed the presence of HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells facilitated the migration ability of LAKs to MKN45 cells and activated their cytotoxic potential. In MKN45-xenografted HIS mice, treatment with HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells resulted in increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration throughout the tumor, including the central area. Moreover, the group treated to HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β showed increased granzyme B expression in the tumor, eventually enhancing the tumor-killing potential of CTLs and significantly delaying tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that the HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells exert anti-cancer effects on GC by facilitating the T cell-mediated immune response, and GENSTECs are a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdong Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Ahn
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Nam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Voloshin N, Tyurin-Kuzmin P, Karagyaur M, Akopyan Z, Kulebyakin K. Practical Use of Immortalized Cells in Medicine: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12716. [PMID: 37628897 PMCID: PMC10454025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern science, immortalized cells are not only a convenient tool in fundamental research, but they are also increasingly used in practical medicine. This happens due to their advantages compared to the primary cells, such as the possibility to produce larger amounts of cells and to use them for longer periods of time, the convenience of genetic modification, the absence of donor-to-donor variability when comparing the results of different experiments, etc. On the other hand, immortalization comes with drawbacks: possibilities of malignant transformation and/or major phenotype change due to genetic modification itself or upon long-term cultivation appear. At first glance, such issues are huge hurdles in the way of immortalized cells translation into medicine. However, there are certain ways to overcome such barriers that we describe in this review. We determined four major areas of usage of immortalized cells for practical medicinal purposes, and each has its own means to negate the drawbacks associated with immortalization. Moreover, here we describe specific fields of application of immortalized cells in which these problems are of much lesser concern, for example, in some cases where the possibility of malignant growth is not there at all. In general, we can conclude that immortalized cells have their niches in certain areas of practical medicine where they can successfully compete with other therapeutic approaches, and more preclinical and clinical trials with them should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Voloshin
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (P.T.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Pyotr Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (P.T.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (P.T.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Zhanna Akopyan
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin Kulebyakin
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (P.T.-K.); (M.K.)
- Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
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Hassanzadeh A, Shamlou S, Yousefi N, Nikoo M, Verdi J. Genetically-Modified Stem Cell in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Therapy; A New Era. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:23-39. [PMID: 34238158 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210707125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genetic engineering by various strategies to stimulate gene expression in a specific and controllable mode is a speedily growing therapeutic approach. Genetic modification of human stem or progenitor cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for direct delivery of specific therapeutic molecules or genes has been evidenced as an opportune plan in the context of regenerative medicine due to their supported viability, proliferative features, and metabolic qualities. On the other hand, a large number of studies have investigated the efficacy of modified stem cells in cancer therapy using cells from various sources, disparate transfection means for gene delivery, different transfected yields, and wide variability of tumor models. Accordingly, cell-based gene therapy holds substantial aptitude for the treatment of human malignancy as it could relieve signs or even cure cancer succeeding expression of therapeutic or suicide transgene products; however, there exist inconsistent results in this regard. Herein, we deliver a brief overview of stem cell potential to use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine and importantly discuss stem cells based gene delivery competencies to stimulate tissue repair and replacement in concomitant with their potential to use as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, focusing on the last two decades in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shamlou
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Yousefi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Sheikh S, Ernst D, Keating A. Prodrugs and prodrug-activated systems in gene therapy. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1716-1728. [PMID: 33831557 PMCID: PMC8116605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of genes that control cell fate (so-called suicide, or kill-switch, genes) into gene therapy vectors is based on a compelling rationale for the safe and selective elimination of aberrant transfected cells. Prodrug-activated systems were developed in the 1980s and 1990s and rely on the enzymatic conversion of non-active prodrugs to active metabolites that lead to cell death. Although considerable effort and ingenuity has gone into vector design for gene therapy, less attention has been directed at the efficacy or associated adverse effects of the prodrug systems employed. In this review, we discuss prodrug systems employed in clinical trials and consider their role in the field of gene therapy. We highlight potential drawbacks associated with the use of specific prodrugs, such as systemic toxicity of the activated compound, the paucity of data on biodistribution of prodrugs, bystander effects, and destruction of genetically modified cells, and how these can inform future advances in cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira Sheikh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Daniel Ernst
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Taheri-Ledari R, Zhang W, Radmanesh M, Mirmohammadi SS, Maleki A, Cathcart N, Kitaev V. Multi-Stimuli Nanocomposite Therapeutic: Docetaxel Targeted Delivery and Synergies in Treatment of Human Breast Cancer Tumor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002733. [PMID: 32945130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A versatile breast cancer-targeting nanocomposite therapeutic combining docetaxel (DXL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) network for controlled release, and silica-protected magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 NPs) for targeted delivery and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) is presented in this work. First, the designed nanocomposite is magnetically directed for cancer-targeted therapy confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) scans. Second, 10% DXL by mass is loaded into PVA, a pH and temperature responsive gel, for controlled release. Third, PPTT is confirmed with Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL using a prototype circulation system and then for tumor treatment in vivo; Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL is conveniently directed and the entrapped DXL is selectively released (≈96%) via the interaction of green and near-infrared (NIR) light with the localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs. A 75% cell death is reported from in vitro studies with DXL doses as low as 20 µg mL-1 of Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL, and a 70% tumor growth inhibition is demonstrated by in vivo experiments with the biosafety studies confirming minimal side effects to other organs. Overall, the developed Au/Fe3 O4 /PVA-10%DXL has a strong potential to simultaneously enhance CT imaging contrast together with the targeted delivery of DXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taheri-Ledari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Maral Radmanesh
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Shadi Mirmohammadi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Nicole Cathcart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Vladimir Kitaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
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7
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Chu DT, Nguyen TT, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Jeong JH, Anh PG, Thanh VV, Truong DT, Dinh TC. Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030563. [PMID: 32121074 PMCID: PMC7140431 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms underlying the use of various types of stem cells in cancer treatment. In addition, we summarize recent progress in the clinical applications of stem cells, as well as common risks of this therapy. We finally give general directions for future studies, aiming to improve overall outcomes in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.-T.C.); (T.C.D.); Tel.: +84966409783 (D.-T.C.)
| | - Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do 38541, Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Dang-Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do 38541, Korea; (T.T.N.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Pham Gia Anh
- Oncology Department, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Tien Truong
- Department of Anatomy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thien Chu Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.-T.C.); (T.C.D.); Tel.: +84966409783 (D.-T.C.)
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Tamura R, Miyoshi H, Yoshida K, Okano H, Toda M. Recent progress in the research of suicide gene therapy for malignant glioma. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 44:29-49. [PMID: 31781985 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma, which is characterized by diffuse infiltration into the normal brain parenchyma, is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Over the past 40 years, the median survival has only slightly improved. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities must be developed. In the 1990s, suicide gene therapy began attracting attention for the treatment of malignant glioma. Some clinical trials used a viral vector for suicide gene transduction; however, it was found that viral vectors cannot cover the large invaded area of glioma cells. Interest in this therapy was recently revived because some types of stem cells possess a tumor-tropic migratory capacity, which can be used as cellular delivery vehicles. Immortalized, clonal neural stem cell (NSC) line has been used for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma, which showed safety and efficacy. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells may be considered as sources of NSC because NSC is difficult to harvest, and ethical issues have been raised. Mesenchymal stem cells are alternative candidates for cellular vehicle and are easily harvested from the bone marrow. In addition, a new type of nonlytic, amphotropic retroviral replicating vector encoding suicide gene has shown efficacy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma in a clinical trial. This replicating viral capacity is another possible candidate as delivery vehicle to tackle gliomas. Herein, we review the concept of suicide gene therapy, as well as recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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9
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Du L, Liang Q, Ge S, Yang C, Yang P. The growth inhibitory effect of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells expressing interferon-β on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and xenograft model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:224. [PMID: 31358054 PMCID: PMC6664557 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-β (IFN-β) is a cytokine with pleiotropic cellular functions, including antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities. IFN-β inhibits multiple tumor cell growth in vitro. However, the contradiction between the therapeutic dose of IFN-β and its maximally tolerated dose is still inextricable in vivo. Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) represent promising vehicles for cancer gene therapy. This study evaluated the potential of GMSCs genetically engineered to produce IFN-β as a targeted gene delivery system to treat tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A lentiviral vector encoding IFN-β was constructed and transfected into GMSCs to obtain IFN-β gene-modified GMSCs (GMSCs/IFN-β). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the IFN-β concentration in conditioned medium (CM) from GMSCs/IFN-β. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of GMSCs/IFN-β on TSCC cell line CAL27 cell growth and apoptosis in vitro. TSCC xenograft model was developed by subcutaneous injection of CAL27 cells into BALB/c nude mouse, and the role of intravenously injected GMSCs/IFN-β in engrafting in TSCC and controlling tumor progression was measured in vivo. RESULTS GMSCs/IFN-β expressed a high level of IFN-β. Both CCK8 and colony forming assay showed that GMSCs/IFN-β significantly inhibited the proliferation of CAL27 cells compared with the GMSCs, GMSCs/vector, or DMEM group. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the CAL27 cell apoptosis rate was higher in the GMSCs/IFN-β group than in the other three groups. The in vivo experiment revealed that GMSCs/IFN-β engrafted selectively in TSCC xenograft and expressed a high level of IFN-β. There were smaller tumor volume and lower number of Ki67-positive cells in the GMSCs/IFN-β group than in the GMSCs, GMSCs/vector, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. Interestingly, GMSCs and GMSCs/vector also presented the potential of CAL27 cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo, although such an effect was weaker than GMSCs/IFN-β. CONCLUSIONS GMSCs/IFN-β inhibits the proliferation of TSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. These results provide evidence that delivery of IFN-β by GMSCs may be a promising approach to develop an effective treatment option for TSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Du
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Lee M, Ha J, Son YS, Ahn H, Jung KB, Son MY, Kim J. Efficient exogenous DNA-free reprogramming with suicide gene vectors. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31324753 PMCID: PMC6802735 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming with episomal vectors is an easy, safe, and cost-effective method to generate exogenous DNA-free (exogene-free) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the genomic integration of exogenes is observed occasionally. Additionally, the removal of episomal DNA takes more than 70 days in established iPSCs. Here, we inserted the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene from yeast into episomal vectors and used them to reprogram human fibroblasts into iPSCs. These new episomal vectors (CD episomal vectors) were eliminated from the generated iPSCs as early as seven days after 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) treatment. We also found that cells with the integration of the CD gene perished within two days of 5-FC treatment. In addition, we generated exogene-free induced neural stem cells after one passage by direct reprogramming with CD episomal vectors combined with 5-FC treatment. Conclusively, our novel method allows the rapid and easy isolation of exogene-free reprogrammed cells and can be applied to disease modeling and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Lee
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ha
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Ahn
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,0000 0004 1791 8264grid.412786.eDepartment of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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11
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Segaliny AI, Cheng JL, Farhoodi HP, Toledano M, Yu CC, Tierra B, Hildebrand L, Liu L, Liao MJ, Cho J, Liu D, Sun L, Gulsen G, Su MY, Sah RL, Zhao W. Combinatorial targeting of cancer bone metastasis using mRNA engineered stem cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:39-57. [PMID: 31281099 PMCID: PMC6642316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastases are common and devastating to cancer patients. Existing treatments do not specifically target the disease sites and are therefore ineffective and systemically toxic. Here we present a new strategy to treat bone metastasis by targeting both the cancer cells ("the seed"), and their surrounding niche ("the soil"), using stem cells engineered to home to the bone metastatic niche and to maximise local delivery of multiple therapeutic factors. METHODS We used mesenchymal stem cells engineered using mRNA to simultaneously express P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)/Sialyl-Lewis X (SLEX) (homing factors), and modified versions of cytosine deaminase (CD) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (therapeutic factors) to target and treat breast cancer bone metastases in two mouse models, a xenograft intratibial model and a syngeneic model of spontaneous bone metastasis. FINDINGS We first confirmed that MSC engineered using mRNA produced functional proteins (PSGL-1/SLEX, CD and OPG) using various in vitro assays. We then demonstrated that mRNA-engineered MSC exhibit enhanced homing to the bone metastatic niche likely through interactions between PSGL-1/SLEX and P-selectin expressed on tumour vasculature. In both the xenograft intratibial model and syngeneic model of spontaneous bone metastasis, engineered MSC can effectively kill tumour cells and preserve bone integrity. The engineered MSC also exhibited minimal toxicity in vivo, compared to its non-targeted chemotherapy counterpart (5-fluorouracil). INTERPRETATION Our combinatorial targeting of both the cancer cells and the niche represents a simple, safe and effective way to treat metastatic bone diseases, otherwise difficult to manage with existing strategies. It can also be applied to other cell types (e.g., T cells) and cargos (e.g., genome editing components) to treat a broad range of cancer and other complex diseases. FUND: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, National Science Foundation, Baylx Inc., and Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude I Segaliny
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jason L Cheng
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Henry P Farhoodi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael Toledano
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chih Chun Yu
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Beatrice Tierra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leanne Hildebrand
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Linan Liu
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael J Liao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jaedu Cho
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lizhi Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gultekin Gulsen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Min-Ying Su
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weian Zhao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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12
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Chen X, Wang K, Chen S, Chen Y. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells harboring the Interferon-β gene on A549 lung cancer in nude mice. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:586-593. [PMID: 30683475 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-β (IFN-β) exhibits a tumor-killing effect; however, injection of IFN-β alone for lung cancer is often accompanied by side effects. This study investigated the possibility of using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cellular carriers of IFN-β. Isolated umbilical cord MSCs were transfected with a lentivirus packaging IFN-β-overexpression plasmid. A549 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to establish a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse model. A total of 50 mice were randomly assigned to 5 different groups: a control group, IFN-β group, IFN-β-MSCs group, MSCs-lentivirus group, and MSCs group. Next, the IFN-β-MSCs, MSCs-lentivirus, and MSCs were injected into the A549 lung cancer-bearing mice in the IFN-β-MSCs, MSCs-lentivirus and MSCs groups, respectively. Mice in the control and IFN-β groups were injected with solvent or IFN-β solution. The tumors in nude mice in the IFN-β and IFN-β-MSCs groups grew at significantly slower rates than tumors in the control group, and tumors in the MSCs-lentivirus and MSC groups also grew slowly. The rates of tumor cell apoptosis in the IFN-β and IFN-β-MSCs groups were significantly higher than those in the MSCs-lentivirus and MSCs groups. The livers, lungs, and kidneys of nude mice in the IFN-β group displayed hyperemia, exudation, and pathological lesions, while those of nude mice in the IFN-β-MSCs group showed no abnormal changes. Both INF-β-MSCs and INF-β inhibited the growth of subcutaneously implanted lung tumors; however, INF-β-MSCs specifically targeted the tumor cells, and did not produce the damage to internal organs caused by the use of INF-β alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kangwu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China; Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China.
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13
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Kim GS, Hwang KA, Choi KC. A promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease: Engineered anticancer gene-expressing stem cells to selectively target choriocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2576-2582. [PMID: 30867726 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is an unusual disease occurring in pregnancy that originates from abnormal trophoblastic cells and comprises a group of diseases with different properties of invasion, metastasis and recurrence. The GTD group includes hydatidiform moles and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs), with GTNs being divided into invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumors and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. The present review focuses on current effective treatments for GTD, including conventional and novel promising direct enzyme prodrug therapies (DEPTs). Conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and hysterectomy, are currently used in a clinical setting; however, the use of diverse DEPTs, including antibody-DEPT and gene-DEPT is also being attempted to cure GTNs. In addition, gene delivery tools using genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) are presently being examined for the treatment of GTNs. The tumor-tropism of NSCs by chemoattractant factors is a unique characteristic of these cells and can serve as a vehicle to deliver anticancer agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that injection with NSC-expressing suicide genes into xenograft animal models has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Stem cells can be genetically engineered to express anticancer genes, which migrate to the metastatic sites and selectively target cancer cells, and are considered to effectively target metastatic GTNs. However, the safety issue of stem cell therapy, such as tumorigenesis, remains a challenge. Novel therapies comprising a combination of conventional and novel promising treatments are anticipated to be definitive treatments for metastasized and/or recurrent patients with GTNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, North Chungcheong 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, North Chungcheong 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, North Chungcheong 28644, Republic of Korea
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14
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Imamura Y, Tashiro H, Tsend-Ayush G, Haruta M, Dashdemberel N, Komohara Y, Tsuboki J, Takaishi K, Ohba T, Nishimura Y, Katabuchi H, Senju S. Novel therapeutic strategies for advanced ovarian cancer by using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myelomonocytic cells producing interferon beta. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3403-3410. [PMID: 30142694 PMCID: PMC6215869 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although first‐line chemotherapy has a high rate of complete responses in ovarian cancer patients, the vast majority of patients present with recurrent disease that has become refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Peritoneal dissemination and malignant ascites are the hallmarks of recurrent or advanced ovarian cancer and severely reduce quality of life. Development of therapeutic measures to treat such patients is eagerly anticipated. Macrophage infiltration is observed in various types of cancer including epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, macrophages are involved in the formation of spheroids in the malignant ascites of ovarian cancer and promote cancer growth. iPS‐ML, macrophage‐like myelomonocytic cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, made close contacts with ovarian cancer cells in vitro. We hypothesized that, if we inoculate iPS‐ML‐producing IFN‐β (iPS‐ML/IFN‐β) into the peritoneal cavity of patients with ovarian cancer, IFN‐β produced by the iPS‐ML/IFN‐β would efficiently act on the cancer cells to suppress cancer growth. To evaluate this hypothesis, we injected iPS‐ML/IFN‐β into SCID mice bearing peritoneally disseminated human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3. Immunohistochemical analysis of the intraperitoneal tumors detected iPS‐ML/IFN‐β infiltrating into the cancer tissues. Therapy with iPS‐ML/IFN‐β significantly suppressed tumor progression. In addition, dramatic reduction of cancer‐related ascites was observed. Collectively, it is suggested that iPS‐ML/IFN‐β therapy offers a new approach for the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Imamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Tashiro
- Department of Mother-Child Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Gandolgor Tsend-Ayush
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miwa Haruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Narantuya Dashdemberel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junko Tsuboki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Takaishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Nishimura Project Laboratory, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Katabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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15
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Heo JR, Hwang KA, Kim SU, Choi KC. A Potential Therapy Using Engineered Stem Cells Prevented Malignant Melanoma in Cellular and Xenograft Mouse Models. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:797-811. [PMID: 30213181 PMCID: PMC6473263 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with tumor-tropic behavior were used as drug delivery vehicle to selectively target melanoma. A hNSC line (HB1.F3) was transduced into two types: one expressed only the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene (HB1.F3. CD) and the other expressed both CD and human interferon-β (IFN-β) genes (HB1.F3.CD. IFN-β). Materials and Methods This study verified the tumor-tropic migratory competence of engineered hNSCs on melanoma (A375SM) using a modified Boyden chamber assay in vitro and CM-DiI staining in vivo. The antitumor effect of HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β on melanoma was also confirmed using an MTT assay in vitro and xenograft mouse models. RESULTS A secreted form of IFN-β from the HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells modified the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and metastasis of melanoma. 5-Fluorouracil treatment also accelerated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and decelerated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL on melanoma cell line. CONCLUSION Our results illustrate that engineered hNSCs prevented malignant melanoma cells from proliferating in the presence of the prodrug, and the form that secreted IFN-β intervened in the EMT process and melanoma metastasis. Hence, neural stem cell-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy is a plausible treatment for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rim Heo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Institute of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Korea
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16
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Park GT, Heo JR, Kim SU, Choi KC. The growth of K562 human leukemia cells was inhibited by therapeutic neural stem cells in cellular and xenograft mouse models. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1191-1201. [PMID: 30078654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To confirm the anti-tumor effect of engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) and interferon-β (IFN-β) with prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (FC), K562 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells were co-cultured with the neural stem cell lines HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β in 5-FC containing media. A significant decrease in the viability of K562 cells was observed by the treatment of the NSC lines, HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β, compared with the control. A modified trans-well assay showed that engineered human NSCs significantly migrated toward K562 CML cells more than human normal lung cells. In addition, the important chemoattractant factors involved in the specific migration ability of stem cells were found to be expressed in K562 CML cells. In a xenograft mouse model, NSC treatments via subcutaneous and intravenous injections resulted in significant inhibitions of tumor mass growth and extended survival dates of the mice. Taken together, these results suggest that gene therapy using genetically engineered stem cells expressing CD and IFN-β may be effective for treating CML in these mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Tae Park
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Rim Heo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Bakrania AK, Variya BC, Patel SS. Insights from diversified anti-angiogenic models: Role of β-interferon inducer DEAE-Dextran. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:549-557. [PMID: 29677525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, the physiological process involving growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is essential for organ growth and repair. However, the imbalance in angiogenesis contributes to copious pathologies including cancer. Preceding the development of anti-angiogenic or proangiogenic agents, its evaluation is equally imperative; hence, precise and adequate models required. Valid mammalian models are expensive, time-consuming and not easy to set up, instigating legal and ethical aspects making it necessary to establish models with satisfactory activity and limited drawbacks. METHODS We investigated the activity of DEAE-Dextran on diversified models viz. in vitro cell migration assay, ex vivo aortic ring assay, in vitro chick yolk sac membrane assay and in vivo matrigel plug xenograft model corroborating its anti-angiogenic potential and establishing the best means of evaluation. RESULTS Assorted models were reproducible and correlative to one another. DEAE-Dextran exhibited excellent anti-angiogenic effect in cell migration assay over a duration of 24h compared to the vehicle control fibroblast cell line and aortic ring possessed an alleviated rate of sprouting when treated with DEAE-Dextran with contrast to vehicle control aorta. Similarly, decreased vascular density was observed in DEAE-Dextran treated chick embryos implicating potency of the β-interferon inducer. Augmenting to these results, the matrigel plugs also mitigated vascular net as well as reduced levels of angiogenic marker CD31. CONCLUSION Substantially, DEAE-Dextran leads to anti-tumor activity through anti-angiogenic action and a combination of in vitro and in vivo model is vital for the judgement of anti-angiogenic potential since an in vitro model exempts mammalian-culture considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Bakrania
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh C Variya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Bakrania AK, Variya BC, Patel SS. Role of β-Interferon Inducer (DEAE-Dextran) in Tumorigenesis by VEGF and NOTCH1 Inhibition along with Apoptosis Induction. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:930. [PMID: 29311933 PMCID: PMC5742137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel target for breast cancer, interferon inducers have found its role as anti-angiogenic agents with diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-Dextran) being a molecule used for centuries as a transfection agent. Our results herein offer an explanation for the emergence of DEAE-Dextran as an anti-tumor agent for TNBC with in-depth mechanistic approach as an anti-angiogenic molecule. DEAE-Dextran has found to possess cytotoxic activity demonstrated during the various in vitro cytotoxicity assays; moreover, as an anti-oxidant, DEAE-Dextran has shown to possess excellent reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. The interferon inducing capacity of DEAE-Dextran was determined qualitatively as well as quantitatively specifically demonstrating overexpression of β-interferon. As a measure of anti-proliferative activity, DEAE-Dextran exhibited reduced ki67, p53, and PCNA levels. Also, overexpression of CK5/6 and p63 in DEAE-Dextran treated animals indicated improvement in breast cell morphology along with an improvement in cell–cell adhesion by virtue of upregulation of β-catenin and E-cadherin. Anti-angiogenic property of DEAE-Dextran was concluded by the downregulation of CD31, VEGF, and NOTCH1 both in vivo and in vitro. Further, apoptosis due to DEAE-Dextran, initially determined by downregulation of Bcl2, was confirmed with flow cytometry. Overall, results are defensive of DEAE-Dextran as an emerging anti-tumor agent with mechanisms pertaining to β-interferon induction with probable VEGF and NOTCH1 inhibition as well as apoptosis which still needs to be studied in further depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Bakrania
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhavesh C Variya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.,Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Kim GS, Heo JR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Cancer-Specific Inhibitory Effects of Genetically Engineered Stem Cells Expressing Cytosine Deaminase and Interferon-β Against Choriocarcinoma in Xenografted Metastatic Mouse Models. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:74-85. [PMID: 29202279 PMCID: PMC5723382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments using stem cells expressing therapeutic genes have been identified for various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated inhibitory effects of HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells expressing Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) and human interferon-β (IFN-β) genes in intravenously (i.v.) injected mice with a metastasis model. In this treatment, pro-drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) is converted to cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil by hNSCs expressing the CD gene, which inhibits DNA synthesis in cancer cells. Moreover, IFN-β induces apoptosis and reduces the growth of cancer cells. Upon MTT assay, proliferation of choriocarcinoma (JEG-3) cells decreased when co-cultured with hNSCs expressing CD and IFN-β genes. To confirm the cancer-tropic effect of these stem cells, chemoattractant factors (VEGF, CXCR4, and C-kit) secreted from JEG-3 cells were identified by polymerase chain reaction. hNSCs migrate toward JEG-3 cells due to ligand-receptor interactions of these factors. Accordingly, the migration capability of hNSCs toward JEG-3 cells was confirmed using an in vitro Trans-well assay, in vivo subcutaneously (s.c.) injected mice groups (xenograft model), and metastasis model. Intravenously injected hNSCs migrated freely to other organs when compared to s.c. injected hNSCs. Thus, we confirmed the inhibition of lung and ovarian metastasis of choriocarcinoma by i.v. injected HB1.F3.CD or HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells in the presence of 5-FC. Treatment of these stem cells also increased the survival rates of mice. In conclusion, this study showed that metastatic cancer was diminished by genetically engineered hNSCs and noncytotoxic drug 5-FC. This is the first report of the therapeutic potential of i.v. injected hNSCs in a metastasis model; therefore, the results indicate that this stem cell therapy can be used as an alternative novel tool to treat metastatic choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Rim Heo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Kim CW, Lee HM, Lee K, Kim B, Lee MY, Choi KC. Effects of cigarette smoke extracts on cell cycle, cell migration and endocrine activity in human placental cells. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:8-19. [PMID: 28736174 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be related to adverse pregnancy results associated with trophoblast proliferation and cell cycle progression. Moreover, many previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke is correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCG-β) subunit produced from syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy. Thus, we further investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the cell proliferation, migration and endocrine hormone activity of JEG-3 human placental cancer cells. JEG-3 cell proliferation was significantly reduced by all CSEs in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSEs decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in JEG-3 cells in Western blot. Increased migration or invasion ability of JEG-3 cells following CSE treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. Additionally, protein levels of E-cadherin as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, snail and slug were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. The metastasis marker, cathepsin D, was also down-regulated by CSE. Finally, CSEs significantly reduced the expression of hCG-β protein in JEG-3 cells. Overall, these results indicate that exposure of placental cells to CSE deregulates the cell cycle by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and stimulates cell metastatic ability by altering EMT markers and cathepsin D expression. CSE exposure may also decrease hCG-β production as an endocrine marker, implying that cigarette smoke has adverse effects during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Miru Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Non-human Primate, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Asad AS, Moreno Ayala MA, Gottardo MF, Zuccato C, Nicola Candia AJ, Zanetti FA, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. Viral gene therapy for breast cancer: progress and challenges. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:945-959. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1338684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S. Asad
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela A. Moreno Ayala
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Florencia Gottardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Zuccato
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Nicola Candia
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia A. Zanetti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein (ICT Milstein), Unidad Ejecutora del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED-CONICET/UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sakamoto N, Honma R, Sekino Y, Goto K, Sentani K, Ishikawa A, Oue N, Yasui W. Non-coding RNAs are promising targets for stem cell-based cancer therapy. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:83-87. [PMID: 30159424 PMCID: PMC6096406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “non-coding RNA” (ncRNA) is generally used to indicate RNA that does not encode a protein and includes several classes of RNAs, such as microRNA and long non-coding RNA. Several lines of evidence suggest that ncRNAs appear to be involved in a hidden layer of biological procedures that control various levels of gene expression in physiology and development including stem cell biology. Stem cells have recently constituted a revolution in regenerative medicine by providing the possibility of generating suitable cell types for therapeutic use. Here, we review the recent progress that has been made in elaborating the interaction between ncRNAs and tissue/cancer stem cells, discuss related technical and biological challenges, and highlight plausible solutions to surmount these difficulties. This review particularly emphasises the involvement of ncRNAs in stem cell biology and in vivo modulation to treat and cure specific pathological disorders especially in cancer. We believe that a better understanding of the molecular machinery of ncRNAs as related to pluripotency, cellular reprogramming, and lineage-specific differentiation is essential for progress of cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- MET, mesenchymal to epithelial transition
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Non-coding RNA
- Stem cell-based therapy
- T-UCR, transcribed ultraconserved region
- Transcribed ultraconserved region
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- lincRNA, long inverting non-coding RNA
- lncRNA, long ncRNA
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ncRNAs, non-coding RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ririno Honma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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The Inhibitory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with rAd-NK4 on Liver Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:444-459. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim CW, Go RE, Lee HM, Hwang KA, Lee K, Kim B, Lee MY, Choi KC. Cigarette smoke extracts induced the colon cancer migration via regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastatic genes in human colon cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:690-704. [PMID: 27087172 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There was considerable evidence that exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the relationship between cigarette smoking and colon cancer remains unclear. Moreover, there were only a few studies on effects of complexing substance contained in cigarette smoke on colon cancer. Thus, we further investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the cell cycle, apoptosis and migration of human metastatic colon cancer cells, SW-620. MTT assay revealed that SW-620 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited following treatments with all CSEs, 3R4F, and two-domestic cigarettes, for 9 days in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE treatments decreased cyclin D1 and E1, and increased p21 and p27 proteins by Western blot analysis in SW-620 cells. Additionally, the treatment of the cells with CSE contributed to these effects expressing by apoptosis-related proteins. An increased migration or invasion ability of SW-620 cells following CSE treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. In addition, the protein levels of E-cadherin as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin, snail, and slug, were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. A metastatic marker, cathepsin D, was also down-regulated by CSE treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that CSE exposure in colon cancer cells may deregulate the cell growth by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and pro-apoptotic protein, and stimulate cell metastatic ability by altering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and cathepsin D expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 690-704, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Miru Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Non-Human Primate, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Yi BR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Synergistic effect of therapeutic stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase and interferon-beta via apoptotic pathway in the metastatic mouse model of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5985-99. [PMID: 26716512 PMCID: PMC4868735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an approach to improve treatment of breast cancer metastasis to the brain, we employed genetically engineered stem cells (GESTECs, HB1.F3 cells) consisting of neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing cytosine deaminase and the interferon-beta genes, HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β. In this model, MDA-MB-231/Luc breast cancer cells were implanted in the right hemisphere of the mouse brain, while pre-stained GESTECs with redfluorescence were implanted in the contralateral brain. Two days after stem cells injection, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was administrated via intraperitoneal injection. Histological analysis of extracted brain confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of GESTECs in the presence of 5-FC based on reductions in density and aggressive tendency of breast cancer cells, as well as pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis relative to a negative control. Additionally, expression of PCNA decreased in the stem cells treated group. Treatment of breast cancer cells with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) increased the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative factor, BAX and p21 protein through phosphorylation of p53 and p38. Moreover, analysis of stem cell migratory ability revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells endogenously secreted VEGF, and stem cells expressed their receptor (VEGFR2). To confirm the role of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in tumor tropism of stem cells, samples were treated with the VEGFR2 inhibitor, KRN633. The number of migrated stem cells decreased significantly in response to KRN633 due to Erk1/2 activation and PI3K/Akt inhibition. Taken together, these results indicate that treatment with GESTECs, particularly HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β co-expressing CD.IFN-β, may be a useful strategy for treating breast cancer metastasis to the brain in the presence of a prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,TheraCell Bio and Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Heo JR, Kim NH, Cho J, Choi KC. Current treatments for advanced melanoma and introduction of a promising novel gene therapy for melanoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1779-86. [PMID: 27573048 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a fatal form of skin cancer that has a tendency to proliferate more rapidly than any other solid tumor. Since 2010, treatment options for metastatic melanoma have been developed including chemotherapies, checkpoint inhibition immunotherapies, e.g., anti‑cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen‑4 (CTLA‑4) and anti‑programmed death‑1 (PD‑1), and molecular-targeted therapies, e.g., BRAF and MEK inhibitors. These treatments have shown not only high response rates yet also side‑effects and limitations. Notwithstanding its limitations, stem cell therapy has emerged as a new auspicious therapy for various tumor types. Since stem cells possess the ability to serve as a novel vehicle for delivering therapeutic or suicide genes to primary or metastatic cancer sites, these cells can function as part of gene‑directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT). This review focuses on introducing engineered neural stem cells (NSCs), which have tumor‑tropic behavior that allows NSCs to selectively approach primary and invasive tumor foci, as a potential gene therapy for melanoma. Therapy using engineered NSCs with cytotoxic agents resulted in markedly reduced tumor volumes and significantly prolonged survival rates in preclinical models of various tumor types. This review elucidates current treatment options for metastatic melanoma and introduces a promising NSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rim Heo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Park GT, Kim SU, Choi KC. Anti-proliferative Effect of Engineered Neural Stem Cells Expressing Cytosine Deaminase and Interferon-β against Lymph Node-Derived Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in Cellular and Xenograft Mouse Models. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:79-91. [PMID: 27188205 PMCID: PMC5266401 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Genetically engineered stem cells may be advantageous for gene therapy against various human cancers due to their inherent tumor-tropic properties. In this study, genetically engineered human neural stem cells (HB1.F3) expressing Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) (HB1.F3.CD) and human interferon-β (IFN-β) (HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β) were employed against lymph node–derived metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods CD can convert a prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), to active 5-fluorouracil, which inhibits tumor growth through the inhibition of DNA synthesis,while IFN-β also strongly inhibits tumor growth by inducing the apoptotic process. In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, we confirmed that HB1.F3.CD cells expressed the CD gene and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells expressed both CD and IFN-β genes. Results In results of a modified trans-well migration assay, HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells selectively migrated toward SW-620, human lymph node–derived metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The viability of SW-620 cells was significantly reduced when co-cultured with HB1.F3.CD or HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells in the presence of 5-FC. In addition, it was found that the tumor-tropic properties of these engineered human neural stem cells (hNSCs) were attributed to chemoattractant molecules including stromal cell-derived factor 1, c-Kit, urokinase receptor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 secreted by SW-620 cells. In a xenograft mouse model, treatment with hNSC resulted in significantly inhibited growth of the tumor mass without virulent effects on the animals. Conclusion The current results indicate that engineered hNSCs and a prodrug treatment inhibited the growth of SW-620 cells. Therefore, hNSC therapy may be a clinically effective tool for the treatment of lymph node metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Tae Park
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Korea
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Chiotaki R, Polioudaki H, Theodoropoulos PA. Stem cell technology in breast cancer: current status and potential applications. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 9:17-29. [PMID: 27217783 PMCID: PMC4853137 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s72836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer among females, is supported by the presence of a rare subset of undifferentiated cells within the tumor, identified as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs underlie the mechanisms of tumor initiation and sustenance and are implicated in the dissemination of the primary tumor to metastatic sites, as they have been found circulating in the blood of breast cancer patients. The discovery of BCSCs has generated a great amount of interest among the scientific community toward their isolation, molecular characterization, and therapeutic targeting. In this review, after summarizing the literature on molecular characterization of BCSCs and methodologies used for their isolation, we will focus on recent data supporting their molecular and functional heterogeneity. Additionally, following a synopsis of the latest approaches for BCSC targeting, we will specifically emphasize on the therapeutic use of naïve or engineered normal stem cells in the treatment of breast cancer and present contradictory findings challenging their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Chiotaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Hara Polioudaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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30
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Truong SN, Van Pham P. Stem cell technology and engineering for cancer treatment. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yi BR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Additional effects of engineered stem cells expressing a therapeutic gene and interferon-β in a xenograft mouse model of endometrial cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:171-8. [PMID: 25963746 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in women worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of neural stem cell-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (NDEPT) designed to more selectively target endometrial cancer. For this, we employed two different types of neural stem cells (NSCs), HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells. Cytosine deaminase (CD) can convert the non-toxic prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), into a toxic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which inhibits DNA synthesis. IFN-β is a powerful cytotoxic cytokine that is released by activated immune cells or lymphocytes. In an animal model xenografted with endometrial Ishikawa cancer cells, the stem cells stained with CM-DiI were injected into nearby tumor masses and 5-FC was delivered by intraperitoneal injection. Co-expression of CD and IFN-β significantly inhibited the growth of cancer (~50-60%) in the presence of 5-FC. Among migration-induced factors, VEGF gene was highly expressed in endometrial cancer cells. Histological analysis showed that the aggressive nature of cancer was inhibited by 5-FC in the mice treated with the therapeutic stem cells. Furthermore, PCNA expression was more decreased in HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β treated mice rather than HB1.F3.CD treated mice. To confirm the in vitro combined effects of 5-FU and IFN-β, 5-FU was treated in Ishikawa cells. 5-FU increased the IFN-β/receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and BXA levels, indicating that 5-FU increased sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to IFN-β, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the efficacy of therapeutic stem cell-based immune therapy involving the targeted expression of CD and IFN-β genes at endometrial cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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KIM YESEUL, HWANG KYUNGA, GO RYEOEUN, KIM CHOWON, CHOI KYUNGCHUL. Gene therapy strategies using engineered stem cells for treating gynecologic and breast cancer patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2107-12. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nouri FS, Wang X, Hatefi A. Genetically engineered theranostic mesenchymal stem cells for the evaluation of the anticancer efficacy of enzyme/prodrug systems. J Control Release 2015; 200:179-87. [PMID: 25575867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, various enzyme/prodrug systems such as thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (TK/GCV), yeast cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (yCD/5-FC) and nitroreductase/CB1954 (NTR/CB1954) have been used for stem cell mediated suicide gene therapy of cancer. Yet, no study has been conducted to compare and demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using one system over another. Knowing that each enzyme/prodrug system has its own strengths and weaknesses, we utilized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a medium to perform for the first time a comparative study that illustrated the impact of subtle differences among these systems on the therapeutic outcome. For therapeutic purposes, we first genetically modified MSCs to stably express a panel of four suicide genes including TK (TK007 and TK(SR39) mutants), yeast cytosine deaminase:uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (yCD:UPRT) and nitroreductase (NTR). Then, we evaluated the anticancer efficacies of the genetically engineered MSCs in vitro and in vivo by using SKOV3 cell line which is sensitive to all four enzyme/prodrug systems. In addition, all MSCs were engineered to stably express luciferase gene making them suitable for quantitative imaging and dose-response relationship studies in animals. Considering the limitations imposed by the prodrugs' bystander effects, our findings show that yCD:UPRT/5-FC is the most effective enzyme/prodrug system among the ones tested. Our findings also demonstrate that theranostic MSCs are a reliable medium for the side-by-side evaluation and screening of the enzyme/prodrug systems at the preclinical level. The results of this study could help scientists who utilize cell-based, non-viral or viral vectors for suicide gene therapy of cancer make more informed decisions when choosing enzyme/prodrug systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Salman Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies are emerging as a promising strategy to tackle cancer. Multiple stem cell types have been shown to exhibit inherent tropism towards tumours. Moreover, when engineered to express therapeutic agents, these pathotropic delivery vehicles can effectively target sites of malignancy. This perspective considers the current status of stem cell-based treatments for cancer and provides a rationale for translating the most promising preclinical studies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Stuckey
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory and the Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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