1
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Jensen AMG, Raska J, Fojtik P, Monti G, Lunding M, Bartova S, Pospisilova V, van der Lee SJ, Van Dongen J, Bossaerts L, Van Broeckhoven C, Dols-Icardo O, Lléo A, Bellini S, Ghidoni R, Hulsman M, Petsko GA, Sleegers K, Bohaciakova D, Holstege H, Andersen OM. The SORL1 p.Y1816C variant causes impaired endosomal dimerization and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2408262121. [PMID: 39226352 PMCID: PMC11406263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408262121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Truncating genetic variants of SORL1, encoding the endosome recycling receptor SORLA, have been accepted as causal of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, most genetic variants observed in SORL1 are missense variants, for which it is complicated to determine the pathogenicity level because carriers come from pedigrees too small to be informative for penetrance estimations. Here, we describe three unrelated families in which the SORL1 coding missense variant rs772677709, that leads to a p.Y1816C substitution, segregates with Alzheimer's disease. Further, we investigate the effect of SORLA p.Y1816C on receptor maturation, cellular localization, and trafficking in cell-based assays. Under physiological circumstances, SORLA dimerizes within the endosome, allowing retromer-dependent trafficking from the endosome to the cell surface, where the luminal part is shed into the extracellular space (sSORLA). Our results showed that the p.Y1816C mutant impairs SORLA homodimerization in the endosome, leading to decreased trafficking to the cell surface and less sSORLA shedding. These trafficking defects of the mutant receptor can be rescued by the expression of the SORLA 3Fn-minireceptor. Finally, we find that iPSC-derived neurons with the engineered p.Y1816C mutation have enlarged endosomes, a defining cytopathology of AD. Our studies provide genetic as well as functional evidence that the SORL1 p.Y1816C variant is causal for AD. The partial penetrance of the mutation suggests this mutation should be considered in clinical genetic screening of multiplex early-onset AD families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Fojtik
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK8000, Denmark
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giulia Monti
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK8000, Denmark
| | - Melanie Lunding
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK8000, Denmark
| | - Simona Bartova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Van Dongen
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liene Bossaerts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lléo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau-Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory A Petsko
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK8000, Denmark
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2
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Rabeling A, van der Hoven A, Andersen N, Goolam M. Neural Tube Organoids: A Novel System to Study Developmental Timing. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10785-5. [PMID: 39230820 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The neural tube (NT) is a transient structure formed during embryogenesis which develops into the brain and spinal cord. While mouse models have been commonly used in place of human embryos to study NT development, species-specific differences limit their applicability. One major difference is developmental timing, with NT formation from the neural plate in 16 days in humans compared to 4 days in mice, as well as differences in the time taken to form neuronal subtypes and complete neurogenesis. Neural tube organoids (NTOs) represent a new way to study NT development in vitro. While mouse and human NTOs have been shown to recapitulate the major developmental events of NT formation; it is unknown whether species-specific developmental timing, also termed allochrony, is also recapitulated. This review summarises current research using both mouse and human NTOs and compares developmental timing events in order to assess if allochrony is maintained in organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Rabeling
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy van der Hoven
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nathalie Andersen
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mubeen Goolam
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
- UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
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3
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Takaoka S, Uchida F, Ishikawa H, Toyomura J, Ohyama A, Matsumura H, Hirata K, Fukuzawa S, Kanno NI, Marushima A, Yamagata K, Yanagawa T, Matsumaru Y, Ishikawa E, Bukawa H. Sequencing-based study of neural induction of human dental pulp stem cells. Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01121-7. [PMID: 39210197 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Techniques for triggering neural differentiation of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells into neural stem cells and neurons have been established. However, neural induction of mesenchymal stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), has been assessed primarily based on neural-related gene regulation, and detailed studies into the characteristics and differentiation status of cells are lacking. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the cellular components and differentiation pathways of neural lineage cells obtained via neural induction of human DPSCs. Human DPSCs were induced to neural cells in monolayer culture and examined for gene expression and mechanisms underlying differentiation using microarray-based ingenuity pathway analysis. In addition, the neural lineage cells were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to classify cell populations based on gene expression profiles and to elucidate their differentiation pathways. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that genes exhibiting marked overexpression, post-neuronal induction, such as FABP7 and ZIC1, were associated with neurogenesis. Furthermore, in canonical pathway analysis, axon guidance signals demonstrated maximum activation. The scRNA-seq and cell type annotations revealed the presence of neural progenitor cells, astrocytes, neurons, and a small number of non-neural lineage cells. Moreover, trajectory and pseudotime analyses demonstrated that the neural progenitor cells initially engendered neurons, which subsequently differentiated into astrocytes. This result indicates that the aforementioned neural induction strategy generated neural stem/progenitor cells from DPSCs, which might differentiate and proliferate to constitute neural lineage cells. Therefore, neural induction of DPSCs may present an alternative approach to pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutic interventions for nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junko Toyomura
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsumura
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hirata
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishibashi Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aiki Marushima
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumaru
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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4
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Banks E, Francis V, Lin SJ, Kharfallah F, Fonov V, Lévesque M, Han C, Kulasekaran G, Tuznik M, Bayati A, Al-Khater R, Alkuraya FS, Argyriou L, Babaei M, Bahlo M, Bakhshoodeh B, Barr E, Bartik L, Bassiony M, Bertrand M, Braun D, Buchert R, Budetta M, Cadieux-Dion M, Calame DG, Cope H, Cushing D, Efthymiou S, Elmaksoud MA, El Said HG, Froukh T, Gill HK, Gleeson JG, Gogoll L, Goh ESY, Gowda VK, Haack TB, Hashem MO, Hauser S, Hoffman TL, Hogue JS, Hosokawa A, Houlden H, Huang K, Huynh S, Karimiani EG, Kaulfuß S, Korenke GC, Kritzer A, Lee H, Lupski JR, Marco EJ, McWalter K, Minassian A, Minassian BA, Murphy D, Neira-Fresneda J, Northrup H, Nyaga DM, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Osmond M, Person R, Pehlivan D, Petree C, Sadleir LG, Saunders C, Schoels L, Shashi V, Spillmann RC, Srinivasan VM, Torbati PN, Tos T, Zaki MS, Zhou D, Zweier C, Trempe JF, Durcan TM, Gan-Or Z, Avoli M, Alves C, Varshney GK, Maroofian R, Rudko DA, McPherson PS. Loss of symmetric cell division of apical neural progenitors drives DENND5A-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7239. [PMID: 39174524 PMCID: PMC11341845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) feature altered brain development, developmental delay and seizures, with seizures exacerbating developmental delay. Here we identify a cohort with biallelic variants in DENND5A, encoding a membrane trafficking protein, and develop animal models with phenotypes like the human syndrome. We demonstrate that DENND5A interacts with Pals1/MUPP1, components of the Crumbs apical polarity complex required for symmetrical division of neural progenitor cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cells lacking DENND5A fail to undergo symmetric cell division with an inherent propensity to differentiate into neurons. These phenotypes result from misalignment of the mitotic spindle in apical neural progenitors. Cells lacking DENND5A orient away from the proliferative apical domain surrounding the ventricles, biasing daughter cells towards a more fate-committed state, ultimately shortening the period of neurogenesis. This study provides a mechanism for DENND5A-related DEE that may be generalizable to other developmental conditions and provides variant-specific clinical information for physicians and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Fares Kharfallah
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vladimir Fonov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Lévesque
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chanshuai Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marius Tuznik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Armin Bayati
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loukas Argyriou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meisam Babaei
- Department of Pediatrics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eileen Barr
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren Bartik
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Miriam Bertrand
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominique Braun
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mauro Budetta
- Paediatric and Child Neurology Unit, Cava de' Tirreni AOU S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggiero d'Aragona Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maxime Cadieux-Dion
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Cope
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donna Cushing
- Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marwa Abd Elmaksoud
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Huda G El Said
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Harinder K Gill
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program at BC Women's Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elaine S-Y Goh
- Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mais O Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Hauser
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Department of Regional Genetics, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, CA, USA
| | | | - Akimoto Hosokawa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kevin Huang
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stephanie Huynh
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program at BC Women's Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ehsan G Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Christoph Korenke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Amy Kritzer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- 3billion Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Arakel Minassian
- Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics, and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Denis M Nyaga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Carol Saunders
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ludger Schoels
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Spillmann
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paria N Torbati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tulay Tos
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Zubeyde Hanim Research and Training Hospital of Women's Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dihong Zhou
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cesar Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David A Rudko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, the Neuro, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Mayfield JM, Hitefield NL, Czajewski I, Vanhye L, Holden L, Morava E, van Aalten DMF, Wells L. O-GlcNAc transferase congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG): Potential mechanistic targets revealed by evaluating the OGT interactome. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107599. [PMID: 39059494 PMCID: PMC11381892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the sole enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification of O-GlcNAc on thousands of target nucleocytoplasmic proteins. To date, nine variants of OGT that segregate with OGT Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG) have been reported and characterized. Numerous additional variants have been associated with OGT-CDG, some of which are currently undergoing investigation. This disorder primarily presents with global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), alongside other variable neurological features and subtle facial dysmorphisms in patients. Several hypotheses aim to explain the etiology of OGT-CDG, with a prominent hypothesis attributing the pathophysiology of OGT-CDG to mutations segregating with this disorder disrupting the OGT interactome. The OGT interactome consists of thousands of proteins, including substrates as well as interactors that require noncatalytic functions of OGT. A key aim in the field is to identify which interactors and substrates contribute to the primarily neural-specific phenotype of OGT-CDG. In this review, we will discuss the heterogenous phenotypic features of OGT-CDG seen clinically, the variable biochemical effects of mutations associated with OGT-CDG, and the use of animal models to understand this disorder. Furthermore, we will discuss how previously identified OGT interactors causal for ID provide mechanistic targets for investigation that could explain the dysregulated gene expression seen in OGT-CDG models. Identifying shared or unique altered pathways impacted in OGT-CDG patients will provide a better understanding of the disorder as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan M Mayfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Naomi L Hitefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lotte Vanhye
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Holden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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6
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Murray M, Davidson L, Ferenbach AT, Lefeber D, van Aalten DMF. Neuroectoderm phenotypes in a human stem cell model of O-GlcNAc transferase associated with intellectual disability. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108492. [PMID: 38759397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the O-GlcNAc transferase gene (OGT) have been associated with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), presenting with intellectual disability which may be of neuroectodermal origin. To test the hypothesis that pathology is linked to defects in differentiation during early embryogenesis, we developed an OGT-CDG induced pluripotent stem cell line together with isogenic control generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing. Although the OGT-CDG variant leads to a significant decrease in OGT and O-GlcNAcase protein levels, there were no changes in differentiation potential or stemness. However, differentiation into ectoderm resulted in significant differences in O-GlcNAc homeostasis. Further differentiation to neuronal stem cells revealed differences in morphology between patient and control lines, accompanied by disruption of the O-GlcNAc pathway. This suggests a critical role for O-GlcNAcylation in early neuroectoderm architecture, with robust compensatory mechanisms in the earliest stages of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murray
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK, Denmark
| | - Dirk Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, NL, the Netherlands
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK, Denmark.
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7
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Kadakova S, Raska J, Hribkova H, Fedorova V, Sedmik J, Plesingrova K, Sheardova K, Bohaciakova D. Generation of the Human iPSC Line from Spontaneous Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Patient with ApoE3/3 Genotype and Sex-, Age-, and ApoE-Matched Healthy Control. Stem Cell Res 2024; 74:103273. [PMID: 38100913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from a patient diagnosed with spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) carrying ApoE3/3 gene and one age-, sex-, and ApoE-matched healthy control. Reprogramming was done using a commercially available Epi5 Reprogramming Kit containing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28, and L-MYC as reprogramming factors. The pluripotency of the iPSC lines was verified by the expression of pluripotency markers and by their capacity to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers in vitro. These newly established iPSC lines offer a valuable platform for in vitro modeling of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Kadakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Plesingrova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sheardova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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8
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Banks E, Francis V, Lin SJ, Kharfallah F, Fonov V, Levesque M, Han C, Kulasekaran G, Tuznik M, Bayati A, Al-Khater R, Alkuraya FS, Argyriou L, Babaei M, Bahlo M, Bakhshoodeh B, Barr E, Bartik L, Bassiony M, Bertrand M, Braun D, Buchert R, Budetta M, Cadieux-Dion M, Calame D, Cope H, Cushing D, Efthymiou S, Elmaksoud MA, El Said HG, Froukh T, Gill HK, Gleeson JG, Gogoll L, Goh ESY, Gowda VK, Haack TB, Hashem MO, Hauser S, Hoffman TL, Hogue JS, Hosokawa A, Houlden H, Huang K, Huynh S, Karimiani EG, Kaulfuß S, Korenke GC, Kritzer A, Lee H, Lupski JR, Marco EJ, McWalter K, Minassian A, Minassian BA, Murphy D, Neira-Fresneda J, Northrup H, Nyaga D, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Osmond M, Person R, Pehlivan D, Petree C, Sadleir LG, Saunders C, Schoels L, Shashi V, Spillman RC, Srinivasan VM, Torbati PN, Tos T, Zaki MS, Zhou D, Zweier C, Trempe JF, Durcan TM, Gan-Or Z, Avoli M, Alves C, Varshney GK, Maroofian R, Rudko DA, McPherson PS. Loss of symmetric cell division of apical neural progenitors drives DENND5A-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2022.08.23.22278845. [PMID: 38352438 PMCID: PMC10863025 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.23.22278845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogenous group of epilepsies in which altered brain development leads to developmental delay and seizures, with the epileptic activity further negatively impacting neurodevelopment. Identifying the underlying cause of DEEs is essential for progress toward precision therapies. Here we describe a group of individuals with biallelic variants in DENND5A and determine that variant type is correlated with disease severity. We demonstrate that DENND5A interacts with MUPP1 and PALS1, components of the Crumbs apical polarity complex, which is required for both neural progenitor cell identity and the ability of these stem cells to divide symmetrically. Induced pluripotent stem cells lacking DENND5A fail to undergo symmetric cell division during neural induction and have an inherent propensity to differentiate into neurons, and transgenic DENND5A mice, with phenotypes like the human syndrome, have an increased number of neurons in the adult subventricular zone. Disruption of symmetric cell division following loss of DENND5A results from misalignment of the mitotic spindle in apical neural progenitors. A subset of DENND5A is localized to centrosomes, which define the spindle poles during mitosis. Cells lacking DENND5A orient away from the proliferative apical domain surrounding the ventricles, biasing daughter cells towards a more fate-committed state and ultimately shortening the period of neurogenesis. This study provides a mechanism behind DENND5A-related DEE that may be generalizable to other developmental conditions and provides variant-specific clinical information for physicians and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Fares Kharfallah
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Vladimir Fonov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maxime Levesque
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chanshuai Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marius Tuznik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Armin Bayati
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Reem Al-Khater
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loukas Argyriou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Meisam Babaei
- Department of Pediatrics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Eileen Barr
- Emory University, Department of Human Genetics, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lauren Bartik
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Miriam Bertrand
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dominique Braun
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Mauro Budetta
- Paediatric and Child Neurology Unit, Cava de' Tirreni AOU S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggiero d'Aragona Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maxime Cadieux-Dion
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Daniel Calame
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Cope
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donna Cushing
- Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marwa A Elmaksoud
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Huda G El Said
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Harinder K Gill
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program at BC Women's Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elaine S-Y Goh
- Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Mais O Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Department of Regional Genetics, Anaheim, CA 92806, USA
| | | | - Akimoto Hosokawa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kevin Huang
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stephanie Huynh
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program at BC Women's Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Ehsan G Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - G Christoph Korenke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26133, Germany
| | - Amy Kritzer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- 3billion, Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Arakel Minassian
- Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics, and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Denis Nyaga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Carol Saunders
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine Children's Mercy - Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ludger Schoels
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca C Spillman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Paria N Torbati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tulay Tos
- University of Health Sciences, Zubeyde Hanim Research and Training Hospital of Women's Health and Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara 06080, Turkey
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dihong Zhou
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cesar Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guarav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David A Rudko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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9
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Inskeep KA, Crase B, Stottmann RW. SMPD4 mediated sphingolipid metabolism regulates brain and primary cilia development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571873. [PMID: 38168190 PMCID: PMC10760124 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants in multiple sphingolipid biosynthesis genes cause human brain disorders. A recent study collected patients from twelve unrelated families with variants in the gene SMPD4 , a neutral sphingomyelinase which metabolizes sphingomyelin into ceramide at an early stage of the biosynthesis pathway. These patients have severe developmental brain malformations including microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. However, the mechanism of SMPD4 was not known and we pursued a new mouse model. We hypothesized that the role of SMPD4 in producing ceramide is important for making primary cilia, a crucial organelle mediating cellular signaling. We found that the mouse model has cerebellar hypoplasia due to failure of Purkinje cell development. Human induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit neural progenitor cell death and have shortened primary cilia which is rescued by adding exogenous ceramide. SMPD4 production of ceramide is crucial for human brain development.
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10
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Vanova T, Sedmik J, Raska J, Amruz Cerna K, Taus P, Pospisilova V, Nezvedova M, Fedorova V, Kadakova S, Klimova H, Capandova M, Orviska P, Fojtik P, Bartova S, Plevova K, Spacil Z, Hribkova H, Bohaciakova D. Cerebral organoids derived from patients with Alzheimer's disease with PSEN1/2 mutations have defective tissue patterning and altered development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113310. [PMID: 37864790 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely used to study human neural development and disease. Especially in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), remarkable effort has been put into investigating molecular mechanisms behind this disease. Then, with the advent of 3D neuronal cultures and cerebral organoids (COs), several studies have demonstrated that this model can adequately mimic familial and sporadic AD. Therefore, we created an AD-CO model using iPSCs derived from patients with familial AD forms and explored early events and the progression of AD pathogenesis. Our study demonstrated that COs derived from three AD-iPSC lines with PSEN1(A246E) or PSEN2(N141I) mutations developed the AD-specific markers in vitro, yet they also uncover tissue patterning defects and altered development. These findings are complemented by single-cell sequencing data confirming this observation and uncovering that neurons in AD-COs likely differentiate prematurely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Amruz Cerna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Taus
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Nezvedova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kadakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Klimova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Capandova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Orviska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Fojtik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Bartova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Spacil
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Martins‐Costa C, Pham VA, Sidhaye J, Novatchkova M, Wiegers A, Peer A, Möseneder P, Corsini NS, Knoblich JA. Morphogenesis and development of human telencephalic organoids in the absence and presence of exogenous extracellular matrix. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113213. [PMID: 37842725 PMCID: PMC10646563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of apical-basal polarity is a fundamental step in brain development, instructing the organization of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the developing cerebral cortex. Particularly, basally located extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for this process. In vitro, epithelial polarization can be achieved via endogenous ECM production, or exogenous ECM supplementation. While neuroepithelial development is recapitulated in neural organoids, the effects of different ECM sources in tissue morphogenesis remain underexplored. Here, we show that exposure to a solubilized basement membrane matrix substrate, Matrigel, at early neuroepithelial stages causes rapid tissue polarization and rearrangement of neuroepithelial architecture. In cultures exposed to pure ECM components or unexposed to any exogenous ECM, polarity acquisition is slower and driven by endogenous ECM production. After the onset of neurogenesis, tissue architecture and neuronal differentiation are largely independent of the initial ECM source, but Matrigel exposure has long-lasting effects on tissue patterning. These results advance the knowledge on mechanisms of exogenously and endogenously guided morphogenesis, demonstrating the self-sustainability of neuroepithelial cultures by endogenous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Martins‐Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD ProgramDoctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Vincent A Pham
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Jaydeep Sidhaye
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Wiegers
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Angela Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Paul Möseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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12
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Xu Z, Liu S, Xue X, Li W, Fu J, Deng CX. Rapid responses of human pluripotent stem cells to cyclic mechanical strains applied to integrin by acoustic tweezing cytometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18030. [PMID: 37865697 PMCID: PMC10590420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic tweezing cytometry (ATC) is an ultrasound-based biophysical technique that has shown the capability to promote differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This study systematically examined how hPSCs respond to cyclic mechanical strains applied by ATC via displacement of integrin-bound microbubbles (averaged diameter of 4.3 µm) using ultrasound pulses (acoustic pressure 0.034 MPa, center frequency 1.24 MHz and pulse repetition frequency 1 Hz). Our data show downregulation of pluripotency marker Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) by at least 10% and increased nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) by almost 100% in hPSCs immediately after ATC application for as short as 1 min and 5 min respectively. Analysis of the movements of integrin-anchored microbubbles under ATC stimulations reveals different stages of viscoelastic characteristic behavior and increasing deformation of the integrin-cytoskeleton (CSK) linkage. The peak displacement of integrin-bound microbubbles increased from 1.45 ± 0.16 to 4.74 ± 0.67 μm as the duty cycle of ultrasound pulses increased from 5% to 50% or the duration of each ultrasound pulse increased from 0.05 to 0.5 s. Real-time tracking of integrin-bound microbubbles during ATC application detects high correlation of microbubble displacements with OCT4 downregulation in hPSCs. Together, our data showing fast downregulation of OCT4 in hPSCs in respond to ATC stimulations highlight the unique mechanosensitivity of hPSCs to integrin-targeted cyclic force/strain dependent on the pulse duration or duty cycle of ultrasound pulses, providing insights into the mechanism of ATC-induced accelerated differentiation of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Cheri X Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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13
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Rabeling A, Goolam M. Cerebral organoids as an in vitro model to study autism spectrum disorders. Gene Ther 2023; 30:659-669. [PMID: 35790793 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a set of disorders characterised by social and communication deficits caused by numerous genetic lesions affecting brain development. Progress in ASD research has been hampered by the lack of appropriate models, as both 2D cell culture as well as animal models cannot fully recapitulate the developing human brain or the pathogenesis of ASD. Recently, cerebral organoids have been developed to provide a more accurate, 3D in vitro model of human brain development. Cerebral organoids have been shown to recapitulate the foetal brain gene expression profile, transcriptome, epigenome, as well as disease dynamics of both idiopathic and syndromic ASDs. They are thus an excellent tool to investigate development of foetal stage ASDs, as well as interventions that can reverse or rescue the altered phenotypes observed. In this review, we discuss the development of cerebral organoids, their recent applications in the study of both syndromic and idiopathic ASDs, their use as an ASD drug development platform, as well as limitations of their use in ASD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Rabeling
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Mubeen Goolam
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
- UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
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14
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Miotto M, Rosito M, Paoluzzi M, de Turris V, Folli V, Leonetti M, Ruocco G, Rosa A, Gosti G. Collective behavior and self-organization in neural rosette morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1134091. [PMID: 37635866 PMCID: PMC10448396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1134091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural rosettes develop from the self-organization of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells. This process mimics the emergence of the embryonic central nervous system primordium, i.e., the neural tube, whose formation is under close investigation as errors during such process result in severe diseases like spina bifida and anencephaly. While neural tube formation is recognized as an example of self-organization, we still do not understand the fundamental mechanisms guiding the process. Here, we discuss the different theoretical frameworks that have been proposed to explain self-organization in morphogenesis. We show that an explanation based exclusively on stem cell differentiation cannot describe the emergence of spatial organization, and an explanation based on patterning models cannot explain how different groups of cells can collectively migrate and produce the mechanical transformations required to generate the neural tube. We conclude that neural rosette development is a relevant experimental 2D in-vitro model of morphogenesis because it is a multi-scale self-organization process that involves both cell differentiation and tissue development. Ultimately, to understand rosette formation, we first need to fully understand the complex interplay between growth, migration, cytoarchitecture organization, and cell type evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Miotto
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosito
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoluzzi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Folli
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- D-TAILS srl, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Leonetti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- D-TAILS srl, Rome, Italy
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gosti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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15
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Binó L, Čajánek L. Tau tubulin kinase 1 and 2 regulate ciliogenesis and human pluripotent stem cells-derived neural rosettes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12884. [PMID: 37558899 PMCID: PMC10412607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are key regulators of embryo development and tissue homeostasis. However, their mechanisms and functions, particularly in the context of human cells, are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the consequences of primary cilia modulation for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) proliferation and differentiation. We report that neither activation of the cilia-associated Hedgehog signaling pathway nor ablation of primary cilia by CRISPR gene editing to knockout Tau Tubulin Kinase 2 (TTBK2), a crucial ciliogenesis regulator, affects the self-renewal of hPSCs. Further, we show that TTBK1, a related kinase without previous links to ciliogenesis, is upregulated during hPSCs-derived neural rosette differentiation. Importantly, we demonstrate that while TTBK1 fails to localize to the mother centriole, it regulates primary cilia formation in the differentiated, but not the undifferentiated hPSCs. Finally, we show that TTBK1/2 and primary cilia are implicated in the regulation of the size of hPSCs-derived neural rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Binó
- Laboratory of Cilia and Centrosome Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čajánek
- Laboratory of Cilia and Centrosome Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Hong H, Yoon SB, Park JE, Lee JI, Kim HY, Nam HJ, Cho H. MeCP2 dysfunction prevents proper BMP signaling and neural progenitor expansion in brain organoid. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37302988 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sporadic mutations in MeCP2 are a hallmark of Rett syndrome (RTT). Many RTT brain organoid models have exhibited pathogenic phenotypes such as decreased spine density and small size of soma with altered electrophysiological signals. However, previous models are mainly focused on the phenotypes observed in the late phase and rarely provide clues for the defect of neural progenitors which generate different types of neurons and glial cells. METHODS We newly established the RTT brain organoid model derived from MeCP2-truncated iPS cells which were genetically engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By immunofluorescence imaging, we studied the development of NPC pool and its fate specification into glutamatergic neurons or astrocytes in RTT organoids. By total RNA sequencing, we investigated which signaling pathways were altered during the early brain development in RTT organoids. RESULTS Dysfunction of MeCP2 caused the defect of neural rosette formation in the early phase of cortical development. In total transcriptome analysis, BMP pathway-related genes are highly associated with MeCP2 depletion. Moreover, levels of pSMAD1/5 and BMP target genes are excessively increased, and treatment of BMP inhibitors partially rescues the cell cycle progression of neural progenitors. Subsequently, MeCP2 dysfunction reduced the glutamatergic neurogenesis and induced overproduction of astrocytes. Nevertheless, early inhibition of BMP pathway rescued VGLUT1 expression and suppressed astrocyte maturation. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that MeCP2 is required for the expansion of neural progenitor cells by modulating BMP pathway at early stages of development, and this influence persists during neurogenesis and gliogenesis at later stages of brain organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Hong
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Bom Yoon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung In Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Nam
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Nemergut M, Marques SM, Uhrik L, Vanova T, Nezvedova M, Gadara DC, Jha D, Tulis J, Novakova V, Planas-Iglesias J, Kunka A, Legrand A, Hribkova H, Pospisilova V, Sedmik J, Raska J, Prokop Z, Damborsky J, Bohaciakova D, Spacil Z, Hernychova L, Bednar D, Marek M. Domino-like effect of C112R mutation on ApoE4 aggregation and its reduction by Alzheimer's Disease drug candidate. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:38. [PMID: 37280636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 genotype is the most prevalent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although ApoE4 differs from its non-pathological ApoE3 isoform only by the C112R mutation, the molecular mechanism of its proteinopathy is unknown. METHODS Here, we reveal the molecular mechanism of ApoE4 aggregation using a combination of experimental and computational techniques, including X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, hydrogen-deuterium mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), static light scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. Treatment of ApoE ε3/ε3 and ε4/ε4 cerebral organoids with tramiprosate was used to compare the effect of tramiprosate on ApoE4 aggregation at the cellular level. RESULTS We found that C112R substitution in ApoE4 induces long-distance (> 15 Å) conformational changes leading to the formation of a V-shaped dimeric unit that is geometrically different and more aggregation-prone than the ApoE3 structure. AD drug candidate tramiprosate and its metabolite 3-sulfopropanoic acid induce ApoE3-like conformational behavior in ApoE4 and reduce its aggregation propensity. Analysis of ApoE ε4/ε4 cerebral organoids treated with tramiprosate revealed its effect on cholesteryl esters, the storage products of excess cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Our results connect the ApoE4 structure with its aggregation propensity, providing a new druggable target for neurodegeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nemergut
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, Kosice, 04011, Slovakia
| | - Sérgio M Marques
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Uhrik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, 656 53, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Nezvedova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Durga Jha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tulis
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Joan Planas-Iglesias
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kunka
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Spacil
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Hernychova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, 656 53, Czech Republic.
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Marek
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
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18
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Fetit R, Barbato MI, Theil T, Pratt T, Price DJ. 16p11.2 deletion accelerates subpallial maturation and increases variability in human iPSC-derived ventral telencephalic organoids. Development 2023; 150:dev201227. [PMID: 36826401 PMCID: PMC10110424 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons regulate cortical circuit activity, and their dysfunction has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 16p11.2 microdeletions are genetically linked to 1% of ASD cases. However, few studies investigate the effects of this microdeletion on interneuron development. Using ventral telencephalic organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, we have investigated the effect of this microdeletion on organoid size, progenitor proliferation and organisation into neural rosettes, ganglionic eminence marker expression at early developmental timepoints, and expression of the neuronal marker NEUN at later stages. At early stages, deletion organoids exhibited greater variations in size with concomitant increases in relative neural rosette area and the expression of the ventral telencephalic marker COUPTFII, with increased variability in these properties. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in total cell cycle length caused primarily by an elongated G1 phase, the duration of which also varied more than normal. At later stages, deletion organoids increased their NEUN expression. We propose that 16p11.2 microdeletions increase developmental variability and may contribute to ASD aetiology by lengthening the cell cycle of ventral progenitors, promoting premature differentiation into interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fetit
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Michela Ilaria Barbato
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas Theil
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas Pratt
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - David J. Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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19
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Fedorova V, Pospisilova V, Vanova T, Amruz Cerna K, Abaffy P, Sedmik J, Raska J, Vochyanova S, Matusova Z, Houserova J, Valihrach L, Hodny Z, Bohaciakova D. Glioblastoma and cerebral organoids: development and analysis of an in vitro model for glioblastoma migration. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:647-663. [PMID: 36744875 PMCID: PMC10061278 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently challenging to adequately model the growth and migration of glioblastoma using two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture systems as they quickly lose the original, patient-specific identity and heterogeneity. However, with the advent of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cerebral organoids (COs), studies demonstrate that the glioblastoma-CO (GLICO) coculture model helps to preserve the phenotype of the patient-specific tissue. Here, we aimed to set up such a model using mature COs and develop a pipeline for subsequent analysis of cocultured glioblastoma. Our data demonstrate that the growth and migration of the glioblastoma cell line within the mature COs are significantly increased in the presence of extracellular matrix proteins, shortening the time needed for glioblastoma to initiate migration. We also describe in detail the method for the visualization and quantification of these migrating cells within the GLICO model. Lastly, we show that this coculture model (and the human brain-like microenvironment) can significantly transform the gene expression profile of the established U87 glioblastoma cell line into proneural and classical glioblastoma cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Amruz Cerna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Vochyanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Matusova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Houserova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Peng S, Wu Y, Zheng Y. High glucose causes developmental abnormalities in neuroepithelial cysts with actin and HK1 distribution changes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1021284. [PMID: 36684439 PMCID: PMC9852901 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1021284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the offspring of diabetic pregnant women have an increased risk for neural tube defects. Previous studies in animal models suggested that high glucose induces cell apoptosis and epigenetic changes in the developing neural tube. However, effects on other cellular aspects such as the cell shape changes were not fully investigated. Actin dynamics plays essential roles in cell shape change. Disruption on actin dynamics is known to cause neural tube defects. In the present study, we used a 3D neuroepithelial cyst model and a rosette model, both cultured from human embryonic stem cells, to study the cellular effects caused by high glucose. By using these models, we observed couple of new changes besides increased apoptosis. First, we observed that high glucose disturbed the distribution of pH3 positive cells in the neuroepithelial cysts. Secondly, we found that high glucose exposure caused a relatively smaller actin inner boundary enclosed area, which was unlikely due to osmolarity changes. We further investigated key glucose metabolic enzymes in our models and the results showed that the distribution of hexokinase1 (HK1) was affected by high glucose. We observed that hexokinase1 has an apical-basal polarized distribution and is highest next to actin at the boundaries. hexokinase1 was more diffused and distributed less polarized under high glucose condition. Together, our observations broadened the cellular effects that may be caused by high glucose in the developing neural tube, especially in the secondary neurulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Peng
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yufang Zheng,
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21
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Galiakberova AA, Brovkina OI, Kondratyev NV, Artyuhov AS, Momotyuk ED, Kulmukhametova ON, Lagunin AA, Shilov BV, Zadorozhny AD, Zakharov IS, Okorokova LS, Golimbet VE, Dashinimaev EB. Different iPSC-derived neural stem cells shows various spectrums of spontaneous differentiation during long term cultivation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1037902. [PMID: 37201156 PMCID: PMC10186475 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1037902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Culturing of human neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) is a promising area of research, as these cells have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, the development of optimal protocols for the production and long-term culturing of NSCs remains a challenge. One of the most important aspects of this problem is to determine the stability of NSCs during long-term in vitro passaging. To address this problem, our study was aimed at investigating the spontaneous differentiation profile in different iPSC-derived human NSCs cultures during long-term cultivation using. Methods Four different IPSC lines were used to generate NSC and spontaneously differentiated neural cultures using DUAL SMAD inhibition. These cells were analyzed at different passages using immunocytochemistry, qPCR, bulk transcriptomes and scRNA-seq. Results We found that various NSC lines generate significantly different spectrums of differentiated neural cells, which can also change significantly during long-term cultivation in vitro. Discussion Our results indicate that both internal (genetic and epigenetic) and external (conditions and duration of cultivation) factors influence the stability of NSCs. These results have important implications for the development of optimal NSCs culturing protocols and highlight the need to further investigate the factors influencing the stability of these cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelya Albertovna Galiakberova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Igorevna Brovkina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Sergeevich Artyuhov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Dmitrievna Momotyuk
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Aleksandrovich Lagunin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor Sergeevitch Zakharov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Erdem Bairovich Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- *Correspondence: Erdem Bairovich Dashinimaev,
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22
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Akter M, Ding B. Modeling Movement Disorders via Generation of hiPSC-Derived Motor Neurons. Cells 2022; 11:3796. [PMID: 36497056 PMCID: PMC9737271 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of motor neurons (MNs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) overcomes the limited access to human brain tissues and provides an unprecedent approach for modeling MN-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent progression in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of MN differentiation and their applications in the generation of MNs from hiPSCs, with a particular focus on two approaches: induction by small molecules and induction by lentiviral delivery of transcription factors. At each induction stage, different culture media and supplements, typical growth conditions and cellular morphology, and specific markers for validation of cell identity and quality control are specifically discussed. Both approaches can generate functional MNs. Currently, the major challenges in modeling neurological diseases using iPSC-derived neurons are: obtaining neurons with high purity and yield; long-term neuron culture to reach full maturation; and how to culture neurons more physiologically to maximize relevance to in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baojin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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23
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Samara A, Spildrejorde M, Sharma A, Falck M, Leithaug M, Modafferi S, Bjørnstad PM, Acharya G, Gervin K, Lyle R, Eskeland R. A multi-omics approach to visualize early neuronal differentiation from hESCs in 4D. iScience 2022; 25:105279. [PMID: 36304110 PMCID: PMC9593815 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an established method to study physiology, disease, and medication safety. However, the sequence of events in human neuronal differentiation and the ability of in vitro models to recapitulate early brain development are poorly understood. We developed a protocol optimized for the study of early human brain development and neuropharmacological applications. We comprehensively characterized gene expression and epigenetic profiles at four timepoints, because the cells differentiate from embryonic stem cells towards a heterogeneous population of progenitors, immature and mature neurons bearing telencephalic signatures. A multi-omics roadmap of neuronal differentiation, combined with searchable interactive gene analysis tools, allows for extensive exploration of early neuronal development and the effect of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Samara
- Division of Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children′s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari Spildrejorde
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Falck
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Modafferi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Marius Bjørnstad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, SE-14152 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Gervin
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Reprogramming cultured human fungiform (HBO) taste cells into neuron-like cells through in vitro induction. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:817-829. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Pospíšil J, Hrabovský M, Bohačiaková D, Hovádková Z, Jurásek M, Mlčoušková J, Paruch K, Nevolová Š, Damborsky J, Hampl A, Jaros J. Geometric Control of Cell Behavior by Biomolecule Nanodistribution. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4789-4806. [PMID: 36202388 PMCID: PMC9667466 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many dynamic interactions within the cell microenvironment
modulate
cell behavior and cell fate. However, the pathways and mechanisms
behind cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix interactions
remain understudied, as they occur at a nanoscale level. Recent progress
in nanotechnology allows for mimicking of the microenvironment at
nanoscale in vitro; electron-beam lithography (EBL)
is currently the most promising technique. Although this nanopatterning
technique can generate nanostructures of good quality and resolution,
it has resulted, thus far, in the production of only simple shapes
(e.g., rectangles) over a relatively small area (100 × 100 μm),
leaving its potential in biological applications unfulfilled. Here,
we used EBL for cell-interaction studies by coating cell-culture-relevant
material with electron-conductive indium tin oxide, which formed nanopatterns
of complex nanohexagonal structures over a large area (500 ×
500 μm). We confirmed the potential of EBL for use in cell-interaction
studies by analyzing specific cell responses toward differentially
distributed nanohexagons spaced at 1000, 500, and 250 nm. We found
that our optimized technique of EBL with HaloTags enabled the investigation
of broad changes to a cell-culture-relevant surface and can provide
an understanding of cellular signaling mechanisms at a single-molecule
level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Pospíšil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,Core Facility Cellular Imaging, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Hrabovský
- TESCAN Orsay Holding a.s., Libušina tř. 863, Brno 623 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dáša Bohačiaková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jarmila Mlčoušková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Nevolová
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jaros
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
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26
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Baldassari S, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fruscione F, Balagura G, Pelassa S, Musante I, Iacomino M, Traverso M, Corradi A, Scudieri P, Maura G, Marcoli M, Zara F. Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810545. [PMID: 36142455 PMCID: PMC9501332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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27
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Romero-Morales AI, Robertson GL, Rastogi A, Rasmussen ML, Temuri H, McElroy GS, Chakrabarty RP, Hsu L, Almonacid PM, Millis BA, Chandel NS, Cartailler JP, Gama V. Human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids model features of Leigh syndrome and reveal abnormal corticogenesis. Development 2022; 149:275911. [PMID: 35792828 PMCID: PMC9357378 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare, inherited neurometabolic disorder that presents with bilateral brain lesions caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and associated nuclear-encoded proteins. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from three LS patient-derived fibroblast lines. Using whole-exome and mitochondrial sequencing, we identified unreported mutations in pyruvate dehydrogenase (GM0372, PDH; GM13411, MT-ATP6/PDH) and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (GM01503, DLD). These LS patient-derived iPSC lines were viable and capable of differentiating into progenitor populations, but we identified several abnormalities in three-dimensional differentiation models of brain development. LS patient-derived cerebral organoids showed defects in neural epithelial bud generation, size and cortical architecture at 100 days. The double mutant MT-ATP6/PDH line produced organoid neural precursor cells with abnormal mitochondrial morphology, characterized by fragmentation and disorganization, and showed an increased generation of astrocytes. These studies aim to provide a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of available patient-derived cell lines that can be used to study Leigh syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella L. Robertson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan L. Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hoor Temuri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory Scott McElroy
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ram Prosad Chakrabarty
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lawrence Hsu
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Bryan A. Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center,Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Cartailler
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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28
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Automated high-speed 3D imaging of organoid cultures with multi-scale phenotypic quantification. Nat Methods 2022; 19:881-892. [PMID: 35697835 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current imaging approaches limit the ability to perform multi-scale characterization of three-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures (organoids) in large numbers. Here, we present an automated multi-scale 3D imaging platform synergizing high-density organoid cultures with rapid and live 3D single-objective light-sheet imaging. It is composed of disposable microfabricated organoid culture chips, termed JeWells, with embedded optical components and a laser beam-steering unit coupled to a commercial inverted microscope. It permits streamlining organoid culture and high-content 3D imaging on a single user-friendly instrument with minimal manipulations and a throughput of 300 organoids per hour. We demonstrate that the large number of 3D stacks that can be collected via our platform allows training deep learning-based algorithms to quantify morphogenetic organizations of organoids at multi-scales, ranging from the subcellular scale to the whole organoid level. We validated the versatility and robustness of our approach on intestine, hepatic, neuroectoderm organoids and oncospheres.
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29
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Romero-Morales AI, Gama V. Revealing the Impact of Mitochondrial Fitness During Early Neural Development Using Human Brain Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:840265. [PMID: 35571368 PMCID: PMC9102998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.840265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis -including function, morphology, and inter-organelle communication- provides guidance to the intrinsic developmental programs of corticogenesis, while also being responsive to environmental and intercellular signals. Two- and three-dimensional platforms have become useful tools to interrogate the capacity of cells to generate neuronal and glia progeny in a background of metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanistic underpinnings underlying the role of mitochondria during human neurogenesis remain unexplored. Here we provide a concise overview of cortical development and the use of pluripotent stem cell models that have contributed to our understanding of mitochondrial and metabolic regulation of early human brain development. We finally discuss the effects of mitochondrial fitness dysregulation seen under stress conditions such as metabolic dysregulation, absence of developmental apoptosis, and hypoxia; and the avenues of research that can be explored with the use of brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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30
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Dady A, Davidson L, Halley PA, Storey KG. Human spinal cord in vitro differentiation pace is initially maintained in heterologous embryonic environments. eLife 2022; 11:e67283. [PMID: 35188104 PMCID: PMC8929931 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific differentiation pace in vitro indicates that some aspects of neural differentiation are governed by cell intrinsic properties. Here we describe a novel in vitro human neural-rosette assay that recapitulates dorsal spinal cord differentiation but proceeds more rapidly than in the human embryo, suggesting that it lacks endogenous signalling dynamics. To test whether in vitro conditions represent an intrinsic differentiation pace, human iPSC-derived neural rosettes were challenged by grafting into the faster differentiating chicken embryonic neural tube iso-chronically, or hetero-chronically into older embryos. In both contexts in vitro differentiation pace was initially unchanged, while long-term analysis revealed iso-chronic slowed and hetero-chronic conditions promoted human neural differentiation. Moreover, hetero-chronic conditions did not alter the human neural differentiation programme, which progressed to neurogenesis, while the host embryo advanced into gliogenesis. This study demonstrates that intrinsic properties limit human differentiation pace, and that timely extrinsic signals are required for progression through an intrinsic human neural differentiation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Dady
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Pamela A Halley
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kate G Storey
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
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Barak M, Fedorova V, Pospisilova V, Raska J, Vochyanova S, Sedmik J, Hribkova H, Klimova H, Vanova T, Bohaciakova D. Human iPSC-Derived Neural Models for Studying Alzheimer's Disease: from Neural Stem Cells to Cerebral Organoids. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:792-820. [PMID: 35107767 PMCID: PMC8930932 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely used to study mechanisms of human neural development, disease modeling, and drug discovery in vitro. Especially in the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where this treatment is lacking, tremendous effort has been put into the investigation of molecular mechanisms behind this disease using induced pluripotent stem cell-based models. Numerous of these studies have found either novel regulatory mechanisms that could be exploited to develop relevant drugs for AD treatment or have already tested small molecules on in vitro cultures, directly demonstrating their effect on amelioration of AD-associated pathology. This review thus summarizes currently used differentiation strategies of induced pluripotent stem cells towards neuronal and glial cell types and cerebral organoids and their utilization in modeling AD and potential drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Vochyanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Klimova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tian T, Lai X, Xiang K, Han X, Yin S, Cabrera RM, Steele JW, Lei Y, Cao X, Finnell RH, Wang L, Ren A. Hypermethylation of PI3K-AKT signalling pathway genes is associated with human neural tube defects. Epigenetics 2022; 17:133-146. [PMID: 33491544 PMCID: PMC8865305 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1878725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of common and severe congenital malformations. The PI3K-AKT signalling pathway plays a crucial role in the neural tube development. There is limited evidence concerning any possible association between aberrant methylation in PI3K-AKT signalling pathway genes and NTDs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential associations between aberrant methylation of PI3K-AKT pathway genes and NTDs. Methylation studies of PI3K-AKT pathway genes utilizing microarray genome-methylation data derived from neural tissues of ten NTD cases and eight non-malformed controls were performed. Targeted DNA methylation analysis was subsequently performed in an independent cohort of 73 NTD cases and 32 controls to validate the methylation levels of identified genes. siRNAs were used to pull-down the target genes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to examine the effects of the aberrant expression of target genes on neural cells. As a result, 321 differentially hypermethylated CpG sites in the promoter regions of 30 PI3K-AKT pathway genes were identified in the microarray data. In target methylation analysis, CHRM1, FGF19, and ITGA7 were confirmed to be significantly hypermethylated in NTD cases and were associated with increased risk for NTDs. The down-regulation of FGF19, CHRM1, and ITGA7 impaired the formation of rosette-like cell aggregates. The down-regulation of those three genes affected the expression of PAX6, SOX2 and MAP2, implying their influence on the differentiation of neural cells. This study for the first time reported that hypermethylation of PI3K-AKT pathway genes such as CHRM1, FGF19, and ITGA7 is associated with human NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanhui Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengju Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W. Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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The Effects of Bilirubin and Lumirubin on the Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101532. [PMID: 34679668 PMCID: PMC8532948 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘gold standard’ treatment of severe neonatal jaundice is phototherapy with blue–green light, which produces more polar photo-oxidation products that are easily excreted via the bile or urine. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bilirubin (BR) and its major photo-oxidation product lumirubin (LR) on the proliferation, differentiation, morphology, and specific gene and protein expressions of self-renewing human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (NSC). Neither BR nor LR in biologically relevant concentrations (12.5 and 25 µmol/L) affected cell proliferation or the cell cycle phases of NSC. Although none of these pigments affected terminal differentiation to neurons and astrocytes, when compared to LR, BR exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxicity on self-renewing NSC. In contrast, LR had a substantial effect on the morphology of the NSC, inducing them to form highly polar rosette-like structures associated with the redistribution of specific cellular proteins (β-catenin/N-cadherin) responsible for membrane polarity. This observation was accompanied by lower expressions of NSC-specific proteins (such as SOX1, NR2F2, or PAX6) together with the upregulation of phospho-ERK. Collectively, the data indicated that both BR and LR affect early human neurodevelopment in vitro, which may have clinical relevance in phototherapy-treated hyperbilirubinemic neonates.
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Krajka V, Naujock M, Pauly MG, Stengel F, Meier B, Stanslowsky N, Klein C, Seibler P, Wegner F, Capetian P. Ventral Telencephalic Patterning Protocols for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716249. [PMID: 34490265 PMCID: PMC8416478 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into specific cell types for disease modeling and restorative therapies is a key research agenda and offers the possibility to obtain patient-specific cells of interest for a wide range of diseases. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) play a particular role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s dementia and isolated dystonias. In this work, various directed differentiation protocols based on monolayer neural induction were tested for their effectiveness in promoting a ventral telencephalic phenotype and generating BFCN. Ventralizing factors [i.e., purmorphamine and Sonic hedgehog (SHH)] were applied at different time points, time intervals, and concentrations. In addition, caudal identity was prevented by the use of a small molecule XAV-939 that inhibits the Wnt-pathway. After patterning, gene expression profiles were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Rostro-ventral patterning is most effective when initiated simultaneously with neural induction. The most promising combination of patterning factors was 0.5 μM of purmorphamine and 1 μM of XAV-939, which induces the highest expression of transcription factors specific for the medial ganglionic eminence, the source of GABAergic inter- and cholinergic neurons in the telencephalon. Upon maturation of cells, the immune phenotype, as well as electrophysiological properties were investigated showing the presence of marker proteins specific for BFCN (choline acetyltransferase, ISL1, p75, and NKX2.1) and GABAergic neurons. Moreover, a considerable fraction of measured cells displayed mature electrophysiological properties. Synaptic boutons containing the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT) could be observed in the vicinity of the cells. This work will help to generate basal forebrain interneurons from hiPSCs, providing a promising platform for modeling neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krajka
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Martje G Pauly
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix Stengel
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Meier
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Philipp Capetian
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Mollo N, Esposito M, Aurilia M, Scognamiglio R, Accarino R, Bonfiglio F, Cicatiello R, Charalambous M, Procaccini C, Micillo T, Genesio R, Calì G, Secondo A, Paladino S, Matarese G, Vita GD, Conti A, Nitsch L, Izzo A. Human Trisomic iPSCs from Down Syndrome Fibroblasts Manifest Mitochondrial Alterations Early during Neuronal Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070609. [PMID: 34209429 PMCID: PMC8301075 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of mitochondrial alterations in Down syndrome suggests that it might affect neuronal differentiation. We established a model of trisomic iPSCs, differentiating into neural precursor cells (NPCs) to monitor the occurrence of differentiation defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Isogenic trisomic and euploid iPSCs were differentiated into NPCs in monolayer cultures using the dual-SMAD inhibition protocol. Expression of pluripotency and neural differentiation genes was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Meta-analysis of expression data was performed on iPSCs. Mitochondrial Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP production were investigated using fluorescent probes. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was determined by Seahorse Analyzer. RESULTS NPCs at day 7 of induction uniformly expressed the differentiation markers PAX6, SOX2 and NESTIN but not the stemness marker OCT4. At day 21, trisomic NPCs expressed higher levels of typical glial differentiation genes. Expression profiles indicated that mitochondrial genes were dysregulated in trisomic iPSCs. Trisomic NPCs showed altered mitochondrial Ca2+, reduced OCR and ATP synthesis, and elevated ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Human trisomic iPSCs can be rapidly and efficiently differentiated into NPC monolayers. The trisomic NPCs obtained exhibit greater glial-like differentiation potential than their euploid counterparts and manifest mitochondrial dysfunction as early as day 7 of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Matteo Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Miriam Aurilia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Roberta Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Rossella Accarino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Maria Charalambous
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.P.); (G.C.)
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriella De Vita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (M.E.); (M.A.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (R.G.); (S.P.); (G.M.); (G.D.V.); (A.C.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3237
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Generation of six human iPSC lines from patients with a familial Alzheimer's disease (n = 3) and sex- and age-matched healthy controls (n = 3). Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102379. [PMID: 34088008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from primary human fibroblasts isolated from three patients with a familial form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and three healthy control individuals. Two AD-iPSC lines carry a PSEN1 mutation A246E; the third cell line carries a PSEN2 mutation N141I. The fibroblasts were reprogrammed with Yamanaka factors (OSKM) using a commercially available Epi5 Reprogramming Kit. The pluripotency of iPSCs was confirmed by the expression of pluripotency factors and by their ability to differentiate to all three germ layers in vitro. Newly derived cell lines can be used to model Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
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Raska J, Klimova H, Sheardova K, Fedorova V, Hribkova H, Pospisilova V, Vochyanova S, Vanova T, Bohaciakova D. Generation of three human iPSC lines from patients with a spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease and three sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102378. [PMID: 34088007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from patients with spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and three healthy control individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were reprogrammed with Yamanaka factors (OSKM) using a commercially available Epi5 Reprogramming Kit. The pluripotency of iPSCs was confirmed by the expression of pluripotency factors and by their ability to differentiate to all three germ layers in vitro. Newly derived cell lines can be used to model Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Raska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Klimova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sheardova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hribkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Vochyanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) and Neurology Department, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Galiakberova AA, Dashinimaev EB. Neural Stem Cells and Methods for Their Generation From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:815. [PMID: 33117792 PMCID: PMC7578226 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) provide promising approaches for investigating embryonic neurogenesis, modeling of the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system, and for designing drug-screening systems. Such cells also have an application in regenerative medicine. The most convenient and acceptable source of NSCs is pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells). However, there are many different protocols for the induction and differentiation of NSCs, and these result in a wide range of neural cell types. This review is intended to summarize the knowledge accumulated, to date, by workers in this field. It should be particularly useful for researchers who are beginning investigations in this area of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelya A Galiakberova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Erdem B Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Khalil AS, Jaenisch R, Mooney DJ. Engineered tissues and strategies to overcome challenges in drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 158:116-139. [PMID: 32987094 PMCID: PMC7518978 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current preclinical studies in drug development utilize high-throughput in vitro screens to identify drug leads, followed by both in vitro and in vivo models to predict lead candidates' pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The goal of these studies is to reduce the number of lead drug candidates down to the most likely to succeed in later human clinical trials. However, only 1 in 10 drug candidates that emerge from preclinical studies will succeed and become an approved therapeutic. Lack of efficacy or undetected toxicity represents roughly 75% of the causes for these failures, despite these parameters being the primary exclusion criteria in preclinical studies. Recently, advances in both biology and engineering have created new tools for constructing new preclinical models. These models can complement those used in current preclinical studies by helping to create more realistic representations of human tissues in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we describe current preclinical models to identify their value and limitations and then discuss select areas of research where improvements in preclinical models are particularly needed to advance drug development. Following this, we discuss design considerations for constructing preclinical models and then highlight recent advances in these efforts. Taken together, we aim to review the advances as of 2020 surrounding the prospect of biological and engineering tools for adding enhanced biological relevance to preclinical studies to aid in the challenges of failed drug candidates and the burden this poses on the drug development enterprise and thus healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Khalil
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA.
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Joshi P, Bodnya C, Rasmussen ML, Romero-Morales AI, Bright A, Gama V. Modeling the function of BAX and BAK in early human brain development using iPSC-derived systems. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:808. [PMID: 32978370 PMCID: PMC7519160 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptosis relies on the ability of the BCL-2 family to induce the formation of pores on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Previous studies have shown that both BAX and BAK are essential during murine embryogenesis, and reports in human cancer cell lines identified non-canonical roles for BAX and BAK in mitochondrial fission during apoptosis. BAX and BAK function in human brain development remains elusive due to the lack of appropriate model systems. Here, we generated BAX/BAK double knockout human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), neural rosettes, and cerebral organoids to uncover the effects of BAX and BAK deletion in an in vitro model of early human brain development. We found that BAX and BAK-deficient cells have abnormal mitochondrial morphology and give rise to aberrant cortical structures. We suggest crucial functions for BAX and BAK during human development, including maintenance of homeostatic mitochondrial morphology, which is crucial for proper development of progenitors and neurons of the cortex. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived systems can be useful platforms to reveal novel functions of the apoptotic machinery in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Joshi
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline Bodnya
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Anna Bright
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Varderidou-Minasian S, Hinz L, Hagemans D, Posthuma D, Altelaar M, Heine VM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Rett iPSC-derived neuronal progenitors. Mol Autism 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 32460858 PMCID: PMC7251722 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive neurodevelopmental disease that is characterized by abnormalities in cognitive, social, and motor skills. RTT is often caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). The mechanism by which impaired MeCP2 induces the pathological abnormalities in the brain is not understood. Both patients and mouse models have shown abnormalities at molecular and cellular level before typical RTT-associated symptoms appear. This implies that underlying mechanisms are already affected during neurodevelopmental stages. Methods To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in disease onset, we used an RTT patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model with isogenic controls and performed time-series of proteomic analysis using in-depth high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry during early stages of neuronal development. Results We provide mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic data, depth of about 7000 proteins, at neuronal progenitor developmental stages of RTT patient cells and isogenic controls. Our data gives evidence of proteomic alteration at early neurodevelopmental stages, suggesting alterations long before the phase that symptoms of RTT syndrome become apparent. Significant changes are associated with the GO enrichment analysis in biological processes cell-cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton organization, neuronal stem cell population maintenance, and pituitary gland development, next to protein changes previously associated with RTT, i.e., dendrite morphology and synaptic deficits. Differential expression increased from early to late neural stem cell phases, although proteins involved in immunity, metabolic processes, and calcium signaling were affected throughout all stages analyzed. Limitations The limitation of our study is the number of RTT patients analyzed. As the aim of our study was to investigate a large number of proteins, only one patient was considered, of which 3 different RTT iPSC clones and 3 isogenic control iPSC clones were included. Even though this approach allowed the study of mutation-induced alterations due to the usage of isogenic controls, results should be validated on different RTT patients to suggest common disease mechanisms. Conclusions During early neuronal differentiation, there are consistent and time-point specific proteomic alterations in RTT patient cells carrying exons 3–4 deletion in MECP2. We found changes in proteins involved in pathway associated with RTT phenotypes, including dendrite morphology and synaptogenesis. Our results provide a valuable resource of proteins and pathways for follow-up studies, investigating common mechanisms involved during early disease stages of RTT syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Varderidou-Minasian
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Hinz
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Hagemans
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Child and Youth Psychiatry, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Child and Youth Psychiatry, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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