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Zhang H, Wu LZ, Liu ZY, Jin ZB. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with a MERTK mutation exhibit cell junction abnormalities and aberrant cellular differentiation potential. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:512-524. [PMID: 38817331 PMCID: PMC11135251 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells, facilitating disease modeling, and investigating disease mechanisms. However, iPSCs carrying specific mutations may limit their clinical applications due to certain inherent characteristics. AIM To investigate the impact of MERTK mutations on hiPSCs and determine whether hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence anomalous cell junction and differentiation potential. METHODS We employed a non-integrating reprogramming technique to generate peripheral blood-derived hiPSCs with and hiPSCs without a MERTK mutation. Chromosomal karyotype analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent staining were utilized for hiPSC identification. Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate the expression patterns associated with cell junction abnormalities and cellular differentiation potential. Additionally, EVs were isolated from the supernatant, and their RNA and protein cargos were examined to investigate the involvement of hiPSC-derived EVs in stem cell junction and differentiation. RESULTS The generated hiPSCs, both with and without a MERTK mutation, exhibited normal karyotype and expressed pluripotency markers; however, hiPSCs with a MERTK mutation demonstrated anomalous adhesion capability and differentiation potential, as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs were involved in various biological processes, including cell junction and differentiation. CONCLUSION HiPSCs with a MERTK mutation displayed altered junction characteristics and aberrant differentiation potential. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs played a regulatory role in various biological processes, including cell junction and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling-Zi Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
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Liang Y, Sun X, Duan C, Tang S, Chen J. Application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids in inherited retinal diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:340. [PMID: 38012786 PMCID: PMC10683306 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can induce severe sight-threatening retinal degeneration and impose a considerable economic burden on patients and society, making efforts to cure blindness imperative. Transgenic animals mimicking human genetic diseases have long been used as a primary research tool to decipher the underlying pathogenesis, but there are still some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), particularly three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology, are considered a promising platform for modeling different forms of IRDs, including retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, X-linked recessive retinoschisis, Batten disease, achromatopsia, and best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Here, this paper focuses on the status of patient-derived iPSCs and organoids in IRDs in recent years concerning disease modeling and therapeutic exploration, along with potential challenges for translating laboratory research to clinical application. Finally, the importance of human iPSCs and organoids in combination with emerging technologies such as multi-omics integration analysis, 3D bioprinting, or microfluidic chip platform are highlighted. Patient-derived retinal organoids may be a preferred choice for more accurately uncovering the mechanisms of human retinal diseases and will contribute to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xihao Sun
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunwen Duan
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Stem cell transplantation as a progressing treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:177-205. [PMID: 35001210 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are of the major causes of vision loss in developed countries. Despite the unclear pathophysiology, treatment methods have been investigated vastly in the past decades. This review article mainly discusses the advances in application of stem cell and progenitor transplantation for retinitis pigmentosa. Stem cell sources such as mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal progenitor cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells are discussed separately in addition to a brief description of two approaches for treatment of early-stage RP, including gene therapy and nutritional therapy.
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Ahmad Mulyadi Lai HI, Chou SJ, Chien Y, Tsai PH, Chien CS, Hsu CC, Jheng YC, Wang ML, Chiou SH, Chou YB, Hwang DK, Lin TC, Chen SJ, Yang YP. Expression of Endogenous Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1320. [PMID: 33525682 PMCID: PMC7865454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was identified as the main host cell receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its subsequent infection. In some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, it has been reported that the nervous tissues and the eyes were also affected. However, evidence supporting that the retina is a target tissue for SARS-CoV-2 infection is still lacking. This present study aimed to investigate whether ACE2 expression plays a role in human retinal neurons during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal organoids and monolayer cultures derived from dissociated retinal organoids were generated. To validate the potential entry of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the retina, we showed that hiPSC-derived retinal organoids and monolayer cultures endogenously express ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) on the mRNA level. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the protein expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in retinal organoids and monolayer cultures. Furthermore, using the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus spike protein with GFP expression system, we found that retinal organoids and monolayer cultures can potentially be infected by the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Collectively, our findings highlighted the potential of iPSC-derived retinal organoids as the models for ACE2 receptor-based SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henkie Isahwan Ahmad Mulyadi Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (H.I.A.M.L.); (S.-J.C.); (P.-H.T.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Selangor, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (H.I.A.M.L.); (S.-J.C.); (P.-H.T.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
| | - Yueh Chien
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (H.I.A.M.L.); (S.-J.C.); (P.-H.T.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (H.I.A.M.L.); (S.-J.C.); (P.-H.T.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Jheng
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (H.I.A.M.L.); (S.-J.C.); (P.-H.T.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (Y.-C.J.); (M.-L.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-B.C.); (D.-K.H.)
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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