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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Filiú-Braga LDC, Bogéa GMR, de Assis AJB, Pittella-Silva F, Saldanha-Araujo F. GLP and G9a histone methyltransferases as potential therapeutic targets for lymphoid neoplasms. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:243. [PMID: 38997742 PMCID: PMC11249034 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are enzymes that regulate histone methylation and play an important role in controlling transcription by altering the chromatin structure. Aberrant activation of HMTs has been widely reported in certain types of neoplastic cells. Among them, G9a/EHMT2 and GLP/EHMT1 are crucial for H3K9 methylation, and their dysregulation has been associated with tumor initiation and progression in different types of cancer. More recently, it has been shown that G9a and GLP appear to play a critical role in several lymphoid hematologic malignancies. Importantly, the key roles played by both enzymes in various diseases made them attractive targets for drug development. In fact, in recent years, several groups have tried to develop small molecule inhibitors targeting their epigenetic activities as potential anticancer therapeutic tools. In this review, we discuss the physiological role of GLP and G9a, their oncogenic functions in hematologic malignancies of the lymphoid lineage, and the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drugs targeting G9a/GLP for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Jhones Barbosa de Assis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
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2
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Huang D, Yuan Y, Cao L, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yu Z, Xie L, Wei Y, Wan J, Zheng J. Endothelial-derived small extracellular vesicles support B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia development. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:129-140. [PMID: 37751067 PMCID: PMC10899377 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The bone marrow niche plays an important role in leukemia development. However, the contributions of different niche components to leukemia development and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. METHOD Cre/LoxP-based conditional knockout technology was used to delete VPS33B or ANGPTL2 gene in niche cells. Murine B-ALL model was established by overexpressing the N-Myc oncogene in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. The frequency of leukemia cells and immunophenotypic B220+ CD43+ LICs was detected by flow cytometry. SEVs was isolated by sequential centrifugation and mass spectrometry was performed to analyze the different components of SEVs. Immunoprecipitation and western blot were used to measure the interaction of VPS33B and ANGPTL2. RESULTS Here, we showed that specific knockout of vascular protein sorting 33b (Vps33b) in endothelial cells (ECs), but not megakaryocytes or mesenchymal stem cells, resulted in a significant decrease in the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) and a delay in the development of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Vps33b knockdown endothelial cells contained much lower levels of SEVs that contained angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) than the control cells. Importantly, conditional knockout of Angptl2 in ECs significantly delayed B-ALL progression. Moreover, C-terminal region of ANGPTL2 (aa247-471) could directly interact with Sec1-like domain 1 of VPS33B (aa1-aa146). We further demonstrated that the point mutations R399H and G402S in ANGPTL2 led to a dramatic decrease in the secretion of ANGPTL2-SEVs. We also showed that wild-type ANGPTL2-containing SEVs, but not mutant ANGPTL2-containing SEVs, significantly enhanced B-ALL development. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings indicate that the secretion of ANGPTL2-containing SEVs in ECs sustains the leukemogenic activities of B-ALL cells, which is fine-tuned by the direct interaction of VPS33B and ANGPTL2. These findings reveal that niche-specific SEVs play an important role in B-ALL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yamin Yuan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liyuan Cao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Difan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yujuan Wei
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiangbo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Paul P, Stüssi G, Bruscaggin A, Rossi D. Genetics and epigenetics of CLL. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:551-563. [PMID: 36503384 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2153359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has a heterogeneous biological behavior, which is highly influenced by its immunogenetic, epigenetic, and genomic properties. The remarkably variable clinical course of the disease has been associated with genetic features such as chromosomal abnormalities, the presence of either high or low numbers of somatic hypermutations (SHM) in the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IGHV), and somatic mutations of several specific driver genes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have provided a comprehensive characterization of the genomic and epigenomic landscape in CLL, elucidating important underlying mechanisms of the disease's biology. The scope of this review is to summarize the most recent discoveries about novel genetic and epigenetic alterations, discussing their impact on clinical outcomes and response to currently available therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella Paul
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Georg Stüssi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Bruscaggin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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4
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Kulis M, Martin-Subero JI. Integrative epigenomics in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: Biological insights and clinical applications. Br J Haematol 2023; 200:280-290. [PMID: 36121003 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is not only characterised by driver genetic alterations but by extensive epigenetic changes. Over the last decade, epigenomic studies have described the DNA methylome, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and the three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture of CLL. Beyond its regulatory role, the DNA methylome contains imprints of the cellular origin and proliferative history of CLL cells. These two aspects are strong independent prognostic factors. Integrative analyses of chromatin marks have uncovered novel regulatory elements and altered transcription factor networks as non-genetic means mediating gene deregulation in CLL. Additionally, CLL cells display a disease-specific pattern of 3D genome interactions. From the technological perspective, we are currently witnessing a transition from bulk omics to single-cell analyses. This review aims at summarising the major findings from the epigenomics field as well as providing a prospect of the present and future of single-cell analyses in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kulis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Tosic N, Ugrin M, Marjanovic I, Kostic T, Vukovic V, Tomic K, Otasevic V, Antic D, Mihaljevic B, Pavlovic S, Karan-Djurasevic T. Expression of BCL11A in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:64-71. [PMID: 36120992 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11A (BCL11A) gene encodes a Krüppel-like transcription factor involved in lymphocyte development during normal haematopoiesis. Aberrant expression of BCL11A has been observed in several haematological malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). However, its functions in the regulatory networks of malignant B lymphocytes are poorly understood, as are the relations to clinical course and outcome of B-cell malignancies, particularly CLL. METHODS The expression of BCL11A was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 87 newly-diagnosed CLL patients by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and association with clinical and molecular variables was assessed. RESULTS BCL11A was significantly overexpressed in CLL samples compared to control samples (p < 0.001). BCL11A expression level exhibited no association with age, sex, leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin level, serum β2-microglobulin, CD38 status and cytogenetic abnormalities. On the other hand, high BCL11A expression was associated with low serum lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.031), Binet A stage (p = 0.047) and mutated IGHV (p = 0.028). In addition, a positive correlation with BCL2/BAX mRNA ratio was observed (r = 0.36; p < 0.001). Regarding the association with the time to first treatment (TTFT), a trend towards longer median TTFT in BCL11A high- versus BCL11A low-expressing cases was detected (21 vs. 6 months; p = 0.164). CONCLUSION The results of this study show that BCL11A is upregulated in CLL patients, and that high BCL11A expression at diagnosis may be associated with better prognosis. These data are consistent with the role of BCL11A expression in CLL biology, and imply its potential prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Tosic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Ugrin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Marjanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kostic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojin Vukovic
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Tomic
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Darko Antic
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Mihaljevic
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Teodora Karan-Djurasevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Zhang Q, Gao Y, Lin S, Goldin LR, Wang Y, Stevenson H, Edelman DC, Killian K, Marti G, Meltzer PS, Xiang S, Caporaso NE. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Front Genet 2023; 13:1056043. [PMID: 36712882 PMCID: PMC9873975 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation aberrations are widespread among the malignant B lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), suggesting that DNA methylation might contribute to the pathogenesis of CLL. Aim: We aimed to explore the differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with CLL and screen the differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs) by combining public databases. We aimed to observe the direction of each DMEG in CLL based on the DMPs in the promoter and the body region respectively to narrow down DMEGs. We also aimed to explore the methylation heterogeneity of CLL subgroups and the effect of B cells maturation on CLL. Methods: In this population-based case control study, we reported a genome-wide DNA methylation association study using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, profiling the DNA methylation of CD19+ B Cells from 48 CLL cases and 28 healthy controls. By integrating methylation data and expression data from public databases, gene sets were jointly screened, and then the relationship between methylation sites in promoter and body region and expression of each gene was explored. In addition, support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm was used to identify subgroups of CLL cases based on methylation pattern, and the effect of B-cell differentiation related methylation sites on CLL-related sites was observed. Results: We identified 34,797 DMPs related to CLL across the genome, most of which were hypomethylated; the majority were located in gene body regions. By combining these DMPs with published DNA methylation and RNA sequencing data, we detected 26,244 replicated DMPs associated with 1,130 genes whose expression were significantly different in CLL cases. Among these DMEGs, nine low expressed DMEGs were selected with hypermethylated in promoter and hypomethylated in body region, and 83 high expressed DMEGs were selected with both hypomethylated in promoter and body region. The 48 CLL cases were divided into 3 subgroups based on methylation site by SVM algorithm. Over 92% of CpGs associated with B cell subtypes were found in CLL-related DMPs. Conclusion: The DNA methylation pattern was altered across the genome in CLL patients. The methylation of ZAP70, FMOD, and ADAMTS17 was significantly different between CLL cases and controls. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings and identify the underlying mechanisms through which these methylation markers are associated with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Ying Gao,
| | - Shuchun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lynn R. Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Holly Stevenson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel C. Edelman
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Keith Killian
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gerald Marti
- Lymphoid Malignancies Section, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Song Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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de Leval L, Alizadeh AA, Bergsagel PL, Campo E, Davies A, Dogan A, Fitzgibbon J, Horwitz SM, Melnick AM, Morice WG, Morin RD, Nadel B, Pileri SA, Rosenquist R, Rossi D, Salaverria I, Steidl C, Treon SP, Zelenetz AD, Advani RH, Allen CE, Ansell SM, Chan WC, Cook JR, Cook LB, d’Amore F, Dirnhofer S, Dreyling M, Dunleavy K, Feldman AL, Fend F, Gaulard P, Ghia P, Gribben JG, Hermine O, Hodson DJ, Hsi ED, Inghirami G, Jaffe ES, Karube K, Kataoka K, Klapper W, Kim WS, King RL, Ko YH, LaCasce AS, Lenz G, Martin-Subero JI, Piris MA, Pittaluga S, Pasqualucci L, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Rodig SJ, Rosenwald A, Salles GA, San-Miguel J, Savage KJ, Sehn LH, Semenzato G, Staudt LM, Swerdlow SH, Tam CS, Trotman J, Vose JM, Weigert O, Wilson WH, Winter JN, Wu CJ, Zinzani PL, Zucca E, Bagg A, Scott DW. Genomic profiling for clinical decision making in lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2022; 140:2193-2227. [PMID: 36001803 PMCID: PMC9837456 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been characterized at an unprecedented scale. Although the principles for the classification and diagnosis of these disorders, founded on a multidimensional definition of disease entities, have been consolidated over the past 25 years, novel genomic data have markedly enhanced our understanding of lymphomagenesis and enriched the description of disease entities at the molecular level. Yet, the current diagnosis of lymphoid tumors is largely based on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with only few entities being defined by genomic criteria. This paper, which accompanies the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms, will address how established assays and newly developed technologies for molecular testing already complement clinical diagnoses and provide a novel lens on disease classification. More specifically, their contributions to diagnosis refinement, risk stratification, and therapy prediction will be considered for the main categories of lymphoid neoplasms. The potential of whole-genome sequencing, circulating tumor DNA analyses, single-cell analyses, and epigenetic profiling will be discussed because these will likely become important future tools for implementing precision medicine approaches in clinical decision making for patients with lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ash A. Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - P. Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Elias Campo
- Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Davies
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ari M. Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - William G. Morice
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ryan D. Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Stefano A. Pileri
- Haematopathology Division, IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IEO, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Davide Rossi
- Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Andrew D. Zelenetz
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ranjana H. Advani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Carl E. Allen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - James R. Cook
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lucy B. Cook
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco d’Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kieron Dunleavy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRB, INSERM U955, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - John G. Gribben
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service D’hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Université René Descartes, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Daniel J. Hodson
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric D. Hsi
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Elaine S. Jaffe
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Toyko, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rebecca L. King
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Young H. Ko
- Department of Pathology, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | | | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - José I. Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Piris
- Department of Pathology, Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Gilles A. Salles
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jesus San-Miguel
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Cancer Center of University of Navarra, Cima Universidad de NavarraI, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Céncer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kerry J. Savage
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laurie H. Sehn
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven H. Swerdlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Judith Trotman
- Haematology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medicine III, LMU Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Wyndham H. Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jane N. Winter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Pier L. Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istitudo di Ematologia “Seràgnoli” and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David W. Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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8
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Gasic V, Karan-Djurasevic T, Pavlovic D, Zukic B, Pavlovic S, Tosic N. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Leukemia. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1770. [PMID: 36362925 PMCID: PMC9695865 DOI: 10.3390/life12111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogenous group of hematological malignancies categorized in four main types (acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Several cytogenetic and molecular markers have become a part of routine analysis for leukemia patients. These markers have been used in diagnosis, risk-stratification and targeted therapy application. Recent studies have indicated that numerous regulatory RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a role in tumor initiation and progression. When it comes to leukemia, data for lncRNA involvement in its etiology, progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis is limited. The aim of this review is to summarize research data on lncRNAs in different types of leukemia, on their expression pattern, their role in leukemic transformation and disease progression. The usefulness of this information in the clinical setting, i.e., for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, will be emphasized. Finally, how particular lncRNAs could be used as potential targets for the application of targeted therapy will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gasic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Bühler MM, Martin-Subero JI, Pan-Hammarström Q, Campo E, Rosenquist R. Towards precision medicine in lymphoid malignancies. J Intern Med 2022; 292:221-242. [PMID: 34875132 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Careful histopathologic examination remains the cornerstone in the diagnosis of the clinically and biologically heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies. However, recent advances in genomic and epigenomic characterization using high-throughput technologies have significantly improved our understanding of these tumors. Although no single genomic alteration is completely specific for a lymphoma entity, some alterations are highly recurrent in certain entities and thus can provide complementary diagnostic information when integrated in the hematopathological diagnostic workup. Moreover, other alterations may provide important information regarding the clinical course, that is, prognostic or risk-stratifying markers, or response to treatment, that is, predictive markers, which may allow tailoring of the patient's treatment based on (epi)genetic characteristics. In this review, we will focus on clinically relevant diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers identified in more common types of B-cell malignancies, and discuss how diagnostic assays designed for comprehensive molecular profiling may pave the way for the implementation of precision diagnostics/medicine approaches. We will also discuss future directions in this rapidly evolving field, including the application of single-cell sequencing and other omics technologies, to decipher clonal dynamics and evolution in lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Bühler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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10
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Smith AL, Eiken AP, Skupa SA, Moore DY, Umeta LT, Smith LM, Lyden ER, D’Angelo CR, Kallam A, Vose JM, Kutateladze TG, El-Gamal D. A Novel Triple-Action Inhibitor Targeting B-Cell Receptor Signaling and BRD4 Demonstrates Preclinical Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6712. [PMID: 35743155 PMCID: PMC9224275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from intrinsic genetic defects and complex microenvironment stimuli that fuel CLL cell growth through an array of survival signaling pathways. Novel small-molecule agents targeting the B-cell receptor pathway and anti-apoptotic proteins alone or in combination have revolutionized the management of CLL, yet combination therapy carries significant toxicity and CLL remains incurable due to residual disease and relapse. Single-molecule inhibitors that can target multiple disease-driving factors are thus an attractive approach to combat both drug resistance and combination-therapy-related toxicities. We demonstrate that SRX3305, a novel small-molecule BTK/PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor that targets three distinctive facets of CLL biology, attenuates CLL cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. SRX3305 also inhibits the activation-induced proliferation of primary CLL cells in vitro and effectively blocks microenvironment-mediated survival signals, including stromal cell contact. Furthermore, SRX3305 blocks CLL cell migration toward CXCL-12 and CXCL-13, which are major chemokines involved in CLL cell homing and retention in microenvironment niches. Importantly, SRX3305 maintains its anti-tumor effects in ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells. Collectively, this study establishes the preclinical efficacy of SRX3305 in CLL, providing significant rationale for its development as a therapeutic agent for CLL and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L. Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Alexandria P. Eiken
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Sydney A. Skupa
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Dalia Y. Moore
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Lelisse T. Umeta
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.M.S.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.M.S.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Christopher R. D’Angelo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
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11
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Ruan X, Zhang R, Zhu H, Ye C, Wang Z, Dong E, Li R, Cheng Z, Peng H. Research progress on epigenetics of small B-cell lymphoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1501-1514. [PMID: 35334078 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Small B-cell lymphoma is the classification of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders that include chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. The clinical presentation is somewhat heterogeneous, and its occurrence and development mechanisms are not yet precise and may involve epigenetic changes. Epigenetic alterations mainly include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, which are essential for genetic detection, early diagnosis, and assessment of treatment resistance in small B-cell lymphoma. As chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma has already been reported in the literature, this article focuses on small B-cell lymphomas such as follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. It discusses recent developments in epigenetic research to diagnose and treat this group of lymphomas. This review provides new ideas for the treatment and prognosis assessment of small B-cell lymphoma by exploring the connection between small B-cell lymphoma and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - En Dong
- Blood Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Poppova L, Pavlova S, Gonzalez B, Kotaskova J, Plevova K, Dumbovic G, Janovska P, Bystry V, Panovska A, Bezdekova L, Maslejova S, Brychtova Y, Doubek M, Krzyzankova M, Borsky M, Mayer J, Bryja V, Alonso S, Pospisilova S. Memory B-cell like chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with specific methylation profile of WNT5A promoter and undetectable expression of WNT5A gene. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1628-1635. [PMID: 35333703 PMCID: PMC9621079 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2050004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome methylation profiles define naïve-like (n-CLL), memory-like (m-CLL), and intermediate (i-CLL) subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The profiles can be easily determined by the analysis of the five-CpG signature. m-CLL, i-CLL, and n-CLL with the good, intermediate, and poor prognoses, respectively, differ by the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV), a widely used prognostic predictor in CLL. We have previously shown that the expression of WNT5A, encoding a ROR1 ligand, distinguishes patients with the worse outcome within the prognostically favourable IGHV-mutated subgroup. To analyse the mechanisms controlling WNT5A expression, we investigated the methylation status of 54 CpG sites within the WNT5A promoter and its relation to the WNT5A gene expression. In a cohort of 59 CLL patients balanced for combinations of IGHV and WNT5A statuses, we identified three promoter CpG sites whose methylation level correlated with the WNT5A expression within the IGHV-mutated subgroup. Further, we complemented our data with the methylation status of the five-CpG signature. IGHV-mutated/WNT5A-negative and IGHV-mutated/WNT5A-positive cases overlapped with m‑CLL and i‑CLL methylation subgroups, respectively, while most IGHV‑unmutated samples were assigned to n-CLL. Median methylation levels of all the three CpG sites in the WNT5A promoter were lowest in i-CLL. Finally, a detailed analysis of m-CLL and i-CLL showed that undetectable WNT5A expression predicts longer treatment-free survival with higher statistical significance than the classification according to the five-CpG signature. To conclude, a favourable m-CLL subgroup is associated with mutated IGHV and undetectable WNT5A expression due to its promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Poppova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pavlova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beatriz Gonzalez
- IGTP-PMPPC: Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jana Kotaskova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabrijela Dumbovic
- IGTP-PMPPC: Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pavlina Janovska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Bystry
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Panovska
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bezdekova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Maslejova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Brychtova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Krzyzankova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Borsky
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Alonso
- IGTP-PMPPC: Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Severin F, Urbani A, Varanita T, Bachmann M, Azzolini M, Martini V, Pizzi M, Tos APD, Frezzato F, Mattarei A, Ghia P, Bertilaccio MTS, Gulbins E, Paradisi C, Zoratti M, Semenzato GC, Leanza L, Trentin L, Szabò I. Pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 potassium channel selectively triggers pathological B lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo in a genetic CLL model. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:64. [PMID: 35172855 PMCID: PMC8848658 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels are emerging as promising oncological targets. The potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa are highly expressed in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, compared to healthy lymphocytes. In vitro, inhibition of mitoKv1.3 by PAPTP was shown to kill ex vivo primary human CLL cells, while targeting IKCa with TRAM-34 decreased CLL cell proliferation. METHODS Here we evaluated the effect of the above drugs in CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients and in combination with Venetoclax, two drugs used in the clinical practice. The effects of the drugs were tested also in the Eμ-TCL1 genetic CLL murine model, characterized by a lympho-proliferative disease reminiscent of aggressive human CLL. Eμ-TCL1 mice showing overt disease state were treated with intraperitoneal injections of non-toxic 5 nmol/g PAPTP or 10 nmol/g TRAM-34 once a day and the number and percentage of pathological B cells (CD19+CD5+) in different, pathologically relevant body districts were determined. RESULTS We show that Kv1.3 expression correlates with sensitivity of the human and mouse neoplastic cells to PAPTP. Primary CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients could be killed with PAPTP and this drug enhanced the effect of Venetoclax, by acting on mitoKv1.3 of the inner mitochondrial membrane and triggering rapid mitochondrial changes and cytochrome c release. In vivo, after 2 week- therapy of Eμ-TCL1 mice harboring distinct CLL clones, leukemia burden was reduced by more than 85%: the number and percentage of CLL B cells fall in the spleen and peritoneal cavity and in the peripheral blood, without signs of toxicity. Notably, CLL infiltration into liver and spleen and splenomegaly were also drastically reduced upon PAPTP treatment. In contrast, TRAM-34 did not exert any beneficial effect when administered in vivo to Eμ-TCL1 mice at non-toxic concentration. CONCLUSION Altogether, by comparing vehicle versus compound effect in different Eμ-TCL1 animals bearing unique clones similarly to CLL patients, we conclude that PAPTP significantly reduced leukemia burden in CLL-relevant districts, even in animals with advanced stage of the disease. Our results thus identify PAPTP as a very promising drug for CLL treatment, even for the chemoresistant forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, Pathology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, Pathology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Carlo Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy.
| | - Ildiko Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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14
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RPPA-based proteomics recognizes distinct epigenetic signatures in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with clinical consequences. Leukemia 2021; 36:712-722. [PMID: 34625713 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) armamentarium has evolved significantly, with novel therapies that inhibit Bruton Tyrosine Kinase, PI3K delta and/or the BCL2 protein improving outcomes. Still, the clinical course of CLL patients is highly variable and most previously recognized prognostic features lack the capacity to predict response to modern treatments indicating the need for new prognostic markers. In this study, we identified four epigenetically distinct proteomic signatures of a large cohort of CLL and related diseases derived samples (n = 871) using reverse phase protein array technology. These signatures are associated with clinical features including age, cytogenetic abnormalities [trisomy 12, del(13q) and del(17p)], immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IGHV) mutational load, ZAP-70 status, Binet and Rai staging as well as with the outcome measures of time to treatment and overall survival. Protein signature membership was identified as predictive marker for overall survival regardless of other clinical features. Among the analyzed epigenetic proteins, EZH2, HDAC6, and loss of H3K27me3 levels were the most independently associated with poor survival. These findings demonstrate that proteomic based epigenetic biomarkers can be used to better classify CLL patients and provide therapeutic guidance.
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15
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DNA Methylation and Intra-Clonal Heterogeneity: The Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143587. [PMID: 34298798 PMCID: PMC8307727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a model to investigate the impact of tumor intra-clonal heterogeneity in personalized medicine. Indeed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is considered the major CML driver. TKI use has highlighted the existence of intra-clonal heterogeneity, as indicated by the persistence of a minority subclone for several years despite the presence of the target fusion protein in all cells. Epigenetic modifications could partly explain this heterogeneity. This review summarizes the results of DNA methylation studies in CML. Next-generation sequencing technologies allowed for moving from single-gene to genome-wide analyses showing that methylation abnormalities are much more widespread in CML cells. These data showed that global hypomethylation is associated with hypermethylation of specific sites already at diagnosis in the early phase of CML. The BCR-ABL-independence of some methylation profile alterations and the recent demonstration of the initial intra-clonal DNA methylation heterogeneity suggests that some DNA methylation alterations may be biomarkers of TKI sensitivity/resistance and of disease progression risk. These results also open perspectives for understanding the epigenetic/genetic background of CML predisposition and for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Mavridou D, Psatha K, Aivaliotis M. Proteomics and Drug Repurposing in CLL towards Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143391. [PMID: 34298607 PMCID: PMC8303629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite continued efforts, the current status of knowledge in CLL molecular pathobiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment remains elusive and imprecise. Proteomics approaches combined with advanced bioinformatics and drug repurposing promise to shed light on the complex proteome heterogeneity of CLL patients and mitigate, improve, or even eliminate the knowledge stagnation. In relation to this concept, this review presents a brief overview of all the available proteomics and drug repurposing studies in CLL and suggests the way such studies can be exploited to find effective therapeutic options combined with drug repurposing strategies to adopt and accost a more “precision medicine” spectrum. Abstract CLL is a hematological malignancy considered as the most frequent lymphoproliferative disease in the western world. It is characterized by high molecular heterogeneity and despite the available therapeutic options, there are many patient subgroups showing the insufficient effectiveness of disease treatment. The challenge is to investigate the individual molecular characteristics and heterogeneity of these patients. Proteomics analysis is a powerful approach that monitors the constant state of flux operators of genetic information and can unravel the proteome heterogeneity and rewiring into protein pathways in CLL patients. This review essences all the available proteomics studies in CLL and suggests the way these studies can be exploited to find effective therapeutic options combined with drug repurposing approaches. Drug repurposing utilizes all the existing knowledge of the safety and efficacy of FDA-approved or investigational drugs and anticipates drug alignment to crucial CLL therapeutic targets, leading to a better disease outcome. The drug repurposing studies in CLL are also discussed in this review. The next goal involves the integration of proteomics-based drug repurposing in precision medicine, as well as the application of this procedure into clinical practice to predict the most appropriate drugs combination that could ensure therapy and the long-term survival of each CLL patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Mavridou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh)—Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Psatha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh)—Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh)—Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (M.A.)
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Pérez-Carretero C, González-Gascón-y-Marín I, Rodríguez-Vicente AE, Quijada-Álamo M, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Hernández-Sánchez M, Hernández-Rivas JM. The Evolving Landscape of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050853. [PMID: 34068813 PMCID: PMC8151186 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has progressively deepened during the last forty years. Research activities and clinical studies have been remarkably fruitful in novel findings elucidating multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease, improving CLL diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Whereas the diagnostic criteria for CLL have not substantially changed over time, prognostication has experienced an expansion with the identification of new biological and genetic biomarkers. Thanks to next-generation sequencing (NGS), an unprecedented number of gene mutations were identified with potential prognostic and predictive value in the 2010s, although significant work on their validation is still required before they can be used in a routine clinical setting. In terms of treatment, there has been an impressive explosion of new approaches based on targeted therapies for CLL patients during the last decade. In this current chemotherapy-free era, BCR and BCL2 inhibitors have changed the management of CLL patients and clearly improved their prognosis and quality of life. In this review, we provide an overview of these novel advances, as well as point out questions that should be further addressed to continue improving the outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pérez-Carretero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (A.E.R.-V.); (M.Q.-Á.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ana E. Rodríguez-Vicente
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (A.E.R.-V.); (M.Q.-Á.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Quijada-Álamo
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (A.E.R.-V.); (M.Q.-Á.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José-Ángel Hernández-Rivas
- Department of Hematology, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-G.-y-M.); (J.-Á.H.-R.)
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (A.E.R.-V.); (M.Q.-Á.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.H.-S.); (J.M.H.-R.); Tel.: +34-923-294-812 (M.H.-S. & J.M.H.-R.)
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (A.E.R.-V.); (M.Q.-Á.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.H.-S.); (J.M.H.-R.); Tel.: +34-923-294-812 (M.H.-S. & J.M.H.-R.)
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18
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Peters FS, Strefford JC, Eldering E, Kater AP. T-cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia from an epigenetic perspective. Haematologica 2021; 106:1234-1243. [PMID: 33691381 PMCID: PMC8586819 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.267914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapeutic approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) thus far have not met the high expectations. Therefore it is essential to better understand the molecular mechanisms of CLLinduced T-cell dysfunction. Even though a significant number of studies are available on T-cell function and dysfunction in CLL patients, none examine dysfunction at the epigenomic level. In non-malignant T-cell research, epigenomics is widely employed to define the differentiation pathway into T-cell exhaustion. Additionally, metabolic restrictions in the tumor microenvironment that cause T-cell dysfunction are often mediated by epigenetic changes. With this review paper we argue that understanding the epigenetic (dys)regulation in T cells of CLL patients should be leveled to the knowledge we currently have of the neoplastic B cells themselves. This will permit a complete understanding of how these immune cell interactions regulate T- and B-cell function. Here we relate the cellular and phenotypic characteristics of CLL-induced T-cell dysfunction to epigenetic studies of T-cell regulation emerging from chronic viral infection and tumor models. This paper proposes a framework for future studies into the epigenetic regulation of CLL-induced Tcell dysfunction, knowledge that will help to guide improvements in the utility of autologous T-cell based therapies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur S Peters
- Experimental Immunology; Departments of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and.
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Departments of Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eric Eldering
- Experimental Immunology; Departments of Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Departments of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
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Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia can be divided into three categories: those who are minimally affected by the problem, often never requiring therapy; those that initially follow an indolent course but subsequently progress and require therapy; and those that from the point of diagnosis exhibit an aggressive disease necessitating treatment. Likewise, such patients pass through three phases: development of the disease, diagnosis, and need for therapy. Finally, the leukemic clones of all patients appear to require continuous input from the exterior, most often through membrane receptors, to allow them to survive and grow. This review is presented according to the temporal course that the disease follows, focusing on those external influences from the tissue microenvironment (TME) that support the time lines as well as those internal influences that are inherited or develop as genetic and epigenetic changes occurring over the time line. Regarding the former, special emphasis is placed on the input provided via the B-cell receptor for antigen and the C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor-4 and the therapeutic agents that block these inputs. Regarding the latter, prominence is laid upon inherited susceptibility genes and the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that lead to the developmental and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Kanti R. Rai
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA
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20
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Gaydou L, Rossetti MF, Tschopp MV, Stoker C, Bosquiazzo VL, Ramos JG. Epigenetic regulation of steroidogenic enzymes expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105767. [PMID: 33011313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone synthesis occurs in various organs and tissues besides the gonads, such as adrenal glands, brain, intestines, skin, fat, bone, and cells of the immune system. Regarding the latter, it is still not clear which pathways are active, and if they are modified in case of illness of the immune system. Our goal in this study was to determine mRNA expression of different steroidogenic enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals of both sexes and of different ages, and then to compare their expression between healthy individuals and patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Furthermore, to elucidate possible mechanisms that regulate enzyme expression, we analyzed epigenetic events like promoter methylation. We determined that normal cells of the immune system, regardless of sex and age, expressed P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc), cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/c17,20-lyase (P45017α), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4-isomerase (3β-HSD), steroid 5 α reductase (5α-R) types 1, 2 and 3, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) type 3, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) types 1, 3 and 5. We also established that 5α-R 1, 5α-R 3, 3α-HSD 3, 17β-HSD 1 and 17β-HSD 5 expression was altered in CLL patients, and that promoter regions of 5α-R 1, 17β-HSD 1 and 17β-HSD 5 were diferentially methylated. These results suggest that steroidogenic pathways may be affected in CLL cells, and this could be related to disease pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Estradiol/blood
- Female
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Progesterone/blood
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Testosterone/blood
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gaydou
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral(ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ma Florencia Rossetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral(ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ma Virginia Tschopp
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral(ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Cora Stoker
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral(ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral(ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral(ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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21
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Clonal dynamics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3759-3769. [PMID: 31770443 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a highly variable disease course across patients, thought to be driven by the vast inter- and intrapatient molecular heterogeneity described in several large-scale DNA-sequencing studies conducted over the past decade. Although the last 5 years have seen a dramatic shift in the therapeutic landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including the regulatory approval of several potent targeted agents (ie, idelalisib, ibrutinib, venetoclax), the vast majority of patients still inevitably experience disease recurrence or persistence. Recent genome-wide sequencing approaches have helped to identify subclonal populations within tumors that demonstrate a broad spectrum of somatic mutations, diverse levels of response to therapy, patterns of repopulation, and growth kinetics. Understanding the impact of genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic features on clonal growth dynamics and drug response will be an important step toward the selection and timing of therapy.
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22
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Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate ITGA4 gene expression pattern and to explore its methylation heterogeneity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients & methods: Eighty one CLL patients and 75 healthy subjects were enrolled and prognostic evaluation of patients was assessed. ITGA4 q-realtime PCR was performed using Applied Biosystems, TaqMan gene expression assay. ITGA4 gene-specific CpG methylation was investigated in real time using pyrosequencing technology. Results: ITGA4 was differentially expressed in CLL patients. The CpG sites-1, 2 and 3 showed significantly higher mean levels than healthy controls (p = <0.001, 0.007 and 0.009). Significant association between CpG site-1 and CLL has been detected using age-adjusted logistic regression (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hypermethylation at ITGA4 gene CpG sites (1,2,3) is a characteristic feature in CLL. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder that is characterized by heterogeneous presentation. The ITGA4 gene (CD49d) encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. With this study we aimed to investigate the ITGA4 gene expression by q-realtime PCR and to explore its methylation heterogeneity using pyrosequencing technology in CLL. We found that the ITGA4 gene was differentially expressed in CLL patients. A significant association between CpG site-1 and CLL has been detected using age-adjusted logistic regression analysis. Hypermethylation at ITGA4 gene CpG sites (1,2,3) is a characteristic feature in CLL when compared with healthy controls.
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García-Guede Á, Vera O, Ibáñez-de-Caceres I. When Oxidative Stress Meets Epigenetics: Implications in Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060468. [PMID: 32492865 PMCID: PMC7346131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and it can affect any part of the organism. It arises as a consequence of the genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the uncontrolled growth of the cells. The epigenetic machinery can regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and it comprises methylation of the DNA, histones modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Alterations of these gene-expression regulatory elements can be produced by an imbalance of the intracellular environment, such as the one derived by oxidative stress, to promote cancer development, progression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Here we review the current literature on the effect of oxidative stress in the epigenetic machinery, especially over the largely unknown ncRNAs and its consequences toward cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García-Guede
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Ibáñez-de-Caceres
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Zhang H, Ying H, Wang X. Methyltransferase DNMT3B in leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:263-273. [PMID: 31547729 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1666377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are highly conserved DNA-modifying enzymes that play important roles in epigenetic regulation and they are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In mammalian cells, three active DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1 acts as a maintenance methyltransferase to replicate preexisting methylation patterns, whereas DNMT3A and DNMT3B primarily act as de novo methyltransferases that are responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns by adding a methyl group to cytosine bases. The expression of DNMT3B is widespread in a variety of hematological cells and it is altered in each type of leukemia, which is associated with its pathogenesis, progression, treatment, and prognosis. Here, we review current information on DNMT3B in leukemia, including its expression, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, mutations, regulation, function, and clinical value for anti-leukemic therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Houqun Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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25
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Celebrating 20 Years of IGHV Mutation Analysis in CLL. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e334. [PMID: 32382709 PMCID: PMC7000474 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The division of CLL into 2 broad subsets with highly significant differences in clinical behavior was reported in 2 landmark papers in Blood in 1999.1,2 The simple analysis of the mutational status of the IGV regions provided both a prognostic indicator and an insight into the cellular origins. Derivation from B cells with very low or no IGV mutations generally leads to a more aggressive disease course than derivation from B cells with higher levels. This finding focused attention on surface Ig (sIg), the major B-cell receptor, and revealed dynamic antigen engagement in vivo as a tumor driver. It has also led to new drugs aimed at components of the intracellular activation cascades. After 20 years, the 2 senior authors of those papers have looked at the history of the observations and at the increasing understanding of the role of sIg in CLL that have emanated from them. As in the past, studies of CLL have provided a link between biology and the clinic, enabling more precise targeting which attacks critical pathways but minimizes side effects.
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26
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Gutierrez C, Wu CJ. Clonal dynamics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2019; 2019:466-475. [PMID: 31808879 PMCID: PMC6913465 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2019000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a highly variable disease course across patients, thought to be driven by the vast inter- and intrapatient molecular heterogeneity described in several large-scale DNA-sequencing studies conducted over the past decade. Although the last 5 years have seen a dramatic shift in the therapeutic landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including the regulatory approval of several potent targeted agents (ie, idelalisib, ibrutinib, venetoclax), the vast majority of patients still inevitably experience disease recurrence or persistence. Recent genome-wide sequencing approaches have helped to identify subclonal populations within tumors that demonstrate a broad spectrum of somatic mutations, diverse levels of response to therapy, patterns of repopulation, and growth kinetics. Understanding the impact of genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic features on clonal growth dynamics and drug response will be an important step toward the selection and timing of therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Piperidines
- Purines/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Quinazolinones/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Transcriptome
- Whole Genome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gutierrez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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27
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Tsagiopoulou M, Papakonstantinou N, Moysiadis T, Mansouri L, Ljungström V, Duran-Ferrer M, Malousi A, Queirós AC, Plevova K, Bhoi S, Kollia P, Oscier D, Anagnostopoulos A, Trentin L, Ritgen M, Pospisilova S, Stavroyianni N, Ghia P, Martin-Subero JI, Pott C, Rosenquist R, Stamatopoulos K. DNA methylation profiles in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:177. [PMID: 31791414 PMCID: PMC6889736 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to gain insight into the contribution of DNA methylation to disease progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), using 450K Illumina arrays, we determined the DNA methylation profiles in paired pre-treatment/relapse samples from 34 CLL patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy, mostly (n = 31) with the fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) regimen. Results The extent of identified changes in CLL cells versus memory B cells from healthy donors was termed “epigenetic burden” (EB) whereas the number of changes between the pre-treatment versus the relapse sample was termed “relapse changes” (RC). Significant (p < 0.05) associations were identified between (i) high EB and short time-to-first-treatment (TTFT); and, (ii) few RCs and short time-to-relapse. Both the EB and the RC clustered in specific genomic regions and chromatin states, including regulatory regions containing binding sites of transcription factors implicated in B cell and CLL biology. Conclusions Overall, we show that DNA methylation in CLL follows different dynamics in response to chemoimmunotherapy. These epigenetic alterations were linked with specific clinical and biological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsagiopoulou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR, Greece.,Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR, Greece
| | - Theodoros Moysiadis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktor Ljungström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andigoni Malousi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ana C Queirós
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karla Plevova
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sujata Bhoi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David Oscier
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Matthias Ritgen
- Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Niki Stavroyianni
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christiane Pott
- Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR, Greece. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Xanthopoulos C, Kostareli E. Advances in Epigenetics and Epigenomics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The development and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a highly heterogenous B cell malignancy, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors, including pharmacological interventions, can affect the epigenetic landscape of CLL and thereby determine the CLL phenotype, clonal evolution, and clinical outcome. In this review, we critically present the latest advances in the field of CLL epigenomics/epigenetics in order to provide a systematic overview of to-date achievements and highlight the potential of epigenomics approaches in light of novel treatment therapies.
Recent Findings
Recent technological advances have enabled broad and precise mapping of the CLL epigenome. The identification of CLL-specific DNA methylation patterns has allowed for accurate CLL subtype definition, a better understanding of clonal origin and evolution, and the discovery of reliable biomarkers. More recently, studies have started to unravel the prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic potential of mapping chromatin dynamics and histone modifications in CLL. Finally, analysis of non-coding RNA expression has indicated their contribution to disease pathogenesis and helped to define prognostic subsets in CLL.
Summary
Overall, the potential of CLL epigenomics for predicting treatment response and resistance is mounting, especially with the advent of novel targeted CLL therapies.
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Tang LJ, Sun GK, Zhang TJ, Wu DH, Zhou JD, Ma BB, Xu ZJ, Wen XM, Chen Q, Yao DM, Qian J, Ma JC, Lin J. Down-regulation of miR-29c is a prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia and can reduce the sensitivity of leukemic cells to decitabine. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:177. [PMID: 31333331 PMCID: PMC6617691 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-29c (miR-29c) is abnormally expressed in several cancers and serves as an important predictor of tumor prognosis. Herein, we investigate the effects of abnormal miR-29c expression and analyze its clinical significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. In addition, decitabine (DAC) has made great progress in the treatment of AML in recent years, but DAC resistance is still common phenomenon and the mechanism of resistance is still unclear. We further analyze the influences of miR-29c to leukemic cells treated with DAC. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was carried out to detect miR-29c transcript level in 102 de novo AML patients and 25 normal controls. miR-29c/shRNA-29c were respectively transfected into K562 cells and HEL cells. Cell viability after transfection was detected by cell counting Kit-8 assays. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Results MiR-29c was significantly down-regulated in AML (P < 0.001). Low miR-29c expression was frequently observed in patients with poor karyotype and high risk (P = 0.006 and 0.013, respectively). Patients with low miR-29c expression had a markedly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with high miR-29c expression (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic value of low miR-29c expression in both the whole cohort as well as the cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) subset. Over-expression of miR-29c in K562 treated with DAC inhibited growth, while silencing of miR-29c in HEL promoted growth and inhibited apoptosis. MiR-29c overexpression decreased the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DAC in K562, while miR-29c silencing increased the IC50 of DAC in HEL. The demethylation of the miR-29c promoter was associated with its up-regulated expression. Although miR-29c demethylation was also observed in DAC-resistant K562 (K562/DAC), miR-29c expression was down-regulated. MiR-29c transfection also promoted apoptosis and decreased the IC50 of DAC in K562/DAC cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-29c down-regulation may act as an independent prognostic biomarker in AML patients, and miR-29c over-expression can increase the sensitivity of both non-resistant and resistant of leukemic cells to DAC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0894-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tang
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Kang Sun
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan City, 615 Zizhu Rd, Kunshan, 215300 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Ma
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Yao
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- 2Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- 1Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., Zhenjiang, 212002 People's Republic of China
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30
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SATB family chromatin organizers as master regulators of tumor progression. Oncogene 2018; 38:1989-2004. [PMID: 30413763 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SATB (Special AT-rich binding protein) family proteins have emerged as key regulators that integrate higher-order chromatin organization with the regulation of gene expression. Studies over the past decade have elucidated the specific roles of SATB1 and SATB2, two closely related members of this family, in cancer progression. SATB family chromatin organizers play diverse and important roles in regulating the dynamic equilibrium of apoptosis, cell invasion, metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. This review highlights cellular and molecular events governed by SATB1 influencing the structural organization of chromatin and interacting with several co-activators and co-repressors of transcription towards tumor progression. SATB1 expression across tumor cell types generates cellular and molecular heterogeneity culminating in tumor relapse and metastasis. SATB1 exhibits dynamic expression within intratumoral cell types regulated by the tumor microenvironment, which culminates towards tumor progression. Recent studies suggested that cell-specific expression of SATB1 across tumor recruited dendritic cells (DC), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T regulatory cells (Tregs) and tumor epithelial cells along with tumor microenvironment act as primary determinants of tumor progression and tumor inflammation. In contrast, SATB2 is differentially expressed in an array of cancer types and is involved in tumorigenesis. Survival analysis for patients across an array of cancer types correlated with expression of SATB family chromatin organizers suggested tissue-specific expression of SATB1 and SATB2 contributing to disease prognosis. In this context, it is pertinent to understand molecular players, cellular pathways, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms governed by cell types within tumors regulated by SATB proteins. We propose that patient survival analysis based on the expression profile of SATB chromatin organizers would facilitate their unequivocal establishment as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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31
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Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Imaoka T, Friedl AA, Badie C. Influence of diet and metabolism on hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:452-479. [PMID: 29932783 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The review aims to discuss the prominence of dietary and metabolic regulators in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, long-term self-renewal, and differentiation. RESULTS Most adult stem cells are preserved in a quiescent, nonmotile state in vivo which acts as a "protective state" for stem cells to reduce endogenous stress provoked by DNA replication and cellular respiration as well as exogenous environmental stress. The dynamic balance between quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation is critical for supporting a functional blood system throughout life of an organism. Stress-conditions, for example ionizing radiation exposure can trigger the blood forming HSCs to proliferate and migrate through extramedullary tissues to expand the number of HSCs and increase hematopoiesis. In addition, a wealth of investigation validated that deregulation of this balance plays a critical pathogenic role in various different hematopoietic diseases including the leukemia development. CONCLUSION The review summarizes the current knowledge on how alterations in dietary and metabolic factors could alter the risk of leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure by inhibiting or even reversing the leukemic progression. Understanding the influence of diet, metabolism, and epigenetics on radiation-induced leukemogenesis may lead to the development of practical interventions to reduce the risk in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK.,b CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- c Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba , Japan
| | - Anna A Friedl
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christophe Badie
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Rosati E, Baldoni S, De Falco F, Del Papa B, Dorillo E, Rompietti C, Albi E, Falzetti F, Di Ianni M, Sportoletti P. NOTCH1 Aberrations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:229. [PMID: 29998084 PMCID: PMC6030253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable B-cell neoplasm characterized by highly variable clinical outcomes. In recent years, genomic and molecular studies revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in CLL, which mirrored the clinical diversity of this disease. These studies profoundly enhanced our understanding of leukemia cell biology and led to the identification of new biomarkers with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance. Accumulating evidence indicates a key role of deregulated NOTCH1 signaling and NOTCH1 mutations in CLL. This review highlights recent discoveries that improve our understanding of the pathophysiological NOTCH1 signaling in CLL and the clinical impact of NOTCH1 mutations in retrospective and prospective trials. In addition, we discuss the rationale for a therapeutic strategy aiming at inhibiting NOTCH1 signaling in CLL, along with an overview on the currently available NOTCH1-directed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Department of Life, Hematology Section, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filomena De Falco
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Erica Dorillo
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albi
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franca Falzetti
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Biotechnologies, Ospedale Civile, Pescara, Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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