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Ruscitti P, McGonagle D, Garcia VC, Rabijns H, Toennessen K, Chappell M, Edwards M, Miller P, Hansell N, Moss J, Graziadio S, Feist E. Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Pharmacological Interventions in Adult-Onset Still Disease and the Role of Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:442-451. [PMID: 38302170 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological treatments for adult-onset Still disease (AOSD). METHODS Six databases, 2 trial registries, and conference abstracts were searched from January 2012 to February 2023 for studies of pharmacological interventions in people with AOSD. Outcomes were rates of remission and response, discontinuation of concurrent treatments, complications of AOSD, and treatment-related adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for case series. RESULTS Forty-four studies evaluated treatments, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids (CS), conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs). For bDMARDs, tocilizumab (TCZ), anakinra (ANK), and canakinumab (CNK) had the most available data. Although 3 randomized controlled trials did not show statistically significant benefits of bDMARDs, metaanalyses showed high rates of complete remission and CS discontinuation. Complete remission was 80% (95% CI 59-92%, I 2 36%), 73% (95% CI 58-84%, I 2 66%), and 77% (95% CI 29-97%, I 2 82%) and CS discontinuation was 57% (95% CI 29-81%, I 2 66%), 47% (95% CI 18-78%, I 2 79%), and 34% (95% CI 6-81%, I 2 59%), respectively, for TCZ, ANK, and CNK. Studies with a higher proportion of patients previously treated with bDMARDs showed a trend toward lower rates of CS discontinuation (P = 0.05). The analyses had high clinical heterogeneity, largely because treatments were prescribed as different lines of therapy. CONCLUSION Evidence supports TCZ, ANK, and CNK therapy for AOSD. However, the magnitude of effect and comparative effectiveness of treatments is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- P. Ruscitti, MD, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy;
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- D. McGonagle, PhD, Leeds NIHR Biomedical Centre and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Viviam Canon Garcia
- V.C. Garcia, MD, H. Rabijns, MPharm, K. Toennessen, MSc, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hilde Rabijns
- V.C. Garcia, MD, H. Rabijns, MPharm, K. Toennessen, MSc, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Toennessen
- V.C. Garcia, MD, H. Rabijns, MPharm, K. Toennessen, MSc, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mary Chappell
- M. Chappell, PhD, M. Edwards, MA, P. Miller, MSc, N. Hansell, BSc, J. Moss, PhD, S. Graziadio, PhD, York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), University of York, York, UK
| | - Mary Edwards
- M. Chappell, PhD, M. Edwards, MA, P. Miller, MSc, N. Hansell, BSc, J. Moss, PhD, S. Graziadio, PhD, York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Miller
- M. Chappell, PhD, M. Edwards, MA, P. Miller, MSc, N. Hansell, BSc, J. Moss, PhD, S. Graziadio, PhD, York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), University of York, York, UK
| | - Neil Hansell
- M. Chappell, PhD, M. Edwards, MA, P. Miller, MSc, N. Hansell, BSc, J. Moss, PhD, S. Graziadio, PhD, York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), University of York, York, UK
| | - Joe Moss
- M. Chappell, PhD, M. Edwards, MA, P. Miller, MSc, N. Hansell, BSc, J. Moss, PhD, S. Graziadio, PhD, York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), University of York, York, UK
| | - Sara Graziadio
- M. Chappell, PhD, M. Edwards, MA, P. Miller, MSc, N. Hansell, BSc, J. Moss, PhD, S. Graziadio, PhD, York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC), University of York, York, UK
| | - Eugen Feist
- E. Feist, MD, Helios Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gommern, Germany
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Ruscitti P, Cantarini L, Nigrovic PA, McGonagle D, Giacomelli R. Recent advances and evolving concepts in Still's disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:116-132. [PMID: 38212542 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Still's disease is a rare inflammatory syndrome that encompasses systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease, both of which can exhibit life-threatening complications, including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a secondary form of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Genetic insights into Still's disease involve both HLA and non-HLA susceptibility genes, suggesting the involvement of adaptive immune cell-mediated immunity. At the same time, phenotypic evidence indicates the involvement of autoinflammatory processes. Evidence also implicates the type I interferon signature, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling and ferritin in the pathogenesis of Still's disease and MAS. Pathological entities associated with Still's disease include lung disease that could be associated with biologic DMARDs and with the occurrence of MAS. Historically, monophasic, recurrent and persistent Still's disease courses were recognized. Newer proposals of alternative Still's disease clusters could enable better dissection of clinical heterogeneity on the basis of immune cell profiles that could represent diverse endotypes or phases of disease activity. Therapeutically, data on IL-1 and IL-6 antagonism and Janus kinase inhibition suggest the importance of early administration in Still's disease. Furthermore, there is evidence that patients who develop MAS can be treated with IFNγ antagonism. Despite these developments, unmet needs remain that can form the basis for the design of future studies leading to improvement of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Clinical and research section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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El Hasbani G, Ahmad Y, Cassetta M. Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease Treated with a Combination of Methotrexate and Etanercept. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:219-222. [PMID: 37855287 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971244440230921100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a challenging diagnosis because of the variability in clinical presentation and lack of gold-standard diagnostic investigations. Even after diagnosis, the treatment is challenging, especially when the disease is refractory to first-line therapy. Multiple pharmacotherapeutic options exist for refractory AOSD, but treatment failures still occur. Etanercept, a Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor, is one of the options that has been rarely used for refractory AOSD, with various outcomes ranging from no response to complete remission. CASE PRESENTATION In this case, we highlight how a previously healthy lady had refractory AOSD to glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine combination therapy. There was no response to interleukin (IL)-1 therapy, which necessitated a switch to a combination of etanercept, low-dose methotrexate, and low-dose glucocorticoids with complete remission for a total of three- -year follow-up. CONCLUSION The combination of methotrexate and Etanercept can maintain remission in patients with refractory AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges El Hasbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hartford Healthcare, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, 06606, USA
| | - Yaser Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hartford Healthcare, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, 06606, USA
| | - Michael Cassetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hartford Healthcare, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, 06606, USA
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Di Cola I, Ruscitti P. The latest advances in the use of biological DMARDs to treat Still's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:63-75. [PMID: 38284774 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2307340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, the therapeutic management of Still's disease, a multisystemic inflammatory rare disorder, is directed to target the inflammatory symptoms and signs of patients. The treatment varies from glucocorticoids to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), both conventional synthetic and biological (bDMARDs). Usually, in refractory patients, bDMARDs are administered. AREAS COVERED Among bDMARDs, IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors are frequently used, as data reported from both clinical trials and 'real-life' experiences. Recently, innovative therapeutic strategies have suggested an early administration of bDMARDs to increase the rate of clinical response and drug-free remission. Some new targets have been also proposed targeting IL-18, IFN-γ, and JAK/STAT pathway, which could be applied to Still's disease and its life-threatening evolution. EXPERT OPINION Many lines of evidence improved the knowledge about the therapeutic management of Still's disease with bDMARDs. However, many unmet needs may be still highlighted which could provide the basis to arrange further specific research in increasing the rate of clinical response. In fact, Still's disease remains a highly heterogeneous disease suggesting possible diverse underlying pathogenic mechanisms, at least partially, and consequent different therapeutic strategies. A better patient stratification may help in arranging specific studies to improve the long-term outcome of Still's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Di Cola
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Vitale A, Caggiano V, Sfikakis PP, Dagna L, Lopalco G, Ragab G, La Torre F, Almaghlouth IA, Maggio MC, Sota J, Tufan A, Hinojosa-Azaola A, Iannone F, Loconte R, Laskari K, Direskeneli H, Ruscitti P, Morrone M, Mayrink Giardini HA, Panagiotopoulos A, Di Cola I, Martín-Nares E, Monti S, De Stefano L, Kardas RC, Duran R, Campochiaro C, Tomelleri A, Alabdulkareem AM, Gaggiano C, Tarsia M, Bartoloni E, Romeo M, Hussein MA, Laymouna AH, Parente de Brito Antonelli I, Dagostin MA, Fotis L, Bindoli S, Navarini L, Alibaz-Oner F, Sevik G, Frassi M, Ciccia F, Iacono D, Crisafulli F, Portincasa P, Jaber N, Kawakami-Campos PA, Wiesik-Szewczyk E, Iagnocco A, Simonini G, Sfriso P, Balistreri A, Giacomelli R, Conti G, Frediani B, Fabiani C, Cantarini L. Efficacy of canakinumab in patients with Still's disease across different lines of biologic therapy: real-life data from the International AIDA Network Registry for Still's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1256243. [PMID: 38148914 PMCID: PMC10749954 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1256243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effectiveness of canakinumab may change according to the different times it is used after Still's disease onset. This study aimed to investigate whether canakinumab (CAN) shows differences in short- and long-term therapeutic outcomes, according to its use as different lines of biologic treatment. Methods Patients included in this study were retrospectively enrolled from the AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) International Registry dedicated to Still's disease. Seventy-seven (51 females and 26 males) patients with Still's disease were included in the present study. In total, 39 (50.6%) patients underwent CAN as a first-line biologic agent, and the remaining 38 (49.4%) patients were treated with CAN as a second-line biologic agent or subsequent biologic agent. Results No statistically significant differences were found between patients treated with CAN as a first-line biologic agent and those previously treated with other biologic agents in terms of the frequency of complete response (p =0.62), partial response (p =0.61), treatment failure (p >0.99), and frequency of patients discontinuing CAN due to lack or loss of efficacy (p =0.2). Of all the patients, 18 (23.4%) patients experienced disease relapse during canakinumab treatment, 9 patients were treated with canakinumab as a first-line biologic agent, and nine patients were treated with a second-line or subsequent biologic agent. No differences were found in the frequency of glucocorticoid use (p =0.34), daily glucocorticoid dosage (p =0.47), or concomitant methotrexate dosage (p =0.43) at the last assessment during CAN treatment. Conclusion Canakinumab has proved to be effective in patients with Still's disease, regardless of its line of biologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vitale
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Caggiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaafar Ragab
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Newgiza University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Francesco La Torre
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ibrahim A. Almaghlouth
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- University Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jurgen Sota
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Andrea Hinojosa-Azaola
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Florenzo Iannone
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Loconte
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Katerina Laskari
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, The First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Morrone
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Henrique A. Mayrink Giardini
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandros Panagiotopoulos
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilenia Di Cola
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eduardo Martín-Nares
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Monti
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovico De Stefano
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rıza Can Kardas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Rahime Duran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tomelleri
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carla Gaggiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Tarsia
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
- , Department of Molecular Medicine and DevelopmentClinical Pediatrics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mery Romeo
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Mohamed A. Hussein
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hatem Laymouna
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Marilia Ambiel Dagostin
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lampros Fotis
- Department of Pediatrics, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Navarini
- Clinical and Research Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Campus Biomedico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fatma Alibaz-Oner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Sevik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Micol Frassi
- Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Brescia, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Iacono
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Crisafulli
- Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Brescia, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nour Jaber
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Perla Ayumi Kawakami-Campos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ewa Wiesik-Szewczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Annamaria Iagnocco
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Simonini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Balistreri
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Clinical and Research Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome “Campus Biomedico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Fabiani
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy
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Giacomelli R, Caporali R, Ciccia F, Colafrancesco S, Dagna L, Govoni M, Iannone F, Leccese P, Montecucco C, Pappagallo G, Pistone G, Priori R, Ruscitti P, Sfriso P, Cantarini L. Expert consensus on the treatment of patients with adult-onset still's disease with the goal of achieving an early and long-term remission. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103400. [PMID: 37482365 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive systematic targeted literature review and used the Delphi method to formulate expert consensus statements to guide the treatment of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) to achieve an early and long-term remission. Seven candidate statements were generated and reached consensus in the first round of voting by the panel of experts. We postulate: (i) In patients with AOSD with predominant arthritis at onset who achieved no disease control with glucocorticoids (GCs), the use of methotrexate can be considered, whereas the use of cyclosporin A and low-dose GCs should not (Statements 1-3); (ii) In patients with AOSD with poor prognostic factors at diagnosis, an IL-1 inhibitor (IL-1i) in addition to GCs should be taken into consideration as early as possible (Statement 4); (iii) A switch to an IL-6 inhibitor (IL-6i) may be considered in patients with AOSD with prevalent joint involvement, who are unresponsive or intolerant to IL-1i (Statement 5); (iv) Drug tapering or discontinuation may be considered in patients who achieved a sustained clinical and laboratory remission with IL-1i (Statement 6); (v) In patients with AOSD who failed to attain a good clinical response with an IL-1i, switching to an IL-6i may be considered in alternative to a different IL-1i. TNF-inhibitors may be considered as a further choice in patients with a prominent joint involvement (Statement 7). These statements will help clinicians in treatment decision making in patients with AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giacomelli
- U.O.C. di Immunoreumatologia, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Immunorheumatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Dipartimento di Reumatologia e Scienze Mediche - ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan; Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione - Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Colafrancesco
- U.O.C. di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UniRAR) IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Govoni
- U.O.C. di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Anna di Ferrara (loc. Cona) -Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Leccese
- Dipartimento di Reumatologia - Azienda Ospedaliera Regionale San Carlo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Carlomaurizio Montecucco
- U.O.C. di Reumatologia, Università di Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Pistone
- U.O.S.D. di Reumatologia, Ospedale Arnas Civico e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Priori
- U.O.C. di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International University of Health Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze cliniche applicate e biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- U.O.C. di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- U.O.C. di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese - Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy
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Vordenbäumen S, Feist E, Rech J, Fleck M, Blank N, Haas JP, Kötter I, Krusche M, Chehab G, Hoyer B, Kiltz U, Fell D, Reiners J, Weseloh C, Schneider M, Braun J. Diagnosis and treatment of adult-onset Still's disease: a concise summary of the German society of rheumatology S2 guideline. Z Rheumatol 2023; 82:81-92. [PMID: 36520170 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vordenbäumen
- Rheinisches Rheuma-Zentrum St. Elisabeth-Hospital Meerbusch, Meerbusch-Lank, Germany. .,Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Poliklinik, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Eugen Feist
- Rheumazentrum Sachsen-Anhalt, Helios Fachklinik Vogelsang-Gommern, Kooperationspartner der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Vogelsang-Gommern, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rech
- Medizinische Klinik 3-Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg und Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Fleck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Klinik für Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Norbert Blank
- Medizinische Klinik 5, Sektion Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Haas
- Kinderklinik Garmisch-Partenkirchen gGmbH, Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ina Kötter
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Sektion für Rheumatologie und Entzündliche Systemerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Klinik für Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - Martin Krusche
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Sektion für Rheumatologie und Entzündliche Systemerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gamal Chehab
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Poliklinik, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bimba Hoyer
- Medizinische Fakultät, Sektion Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uta Kiltz
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie e. V., Berlin, Germany.,Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet am Marien Hospital, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fell
- Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e. V., Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reiners
- Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e. V., Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schneider
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Poliklinik, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie e. V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie e. V., Berlin, Germany.,Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet am Marien Hospital, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany
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8
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Fautrel B, Patterson J, Bowe C, Arber M, Glanville J, Mealing S, Canon-Garcia V, Fagerhed L, Rabijns H, Giacomelli R. Systematic review on the use of biologics in adult-onset still's disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 58:152139. [PMID: 36442231 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review (SR) describes the efficacy and safety of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) for patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). Three randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one retrospective case series of multiple interventions, and 17 case series of single interventions met the inclusion criteria for this SR. Comparisons of biologic therapy in AOSD were only available against conventional DMARDs in one RCT and against placebo in two RCTs. There was a lack of common assessment criteria, meaning treatment efficacy across studies could not be compared. Uncontrolled retrospective case series suggested that bDMARDs have an effect for patients with AOSD, but these studies did not provide comparative data to show whether bDMARDs were more effective than other interventions or, whether any bDMARD was more effective than another bDMARD. However, there was evidence that bDMARDs could reduce steroid dose. Safety data from all included studies showed that bDMARDs appear to be a safe alternative to conventional DMARDs. This SR has highlighted the need for larger comparative studies in AOSD and has shown the need to standardize the definition of therapeutic response in AOSD. This would allow comparisons between studies in order to gain clarity on which bDMARDs may be more effective treatments for AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fautrel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Rhumatologie, F75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacoby Patterson
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Catherine Bowe
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NQ, UK.
| | - Mick Arber
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Julie Glanville
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Stuart Mealing
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NQ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Clinical Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", School of Medicine, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Vitale A, Caggiano V, Maggio MC, Lopalco G, Emmi G, Sota J, La Torre F, Ruscitti P, Bartoloni E, Conti G, Fabiani C, Mattioli I, Gaggiano C, Cardinale F, Dagna L, Campochiaro C, Giacomelli R, Balistreri A, Laskari K, Tufan A, Ragab G, Almaghlouth IA, Więsik-Szewczyk E, Pereira RM, Frediani B, Iannone F, Sfikakis PP, Cantarini L. Canakinumab as first-line biological therapy in Still's disease and differences between the systemic and the chronic-articular courses: Real-life experience from the international AIDA registry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1071732. [PMID: 36619631 PMCID: PMC9813488 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors are largely employed in patients with Still's disease; in cases with refractory arthritis, IL-6 inhibitors have shown to be effective on articular inflammatory involvement. The aim of the present study is to assess any difference in the effectiveness of the IL-1β antagonist canakinumab prescribed as first-line biologic agent between the systemic and the chronic-articular Still's disease. Methods Data were drawn from the retrospective phase of the AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) international registry dedicated to Still's disease. Patients with Still's disease classified according to internationally accepted criteria (Yamaguchi criteria and/or Fautrel criteria) and treated with canakinumab as first-line biologic agent were enrolled. Results A total of 26 patients (17 females, 9 males; 18 patients developing Still's disease after the age of 16 years) were enrolled; 16 (61.5%) patients suffered from the systemic pattern of the disease; 10 (38.5%) patients suffered from the chronic-articular type. No differences were observed between the systemic and the chronic-articular Still's disease in the frequency of complete response, of flares after the start of canakinumab (p = 0.701) and in the persistence in therapy (p = 0.62). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups after 3 months, 12 months and at the last assessment in the decrease of: the systemic activity score (p = 0.06, p = 0.17, p = 0.17, respectively); the disease activity score on 28 joints (p = 0.54, p = 0.77, p = 0.98, respectively); the glucocorticoid dosage (p = 0.15, p = 0.50, and p = 0.50, respectively); the use of concomitant disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (p = 0.10, p = 1.00, and p = 1.00, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the decrease of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.34), C reactive protein (p = 0.48), and serum ferritin levels (p = 0.34) after the start of canakinumab. Conclusion Canakinumab used for Still's disease has been effective in controlling both clinical and laboratory manifestations disregarding the type of disease course when used as first-line biotechnological agent. These excellent results might have been further enhanced by the early start of IL-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vitale
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Caggiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- University Department Pro.Sa.M.I. “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jurgen Sota
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco La Torre
- Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale “Giovanni XXIII”, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), “G. Martino” Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Fabiani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Irene Mattioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Gaggiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale “Giovanni XXIII”, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Alberto Balistreri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Katerina Laskari
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, The First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaafar Ragab
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Medicine, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Almaghlouth
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosa Maria Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Florenzo Iannone
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, The First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy,*Correspondence: Luca Cantarini,
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10
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Sota J, Vitale A, Lopalco G, Pereira RMR, Giordano HF, Antonelli IP, Makowska J, Brzezińska O, Lewandowska-Polak A, Ruscitti P, Cipriani P, Cola ID, Govoni M, Ruffili F, Sfikakis PP, Laskari K, Ragab G, Hussein MA, Gentileschi S, Gaggiano C, La Torre F, Maier A, Emmi G, Marino A, Ciccia F, Sfriso P, Maggio MC, Bartoloni E, Lomater C, Hegazy MT, Tektonidou M, Dagostin MA, Opinc A, Sebastiani GD, Giacomelli R, Giudice ED, Olivieri AN, Tufan A, Kardas RK, Nuzzolese R, Cardinale F, Więsik-Szewczyk E, Veronica P, Tarsia M, Iannone F, Della Casa F, Fabiani C, Frediani B, Balistreri A, Rigante D, Cantarini L. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in adult-onset Still's disease: Real-life experience from the international AIDA registry. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 57:152089. [PMID: 36063578 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Macovei LA, Burlui A, Bratoiu I, Rezus C, Cardoneanu A, Richter P, Szalontay A, Rezus E. Adult-Onset Still's Disease-A Complex Disease, a Challenging Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12810. [PMID: 36361602 PMCID: PMC9655522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder with an unknown cause characterized by high-spiking fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperferritinemia, and leukocytosis. The clinical course can be divided into three significant patterns, each with a different prognosis: Self-limited or monophasic, intermittent or polycyclic systemic, and chronic articular. Two criteria sets have been validated. The Yamaguchi criteria are the most generally used, although the Fautrel criteria offer the benefit of adding ferritin and glycosylated ferritin values. AOSD's pathogenesis is not yet completely understood. Chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18, play a crucial role in the progression of illness, resulting in the development of innovative targeted therapeutics. There are no treatment guidelines for AOSD due to its rarity, absence of controlled research, and lack of a standard definition for remission and therapy objectives. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids (CS), and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) are used in AOSD treatment. Biological therapy, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-17 inhibitors, as well as TNFα or Janus-kinases (JAKs) inhibitors, is administered to patients who do not react to CS and csDMARDs or achieve an inadequate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Andreea Macovei
- Department of Rheumatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Burlui
- Department of Rheumatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Bratoiu
- Department of Rheumatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Cardoneanu
- Department of Rheumatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Patricia Richter
- Department of Rheumatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Szalontay
- Department of Psychiatry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
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Al-Hakim A, Mistry A, Savic S. Improving Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Acquired Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5739-5755. [PMID: 36238769 PMCID: PMC9553278 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAID) are conditions caused by dysregulation or disturbance of the innate immune system, with neutrophils and macrophages the main effector cells. Although there are now more than 40 distinct, genetically defined SAIDs, the genetic/molecular diagnosis remains unknown for a significant proportion of patients with the disease onset in adulthood. This review focuses on new developments related to acquired/late onset SAID, including phenocopies of monogenic disorders, Schnitzler's syndrome, Adult onset Still's disease, VEXAS syndrome, and autoinflammatory complications associated with myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Al-Hakim
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Anoop Mistry
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Correspondence: Sinisa Savic, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Clinical Science Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK, Tel +441132065567, Email
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14
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Di Cola I, Cipriani P, Ruscitti P. Perspectives on the use of non-biological pharmacotherapy for adult-onset Still's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1577-1587. [PMID: 36124816 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2126764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of the patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) remains largely empirical and it is based on the administration of immunosuppressive drugs. In this work, we described the use of non-biological pharmacotherapies for AOSD. AREA COVERED Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are employed during the diagnostic phase, glucocorticoids (GCs) are the first-line therapy, administered at the beginning of the disease. As second-line therapy, conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) are used when GCs do not fully control the disease and/or to reduce the dosage of concomitant GCs. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly administered csDMARDs whereas calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are used in severe patients. The lack of achievement of clinical response may lead to the administration of biologic DMARDs, with or without csDMARDs. EXPERT OPINION The management of AOSD may benefit from the administration of non-biological pharmacotherapies, including GCs, MTX, and CNIs. These therapies showed efficacy in inducing a clinical response, in managing life-threatening complications, and may be well tolerated in combination with biologic DMARDs. However, further specific studies are needed to fully clarify the specific role of such drugs in clinical practice to improve the management of AOSD and to provide a more tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Di Cola
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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15
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Efthimiou P, Petryna O, Nakasato P, Kontzias A. New insights on multigenic autoinflammatory diseases. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221117880. [PMID: 36081748 PMCID: PMC9445512 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221117880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system, which can be either monogenic due to a specific genetic mutation or complex multigenic due to the involvement of multiple genes. The aim of this review is to explore and summarize the recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of genetically complex autoinflammatory diseases, such as Schnitzler's syndrome; adult-onset Still's disease; synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis syndrome/chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis/chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis; Adamantiades-Behçet's disease; Yao syndrome; and periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome. The PubMed database was screened for relevant articles using free text words and specific search strings. The search was limited to English-language articles, reporting the results of studies in humans, published through March 2021. Evidence from literature suggest that these rare multigenic autoinflammatory diseases can present with different clinical features and the diagnosis of these diseases can be challenging due to a combination of nonspecific manifestations that can be seen in a variety of other conditions. Diagnostic delays and disease complications may occur due to low disease awareness and the lack of pathognomonic markers. The pathogeneses of these diseases are complex and in some cases precise pathogenesis is not clearly understood. Conventional treatments are commonly used for the management of these conditions, but biologics have shown promising results. Biologics targeting proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-18 have been shown to ameliorate signs and symptoms of different multigenic autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Efthimiou
- New York Rheumatology Care, Ross University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Olga Petryna
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Apostolos Kontzias
- Department of Rheumatology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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16
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Rao S, Tsang LSL, Zhao M, Shi W, Lu Q. Adult-onset Still’s disease: A disease at the crossroad of innate immunity and autoimmunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:881431. [PMID: 36072947 PMCID: PMC9442343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare disease affecting multiple systems and organs with unknown etiology, and the clinical symptoms are usually described as spiking fever, arthritis, evanescent salmon-pink eruptions, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and other manifestations. The laboratory indicators are not specific, often presenting as increased leukocyte counts and neutrophil percentage, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), hyperferritinemia, and increased inflammatory factors. ANA, ENA, and RF are negative. According to those unspecific clinical presentations and laboratory findings, infection, tumor, connective tissue disease, and other diseases must be ruled out before diagnosis. The diagnosis of AOSD is a great challenge for clinicians. The mechanism of AOSD pathogenesis is complicated and still being studied. There is a new opinion that atypical persistent skin eruptions (APSEs) with specific histological manifestations are unique for AOSD, and APSEs might be on a spectrum with classical evanescent eruptions. Studies on APSEs showed that IL-1β and IFN-γ are strongly correlated with the pathogenesis of necrosis keratinocytes in APSEs. IL-1β is strongly involved in inflammatory disease when it is abnormal, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neutrophil dermatosis. In the early stage of AOSD, skin lesions appear to be evanescent urticaria-like eruptions accompanied by fever, and only neutrophils infiltrate around the blood vessels in the dermis pathologically. As the course of the disease progresses, IL-1β is gradually released. Through the stimulation of other inflammatory factors and the influence of unknown factors, IL-1β gradually infiltrates into the stratum corneum and finally accumulates around the necrotic keratinocytes of the stratum corneum. However, the detailed mechanism is still unknown. IFN-γ could play a pro-inflammatory or regulatory role in some disorders. IL-1β can enhance the expression of IFN-γ, and IFN-γ can cause keratinocyte apoptosis by activating the autocrine of caspase. Also, several pieces of evidence indicate that adaptive immunity is also involved in the pathogenesis of AOSD. Increased α-soluble receptors of IL-2 may suggest T-cell activation and proliferation in AOSD patients. Increased IL-4- and IFN-γ-producing T cells were found in active AOSD and related to disease severity. Frequencies of Treg cells in AOSD were significantly lower and were inversely correlated with disease severity. According to these, more and more researchers have reached a consensus that AOSD is a disease at the crossroads of innate immunity and autoimmunity. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive insight into AOSD, describing research progress and the immunological mechanism contribution to the disease. In the meantime, different treatment options and the efficacy and safety of various biologic agents are also discussed. A further understanding of AOSD requires closer cooperation among doctors from different departments, and this review will provide a new idea for diagnosis and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Rao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Lemuel Shui-Lun Tsang
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Shi,
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Qianjin Lu,
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Ruscitti P, Di Cola I, Di Muzio C, Italiano N, Ursini F, Giacomelli R, Cipriani P. Expanding the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome, from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical observations, and therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103114. [PMID: 35595050 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
From the introduction of hyperferritinemic syndrome concept, a growing body of evidence has suggested the role of ferritin as a pathogenic mediator and a relevant clinical feature in the management of patients with inflammatory diseases. From a pathogenic point of view, ferritin may directly stimulate the aberrant immune response by triggering the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in inducing a vicious pathogenic loop and contributing to the occurrence of cytokine storm syndrome. The latter has been recently defined as a clinical picture characterised by elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory symptoms, and secondary organ dysfunction beyond that which could be attributed to a normal response to a pathogen It is noteworthy that the occurrence of hyperferritinemia may be correlated with the development of the cytokine storm syndrome in the context of an inflammatory disease. In addition to adult onset Still's disease, macrophage activation syndrome, catastrophic anti-phospholipids syndrome, and septic shock, recent evidence has suggested this association between ferritin and life-threatening evolution in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with anti-MDA5 antibodies in the context of poly-dermatomyositis, with severe COVID-19, and with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The possible underlying common inflammatory mechanisms, associated with hyperferritinemia, may led to the similar clinical picture observed in these patients. Furthermore, similar therapeutic strategies could be suggested inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving long-term outcomes in these disorders. Thus, it could be possible to expand the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome to those diseases burdened by a dreadful clinical picture correlated with hyperferritinemia and the occurrence of the cytokine storm syndrome. In addition, the assessment of ferritin may provide useful information to the physicians in clinical practice to manage these patients. Therefore, ferritin may be considered a relevant clinical feature to be used as biomarker in dissecting the unmet needs in the management of these disorders. Novel evidence may thus support an expansion of the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome to these diseases burdened by a life-threatening clinical picture correlated with hyperferritinemia and the occurrence of the cytokine storm syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Di Cola
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Muzio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Noemi Italiano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Doria A, Sfriso P. Progress in Biological Therapies for Adult-Onset Still’s Disease. Biologics 2022; 16:21-34. [PMID: 35481241 PMCID: PMC9038152 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s290329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare multifactorial autoinflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by an excessive release of cytokines triggered by dysregulated inflammation and articular and systemic manifestations. The clinical spectrum of AOSD ranges from self-limiting forms with mild symptoms to life-threatening cases and presents clinical and biological similarities with the juvenile form (sJIA). Nowadays, the advances in biologic agents no longer limit the treatment to NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, or conventional synthetic DMARDs. The blockade of IL-1 and IL-6 is effective in the treatment of systemic and articular inflammation of AOSD patients; however, novel compounds with different properties and targets are now available and others are being studied. In this review, starting from the pathogenesis of AOSD, we summarized the current and emerging biological therapies, possible effective agents for achieving AOSD control and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: Paola Galozzi, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, Padova, 35128, Italy, Tel +39 049 821 8654, Email
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Kedor C, Tomaras S, Baeumer D, Feist E. Update on the therapy of adult-onset Still's disease with a focus on IL-1-inhibition: a systematic review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211059598. [PMID: 34868356 PMCID: PMC8641116 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211059598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The past decade has seen increasingly rapid advances in understanding the pathogenic nature of adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) and its shared symptoms with the systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocking agents are key elements in the treatment. In this updated systematic review, we focus on studies on efficacy and safety of IL-1 blockers published in the past 5 years and review on latest available therapies. Methods: We conducted searches using Medline, Biosis, Embase, and Cochrane databases between 2016 and 2021 using the terms AOSD, IL1, IL-18, canakinumab, anakinra, tadekinig, and rilonacept and if applicable their trade names. Duplicates, case reports, and manuscripts with incomplete data were excluded. Results: Of the 1013 screened publications, 17 were eligible after careful selection. We only found two published randomized controlled studies in the past 5 years. Review manuscripts of rare diseases, like our work, usually rely on retrospective studies and case series. Anakinra and canakinumab can be successfully used as first- or further-line treatment in patients with AOSD refractory to steroids. A homogeneous outcome is not established yet. Thus, a combination of clinical and laboratory tests can support the experienced clinician in the decision-making process. Conclusion: The approval of IL-1 inhibitors for AOSD brought us into a new era in the treatment of AOSD. The overall efficacy-safety profile of the IL-1 inhibitors is favorable reflecting a targeted approach as standard of care. We can expect that the successful treatment of AOSD with IL-1 inhibition will facilitate further clinical and basic research with impact on other auto-inflammatory and hyper-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kedor
- Corporate Member, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stylianos Tomaras
- Department of Rheumatology, Helios Clinic Vogelsang-Gommern, Gommern, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Feist
- Department of Rheumatology, Helios Clinic Vogelsang-Gommern, Gommern, Germany
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Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Giacomelli R, Cipriani P. The clinical heterogeneity of adult onset Still's disease may underlie different pathogenic mechanisms. Implications for a personalised therapeutic management of these patients. Semin Immunol 2021; 58:101632. [PMID: 35787972 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology usually affecting young adults and manifesting with a clinical triad of spiking fever, arthritis, and evanescent cutaneous rash. AOSD may be considered a highly heterogeneous disease, despite a similar clinical presentation, the disease course may be completely different. Some patients may have a single episode of the disease whereas others may evolve toward a chronic course and experience life-threatening complications. On these bases, to dissect the clinical heterogeneity of this disease, four different subsets were identified combining the manifestations at the beginning with possible diverse outcomes over time. Each one of these derived subsets would be characterised by a prominent different clinical feature from others, thus proposing dissimilar underlying pathogenic mechanisms, at least partially. Consequently, a distinct management of AOSD may be suggested to appropriately tailor the therapeutic strategy to these patients, according to principles of the precision medicine. These findings would also provide the rationale to recognise a different genetic and molecular profile of patients with AOSD. Taking together these findings, the basis for a precision medicine approach may be suggested in AOSD, which would drive a tailored therapeutic approach in these patients. A better patient stratification may also help in arranging specific designed studies to improve the management of patients with AOSD. Behind these different clinical phenotypes, distinct endotypes of AOSD may be suggested, probably differing in pathogenesis, outcomes, and response to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Cota-Arce JM, Cota J, De León-Nava MA, Hernández-Cáceres A, Moncayo-Salazar LI, Valle-Alvarado F, Cordero-Moreno VL, Bonfil-Solis KL, Bichara-Figueroa JE, Hernández-Hernández J, Villela L. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in the treatment of adult-onset Still's disease: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:1282-1290. [PMID: 34493394 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disease, typically characterized by spiking fever, skin rash, and arthralgia or arthritis. Its conventional treatment includes NSAIDs and corticosteroids, and DMARDs as second-line therapy. Frequently, IL-1 inhibitors are also required, mainly in patients refractory to traditional therapy. Canakinumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds IL-1β with high affinity and specificity, making it appropriate for therapeutic purposes in AOSD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to identify and compile the current data on the efficacy and safety of canakinumab in the treatment of AOSD. METHODS Following the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement, we searched Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library for relevant literature up to March 2021. The inclusion criteria comprised: randomized controlled trials, pooled analyses, observational studies, case series, and case reports. RESULTS Seventeen studies published from 2012 to 2021 were evaluated; 11 of these correspond to case series or case reports, four observational studies, one placebo-controlled phase II trial, and one analysis of pooled systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis data. In general, out of a total of 99 patients, 68.7% of these presented a complete remission of the systemic and arthritic manifestations at the end of the observation period, while 16.2% of the patients showed a partial improvement of the symptoms and the remaining (15.1%) did not show clinical improvement or were excluded. Moreover, 210 adverse events were reported in 69 patients during canakinumab treatment, of which the majority correspond to respiratory tract infections, arthralgia, disease flares, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea, whereas the most common severe adverse events included macrophage activation syndrome and serious infections. Also, a corticosteroid-sparing effect was observed in a large percentage of patients. CONCLUSION More studies with solid evidence are needed to support the efficacy of canakinumab in AOSD, although its use is encouraged by the increasing favorable results reported and the efficacy of other IL-1 inhibitors. It was also associated with an acceptable safety profile, similar to expected in IL-1 inhibitor therapy. However, future studies with well-defined endpoints are warranted to examine further the usefulness of canakinumab in AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián M Cota-Arce
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - Jonhatan Cota
- Hospital General de Zona 4 - Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalupe, N.L., México
| | - Marco A De León-Nava
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, B.C., México
| | - Alexia Hernández-Cáceres
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - Leopoldo I Moncayo-Salazar
- Centro Médico "Dr. Ignacio Chávez" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado de Sonora (ISSSTESON), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - Fidel Valle-Alvarado
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - Vera L Cordero-Moreno
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - Karen L Bonfil-Solis
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - Jesús E Bichara-Figueroa
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México
| | - José Hernández-Hernández
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Luis Villela
- Hospital General "Dr. Fernando Ocaranza" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Hermosillo, Son., México; Centro Médico "Dr. Ignacio Chávez" - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado de Sonora (ISSSTESON), Hermosillo, Son., México; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México (UVM) Campus Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Son., México.
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