1
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Li Y, Fei H, Xiao Z, Lu X, Zhang H, Liu M. Comprehensive analysis of EphA2 in pan-cancer: A prognostic biomarker associated with cancer immunity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13902. [PMID: 38886133 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported a significant relationship between Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) and malignant progression in numerous cancers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive pan-cancer analysis on the prognostic value, mutation status, methylation landscape, and potential immunological function of EphA2. METHOD Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype Tissue Expression Database and GEO data, we analysed the differences in EphA2 expression between normal and tumour tissues and the effects of EphA2 on the prognosis of different tumours. Furthermore, using GSCALite, cBioPortal, TISDB, ULCLAN and TIMER 2.0 databases or platforms, we comprehensively analysed the potential oncogenic mechanisms or manifestations of EphA2 in 33 different tumour types, including tumour mutation status, DNA methylation status and immune cell infiltration. The correlation of EphA2 with immune checkpoints, tumour mutational burden, DNA microsatellite instability and DNA repair genes was also calculated. Finally, the effects of EphA2 inhibitors on the proliferation of human glioma and lung cancer cells were verified in cellular experiments. RESULTS EphA2 is differentially expressed in different tumours, and patients with overexpression have poorer overall survival. In addition, gene mutations, gene copy number variation and DNA/RNA methylation of EphA2 have been identified in various tumours. Moreover, EphA2 is positively associated with immune infiltration involving macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Further, EphA2 mRNA expression is significantly associated with immune checkpoint in various cancers, especially programmed death-ligand 1. Finally, the EphA2 inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 shows potent anti-tumour activity. CONCLUSION Our first pan-cancer study of EphA2 provides insight into the prognostic and immunological roles of EphA2 in different tumours, suggesting that EphA2 might be a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and immune infiltration in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Clinical Technology Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Fei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Chu LY, Wu FC, Fang WK, Hong CQ, Huang LS, Zou HY, Peng YH, Chen H, Xie JJ, Xu YW. Secreted proteins encoded by super enhancer-driven genes could be promising biomarkers for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed J 2023; 47:100662. [PMID: 37774793 PMCID: PMC11340493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of cancer remains an unmet need in clinical practice, and high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity biomarkers are urgently required. Here, we attempted to identify secreted proteins encoded by super-enhancer (SE)-driven genes as diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS We conducted an integrative analysis of multiple data sets including ChIP-seq data, secretome data, CCLE data and GEO data to screen secreted proteins encoded by SE-driven genes. Using ELISA, we further identified up-regulated secreted proteins through a small size of clinical samples and verified in a multi-centre validation stage (345 in test cohort and 231 in validation cohort). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Artificial intelligence (AI) method named gradient boosting machine (GBM) were applied for model construction to enhance diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Serum EFNA1 and MMP13 were identified, and showed significantly higher levels in ESCC patients compared to normal controls. An integrated Five-Biomarker Panel (iFBPanel) established by combining EFNA1, MMP13, carcino-embryonic antigen, Cyfra21-1 and squmaous cell carcinoma antigen had AUCs of 0.881 and 0.880 for ESCC in test and validation cohorts, respectively. Importantly, the iFBPanel also exhibited good performance in detecting early-stage ESCC patients (0.872 and 0.864). Furthermore, the iFBPanel was further empowered by AI technology which showed excellent diagnostic performance in early-stage ESCC (0.927 and 0.907). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that serum EFNA1 and MMP13 could potentially assist ESCC detection, and provided an easy-to-use detection model that might help the diagnosis of early-stage ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shanto, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shanto, China; Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Centre, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Department of Oncological Laboratory Research, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shanto, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shanto, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shanto, China; Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Centre, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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3
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Wu T, Jiang J, Wang H, He Y, Zhao X, Xue Y, Xu H. Design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluation of GO-SWL-Ahx-K-SWL. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 70:128802. [PMID: 35598792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to acquire both expanded binding ability with the EphA2 receptor and superior drug delivery capacity, we designed and synthesized the modified GO-SWL-Ahx-K-SWL conjugate as a potential targeted therapeutic drug for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Various characterization methods have confirmed that the conjugate is consistent with the theoretical peptide. The cytotoxicity test results showed that the conjugate was slightly more toxic to A549 cells than in 3 T3 cells, and the toxicity increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) fusion imaging was performed to evaluate the conjugate binding to EphA2 receptor in vivo. The images showed obvious radioactive concentration in tumor tissues and significantly higher ratios of the tumor and muscle in the 125I-GO-SWL-Ahx-K-SWL group (10.78) than in the 125I-SWL-Ahx-K-SWL group (5.21) at all three time points (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jinhui Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yanhui He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yangyang Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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4
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New Diagnostic Biomarker-Soluble Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) for colon cancer. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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5
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Light TP, Brun D, Guardado-Calvo P, Pederzoli R, Haouz A, Neipel F, Rey FA, Hristova K, Backovic M. Human herpesvirus 8 molecular mimicry of ephrin ligands facilitates cell entry and triggers EphA2 signaling. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001392. [PMID: 34499637 PMCID: PMC8454987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is an oncogenic virus that enters cells by fusion of the viral and endosomal cellular membranes in a process mediated by viral surface glycoproteins. One of the cellular receptors hijacked by HHV-8 to gain access to cells is the EphA2 tyrosine kinase receptor, and the mechanistic basis of EphA2-mediated viral entry remains unclear. Using X-ray structure analysis, targeted mutagenesis, and binding studies, we here show that the HHV-8 envelope glycoprotein complex H and L (gH/gL) binds with subnanomolar affinity to EphA2 via molecular mimicry of the receptor’s cellular ligands, ephrins (Eph family receptor interacting proteins), revealing a pivotal role for the conserved gH residue E52 and the amino-terminal peptide of gL. Using FSI-FRET and cell contraction assays, we further demonstrate that the gH/gL complex also functionally mimics ephrin ligand by inducing EphA2 receptor association via its dimerization interface, thus triggering receptor signaling for cytoskeleton remodeling. These results now provide novel insight into the entry mechanism of HHV-8, opening avenues for the search of therapeutic agents that could interfere with HHV-8–related diseases. Herpesviruses are known to hijack cellular receptors to enter cells, but this study shows that human herpesvirus 8 takes this to another level by using its envelope glycoprotein complex gH/gL to mimic the EphA2 receptor’s natural ligands, ephrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P Light
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Delphine Brun
- Department of Virology, Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Department of Virology, Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Pederzoli
- Department of Virology, Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- CNRS, UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Crystallography Platform C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Frank Neipel
- Crystallography Platform C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Department of Virology, Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marija Backovic
- Department of Virology, Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3569, Paris, France
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6
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Wang G, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Li Y. The expression and diagnostic value of serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:399-408. [PMID: 34092605 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecules are highly expressed in the serum of cancer patients, and can be used as serological markers. This approach has become one of the important auxiliary diagnostic methods for cancer. AIM To investigate the correlation between the serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A and the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as the potential value of these molecules in the diagnosis of CRC. METHODS ELISA was used to detect the levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A in the peripheral venous serum of 106 newly diagnosed patients with CRC and 69 normal controls. The relationship between the serum EphA2 and VEGF-A levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients was analyzed. ROC analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic value of the serum EphA2 and VEGF-A levels in CRC, and the optimal cutoff value was calculated. RESULTS The serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A in the CRC group were higher than those in the control as well as CEA, the serum level of EphA2 was positively correlated with the VEGF-A levels, but neither was significantly associated with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC. The ROC curve showed that the single index AUC was < 0.7 except for VEGF-A, and the accuracy of the combined diagnosis was higher than that of any other single index. The diagnosis scheme involving all three markers was the best (the sensitivity was 60.40%, the specificity was 92.8%, and the accuracy was 53.1%). The best critical values calculated were EphA2 > 297.92 ng/ml, EphA2 > 183.92 pg/ml and CEA > 5.19 ng/ml. CONCLUSION The serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A are high in CRC patients, and the combine detection of CEA, EphA2 and VEGF-A can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, Guzhen County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guzhen, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yigao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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7
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Ma Y, Chen L, Li X, Hu A, Wang H, Zhou H, Tian B, Dong J. Rationally integrating peptide-induced targeting and multimodal therapies in a dual-shell theranostic platform for orthotopic metastatic spinal tumors. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120917. [PMID: 34182327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors present great challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a proof-of-concept theranostic nanoplatform composed of an Au nanoparticle core and a double-shell of metal-organic framework (MOF) and mesoporous silica (MS) is developed for combating spinal metastasis of lung cancer in an orthotopic model. Two drugs, Alpelisib (BYL719) as an inhibitor and cisplatin as a chemotherapeutic drug, are separately loaded into the double-shell with high loading content. A targeting peptide called dYNH and indocyanine green (ICG) are conjugated onto the outmost MS layer for specifically targeting metastatic tumor cells and enhancing photothermal effect. The resultant Au@MOF@MS-ICG -dYNH-PAA (AMMD) shows enhanced cellular uptake on tumor cells and accumulation at metastatic spinal tumors, as evidenced by fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging. Benefiting from this ultra-high affinity to tumor cells and the photothermal effect of ICG, the dual-drug-loaded AMMD (BCAMMD) modified with ICG exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy on spinal tumors. More importantly, bone destruction, which frequently occurs in bone-related tumors, is effectively suppressed by BYL719 in BCAMMD. Hence, by rationally integrating multiple functions, including excellent targeting ability, dual-drug loading, photothermal therapy, and photoacoustic imaging, the developed all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform provides a useful paradigm of employing nanomedicine to treat metastatic spinal tumors efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Xilei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Annan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Huiren Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Baoshan District Wusong Central Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, PR China.
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8
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Teo L, Boghdadi AG, Homman-Ludiye J, Mundinano IC, Kwan WC, Bourne JA. Replicating infant-specific reactive astrocyte functions in the injured adult brain. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102108. [PMID: 34147584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infants and adults respond differently to brain injuries. Specifically, improved neuronal sparing along with reduced astrogliosis and glial scarring often observed earlier in life, likely contributes to improved long-term outcomes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could enable the recapitulation of neuroprotective effects, observed in infants, to benefit adults after brain injuries. We reveal that in primates, Eph/ ephrin signaling contributes to age-dependent reactive astrocyte behavior. Ephrin-A5 expression on astrocytes was more protracted in adults, whereas ephrin-A1 was only expressed on infant astrocytes. Furthermore, ephrin-A5 exacerbated major hallmarks of astrocyte reactivity via EphA2 and EphA4 receptors, which was subsequently alleviated by ephrin-A1. Rather than suppressing reactivity, ephrin-A1 signaling shifted astrocytes towards GAP43+ neuroprotection, accounting for improved neuronal sparing in infants. Reintroducing ephrin-A1 after middle-aged focal ischemic injury significantly attenuated glial scarring, improved neuronal sparing and preserved circuitry. Therefore, beneficial infant mechanisms can be recapitulated in adults to improve outcomes after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Teo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony G Boghdadi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jihane Homman-Ludiye
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Inaki-Carril Mundinano
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - William C Kwan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia.
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9
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Volz C, Breid S, Selenz C, Zaplatina A, Golfmann K, Meder L, Dietlein F, Borchmann S, Chatterjee S, Siobal M, Schöttle J, Florin A, Koker M, Nill M, Ozretić L, Uhlenbrock N, Smith S, Büttner R, Miao H, Wang B, Reinhardt HC, Rauh D, Hallek M, Acker-Palmer A, Heukamp LC, Ullrich RT. Inhibition of Tumor VEGFR2 Induces Serine 897 EphA2-Dependent Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis in NSCLC. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107568. [PMID: 32348765 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic treatment targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGFR2 signaling has shown limited efficacy in lung cancer patients. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of VEGFR2 in tumor cells, expressed in ∼20% of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, leads to a pro-invasive phenotype. Drug-induced inhibition of tumor VEGFR2 interferes with the formation of the EphA2/VEGFR2 heterocomplex, thereby allowing RSK to interact with Serine 897 of EphA2. Inhibition of RSK decreases phosphorylation of Serine 897 EphA2. Selective genetic modeling of Serine 897 of EphA2 or inhibition of EphA2 abrogates the formation of metastases in vivo upon VEGFR2 inhibition. In summary, these findings demonstrate that VEGFR2-targeted therapy conditions VEGFR2-positive NSCLC to Serine 897 EphA2-dependent aggressive tumor growth and metastasis. These data shed light on the molecular mechanisms explaining the limited efficacy of VEGFR2-targeted anti-angiogenic treatment in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Volz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara Breid
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Selenz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina Zaplatina
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Golfmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, US Institute for Pathology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sven Borchmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Else Kröner Forschungskolleg Clonal Evolution in Cancer, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sampurna Chatterjee
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Siobal
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob Schöttle
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirjam Koker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marieke Nill
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luka Ozretić
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Niklas Uhlenbrock
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steven Smith
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hui Miao
- Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Roland T Ullrich
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
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Gao Z, Han X, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Tian R, Wang Z, Cui Y, Wang Z, Niu R, Zhang F. Drug-resistant cancer cell-derived exosomal EphA2 promotes breast cancer metastasis via the EphA2-Ephrin A1 reverse signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:414. [PMID: 33879771 PMCID: PMC8058342 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis induced by drug resistance is a major challenge in successful cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the pro-invasive and metastatic ability of drug resistance remain elusive. Exosome-mediated intercellular communications between cancer cells and stromal cells in tumor microenvironment are required for cancer initiation and progression. Recent reports have shown that communications between cancer cells also promote tumor aggression. However, little attention has been regarded on this aspect. Herein, we demonstrated that drug-resistant cell-derived exosomes promoted the invasion of sensitive breast cancer cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that EphA2 was rich in exosomes from drug-resistant cells. Exosomal EphA2 conferred the invasive/metastatic phenotype transfer from drug-resistant cells to sensitive cells. Moreover, exosomal EphA2 activated ERK1/2 signaling through the ligand Ephrin A1-dependent reverse pathway rather than the forward pathway, thereby promoting breast cancer progression. Our findings indicate the key functional role of exosomal EphA2 in the transmission of aggressive phenotype between cancer cells that do not rely on direct cell-cell contact. Our study also suggests that the increase of EphA2 in drug-resistant cell-derived exosomes may be an important mechanism of chemotherapy/drug resistance-induced breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Gao
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhaosong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Cioce M, Fazio VM. EphA2 and EGFR: Friends in Life, Partners in Crime. Can EphA2 Be a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Anti-EGFR Agents? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040700. [PMID: 33572284 PMCID: PMC7915460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph receptors represent the largest group among Receptor Tyrosine kinase (RTK) families. The Eph/ephrin signaling axis plays center stage during development, and the deep perturbation of signaling consequent to its dysregulation in cancer reveals the multiplicity and complexity underlying its function. In the last decades, they have emerged as key players in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, what causes EphA2 to switch between tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting function is still an active theater of investigation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding EphA2 function in cancer, with detail on the molecular determinants of the oncogene-tumor suppressor switch function of EphA2. We describe tumor context-specific examples of EphA2 signaling and the emerging role EphA2 plays in supporting cancer-stem-cell-like populations and overcoming therapy-induced stress. In such a frame, we detail the interaction of the EphA2 and EGFR pathway in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. We discuss the contribution of the EphA2 oncogenic signaling to the resistance to EGFR blocking agents, including cetuximab and TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cioce
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.M.F.)
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Srivastava S, Pang KM, Iida M, Nelson MS, Liu J, Nam A, Wang J, Mambetsariev I, Pillai R, Mohanty A, McDaniel N, Behal A, Kulkarni P, Wheeler DL, Salgia R. Activation of EPHA2-ROBO1 Heterodimer by SLIT2 Attenuates Non-canonical Signaling and Proliferation in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. iScience 2020; 23:101692. [PMID: 33196021 PMCID: PMC7644594 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) is overexpressed in lung (LSCC) and head and neck (HNSCC) squamous cell carcinomas. Although EPHA2 can inhibit tumorigenesis in a ligand-dependent fashion via phosphorylation of Y588 and Y772, it can promote tumorigenesis in a ligand-independent manner via phosphorylation of S897. Here, we show that EPHA2 and Roundabout Guidance Receptor 1 (ROBO1) interact to form a functional heterodimer. Furthermore, we show that the ROBO1 ligand Slit Guidance Ligand 2 (SLIT2) and ensartinib, an inhibitor of EPHA2, can attenuate growth of HNSCC cells and act synergistically in LSCC cells. Our results suggest that patients with LSCC and HNSCC may be stratified and treated based on their EPHA2 and ROBO1 expression patterns. Although ~73% of patients with LSCC could benefit from SLIT2+ensartinib treatment, ~41% of patients with HNSCC could be treated with either SLIT2 or ensartinib. Thus, EPHA2 and ROBO1 represent potential LSCC and HNSCC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ka Ming Pang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
| | - Michael S. Nelson
- Light Microscopy Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nellie McDaniel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
| | - Amita Behal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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EphrinA1-Fc Attenuates Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Chronically Nonreperfused WT but not EphA2-R-M mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165811. [PMID: 32823610 PMCID: PMC7461052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: EphrinA1-Fc abolishes acute I/R injury and attenuates nonreperfused cardiac injury 4 days after permanent occlusion in mice. The goal of this study was to assess the capacity of a single intramyocardial administration of ephrinA1-Fc at the time of coronary artery ligation, to determine the degree to which early salvage effects translate to reduced adverse remodeling after 4 weeks of nonreperfused myocardial infarction (MI) in wild-type B6 and EphA2-R-M (EphA2 receptor null) mice. Methods: At 4 weeks post-MI, echocardiography, histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of B6 mouse hearts were performed. Primary mouse cardiac fibroblasts (FBs) isolated from B6 mice cultured in the presence of low and high dose ephrinA1-Fc, both with and without pro-fibrotic TGF-β stimulation and Western blots, were probed for relative expression of remodeling proteins MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, in addition to DDR2 and (p)SMAD2/3/totalSMAD2/3. Results: EphrinA1-Fc preserved a significant degree of contractile function, decreased adverse left ventricular remodeling, attenuated excessive compensatory hypertrophy, and decreased interstitial fibrosis in wild-type (WT) B6 mouse hearts. In contrast, most of these parameters were poorer in ephrinA1-Fc-treated EphA2-R-M mice. Of note, fibrosis was proportionately decreased, implying that other EphA receptor(s) are more important in regulating the pro-fibrotic response. Primary FBs showed disparate alteration of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, as well as DDR2 and p-SMAD2/3/totalSMAD2/3, which indicates that matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis in the injured heart are influenced by ephrinA1-Fc. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the capacity of a single administration of ephrinA1-Fc at the onset of injury to attenuate long-term nonreperfused post-MI ventricular remodeling that results in progressive heart failure, and the important role of EphA2 in mitigating the deleterious effects.
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Henn D, Chen K, Fischer K, Rauh A, Barrera JA, Kim YJ, Martin RA, Hannig M, Niedoba P, Reddy SK, Mao HQ, Kneser U, Gurtner GC, Sacks JM, Schmidt VJ. Tissue Engineering of Axially Vascularized Soft-Tissue Flaps with a Poly-(ɛ-Caprolactone) Nanofiber-Hydrogel Composite. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:365-377. [PMID: 32587789 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop a novel approach for tissue engineering of soft-tissue flaps suitable for free microsurgical transfer, using an injectable nanofiber hydrogel composite (NHC) vascularized by an arteriovenous (AV) loop. Approach: A rat AV loop model was used for tissue engineering of vascularized soft-tissue flaps. NHC or collagen-elastin (CE) scaffolds were implanted into isolation chambers together with an AV loop and explanted after 15 days. Saphenous veins were implanted into the scaffolds as controls. Neoangiogenesis, ultrastructure, and protein expression of SYNJ2BP, EPHA2, and FOXC1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared between the groups. Rheological properties were compared between the two scaffolds and native human adipose tissue. Results: A functional neovascularization was evident in NHC flaps with its amount being comparable with CE flaps. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a strong mononuclear cell infiltration along the nanofibers in NHC flaps and a trend toward higher fiber alignment compared with CE flaps. SYNJ2BP and EPHA2 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) was lower in NHC flaps compared with CE flaps, whereas FOXC1 expression was increased in NHC flaps. Compared with the stiffer CE flaps, the NHC flaps showed similar rheological properties to native human adipose tissue. Innovation: This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of tissue engineering of soft-tissue flaps with similar rheological properties as human fat, suitable for microsurgical transfer using an injectable nanofiber hydrogel composite. Conclusions: The injectable NHC scaffold is suitable for tissue engineering of axially vascularized soft-tissue flaps with a solid neovascularization, strong cellular infiltration, and biomechanical properties similar to human fat. Our data indicate that SYNJ2BP, EPHA2, and FOXC1 are involved in AV loop-associated angiogenesis and that the scaffold material has an impact on protein expression in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Henn
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kellen Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Katharina Fischer
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Rauh
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janos A. Barrera
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pathology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Russell A. Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Niedoba
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sashank K. Reddy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Justin M. Sacks
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Volker J. Schmidt
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Plastic and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
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Jamshidi M, Mohammadi Pour S, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Single Nucleotide Variants Associated with Colorectal Cancer Among Iranian Patients: A Narrative Review. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:167-180. [PMID: 32581566 PMCID: PMC7280057 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s248349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has been considered as one of the complicated multi-stage processes after adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Therefore, studies of the molecular dysregulation basis could present information on the recognition of the potent biomarkers and treatment targets for this disease. Even though outcomes of the patients with colorectal cancer have been improved largely with current annual screening plans, it is necessary to have reliable prognostic biomarkers because of the disease heterogeneity. There is a significant relationship between SNP in IL1RN* 2 (IL1ra), −509 C/T (TGFB1), rs11556218 T>G and rs4778889 T/C (IL16), miRNA-binding site polymorphisms in IL16, rs4464148 (SMAD7), rs6983267 (EGF), GSTT1, TACG haplotype (CTLA4), 1793G> A (MTHFR), Leu/Leu genotype of (EXO1), −137 G/C (IL18), C/T genotype (XRCC3), I3434T (XRCC7), MGMT, C3435T (MDR1), ff genotype of FokI, 677CT+TT (MTHFR), G2677T/A (MDR1) and CRC. Increased risk has been observed in VDR ApaI genotype “aa”. Finally, the protective effect has been explored in the TACA haplotype (CTLA4). According to the findings, the genetic polymorphisms in the immunity-associated genes are related to the CRC amongst the Iranian patients. Therefore, more large-scale functional investigations are necessary for confirming the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamshidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Forebrain Transcriptional Response to Transient Changes in Circulating Androgens in a Cichlid Fish. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:1971-1982. [PMID: 32276961 PMCID: PMC7263668 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that androgens respond to the social interactions as a way to adjust the behavior of individuals to the challenges of the social environment in an adaptive manner. Therefore, it is expected that transient changes in circulating androgen levels within physiological scope should impact the state of the brain network that regulates social behavior, which should translate into adaptive behavioral changes. Here, we examined the effect that a transient peak in androgen circulating levels, which mimics socially driven changes in androgen levels, has on the forebrain state, which harbors most nuclei of the social decision-making network. For this purpose, we successfully induced transient changes in circulating androgen levels in an African cichlid fish (Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus) commonly used as a model in behavioral neuroendocrinology by injecting 11-ketotestosterone or testosterone, and compared the forebrain transcriptome of these individuals to control fish injected with vehicle. Forebrain samples were collected 30 min and 60 min after injection and analyzed using RNAseq. Our results showed that a transient peak in 11-ketotestosterone drives more accentuated changes in forebrain transcriptome than testosterone, and that transcriptomic impact was greater at the 30 min than at the 60 min post-androgen administration. Several genes involved in the regulation of translation, steroid metabolism, ion channel membrane receptors, and genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms were differentially expressed after 11-ketotestosterone or testosterone injection. In summary, this study identified specific candidate genes that may regulate socially driven changes in behavioral flexibility mediated by androgens.
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Guo F, Yuan Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Proteins in Malignant Tumors: Progress and Prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3303-3318. [PMID: 32368089 PMCID: PMC7182456 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the first cytokine used in tumor biotherapy, but TNF-related drugs are limited by the lack of specific targets. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced proteins (TNFAIPs), derived from TNF, is a protein family and participates in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. In order to better understand biological functions and potential roles of TNFAIPs in malignant tumors, this paper in the form of “Gene–Protein–Tumor correlation” summarizes the biological characteristics, physiological functions and mechanisms of TNFAIPs by searching National Center of Biotechnology Information, GeneCards, UniProt and STRING databases. The relationship between TNFAIPs and malignant tumors is analyzed, and protein–protein interaction diagram in members of TNFAIPs is drawn based on TNF for the first time. We find that TNF as a key factor is related to TNFAIP1, TNFAIP3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP8 and TNFAIP9, which can be directly involved in activating TNFAIP1, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP8 and TNFAIP9. We confirm that the mechanism of TNFAIP1, TNFAIP2 and TNFAIP3 inducing tumors may be related to NF-κB signaling pathway, but the mechanism of tumor induction by other members of TNFAIPs is not clear. In the future, translational studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of TNF-TNFAIPs-tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, PLA Cancer Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang L, Song Y, Wang H, Liu K, Shao Z, Shang Z. MiR-210-3p-EphrinA3-PI3K/AKT axis regulates the progression of oral cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4011-4022. [PMID: 32180353 PMCID: PMC7171305 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore new therapeutic targets to improve the survival rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MiR‐210‐3p, EphrinA3 and EMT related indices were evaluated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, the relationship between differential EphrinA3 expression and tumour progression was explored through molecular biology techniques, in vitro functional experiments and tumour xenotransplantation models. The expression of EphrinA3 (rs = −0.719, P < .05) and E‐cadherin (rs = −0.856, P < .05) was negatively correlated with the pathological grading in OSCC tissues. Protein clustering shows EphrinA3 may be associated with tumour progression. EphrinA3 also can regulate the biological behaviour of oral cancer cells. And it regulates the EMT by the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. MiR‐210‐3p targeted the gen EFNA3. Up‐regulation of miR‐210‐3p expression can decrease the expression of EphrinA3 and further to influence the biological behaviour of OSCC. The miR‐210‐3p‐EphrinA3‐PI3K/AKT signalling axis plays an important role in the progress of OSCC. EphrinA3 may serve as a novel target for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou General Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Shao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lee PC, Chen ST, Kuo TC, Lin TC, Lin MC, Huang J, Hung JS, Hsu CL, Juan HF, Lee PH, Huang MC. C1GALT1 is associated with poor survival and promotes soluble Ephrin A1-mediated cell migration through activation of EPHA2 in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2724-2740. [PMID: 32005975 PMCID: PMC7098884 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C1GALT1 controls the crucial step of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and is associated with both physiologic and pathologic conditions, including cancers. EPH receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and modulate a diverse range of developmental processes and human diseases. However, the role of C1GALT1 in the signaling of EPH receptors remains largely overlooked. Here, we showed that C1GALT1 high expression in gastric adenocarcinomas correlated with adverse clinicopathologic features and is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. Silencing or loss of C1GALT1 inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis, as well as increased apoptosis and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in AGS and MKN45 cells. Phospho-RTK array and western blot analysis showed that C1GALT1 depletion suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of EPHA2 induced by soluble Ephrin A1-Fc. O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Furthermore, depletion of C1GALT1 decreased Ephrin A1-Fc induced migration and reduced Ephrin A1 binding to cell surfaces. The effects of C1GALT1 knockdown or knockout on cell invasiveness in vitro and in vivo were phenocopied by EPHA2 knockdown in gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that C1GALT1 promotes phosphorylation of EPHA2 and enhances soluble Ephrin A1-mediated migration primarily by modifying EPHA2 O-glycosylation. Our study highlights the importance of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation in EPH receptor-regulated diseases and identifies C1GALT1 as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chu Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiang Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Ma TT, Wang L, Wang JL, Liu YJ, Chen YC, He HJ, Song Y. Hypoxia-Induced Cleavage Of Soluble ephrinA1 From Cancer Cells Is Mediated By MMP-2 And Associates With Angiogenesis In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8491-8499. [PMID: 31686863 PMCID: PMC6799903 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ephrinA1 plays important roles in tumor angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) can cleave ephrinA1 from the cell membrane into extracellular environment. However, how soluble ephrinA1 is modulated by hypoxia and whether MMPs participate in this hypoxic process remains to be investigated in detail. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included in the present study for HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and ephrinA1 detection by immunohistochemistry. Serum samples from 35 patients were collected both preoperatively and postoperatively to confirm the existence of soluble ephrinA1 by ELISA. Block assay and Western blot analysis were further carried out to elucidate the proteolysis mechanism of ephrinA1 under hypoxic condition in vitro. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and ephrinA1 expressed positively, and correlated with microvessel density in OSCCs, except for MMP-9. The serum expression level of ephrinA1 in OSCC patients decreased significantly after surgical removal of the solid tumors. In vitro experiments indicated that GM6001, a MMP-specific inhibitor, could reduce hypoxia-induced soluble ephrinA1 secretion from SCC cells. Further Western blot analysis confirmed that both HIF-1α and MMP-2 were up-regulated by hypoxia in a similar time-dependent manner, with the MMP-9 expression unchanged during this course. CONCLUSION These results suggested a possible novel mechanism that ephrinA1 secretion is mediated by HIF-1α/MMP-2 signaling cascade which may play pivotal roles in OSCC neovascularization in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu-Jie He
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Strategies by which WWOX-deficient metastatic cancer cells utilize to survive via dodging, compromising, and causing damage to WWOX-positive normal microenvironment. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:97. [PMID: 31123603 PMCID: PMC6529460 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proapoptotic tumor suppressor WWOX is upregulated in the early stage of cancer initiation, which probably provides limitation to cancer growth and progression. Later, WWOX protein is reduced to enhance cancer cell growth, migration, invasiveness and metastasis. To understand how WWOX works in controlling cancer progression, here we demonstrate that apoptotic stress mediated by ectopic WWOX stimulated cancer cells to secrete basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in order to support capillary microtubule formation. This event may occur in the cancer initiation stage. Later, when WWOX loss occurs in cancer cells, hyaluronidase production is then increased in the cancer cells to facilitate metastasis. We determined that inhibition of membrane hyaluronidase Tyr216-phosphorylated Hyal-2 by antibody suppresses cancer growth in vivo. WWOX-negative (WWOX-) cells dodged WWOX+cells in the microenvironment by migrating individually backward to avoid physical contacts and yet significantly upregulating the redox activity of WWOX+parental cells or other WWOX+cell types for causing apoptosis. Upon detecting the presence of WWOX+cells from a distance, WWOX- cells exhibit activation of MIF, Hyal-2, Eph, and Wnt pathways, which converges to MEK/ERK signaling and enables WWOX- cells to evade WWOX+cells. Inhibition of each pathway by antibody or specific chemicals enables WWOX- cells to merge with WWOX+cells. In addition, exogenous TGF-β assists WWOX- cells to migrate collectively forward and merge with WWOX+cells. Metastatic WWOX- cancer cells frequently secrete high levels of TGF-β, which conceivably assists them to merge with WWOX+cells in target organs and secure a new home base in the WWOX+microenvironment. Together, loss of WWOX allows cancer cells to develop strategies to dodge, compromise and even kill WWOX-positive cells in microenvironment.
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22
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Conlon GA, Murray GI. Recent advances in understanding the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis. J Pathol 2019; 247:629-640. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Conlon
- Department of PathologyNHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Aberdeen UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineMedical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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23
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EPH receptor A2 governs a feedback loop that activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1146. [PMID: 30451837 PMCID: PMC6242896 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (EPH) receptor A2 (EphA2) belongs to the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases. EphA2 is highly correlated with the formation of many solid tumors and has been linked to the dysregulation of signaling pathways that promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as angiogenesis. Deregulation of Wnt signaling is implicated in many forms of human disease including gastric cancer. We previously reported that EphA2 promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. Herein, we present a novel mechanism by which EphA2 regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. EphA2 acts as a receptor for Wnt ligands and recruits Axin1 to the plasma membrane by directly binding Dvl2. The EphA2-Dvl2/Axin1 interaction was enhanced by Wnt3a treatment, suggesting that EphA2 acts as a functional receptor for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and plays a vital role in downstream signaling. We showed that Dvl2 mediates the EphA2-Axin1 interaction by binding to the tyrosine kinase domain of EphA2. We propose that EphA2/Dvl2/Axin1 forms a complex that destabilizes the β-catenin destruction complex and allows β-catenin to translocate to the nucleus and initiate the transcription of c-MYC, the primary Wnt signaling target gene. Intriguingly, c-MYC could bind directly to the EphA2 and Wnt1 promoter to enhance their transcription. The entire process formed an EphA2-mediated feed-forward loop. A small molecular inhibitor of EphA2 potently inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, including gastric cancer patient–derived xenografts. Thus, our data identify EphA2 as an excellent candidate for gastric cancer therapy.
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24
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TerBush AA, Hafkamp F, Lee HJ, Coscoy L. A Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Mechanism Is Independent of Integrins α3β1, αVβ3, and αVβ5. J Virol 2018; 92:e00803-18. [PMID: 29899108 PMCID: PMC6096800 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00803-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Host receptor usage by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been best studied using primary microvascular endothelial and fibroblast cells, although the virus infects a wide variety of cell types in culture and in natural infections. In these two infection models, KSHV adheres to the cell though heparan sulfate (HS) binding and then interacts with a complex of EphA2, xCT, and integrins α3β1, αVβ3, and αVβ5 to catalyze viral entry. We dissected this receptor complex at the genetic level with CRISPR-Cas9 to precisely determine receptor usage in two epithelial cell lines. Surprisingly, we discovered an infection mechanism that requires HS and EphA2 but is independent of αV- and β1-family integrin expression. Furthermore, infection appears to be independent of the EphA2 intracellular domain. We also demonstrated that while two other endogenous Eph receptors were dispensable for KSHV infection, transduced EphA4 and EphA5 significantly enhanced infection of cells lacking EphA2.IMPORTANCE Our data reveal an integrin-independent route of KSHV infection and suggest that multiple Eph receptors besides EphA2 can promote and regulate infection. Since integrins and Eph receptors are large protein families with diverse expression patterns across cells and tissues, we propose that KSHV may engage with several proteins from both families in different combinations to negotiate successful entry into diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Alwan TerBush
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Florianne Hafkamp
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hee Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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25
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Bhattacharya R, Panda CK, Nandi S, Mukhopadhyay A. An insight into metastasis: Random or evolving paradigms? Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1064-1073. [PMID: 30078401 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical or fostered molecular events define metastatic cascade. Three distinct sets of molecular events characterize metastasis, viz invasion of extracellular matrix; angiogenesis, vascular dissemination and anoikis resistance; tumor homing and relocation of tumor cells to selective organ. Invasion of extracellular matrix requires epithelial to mesenchymal transition through disrupted lamellopodia formation and contraction of actin cytoskeleton; aberration of Focal adhesion complex formation involving integrins and the extracellular matrix; degradation of extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteases; faulty immune surveillance in tumor microenvironment and an upregulated proton efflux pump NHE1 in tumors. Vascular dissemination and anoikis resistance depend upon upregulation of integrins, phosphorylation of CDCP1, attenuated apoptotic pathways and upregulation of angiogenesis. Tumor homing depends on recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, expression on chemokines and growth factors, upregulated stem cell renewal pathways. Despite of many potential challenges in curbing metastasis, future targeted therapies involving immunotherapy, stem cell engineered and oncolytic virus based therapy, pharmacological activation of circadian clock are held promising. To sum up, metastasis is a complex cascade of events and warrants detailed molecular understanding for development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittwika Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 16A Park Lane, Kolkata, 700016, India.
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - Sourav Nandi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 16A Park Lane, Kolkata, 700016, India.
| | - Ashis Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 16A Park Lane, Kolkata, 700016, India.
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26
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Malik VA, Di Benedetto B. The Blood-Brain Barrier and the EphR/Ephrin System: Perspectives on a Link Between Neurovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:127. [PMID: 29706868 PMCID: PMC5906525 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions among endothelial cells (EC) forming blood vessels and their surrounding cell types are essential to establish the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an integral part of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Research on the NVU has recently seen a renaissance to especially understand the neurobiology of vascular and brain pathologies and their frequently occurring comorbidities. Diverse signaling molecules activated in the near proximity of blood vessels trigger paracellular pathways which regulate the formation and stabilization of tight junctions (TJ) between EC and thereby influence BBB permeability. Among regulatory molecules, the erythropoietin-producing-hepatocellular carcinoma receptors (EphR) and their Eph receptor-interacting signals (ephrins) play a pivotal role in EC differentiation, angiogenesis and BBB integrity. Multiple EphR-ligand interactions between EC and other cell types influence different aspects of angiogenesis and BBB formation. Such interactions additionally control BBB sealing properties and thus the penetration of substances into the brain parenchyma. Thus, they play critical roles in the healthy brain and during the pathogenesis of brain disorders. In this mini-review article, we aim at integrating the constantly growing literature about the functional roles of the EphR/ephrin system for the development of the vascular system and the BBB and in the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. We suggest the hypothesis that a disrupted EphR/ephrin signaling at the BBB might represent an underappreciated molecular hub of disease comorbidity. Finally, we propose the possibility that the EphR/ephrin system bears the potential of becoming a novel target for the development of alternative therapeutic treatments, focusing on such comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Malik
- RG Neuro-Glia Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Benedetto
- RG Neuro-Glia Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cellular program that prevents the proliferation of cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. On the other hand, age-related accumulation of senescent cells promotes aging at least partially due to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, whereby cells secrete high levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. Emerging evidence, however, indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of the effects of senescent cells on their microenvironment. Senescent cells secrete more EphA2 and DNA via EVs, which can promote cancer cell proliferation and inflammation, respectively. Extracellular vesicles secreted from DNA-damaged cells can also affect telomere regulation. Furthermore, it has now become clear that EVs actually play important roles in many aspects of aging. This review is intended to summarize these recent progresses, with emphasis on relationships between cellular senescence and EVs.
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28
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Salem AF, Wang S, Billet S, Chen JF, Udompholkul P, Gambini L, Baggio C, Tseng HR, Posadas EM, Bhowmick NA, Pellecchia M. Reduction of Circulating Cancer Cells and Metastases in Breast-Cancer Models by a Potent EphA2-Agonistic Peptide-Drug Conjugate. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2052-2061. [PMID: 29470068 PMCID: PMC5907794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
EphA2
overexpression has been associated with metastasis in multiple
cancer types, including melanomas and ovarian, prostate, lung, and
breast cancers. We have recently proposed the development of peptide–drug
conjugates (PDCs) using agonistic EphA2-targeting agents, such as
the YSA peptide or its optimized version, 123B9. Although our studies
indicated that YSA– and 123B9–drug conjugates can selectively
deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells in vivo, the relatively low
cellular agonistic activities (i.e., the high micromolar concentrations
required) of the agents toward the EphA2 receptor remained a limiting
factor to the further development of these PDCs in the clinic. Here,
we report that a dimeric version of 123B9 can induce receptor activation
at nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the
conjugation of dimeric 123B9 with paclitaxel is very effective at
targeting circulating tumor cells and inhibiting lung metastasis in
breast-cancer models. These studies represent an important step toward
the development of effective EphA2-targeting PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Salem
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California, Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Si Wang
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , 10901 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Sandrine Billet
- Department of Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 8700 Beverly Boulevard , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 8700 Beverly Boulevard , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Parima Udompholkul
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California, Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Luca Gambini
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California, Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Carlo Baggio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California, Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Department of Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 8700 Beverly Boulevard , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 8700 Beverly Boulevard , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States.,Department of Research , Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration , Los Angeles , California 90073 , United States
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of California, Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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29
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Tanabe S, Aoyagi K, Yokozaki H, Sasaki H. Molecular pathway network of EFNA1 in cancer and mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/celltissue.2018.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Lee SH, Shin JH, Song JH, Leem AY, Park MS, Kim YS, Chang J, Chung KS. Clinical implications of the plasma EphA2 receptor level in critically ill patients with septic shock. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17612. [PMID: 29242524 PMCID: PMC5730544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph/ephrin receptor ligand system is known to play a role in inflammation induced by infection, injury, and inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate plasma EphA2 receptor levels in critically ill patients with sepsis. This study was a prospective cohort study evaluating samples and clinical data from the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a 2000-bed university tertiary referral hospital in South Korea. Positive correlations of the plasma EphA2 receptor level with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were observed. The area under the curve (AUC) for the plasma EphA2 receptor level on a receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.690 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.608-0.764); the AUCs for the APACHE II score and SOFA scores were 0.659 (95% CI, 0.576-0.736) and 0.745 (95% CI, 0.666-0.814), respectively. A Cox proportional hazard model identified an association between an increased plasma EphA2 receptor level (>51.5 pg mL-1) and increased risk of 28-day mortality in the MICU (hazard ratio = 3.22, 95% CI, 1.709-6.049). An increased plasma EphA2 receptor level was associated with sepsis severity and 28-day mortality among sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hye Shin
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Song
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Leem
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Koshikawa N, Minegishi T, Kiyokawa H, Seiki M. Specific detection of soluble EphA2 fragments in blood as a new biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3134. [PMID: 29072678 PMCID: PMC5680914 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor 2 (EphA2) expression are upregulated by the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, they are frequently coexpressed in malignant tumors. MT1-MMP cleaves the N-terminal ligand-binding domain of EphA2 and inactivates its ligand-dependent tumor-suppressing activity. Therefore, specific detection of the cleaved N-terminal EphA2 fragment in blood might be an effective biomarker to diagnose malignant tumors. To evaluate this possibility, we developed three monoclonal antibodies against the soluble EphA2 fragment. One of them recognized this fragment specifically, with negligible cross-reactivity to the intact form. We used the cleaved form-specific antibody to develop a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed the linear reactivity to the recombinant fragment. We applied this assay on commercially available serum specimens obtained from patients with several types of cancer including gastric, pancreatic, esophageal, gastroesophageal, and head-and-neck cancers, and healthy donors. Soluble EphA2 fragment levels in cancer-patient sera were higher than those in healthy donors (n=50). In particular, levels of eight out of nine (89%) pancreatic cancer patients and ten out of seventeen (59%) gastric cancer patients significantly exceeded cutoff values obtained from the healthy donors, whereas those of esophageal and head-and-neck cancer-patient sera were low. The preliminary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for pancreatic cancer demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity were 89.0% and 90.0%, respectively, whereas those of the conventional digestive tumor marker CA19-9 were 88.9% and 72.0%, respectively. These results indicated that specific detection of soluble EphA2 fragment levels in serum could be potentially useful as a biomarker to diagnose pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minegishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Cuyàs E, Queralt B, Martin-Castillo B, Bosch-Barrera J, Menendez JA. EphA2 receptor activation with ephrin-A1 ligand restores cetuximab efficacy in NRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:263-270. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Finney AC, Funk SD, Green JM, Yurdagul A, Rana MA, Pistorius R, Henry M, Yurochko A, Pattillo CB, Traylor JG, Chen J, Woolard MD, Kevil CG, Orr AW. EphA2 Expression Regulates Inflammation and Fibroproliferative Remodeling in Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2017; 136:566-582. [PMID: 28487392 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque formation results from chronic inflammation and fibroproliferative remodeling in the vascular wall. We previously demonstrated that both human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques show elevated expression of EphA2, a guidance molecule involved in cell-cell interactions and tumorigenesis. METHODS Here, we assessed the role of EphA2 in atherosclerosis by deleting EphA2 in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (Apoe-/-) and by assessing EphA2 function in multiple vascular cell culture models. After 8 to 16 weeks on a Western diet, male and female mice were assessed for atherosclerotic burden in the large vessels, and plasma lipid levels were analyzed. RESULTS Despite enhanced weight gain and plasma lipid levels compared with Apoe-/- controls, EphA2-/-Apoe-/- knockout mice show diminished atherosclerotic plaque formation, characterized by reduced proinflammatory gene expression and plaque macrophage content. Although plaque macrophages express EphA2, EphA2 deletion does not affect macrophage phenotype, inflammatory responses, and lipid uptake, and bone marrow chimeras suggest that hematopoietic EphA2 deletion does not affect plaque formation. In contrast, endothelial EphA2 knockdown significantly reduces monocyte firm adhesion under flow. In addition, EphA2-/-Apoe-/- mice show reduced progression to advanced atherosclerotic plaques with diminished smooth muscle and collagen content. Consistent with this phenotype, EphA2 shows enhanced expression after smooth muscle transition to a synthetic phenotype, and EphA2 depletion reduces smooth muscle proliferation, mitogenic signaling, and extracellular matrix deposition both in atherosclerotic plaques and in vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data identify a novel role for EphA2 in atherosclerosis, regulating both plaque inflammation and progression to advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Cell culture studies suggest that endothelial EphA2 contributes to atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting monocyte firm adhesion, whereas smooth muscle EphA2 expression may regulate the progression to advanced atherosclerosis by regulating smooth muscle proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Finney
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Steven D Funk
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Jonette M Green
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Mohammad Atif Rana
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Rebecca Pistorius
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Miriam Henry
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Andrew Yurochko
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - James G Traylor
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Jin Chen
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Matthew D Woolard
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - A Wayne Orr
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.).
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Sakurai H. Non-canonical Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer Progression. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:141-144. [PMID: 28154322 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known to be key regulators of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastatic spread. Ligand-binding to the extracellular domain triggers canonical activation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. In contrast, it has become evident that RTKs are also regulated by non-canonical tyrosine kinase-independent mechanisms via phosphorylation of their serine/threonine residues. In this review, I mainly introduce our recent findings on the non-canonical regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2 and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2), and discuss the roles of non-canonical activation of RTKs in cancer progression and resistance to targeted cancer agents. Further characterization of non-canonical regulation will contribute to the development of new target cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Regulation of endothelial migration and proliferation by ephrin-A1. Cell Signal 2016; 29:84-95. [PMID: 27742560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial migration and proliferation are fundamental processes in angiogenesis and wound healing of injured or inflamed vessels. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of the Eph/ephrin-system during endothelial proliferation and the impact of the ligand ephrin-A1 on proliferation and migration of human umbilical venous (HUVEC) and arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC). Endothelial cells that underwent contact inhibition showed a massive induction of ephrin-A1. In contrast, an injury to a confluent endothelial layer, associated with induction of migration and proliferation, showed reduced ephrin-A1 levels. In addition, reducing ephrin-A1 expression by siRNA led to increased proliferation, whereas the overexpression of ephrin-A1 led to decreased proliferative activity. Due to the fact that wound healing is a combination of proliferation and migration, migration was investigated in detail. First, classical wound-healing assays showed increased wound closure in both ephrin-A1 silenced and overexpressing cells. Live-cell imaging enlightened the underlying differences. Silencing of ephrin-A1 led to a faster but more disorientated migration. In contrast, ephrin-A1 overexpression did not influence velocity of the cells, but the migration was more directed in comparison to the controls. Additional analysis of EphA2-silenced cells showed similar results in terms of proliferation and migration compared to ephrin-A1 silenced cells. Detailed analysis of EphA2 phosphorylation on ligand-dependent phospho-site (Y588) and autonomous activation site (S897) revealed a distinct phosphorylation pattern. Furthermore, the endothelial cells ceased to migrate when they came in contact with an ephrin-A1 coated surface. Using a baculoviral-mediated expression system, ephrin-A1 silencing and overexpression was shown to modulate the formation of focal adhesions. This implicates that ephrin-A1 is involved in changes of the actin cytoskeleton which explains the alterations in migratory actions, at least in part. In conclusion, ephrin-A1 expression is regulated by cellular density and is itself a critical determinant of endothelial proliferation. According to current knowledge, ephrin-A1 seems to be remarkably involved in elementary processes of endothelial migration like cellular polarization, migratory direction and speed. These data support the notion that ephrin-A1 plays a pivotal role in basal mechanisms of re-endothelialization.
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Inhibition of EphA2/EphrinA1 signal attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1993-2003. [PMID: 27549114 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Eph-Ephrin signalling mediates various cellular processes, including vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, cell migration, axon guidance, fluid homoeostasis and repair after injury. Although previous studies have demonstrated that stimulation of the EphA receptor induces increased vascular permeability and inflammatory response in lung injury, the detailed mechanisms of EphA2 signalling are unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the role of EphA2 signalling in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. Acute LPS exposure significantly up-regulated EphA2 and EphrinA1 expression. Compared with LPS+IgG mice (IgG instillation after LPS exposure), LPS+EphA2 mAb mice [EphA2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) instillation posttreatment after LPS exposure] had attenuated lung injury and reduced cell counts and protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). EphA2 mAb posttreatment down-regulated the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) 110γ, phospho-Akt, phospho-NF-κB p65, phospho-Src and phospho-S6K in lung lysates. In addition, inhibiting the EphA2 receptor augmented the expression of E-cadherin, which is involved in cell-cell adhesion. Our study identified EphA2 receptor as an unrecognized modulator of several signalling pathways-including PI3K-Akt-NF-kB, Src-NF-κB, E-cadherin and mTOR-in LPS-induced lung injury. These results suggest that EphA2 receptor inhibitors may function as novel therapeutic agents for LPS-induced lung injury.
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Forbes A, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Chess-Williams R, McDermott C. Relative cytotoxic potencies and cell death mechanisms of α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists in prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate 2016; 76:757-66. [PMID: 26880388 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists possess anti-cancer actions that are independent of α1 -adrenoceptors and the aim of these studies was to assess the relative cytotoxic potencies of α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists and the mechanisms involved in these actions. METHODS PC-3 and LNCap human prostate cancer cells were exposed to α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists (0.01-100 μM) and cell survival assessed after 24-72 hr. The levels of apoptosis, autophagy and stress related proteins were also determined. RESULTS The relative cytotoxic potency order was prazosin = doxazosin > terazosin = silodosin = alfuzosin > tamsulosin on both cell types, but LNCaP cells were significantly more sensitive to these effects than PC-3 cells. Prazosin and doxazosin increased levels of apoptotsis and autophagy in both cell lines, and activated EphA2 receptors in PC-3 cells. Autophagy contributed to survival of LNCaP, but promoted cell death in PC-3 cells. Treatment with prazosin (30 μM) altered the expression of several cell stress-related proteins: elevating phospho-p38α and reducing S6 kinase in both cell lines. Surprisingly some proteins were differentially affected in the two prostate cancer cell lines: Akt and p27 increasing and HIF-1α decreasing in LNCap cells but not PC-3, while ADAMTS1 was increased in PC-3 cells only. CONCLUSIONS Prazosin and doxazosin demonstrated cytotoxic actions on both castration-resistant PC-3 and androgen-sensitive LNCap prostate cancer cells. The mechanisms involved included changes in a number of proliferation and apoptosis regulatory proteins. The role of autophagy depended on the cell type, but contributed to cell death in PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Forbes
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland Australia School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
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Eriksson O, Thulin Å, Asplund A, Hegde G, Navani S, Siegbahn A. Cross-talk between the Tissue Factor/coagulation factor VIIa complex and the tyrosine kinase receptor EphA2 in cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:341. [PMID: 27246245 PMCID: PMC4888641 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue Factor (TF) forms a proteolytically active complex together with coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) and functions as the trigger of blood coagulation or alternatively activates cell signaling. We recently described that EphA2 of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family is cleaved directly by the TF/FVIIa complex. The aim of the present study was to further characterize the cross-talk between TF/FVIIa and EphA2 using in vitro model systems and human cancer specimens. Methods Cleavage and phosphorylation of EphA2 was studied by Western blot. Subcellular localization of TF and EphA2 was investigated by a proximity ligation assay and confocal microscopy. Phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton was used to study cell rounding and retraction fiber formation. Expression of TF and EphA2 in human colorectal cancer specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results TF and EphA2 co-localized constitutively in MDA-MB-231 cells, and addition of FVIIa resulted in cleavage of EphA2 by a PAR2-independent mechanism. Overexpression of TF in U251 glioblastoma cells lead to co-localization with EphA2 at the leading edge and FVIIa-dependent cleavage of EphA2. FVIIa potentiated ephrin-A1-induced cell rounding and retraction fiber formation in MDA-MB-231 cells through a RhoA/ROCK-dependent pathway that did not require PAR2-activation. TF and EphA2 were expressed in colorectal cancer specimens, and were significantly correlated. Conclusions These results suggest that TF/FVIIa-EphA2 cross-talk might potentiate ligand-dependent EphA2 signaling in human cancers, and provide initial evidence that it is possible for this interaction to occur in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2375-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Thulin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Asplund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geeta Hegde
- Lab Surgpath, The Human Protein Atlas Project, Mumbai Site, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Navani
- Lab Surgpath, The Human Protein Atlas Project, Mumbai Site, Mumbai, India
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Tatsukawa R, Koga K, Aoki M, Koshikawa N, Imafuku S, Nakayama J, Nabeshima K. Immunohistochemical demonstration of EphA2 processing by MT1-MMP in invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:25-34. [PMID: 27056569 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor-2 (EphA2) overexpression is prevalent in many types of human cancers, and it has been reported that high EphA2 expression is correlated with malignancy. Recent studies revealed that processing of EphA2 by cleaving off the N-terminal portion by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) promotes invasion via stimulation of Ras in cancer cells in vitro. The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence and role of EphA2 processing in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues. EphA2 (C-terminal and N-terminal) and MT1-MMP expression patterns and levels were analyzed immunohistochemically in SCC (n = 70) and Bowen disease (BD; n = 20). Levels of MT1-MMP and EphA2 expression were evaluated using digital image analysis. Proximity between MT1-MMP and EphA2 in cancer cells and its effect on EphA2 processing were investigated using a combination of in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) and Western blotting. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that levels of EphA2 N-terminal expression were significantly lower than those of EphA2 C-terminal expression in SCC, whereas levels of EphA2 C- and N-terminal expression were similar in BD. Western blotting showed processed EphA2 fragments in human SCC tissues. Expression levels of MT1-MMP, EphA2, and processed EphA2 fragments were higher in SCC than BD. Proximity between MT1-MMP and EphA2 in SCC was demonstrated by in situ PLA. Our results suggest possible involvement of MT1-MMP processing of EphA2 in invasiveness of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tatsukawa
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Naohiko Koshikawa
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Juichiro Nakayama
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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SLAP displays tumour suppressor functions in colorectal cancer via destabilization of the SRC substrate EPHA2. Nat Commun 2016; 5:3159. [PMID: 24457997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor SLAP is a negative regulator of receptor signalling in immune cells but its role in human cancer is ill defined. Here we report that SLAP is abundantly expressed in healthy epithelial intestine but strongly downregulated in 50% of colorectal cancer. SLAP overexpression suppresses cell tumorigenicity and invasiveness while SLAP silencing enhances these transforming properties. Mechanistically, SLAP controls SRC/EPHA2/AKT signalling via destabilization of the SRC substrate and receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2. This activity is independent from CBL but requires SLAP SH3 interaction with the ubiquitination factor UBE4A and SLAP SH2 interaction with pTyr594-EPHA2. SRC phosphorylates EPHA2 on Tyr594, thus creating a feedback loop that promotes EPHA2 destruction and thereby self-regulates its transforming potential. SLAP silencing enhances SRC oncogenicity and sensitizes colorectal tumour cells to SRC inhibitors. Collectively, these data establish a tumour-suppressive role for SLAP in colorectal cancer and a mechanism of SRC oncogenic induction through stabilization of its cognate substrates.
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Yang PW, Chiang TH, Hsieh CY, Huang YC, Wong LF, Hung MC, Tsai JC, Lee JM. The effect of ephrin-A1 on resistance to Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:2353-61. [PMID: 26450615 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most prevalent cell type of esophageal cancer, remains a dismal disease with poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment option for early esophageal cancer. To explore possible factors involved in resistance to PDT in esophageal cancer cells, we selected PDT-resistant subcell lines by repeated treatment of CE48T/VGH (CE48T) ESCC cells with Photofrin-PDT and then analyzed the global gene modulations in the PDT-resistant cells by whole-genome microarray. More than 700 genes reached a fold change greater than 1.5 in each of the PDT-resistant cells compared to parental cells. Among these genes, both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and EFNA1 genes were significantly upregulated in resistant cell lines. However, they were significantly downregulated in Photofrin-PDT-treated cells compared to untreated cells. The observations made in the microarray analysis were further confirmed by quantitative PCR. We observed that recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activated the gene expression of EFNA1 at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) level and the protein level in CE48T cells. Functional analysis showed that when incubated with oligomeric and monomeric ephrin-A1 simultaneously, ESCC cells became significantly resistant to Photofrin-PDT. Functional analysis further suggested that transmembrane and soluble ephrin-A1 may cooperate to enhance resistance to Photofrin-PDT in ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yueh Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Wong
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chang Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hong JY, Shin MH, Chung KS, Kim EY, Jung JY, Kang YA, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Park MS. EphA2 Receptor Signaling Mediates Inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:218-26. [PMID: 26175775 PMCID: PMC4499589 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eph receptors and ephrin ligands have several functions including angiogenesis, cell migration, axon guidance, fluid homeostasis, oncogenesis, inflammation and injury repair. The EphA2 receptor potentially mediates the regulation of vascular permeability and inflammation in response to lung injury. Methods Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups to study the role of EphA2 signaling in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury model i.e., IgG+phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group (IgG instillation before PBS exposure), IgG+LPS group (IgG instillation before LPS exposure) and EphA2 monoclonal antibody (mAb)+LPS group (EphA2 mAb pretreatment before LPS exposure). Results EphA2 and ephrinA1 were upregulated in LPS-induced lung injury. The lung injury score of the EphA2 mAb+LPS group was lower than that of the IgG+LPS group (4.30±2.93 vs. 11.45±1.20, respectively; p=0.004). Cell counts (EphA2 mAb+LPS: 11.33×104±8.84×104 vs. IgG+LPS: 208.0×104±122.6×104; p=0.018) and total protein concentrations (EphA2 mAb+LPS: 0.52±0.41 mg/mL vs. IgG+LPS: 1.38±1.08 mg/mL; p=0.192) were decreased in EphA2 mAb+LPS group, as compared to the IgG+LPS group. In addition, EphA2 antagonism reduced the expression of phospho-p85, phosphoinositide 3-kinase 110γ, phospho-Akt, nuclear factor κB, and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion This results of the study indicated a role for EphA2-ephrinA1 signaling in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced lung injury. Furthermore, EphA2 antagonism inhibits the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway and attenuates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hong
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Shin
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Kyu Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Chang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koshikawa N, Hoshino D, Taniguchi H, Minegishi T, Tomari T, Nam SO, Aoki M, Sueta T, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto S, Nabeshima K, Weaver AM, Seiki M. Proteolysis of EphA2 Converts It from a Tumor Suppressor to an Oncoprotein. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3327-39. [PMID: 26130649 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are considered candidate therapeutic targets in cancer, but they can exert opposing effects on cell growth. In the presence of its ligands, Eph receptor EphA2 suppresses signaling by other growth factor receptors, including ErbB, whereas ligand-independent activation of EphA2 augments ErbB signaling. To deploy EphA2-targeting drugs effectively in tumors, the anti-oncogenic ligand-dependent activation state of EphA2 must be discriminated from its oncogenic ligand-independent state. Because the molecular basis for the latter is little understood, we investigated how the activation state of EphA2 can be switched in tumor tissue. We found that ligand-binding domain of EphA2 is cleaved frequently by the membrane metalloproteinase MT1-MMP, a powerful modulator of the pericellular environment in tumor cells. EphA2 immunostaining revealed a significant loss of the N-terminal portion of EphA2 in areas of tumor tissue that expressed MT1-MMP. Moreover, EphA2 phosphorylation patterns that signify ligand-independent activation were observed specifically in these areas of tumor tissue. Mechanistic experiments revealed that processing of EphA2 by MT1-MMP promoted ErbB signaling, anchorage-independent growth, and cell migration. Conversely, expression of a proteolysis-resistant mutant of EphA2 prevented tumorigenesis and metastasis of human tumor xenografts in mice. Overall, our results showed how the proteolytic state of EphA2 in tumors determines its effector function and influences its status as a candidate biomarker for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minegishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Tomari
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung-Ouk Nam
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sueta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Integrated Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan.
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Miao B, Ji Z, Tan L, Taylor M, Zhang J, Choi HG, Frederick DT, Kumar R, Wargo JA, Flaherty KT, Gray NS, Tsao H. EPHA2 is a mediator of vemurafenib resistance and a novel therapeutic target in melanoma. Cancer Discov 2014; 5:274-87. [PMID: 25542448 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BRAF(V600E) is the most common oncogenic lesion in melanoma and results in constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway and uncontrolled cell growth. Selective BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib have been shown to neutralize oncogenic signaling, restrain cellular growth, and improve patient outcome. Although several mechanisms of vemurafenib resistance have been described, directed solutions to overcome these resistance lesions are still lacking. Herein, we found that vemurafenib resistance can be (i) mediated by EPHA2, a member of the largest receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) subfamily erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors, and (ii) associated with a greater phenotypic dependence on EPHA2. Furthermore, we developed a series of first-in-class EPHA2 inhibitors and show that these new compounds potently induce apoptosis, suppress viability, and abrogate tumorigenic growth of melanoma cells, including those that are resistant to vemurafenib. These results provide proof of concept that RTK-guided growth, and therapeutic resistance, can be prospectively defined and selectively targeted. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we show that resistance to selective BRAF inhibitors can be mediated by the RTK EPHA2. Furthermore, direct targeting of EPHA2 can successfully suppress melanoma growth and mitigate therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchun Miao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Taylor
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raj Kumar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Ma B, Kolb S, Diprima M, Karna M, Tosato G, Yang Q, Huang Q, Nussinov R. Investigation of the interactions between the EphB2 receptor and SNEW peptide variants. Growth Factors 2014; 32:236-46. [PMID: 25410963 PMCID: PMC4627370 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.985786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
EphB2 interacts with cell surface-bound ephrin ligands to relay bidirectional signals. Overexpression of the EphB2 receptor protein has been linked to different types of cancer. The SNEW (SNEWIQPRLPQH) peptide binds with high selectivity and moderate affinity to EphB2, inhibiting Eph-ephrin interactions by competing with ephrin ligands for the EphB2 high-affinity pocket. We used rigorous free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations to re-evaluate the binding interactions of SNEW peptide with the EphB2 receptor, followed by experimental testing of the computational results. Our results provide insight into dynamic interactions of EphB2 with SNEW peptide. While the first four residues of the SNEW peptide are already highly optimized, change of the C-terminal end of the peptide has the potential to improve SNEW-binding affinity. We identified a PXSPY motif that can be similarly aligned with several other EphB2-binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephanie Kolb
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Diprima
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Molleshree Karna
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and the corresponding ephrin ligands play a pivotal role in the glioma development and progression. Aberrant protein expression levels of the Eph receptors and ephrins are often associated with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis. Their function in tumorigenesis is complex due to the intricate network of possible co-occurring interactions between neighboring tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. Both Ephs and ephrins localize on the surface of tumor cells, tumor vasculature, glioma stem cells, tumor cells infiltrating brain, and immune cells infiltrating tumors. They can both promote and inhibit tumorigenicity depending on the downstream forward and reverse signalling generated. All the above-mentioned features make the Ephs/ephrins system an intriguing candidate for the development of new therapeutic strategies in glioma treatment. This review will give a general overview on the structure and the function of Ephs and ephrins, with a particular emphasis on the state of the knowledge of their role in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferluga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Waldemar Debinski, M.D., Ph.D., Director of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Thomas K. Hearn Jr. Brain Tumor Research Center, Professor of Neurosurgery, Radiation Oncology, and Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, Phone: (336) 716-9712, Fax: (336) 713-7639,
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Dai D, Huang Q, Nussinov R, Ma B. Promiscuous and specific recognition among ephrins and Eph receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1844:1729-40. [PMID: 25017878 PMCID: PMC4157952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eph-ephrin interactions control the signal transduction between cells and play an important role in carcinogenesis and other diseases. The interactions between Eph receptors and ephrins of the same subclass are promiscuous; there are cross-interactions between some subclasses, but not all. To understand how Eph-ephrin interactions can be both promiscuous and specific, we investigated sixteen energy landscapes of four Eph receptors (A2, A4, B2, and B4) interacting with four ephrin ligands (A1, A2, A5, and B2). We generated conformational ensembles and recognition energy landscapes starting from separated Eph and ephrin molecules and proceeding up to the formation of Eph-ephrin complexes. Analysis of the Eph-ephrin recognition trajectories and the co-evolution entropy of 400 ligand binding domains of Eph receptor and 241 ephrin ligands identified conserved residues during the recognition process. Our study correctly predicted the promiscuity and specificity of the interactions and provided insights into their recognition. The dynamic conformational changes during Eph-ephrin recognition can be described by progressive conformational selection and population shift events, with two dynamic salt bridges between EphB4 and ephrin-B2 contributing to the specific recognition. EphA3 cancer-related mutations lowered the binding energies. The specificity is not only controlled by the final stage of the interaction across the protein-protein interface, but also has large contributions from binding kinetics with the help of dynamic intermediates along the pathway from the separated Eph and ephrin to the Eph-ephrin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Cissé M, Checler F. Eph receptors: new players in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:137-49. [PMID: 25193466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is devastating and leads to permanent losses of memory and other cognitive functions. Although recent genetic evidences strongly argue for a causative role of Aβ in AD onset and progression (Jonsson et al., 2012), its role in AD etiology remains a matter of debate. However, even if not the sole culprit or pathological trigger, genetic and anatomical evidences in conjunction with numerous pharmacological studies, suggest that Aβ peptides, at least contribute to the disease. How Aβ contributes to memory loss remains largely unknown. Soluble Aβ species referred to as Aβ oligomers have been shown to be neurotoxic and induce network failure and cognitive deficits in animal models of the disease. In recent years, several proteins were described as potential Aβ oligomers receptors, amongst which are the receptor tyrosine kinases of Eph family. These receptors together with their natural ligands referred to as ephrins have been involved in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic neurogenesis, learning and memory, diabetes, cancers and anxiety. Here we review recent discoveries on Eph receptors-mediated protection against Aβ oligomers neurotoxicity as well as their potential as therapeutic targets in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Cissé
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, "Labex Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France..
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, "Labex Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France..
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Lennon FE, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev N, Mambetsariev B, Salgia R, Singleton PA. Transactivation of the receptor-tyrosine kinase ephrin receptor A2 is required for the low molecular weight hyaluronan-mediated angiogenesis that is implicated in tumor progression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24043-58. [PMID: 25023279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessels is important in the growth and metastatic potential of various cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) by which angiogenesis occurs can have important therapeutic implications in numerous malignancies. We and others have demonstrated that low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA, ∼2500 Da) promotes endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and angiogenesis. However, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is poorly defined. Our data indicate that treatment of human EC with LMW-HA induced CD44v10 association with the receptor-tyrosine kinase, EphA2, transactivation (tyrosine phosphorylation) of EphA2, and recruitment of the PDZ domain scaffolding protein, PATJ, to the cell periphery. Silencing (siRNA) CD44, EphA2, PATJ, or Dbs (RhoGEF) expression blocked LMW-HA-mediated angiogenesis (EC proliferation, migration, and tubule formation). In addition, silencing EphA2, PATJ, Src, or Dbs expression blocked LMW-HA-mediated RhoA activation. To translate our in vitro findings, we utilized a novel anginex/liposomal targeting of murine angiogenic endothelium with either CD44 or EphA2 siRNA and observed inhibition of LMW-HA-induced angiogenesis in implanted Matrigel plugs. Taken together, these results indicate LMW-HA-mediated transactivation of EphA2 is required for PATJ and Dbs membrane recruitment and subsequent RhoA activation required for angiogenesis. These results suggest that targeting downstream effectors of LMW-HA could be a useful therapeutic intervention for angiogenesis-associated diseases including tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Lennon
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | | | | | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Section of Hematology and Oncology University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois 60637
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50
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Barile E, Wang S, Das SK, Noberini R, Dahl R, Stebbins JL, Pasquale EB, Fisher PB, Pellecchia M. Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of an EphA2 receptor-based targeted delivery system. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1403-12. [PMID: 24677792 PMCID: PMC4082471 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of its overexpression in a range of solid tumors, the EphA2 receptor is a validated target for cancer therapeutics. We recently described a new targeted delivery system based on specific EphA2-targeting peptides conjugated with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Here, we investigate the chemical determinants responsible for the stability and degradation of these agents in plasma. Introducing modifications in both the peptide and the linker between the peptide and paclitaxel resulted in drug conjugates that are both long-lived in rat plasma and that markedly decrease tumor size in a prostate cancer xenograft model compared with paclitaxel alone treatment. These studies identify critical rate-limiting degradation sites on the peptide-drug conjugates, enabling the design of agents with increased stability and efficacy. These results provide support for our central hypothesis that peptide-drug conjugates targeting EphA2 represent an innovative and potentially effective strategy to selectively deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barile
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Si Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall Building, Room 11-015, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Russell Dahl
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, Chicago Medical School, Building: IPEC, Room: 2.80, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Il 60064-3095
| | - John L. Stebbins
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall Building, Room 11-015, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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