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He W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Bu X, Sui C, Pan S, Yao C, Tang Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of dietary supplementation with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109651. [PMID: 38796043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
A ten-week culture trial in juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (10.80 ± 0.10 g) was conducted to assess the impact of supplementing heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus (HLA) on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response. Five iso-nitrogenous (42 % crude protein) and iso-lipidic (12 % crude lipid) experimental feeds with different levels of HLA (0.0 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, or 0.8 %) were prepared. They were named FO (control group), HLA0.1, HLA0.2, HLA0.4 and HLA0.8, respectively. The results indicated that HLA addition had no impact on survival (P > 0.05). In this experiment, the final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate showed a quadratic regression trend, initially increasing and subsequently decreasing with the increasing in HLA levels, and attained the peak value at 0.2 % HLA supplemental level (P < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, in terms of digestive ability, amylase, lipase and trypsin exhibited a notable linear and quadratic pattern, demonstrating a substantial increase when 0.1% 0.2 % HLA was added in the diets (P < 0.05). Notably, elevated levels of catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were observed in the liver when adding 0.1%-0.2 % HLA, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased and the liver exhibited a notable upregulation in the mRNA expression levels of nrf2, cat, sod2, and sod3 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA levels of genes associated with tight junctions in the intestines (zo-1, zo-2 and occludin) exhibited a significant upregulation when 0.2 % HLA was added in the feed (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of mRNA expression for proinflammatory genes in the intestines including tnf-α, il-1β, il-6 and il-8 exhibited a quadratic regression trend, characterized by an initial decline followed by subsequent growth (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of mRNA expression for genes linked to anti-inflammatory responses in the intestines (including il-10, tgf-β, and arg1) exhibited a quadratic regression pattern, initially increasing and subsequently decreasing (P < 0.05). Compare with the control group, the levels of tnf-α, il-1β and il-8 expression were notably downregulated in all HLA addition groups (P < 0.05). When 0.2 % HLA was added, the expression levels of il-10, tgf-β and arg1 in the intestinal tract were markedly increased (P < 0.05). Overall, the supplementation of 0.2 % HLA in the feed has been shown to enhance the growth performance. The enhancement was attributed to HLA's capacity to improve antioxidant function, intestinal barrier integrity, and mitigate inflammatory responses. This research offers a scientific foundation for the utilization of HLA in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, And the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Huang HJ, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang L, Li DW, Li HY, Yang WD. Polystyrene microplastics exacerbated the toxicity of okadaic acid to the small intestine in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116628. [PMID: 38905936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and okadaic acid (OA) are known to coexist in marine organisms, potentially impacting humans through food chain. However, the combined toxicity of OA and MPs remains unknown. In this study, mice were orally administered OA at 200 μg/kg bw and MPs at 2 mg/kg bw. The co-exposure group showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and significant decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level compared to the control, MPs and OA groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the co-exposure group exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-1β and IL-18 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that co-exposure to MPs and OA induces oxidative stress and exacerbates inflammation. Histological and cellular ultrastructure analyses suggested that this combined exposure may enhance gut damage and compromise barrier integrity. Consequently, the concentration of OA in the small intestine of the co-exposure group was significantly higher than that in the OA group. Furthermore, MPs were observed in the lamina propria of the gut in the co-exposure group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the co-exposure led to increased expression of certain genes related to the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway compared to the OA and MPs groups. Overall, this combined exposure may disrupt the intestinal barrier, and promote inflammation through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. These findings provide precious information for the understanding of health risks associated with MPs and phycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Homolak J, Joja M, Grabaric G, Schiatti E, Virag D, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. The Absence of Gastrointestinal Redox Dyshomeostasis in the Brain-First Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by Bilateral Intrastriatal 6-Hydroxydopamine. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5481-5493. [PMID: 38200352 PMCID: PMC11249596 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) by acting as a route for vagal propagation of aggregated α-synuclein in the gut-first endophenotype and as a mediator of gastrointestinal dyshomeostasis via the nigro-vagal pathway in the brain-first endophenotype of the disease. One important mechanism by which the gut-brain axis may promote PD is by regulating gastrointestinal redox homeostasis as overwhelming evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis and progression of PD and the gastrointestinal tract maintains redox homeostasis of the organism by acting as a critical barrier to environmental and microbiological electrophilic challenges. The present aim was to utilize the bilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) brain-first PD model to study the effects of isolated central pathology on redox homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were either not treated (intact controls; CTR) or treated bilaterally intrastriatally with vehicle (CIS) or 6-OHDA (6-OHDA). Motor deficits were assessed with the rotarod performance test, and the duodenum, ileum, and colon were dissected for biochemical analyses 12 weeks after the treatment. Lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, low-molecular-weight thiols, and protein sulfhydryls, the activity of total and Mn/Fe superoxide dismutases, and total and azide-insensitive catalase/peroxidase were measured. Both univariate and multivariate models analyzing redox biomarkers indicate that significant disturbances in gastrointestinal redox balance are not present. The findings demonstrate that motor impairment observed in the brain-first 6-OHDA model of PD can occur without concurrent redox imbalances in the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine & Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections,", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mihovil Joja
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gracia Grabaric
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emiliano Schiatti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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He Y, Li F, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Lin Z, Li L, Nawaz S, Kulyar MFEA, Iqbal M, Li J. Pediococcus pentosaceus PP34 Ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Restoring the Gut Microbiota. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10324-1. [PMID: 39046671 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) slows down the progress of cancer treatment and causes significant suffering to patients. Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), as a type of LAB, has a range of probiotic properties, including antioxidant, immune benefits, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which are attracting increasing attention. However, studies on the protective effect of P. pentosaceus against chemotherapeutic-induced intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential relieving effects of P. pentosaceus PP34 on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and its mechanism. In the present study, a P. pentosaceus PP34 solution (2 × 109 CFU/mL) was administered daily by gavage followed by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU to model intestinal mucositis. The body weight, serum biochemical indices, jejunal pathological organization, and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum were examined. The results indicated that the mice induced with 5-FU developed typical intestinal mucositis symptoms and histopathological changes with intense inflammatory and oxidative responses. Moreover, the gut microbiota was disturbed, while PP34 effectively decreased the oxidative reactions and the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and regulated the gut microbiota in 5-FU-exposed mice. Taken together, the study indicated that P. pentosaceus PP34 ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Mazzone RJ, Winsor NJ, Li LY, Barry KT, Ranger A, Goyal S, Meade JJ, Bruce J, Philpott DJ, Mogridge J, Girardin SE. NLRP1B expressed in intestinal epithelial cells is refractory to activation with Val-boro-Pro. Microbes Infect 2024:105398. [PMID: 39047896 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa must balance tolerance to commensal microbes and luminal antigens with rapid detection of enteric pathogens in order to maintain homeostasis. This balance is facilitated through the regulation of epithelial layer integrity by innate immune receptors. Certain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, including NLRC4 and NLRP9B, form inflammasomes that protect against pathogens by activating caspase-1 to cause extrusion of infected cells. NLRP1B is a murine NLR encoded by five alleles of a highly polymorphic gene homologous to human NLRP1. NLRP1B forms inflammasomes in response to a variety of pathogens that cause intestinal infections, but it has almost exclusively been studied in immune cells and has not been characterized in cells of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we show that Nlrp1b is expressed in ileal and colonic organoids derived for C57BL/6J mice. Nlrp1b was upregulated by interleukin-13 in organoids and by the protozoan Tritrichomonas muris in vivo, suggesting that NLRP1B may be involved in defense against enteric parasites. Surprisingly, while Val-boro-Pro (VbP) activated NLRP1B in bone marrow-derived macrophages, it did not activate NLRP1B in organoids. We furthermore did not detect Nlrp1b in organoids derived from Balb/cJ mice, which express a different allele than the one expressed in C57BL/6J mice. Together, our results suggest that NLRP1B may have an allele-dependent function in murine IECs whose regulation is distinct from that of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mazzone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathaniel J Winsor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian T Barry
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Adrienne Ranger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Goyal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin J Meade
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Bruce
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Mogridge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang Q, Li A, Yu H, Wang C, Wang T, Zhang J. Evaluation of Cross-Talk and Alleviate Potential of Cytotoxic Factors Induced by Deoxynivalenol in IPEC-J2 Cells Interference with Curcumin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6984. [PMID: 39000093 PMCID: PMC11241398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum, and curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in turmeric. However, the combined treatment of CUR and DON to explore the mitigating effect of CUR on DON and their combined mechanism of action is not clear. Therefore, in this study, we established four treatment groups (CON, CUR, DON and CUR + DON) to investigate their mechanism in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). In addition, the cross-talk and alleviating potential of CUR interfering with DON-induced cytotoxic factors were evaluated by in vitro experiments; the results showed that CUR could effectively inhibit DON-exposed activated TNF-α/NF-κB pathway, attenuate DON-induced apoptosis, and alleviate DON-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress through PERK/CHOP pathways, which were verified at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these promising findings may contribute to the future use of CUR as a novel feed additive to protect livestock from the harmful effects of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
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Jin S, Xu H, Yang C, O K. Regulation of oxidative stress in the intestine of piglets after enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119711. [PMID: 38574824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is recognized globally as a major gastrointestinal pathogen that impairs intestinal function. ETEC infection can lead to oxidative stress and disruption of intestinal integrity. The present study investigated the mechanism of increased oxidative stress and whether restoration of antioxidant defense could improve intestinal integrity in a piglet model with ETEC infection. Weaned piglets were divided into three groups: control, ETEC-infection and ETEC-infection with antibiotic supplementation. The infection caused a significant elevation of serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate levels coupled with a reduced intestinal (mid-jejunum) tight-junction protein expression, suggesting increased intestinal permeability and impaired gut function. The infection also inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, decreased the expression of glutathione synthesizing enzymes, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the intestine. This led to a decreased antioxidant glutathione level and an increased lipid peroxidation in the intestine and serum, indicating oxidative stress. The infection stimulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). Antibiotic supplementation attenuated oxidative stress, in part, through restoration of glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme expression in the intestine. Such a treatment enhanced tight-junction protein expression and improved intestinal function. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress in Caco2 cells by hydrogen peroxide inhibited tight-junction protein expression and stimulated inflammatory cytokine expression. Glutathione supplementation effectively attenuated oxidative stress and restored tight-junction protein expression. These results suggest that downregulation of Nrf2 activation may weaken antioxidant defense and increase oxidative stress in the intestine. Mitigation of oxidative stress can improve intestinal function after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Canada
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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Sestak SS, da Motta Lima FG, de Oliveira AP, Barateiro LGRP, Vieira-Frez FC, de Souza SRG, Guarnier FA, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN. Effects of cancer-induced cachexia and administration of L-glutathione on the intestinal mucosa in rat. Amino Acids 2024; 56:30. [PMID: 38607556 PMCID: PMC11009745 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Walker-256 tumor is an experimental model known to promote cachexia syndrome, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. This study evaluated the duodenal mucosa of rats with Walker-256 tumor administered with 1% L-glutathione, intending to evaluate the damage caused by cancer-associated cachexia in the gastrointestinal tract and the effects of antioxidant administration on mucosal protection. Twenty-four 55-day-old male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C); control administered with 1% L-glutathione (C-GSH); Walker-256 tumor (W) and Walker-256 tumor administered with 1% L-glutathione (W-GSH). After 14 days of treatment, the duodenum was harvested for morphometric analysis of the mucosa, proliferation, apoptosis, immunostaining of varicosities immunoreactive (IR) to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and 5-HT-IR cells, and quantification of mast cells and goblet cells. Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats showed cachexia syndrome, mucosal atrophy, reduced cell proliferation, reduced 5-HT-IR cells, and increased goblet cells and VIPergic varicosities, which were not reversed by L-glutathione. On the other hand, L-glutathione caused a reduction of cells in apoptosis and mast cell recruitment, demonstrating a partial recovery of the damage detected in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Silva Sestak
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Enteric Neural Plasticity, State University of Maringá, O33 Block, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galvão da Motta Lima
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Enteric Neural Plasticity, State University of Maringá, O33 Block, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Enteric Neural Plasticity, State University of Maringá, O33 Block, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Enteric Neural Plasticity, State University of Maringá, O33 Block, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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9
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Ding F, Zhou N, Luo Y, Wang T, Li W, Qiao F, Du Z, Zhang M. Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus restored gossypol-induced intestinal barrier injury by increasing propionate content in Nile tilapia. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:54. [PMID: 38582865 PMCID: PMC10999087 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier is a dynamic interface between the body and the ingested food components, however, dietary components or xenobiotics could compromise intestinal integrity, causing health risks to the host. Gossypol, a toxic component in cottonseed meal (CSM), caused intestinal injury in fish or other monogastric animals. It has been demonstrated that probiotics administration benefits the intestinal barrier integrity, but the efficacy of probiotics in maintaining intestinal health when the host is exposed to gossypol remains unclear. Here, a strain (YC) affiliated to Pediococcus pentosaceus was isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its potential to repair gossypol-induced intestinal damage was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 270 Nile tilapia (2.20 ± 0.02 g) were allotted in 3 groups with 3 tanks each and fed with 3 diets including CON (control diet), GOS (control diet containing 300 mg/kg gossypol) and GP (control diet containing 300 mg/kg gossypol and 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g P. pentosaceus YC), respectively. After 10 weeks, addition of P. pentosaceus YC restored growth retardation and intestinal injury induced by gossypol in Nile tilapia. Transcriptome analysis and siRNA interference experiments demonstrated that NOD-like receptors (NLR) family caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain containing 3 (Nlrc3) inhibition might promote intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, as well as maintaining gut barrier integrity. 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that addition of P. pentosaceus YC altered the composition of gut microbiota and increased the content of propionate in fish gut. In vitro studies on propionate's function demonstrated that it suppressed nlrc3 expression and promoted wound healing in Caco-2 cell model. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that P. pentosaceus YC has the capacity to ameliorate intestinal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota composition and elevating propionate level. This finding offers a promising strategy for the feed industry to incorporate cottonseed meal into fish feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ding
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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10
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Fan Z, Ge K, Wu D, Wang L, Li J, Li C, Zhou M, Zhang H, Miao L, Ge X. Suitable Cottonseed Protein Concentrate Supplementation in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) Serves as an Effective Strategy for Fish Meal Sparing Based on Improvement in Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Barrier and Microbiota Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:436. [PMID: 38671885 PMCID: PMC11047743 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is an effective strategy to moderate the shortage of fish meal (FM) for the aquafeed industry. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of replacing fishmeal with CPC on cyprinid fish. This study used common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as the biological model and assessed the potential of applying CPC as a substitute for fishmeal in the diet of common carp. The proportion of fish meal substituted with CPC in the six diets was 0% (CPC0), 25% (CPC25), 50% (CPC50), 75% (CPC75), and 100% (CPC100). Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of common carp (4.17 ± 0.02 g) for 56 days. Results revealed that the CPC50 group significantly increased the growth indexes via up-regulating the genes of the GH/IGF axis and the TOR pathway. The intestinal digestive ability was also elevated in the CPC50 group via markedly increasing intestinal villus height, protease and lipase activities in the whole intestine, and the amylase activity of the foregut and midgut. The CPC50 group captured significantly higher activities and gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes and lower malonaldehyde contents via evoking the Nrf2/Keap1 signal pathway. The CPC50 group enhance the intestinal mechanical barrier via up-regulating the gene expressions of tight junction proteins and heighten the intestinal biological barrier by increasing the probiotics (Lactococcus) and decreasing the harmful bacteria (Enterococcus). But excessive substitution levels (75% and 100%) would compromise growth performance, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and immune function. The optimum substitution level was estimated to be 46.47%, 47.72%, and 46.43% using broken-line regression analyses based on mass gain rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion rate. Overall, the fishmeal in common carp feed could be substituted up to 50% by CPC without negative influence on growth, feed utilization, and or intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (Z.F.); (K.G.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Kaibo Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (Z.F.); (K.G.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (Z.F.); (K.G.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (Z.F.); (K.G.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (Z.F.); (K.G.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (Z.F.); (K.G.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Meng Zhou
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524000, China;
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.M.); (X.G.)
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (L.M.); (X.G.)
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11
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Xu R, Feng N, Li Q, Wang H, Li L, Feng X, Su Y, Zhu W. Pectin supplementation accelerates post-antibiotic gut microbiome reconstitution orchestrated with reduced gut redox potential. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae101. [PMID: 38857378 PMCID: PMC11203915 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis (AID) presents a big challenge to host health, and the recovery from this dysbiosis is often slow and incomplete. AID is typically characterized by elevation in redox potential, Enterobacteriaceae load, and aerobic metabolism. In our previous study, a pectin-enriched diet was demonstrated to decrease fecal redox potential and modulate the gut microbiome. Therefore, we propose that pectin supplementation may modulate gut redox potential and favor post-antibiotic gut microbiome reconstitution from dysbiosis. In the present study, rats with AIDwere used to investigate the effects of pectin supplementation on post-antibiotic gut microbiome reconstitution from dysbiosis. The results showed that pectin supplementation accelerated post-antibiotic reconstitution of gut microbiome composition and function and led to enhancement of anabolic reductive metabolism and weakening of catabolic oxidative pathways. These results were corroborated by the measurement of redox potential, findings suggesting that pectin favors post-antibiotic recovery from dysbiosis. Pectin-modulated fecal microbiota transplantation accelerated the decrease in antibiotics-elevated redox potential and Enterobacteriaceae load similarly to pectin supplementation. Moreover, both pectin supplementation and Pectin-modulated fecal microbiota transplantation enriched anaerobic members, primarily from Lachnospiraceae orchestration with enhancement of microbial reductive metabolism in post-antibiotic rats. These findings suggested that pectin supplementation accelerated post-antibiotic gut microbiome reconstitution orchestrated with reduced gut redox potential and that the effect of pectin on redox potential was mediated by remodeling of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ni Feng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiuke Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lian Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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12
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Fu Y, Li E, Casey TM, Johnson TA, Adeola O, Ajuwon KM. Impact of maternal live yeast supplementation to sows on intestinal inflammatory cytokine expression and tight junction proteins in suckling and weanling piglets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae008. [PMID: 38206189 PMCID: PMC10836509 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of maternal nutrition during gestation and lactation in modulating the gastrointestinal development and health of offspring. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation to sows during late gestation and throughout lactation on markers of gut health of piglets prior to weaning and immediately postweaning. On day 77 of gestation, forty sows were allotted based on parity and expected farrowing dates to two dietary treatments: without (CON) or with (LY) supplementation at 0.05% and 0.1% of diet during gestation and lactation, respectively. On postnatal days (PND) 0, 10, 18, and postweaning days (PWD) 7 and 14, one piglet from each of 10 sows per treatment were selected for intestinal tissue collection (n = 10). Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses were used to determine the mucosal expression of immune and antioxidant-regulatory genes and tight junction markers of gut health in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Inflammatory and tight junction markers on PND 0 were not affected by maternal dietary treatment. On PND 18, maternal LY supplementation increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tended (P = 0.08) to increase expression of IL-10 in the ileal muocsa. Maternal LY supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) expression of IL-1β in the ileal mucosa on PWD 14. Likewise, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 was increased (P < 0.05) by LY on PND 10, 18, and PWD 14, with a tendency (P = 0.09) for a greater mRNA abundance of catalase on PND 14 in the ileal mucosa. Compared to CON piglets, LY piglets had a higher (P < 0.05) protein abundance of E-cadherin in the jejunal mucosa on PND 0, PWD 7, and PWD 14. Levels of occludin and claudin-4 were also higher (P < 0.05) in the jejunum of LY piglets on PWD 14. No differences were found in jejunal histomorphological measurements between treatments. In conclusion, this study shows that maternal LY supplementation affects key markers of gut health and development in the offspring that may impact the future growth potential and health of newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechi Fu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Enkai Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Theresa M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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13
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Natural Products as Dietary Agents for the Prevention and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Intestinal Barrier. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38247489 PMCID: PMC10812469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Barreto-Peixoto JA, Silva C, Costa ASG, Álvarez-Rivera G, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Oliveira MBPP, Alves RC, Martel F, Andrade N. A Prunus avium L. Infusion Inhibits Sugar Uptake and Counteracts Oxidative Stress-Induced Stimulation of Glucose Uptake by Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 38247483 PMCID: PMC10812648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is among the most valued fruits due to its organoleptic properties and nutritional worth. Cherry stems are rich in bioactive compounds, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Innumerable studies have indicated that some bioactive compounds can modulate sugar absorption in the small intestine. In this study, the phenolic profile of a cherry stem infusion was investigated, as well as its capacity to modulate intestinal glucose and fructose transport in Caco-2 cells. Long-term (24 h) exposure to cherry stem infusion (25%, v/v) significantly reduced glucose (3H-DG) and fructose (14C-FRU) apical uptake, reduced the apical-to-basolateral Papp to 3H-DG, and decreased mRNA expression levels of the sugar transporters SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5. Oxidative stress (induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide) caused an increase in 3H-DG uptake, which was abolished by the cherry stem infusion. These findings suggest that cherry stem infusion can reduce the intestinal absorption of both glucose and fructose by decreasing the gene expression of their membrane transporters. Moreover, this infusion also appears to be able to counteract the stimulatory effect of oxidative stress upon glucose intestinal uptake. Therefore, it can be a potentially useful compound for controlling hyperglycemia, especially in the presence of increased intestinal oxidative stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Barreto-Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Cláudia Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.); (E.I.)
| | - M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Virag D, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Exploratory Study of Gastrointestinal Redox Biomarkers in the Presymptomatic and Symptomatic Tg2576 Mouse Model of Familial Alzheimer's Disease: Phenotypic Correlates and Effects of Chronic Oral d-Galactose. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4013-4025. [PMID: 37932005 PMCID: PMC10655039 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut might play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as gastrointestinal alterations often precede the development of neuropathological changes in the brain and correlate with disease progression in animal models. The gut has an immense capacity to generate free radicals whose role in the etiopathogenesis of AD is well-known; however, it remains to be clarified whether gastrointestinal redox homeostasis is associated with the development of AD. The aim was to (i) examine gastrointestinal redox homeostasis in the presymptomatic and symptomatic Tg2576 mouse model of AD; (ii) investigate the effects of oral d-galactose previously shown to alleviate cognitive deficits and metabolic changes in animal models of AD and reduce gastrointestinal oxidative stress; and (iii) investigate the association between gastrointestinal redox biomarkers and behavioral alterations in Tg2576 mice. In the presymptomatic stage, Tg2576 mice displayed an increased gastrointestinal electrophilic tone, characterized by higher lipid peroxidation and elevated Mn/Fe-SOD activity. In the symptomatic stage, these alterations are rectified, but the total antioxidant capacity is decreased. Chronic oral d-galactose increased the antioxidant capacity and reduced lipid peroxidation in the Tg2576 but had the opposite effects in the wild-type animals. The total antioxidant capacity of the gastrointestinal tract was associated with greater spatial memory. Gut redox homeostasis might be involved in the development and progression of AD pathophysiology and should be further explored in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Interfaculty
Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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16
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Zhang L, Tang R, Wu Y, Liang Z, Liu J, Pi J, Zhang H. The Role and Mechanism of Retinol and Its Transformation Product, Retinoic Acid, in Modulating Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage to the Duck Intestinal Epithelial Barrier In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3098. [PMID: 37835704 PMCID: PMC10572057 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of retinol and retinoic acid on primary duck intestinal epithelial cells under oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Different ratios of retinol and retinoic acid were used for treatment. The study evaluated the cell morphology, viability, antioxidative capacity, and barrier function of cells. The expression of genes related to oxidative stress and the intestinal barrier was analyzed. The main findings demonstrated that the treated duck intestinal epithelial cells exhibited increased viability, increased antioxidative capacity, and improved intestinal barrier function compared to the control group. High retinoic acid treatment improved viability and gene expression, while high retinol increased antioxidative indicators and promoted intestinal barrier repair. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effects of treatments on cytokine interactions, retinol metabolism, PPAR signaling, and cell adhesion. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of retinol and retinoic acid in protecting and improving intestinal cell health under oxidative stress, providing valuable insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Rui Tang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Zhenhua Liang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Jinsong Pi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Z.); (R.T.); (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan 430064, China
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Prabakaran M, Weible LJ, Champlain JD, Jiang RY, Biondi K, Weil AA, Van Voorhis WC, Ojo KK. The Gut-Wrenching Effects of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Children. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2323. [PMID: 37764167 PMCID: PMC10538111 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis are infectious intestinal protozoan pathogens that cause alarming rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children are more likely to have clinical symptoms due to their less developed immune systems and factors such as undernutrition, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The severity of the symptoms and clinical manifestations in children may vary from asymptomatic to life-threatening depending on the Cryptosporidium species/G. duodenalis strains and the resulting complex stepwise interactions between the parasite, the host nutritional and immunologic status, and the gut microbiome profile. Structural damages inflicted by both parasites to epithelial cells in the large and small intestines could severely impair children's gut health, including the ability to absorb nutrients, resulting in stunted growth, diminished neurocognitive development, and other long-term effects. Clinically approved cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis drugs have broad antimicrobial effects that have incomprehensible impacts on growing children's gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Prabakaran
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Lyssa J. Weible
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Joshua D. Champlain
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Ryan Ye Jiang
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Katalina Biondi
- Human Center for Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.P.); (L.J.W.); (J.D.C.); (R.Y.J.); (A.A.W.); (W.C.V.V.)
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18
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Xun W, Ji M, Ma Z, Deng T, Yang W, Hou G, Shi L, Cao T. Dietary emodin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by regulating gut microbiota in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:152-162. [PMID: 37455790 PMCID: PMC10344667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was to determine the effects of dietary emodin (ED) on the intestinal mucosal barrier, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, and gut microbial flora in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets were chosen and 4 treatments were created by randomly distributing piglets into CON, ED, LPS, and ED_LPS groups. Experiments were done in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and maintained for 21 d. Dietary treatment (a basal diet or 300 mg/kg ED) and immunological challenge (LPS or sterile saline) were 2 major factors. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS or sterilized saline were given to piglets on d 21. Six hours after the LPS challenge, all piglets were euthanized for sample collection and analysis. The results showed that piglets of the ED_LPS group had higher (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR), and lower (P < 0.05) plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than the LPS group. Furthermore, ED inhibited (P < 0.05) the decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities and increase of malonaldehyde level (P < 0.05) in jejunal mucosa induced by LPS. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme genes (GPX-1, SOD2 and CAT), as well as protein and mRNA levels of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1), were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) by ED addition in LPS-induced piglets. Meanwhile, ED supplementation significantly decreased the LPS-induced protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in jejunal mucosa. Emodin had a significant effect on the composition of gut microbial flora at various taxonomic positions as indicated by 16S RNA sequencing. The acetic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations in the cecum were also increased by ED addition in pigs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that some intestinal microbiota had a potential relationship with jejunal VCR, plasma D-lactate and DAO, jejunal mucosa GSH-Px and CAT activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. These data suggest that ED is effective in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengyao Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tanjie Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Liguang Shi
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571100, China
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19
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Hou Y, Michiels J, Kerschaver CV, Vandaele M, Majdeddin M, Vossen E, Degroote J. The kinetics of glutathione in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets supplemented with different doses of dietary reduced glutathione. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1220213. [PMID: 37635757 PMCID: PMC10448897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1220213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of dietary GSH in the gastrointestinal tract and the effect of GSH on the intestinal redox status of weaned piglets. Forty-eight piglets with an average age of 26 days and an average body weight of 7.7 kg were used in this study. The piglets were divided into three treatment groups including the control group with a basal diet (CON) and two GSH groups with a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% GSH (LGSH) and 1.0% GSH (HGSH), respectively. The basal diet did not contain any GSH. The experiment lasted for 14 days, with eight animals sampled from each group on d5 and 14. The parts of 0-5%, 5-75%, and 75-100% of the length of the small intestine were assigned to SI1, SI2, and SI3. The results showed that GSH almost completely disappeared from the digesta at SI2. However, no difference in the GSH level in mucosa, liver, and blood erythrocytes was found. The level of cysteine (CYS) in SI1 digesta was significantly higher in HGSH than CON and LGSH on d14, and similar findings were observed for cystine (CYSS) in SI3 digesta on d5. The CYSS level in HGSH was also significantly higher than LGSH in the stomach on d14, while no CYS or CYSS was detected in the stomach for control animals, indicating the breakdown of GSH to CYS already occurred in the stomach. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, the CYS level on d14 and the CYSS level on d5 and 14 were increased when moving more distally into the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the mucosal CYS level was significantly increased at SI1 in the LGSH and HGSH group compared with CON on d5. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was recovered in the diets and digesta from the LGSH and HGSH group, which could demonstrate the auto-oxidation of GSH. It is, therefore, concluded that GSH supplementation could not increase the small intestinal mucosal GSH level of weaned piglets, and this could potentially relate to the kinetics of GSH in the digestive tract, where GSH seemed to be prone to the breakdown to CYS and CYSS and the auto-oxidation to GSSG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeroen Degroote
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Homolak J, De Busscher J, Zambrano-Lucio M, Joja M, Virag D, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Altered Secretion, Constitution, and Functional Properties of the Gastrointestinal Mucus in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2667-2682. [PMID: 37477640 PMCID: PMC10401635 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system is affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it is currently unknown whether GI alterations arise as a consequence of central nervous system (CNS) pathology or play a causal role in the pathogenesis. GI mucus is a possible mediator of GI dyshomeostasis in neurological disorders as the CNS controls mucus production and secretion via the efferent arm of the brain-gut axis. The aim was to use a brain-first model of sporadic AD induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ-icv; 3 mg/kg) to dissect the efferent (i.e., brain-to-gut) effects of isolated central neuropathology on the GI mucus. Morphometric analysis of goblet cell mucigen granules revealed altered GI mucus secretion in the AD model, possibly mediated by the insensitivity of AD goblet cells to neurally evoked mucosal secretion confirmed by ex vivo cholinergic stimulation of isolated duodenal rings. The dysfunctional efferent control of the GI mucus secretion results in altered biochemical composition of the mucus associated with reduced mucin glycoprotein content, aggregation, and binding capacity in vitro. Finally, functional consequences of the reduced barrier-forming capacity of the mucin-deficient AD mucus are demonstrated using the in vitro two-compartment caffeine diffusion interference model. Isolated central AD-like neuropathology results in the loss of efferent control of GI homeostasis via the brain-gut axis and is characterized by the insensitivity to neurally evoked mucosal secretion, altered mucus constitution with reduced mucin content, and reduced barrier-forming capacity, potentially increasing the susceptibility of the STZ-icv rat model of AD to GI and systemic inflammation induced by intraluminal toxins, microorganisms, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Miguel Zambrano-Lucio
- School
of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
| | - Mihovil Joja
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department
of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute
of Health, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty
of
Science, Technology and Medicine, University
of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Davor Virag
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School
of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian
Institute for Brain Research, University
of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Shi Y, Liu Y, Xie K, Zhang J, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhong L. Sanguinarine Improves Intestinal Health in Grass Carp Fed High-Fat Diets: Involvement of Antioxidant, Physical and Immune Barrier, and Intestinal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1366. [PMID: 37507906 PMCID: PMC10376639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An eight-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of sanguinarine supplementation (600 μg and 1200 μg/kg) in high-fat (crude fat: 10%) diets (HF) on the intestinal physiological function of Ctenopharyngodon idellus (initial weight 50.21 ± 0.68 g), based on a basic diet (5% crude fat, CON), which were named HFLS and HFHS, respectively. The results showed that the HF diet significantly impaired the intestinal immune and physical barrier function, and disrupted the balance of the intestinal microbiota in grass carp. Compared to the HF diet, sanguinarine supplementation significantly improved the levels of serum C4, C3, AKP, IgA, and IgM, and enhanced the intestinal antioxidant capacity (gr, CuZnsod, gpx4, cat, gsto, and nrf2 expression were significantly up-regulated). Sanguinarine significantly down-regulated the expression of claudin-15 and up-regulated the expression of claudin-b, claudin-c, occludin, and zo-1 by inhibiting MLCK signaling molecules. Additionally, sanguinarine significantly down-regulated the expression of il-6, il-1β, and tnf-α and up-regulated the expression of il-10, tgf-β2, and tgf-β1 by inhibiting NF-κB signaling molecules, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation caused by HF diets. Furthermore, compared to the HF diet, the abundance of Fusobacterium and Cetobacterium in the HFHS diet increased significantly, while the abundance of Firmicutes and Streptococcus showed the opposite trend. In conclusion, the HF diet had a negative impact on grass carp, while sanguinarine supplementation enhanced intestinal antioxidant ability, alleviated intestinal barrier damage, and ameliorated the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanxiang Liu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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22
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Qi M, Wang X, Chen J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Jia J, Li L, Yue T, Gao L, Yan B, Zhao B, Xu M. Transformation, Absorption and Toxicological Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles in the Gastrointestinal Tract Following Oral Exposure. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8851-8865. [PMID: 37145866 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral exposure is known as the primary way for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are commonly used as food additives or antibacterial agents in commercial products, to enter the human body. Although the health risk of AgNPs has been a concern and extensively researched over the past few decades, there are still numerous knowledge gaps that need to be filled to disclose what AgNPs experience in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and how they cause oral toxicity. In order to gain more insight into the fate of AgNPs in the GIT, the main gastrointestinal transformation of AgNPs, including aggregation/disaggregation, oxidative dissolution, chlorination, sulfuration, and corona formation, is first described. Second, the intestinal absorption of AgNPs is presented to show how AgNPs interact with epithelial cells and cross the intestinal barrier. Then, more importantly, we make an overview of the mechanisms underlying the oral toxicity of AgNPs in light of recent advances as well as the factors affecting the nano-bio interactions in the GIT, which have rarely been thoroughly elaborated in published literature. At last, we emphatically discuss the issues that need to be addressed in the future to answer the question "How does oral exposure to AgNPs cause detrimental effects on the human body?".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Qi
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingxiangyu Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Zhong Y, Ma T, Fu Z, Chen A, Yu J, Huang Y, Fu J. Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress on Intestinal Morphology, Redox Status, and Related Molecules in Squabs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040749. [PMID: 36830536 PMCID: PMC9952636 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of oxidative stress on the intestine of squabs, and to explore the molecular mechanisms. A total of 360 1-day-old squabs were divided evenly into five different groups (n = 72/group): control, negative control, low, medium, and high dose groups. On the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days, squabs in the control group were not effectively treated and the negative control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, whereas the H2O2 group was injected with H2O2 of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mmol/kg BW respectively. On the 21st day, the serum and duodenum were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that, compared with the control group, H2O2 caused squabs weight loss and intestinal morphology damage, and these effects were enhanced with an increase in dose. Further examination revealed that the contents of oxidative stress markers in both the serum and duodenum of the H2O2 group were significantly enhanced as the dose was increased. In addition, H2O2 exposure also resulted in the lower mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO-1, Beclin1, Atg5, and Caspase-3, but the expression of Claudin2 and Bcl-2 was decreased in comparison to the control group. These findings suggested that duodenal oxidative damage was accompanied by weight loss, changes in intestinal morphology, redox status imbalance, apoptosis as well as autophagy of intestinal cells, with, effects of 3.0 mmol/kg BW of H2O2 being the most severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhong
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhiqi Fu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Jing Fu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (J.F.)
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24
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Wang M, Fan Z, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Yan H, Zheng P. Dietary lactate supplementation can alleviate DSS-induced colitis in piglets. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114148. [PMID: 36580723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is a common and complex intestinal inflammatory disease in which lactate, a metabolite of anaerobic glycolysis, plays a crucial role. Our study aimed to investigate the alleviated effect of lactate in colitis, and to provide a nutritional measure to alleviate colitis injury. The variations in colonic lactate in piglets with DSS-induced colitis were investigated in Experiment 1 (Exp.1). Thirty weaned pigs were allotted into three groups and sampled at different stages of DSS-induced colitis (days 0, 5, and 7). The colonic level of lactate and interleukin 10 (IL-10) was significantly decreased on day 5 when compared to day 0. Colonic lactate, IL-10, and G protein receptor 81 (GPR81) levels were significantly increased on day 7 when compared to day 5. Sixty weaned piglets were assigned to control (basal diet), DSS (basal diet with DSS gavage), or lactate (2% lactate supplementation diet with DSS gavage) groups to investigate the effects of lactate on DSS-induced colitis in Experiment 2 (Exp.2). Lactate reduced the disease activity index (DAI), DSS-induced impairment of colonic structure in response to the critical inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) when compared with the DSS group. Furthermore, GPR-81 levels, colonic M2 macrophages, and IL-10 levels, the colonic antioxidant capacity, colonic butyrate levels were increased, and eventually improved growth performance post-colitis. The results of this study show that lactate was decreased at the peak of colitis, accumulated in subsidized colitis. Furthermore, dietary lactate supplementation helped to alleviate DSS-induced colitis injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequn Fan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Moderating Gut Microbiome/Mitochondrial Axis in Oxazolone Induced Ulcerative Colitis: The Evolving Role of β-Glucan and/or, Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032711. [PMID: 36769034 PMCID: PMC9917140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome is thought to offer innovative explanations for many diseases and thus provide innovative management approaches, especially in GIT-related autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). β-Glucans, important components of many nutritious diets, including oats and mushrooms, have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions. Our research study sought to provide insight into the function of β-glucan and/or fidarestat in modifying the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of UC. A total of 50 Wistar albino male rats were grouped into five groups: control, UC, β-Glucan, Fidarestat, and combined treatment groups. All the groups were tested for the presence of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR-2 and -3) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA gene expressions. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content were found. The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also examined. Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) DNA binding activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 (PGC-1) were identified using the ELISA method. We observed a substantial increase FFAR-2, -3, and TFAM mRNA expression after the therapy. Similar increases were seen in the ATP levels, MMP, SCFA, PGC-1, and Nrf2 DNA binding activity. The levels of ROS, TMAO, and NF-kβ, on the other hand, significantly decreased. Using β-glucan and fidarestat together had unique therapeutic benefits in treating UC by focusing on the microbiota/mitochondrial axis, opening up a new avenue for a potential treatment for such a complex, multidimensional illness.
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Pterostilbene Confers Protection against Diquat-Induced Intestinal Damage with Potential Regulation of Redox Status and Ferroptosis in Broiler Chickens. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8258354. [PMID: 36733420 PMCID: PMC9889155 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8258354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes damage to macromolecules, including proteins, DNA, and lipid, and has been recognized as a crucial driver of the onset and progression of several intestinal disorders. Pterostilbene, one of the natural antioxidants, has attracted considerable attention owing to its multiple biological activities. In the present study, we established an oxidative stress model in broiler chickens via injection with diquat to investigate whether pterostilbene could attenuate diquat-induced intestinal damage and reveal the underlying mechanisms. We found that diquat-induced decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione and the increase in hydrogen peroxide content in plasma and jejunum were significantly alleviated by pterostilbene (P < 0.05). Pterostilbene supplementation also decreased intestinal permeability and jejunal apoptosis rate, improved jejunal villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and promoted the transcription and translation of jejunal tight junction proteins occludin and zona occludens 1 in diquat-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, pterostilbene reversed diquat-induced mitochondrial injury in the jejunum, as indicated by the decreased reactive oxygen species level and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase 2 and mitochondrial respiratory complexes (P < 0.05). Importantly, administering pterostilbene maintained iron homeostasis, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and regulated the expression of the markers of ferroptosis in the jejunum of diquat-exposed broilers (P < 0.05). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway in the jejunum of diquat-exposed broilers was also activated by pterostilbene (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study provides evidence that pterostilbene alleviates diquat-induced intestinal mucosa injury and barrier dysfunction by strengthening antioxidant capacity and regulating ferroptosis of broiler chickens.
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Mechanistic Approaches to the Application of Nano-Zinc in the Poultry and Biomedical Industries: A Comprehensive Review of Future Perspectives and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031064. [PMID: 36770731 PMCID: PMC9921179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-fortification is a new, viable, cost-effective, and long-term method of administering crucial minerals to a populace with limited exposure to diversified foods and other nutritional regimens. Nanotechnology entities aid in the improvement of traditional nutraceutical absorption, digestibility, and bio-availability. Nano-applications are employed in poultry systems utilizing readily accessible instruments and processes that have no negative impact on animal health and welfare. Nanotechnology is a sophisticated innovation in the realm of biomedical engineering that is used to diagnose and cure various poultry ailments. In the 21st century, zinc nanoparticles had received a lot of considerable interest due to their unusual features. ZnO NPs exhibit antibacterial properties; however, the qualities of nanoparticles (NPs) vary with their size and structure, rendering them adaptable to diverse uses. ZnO NPs have shown remarkable promise in bio-imaging and drug delivery due to their high bio-compatibility. The green synthesized nanoparticles have robust biological activities and are used in a variety of biological applications across industries. The current review also discusses the formulation and recent advancements of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their anti-cancerous activities, activities in wound healing, and drug delivery, followed by a detailed discussion of their mechanisms of action.
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Rudar M, Gachman A, Boersma M. Technical note: simultaneous determination of amino thiols in pig tissue by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad017. [PMID: 36630697 PMCID: PMC9940738 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur amino acid nutrition and metabolism are linked to animal disease. While validated methods for the determination of amino thiol levels in plasma or serum are available, there is a dearth of validated methods for their measurement in tissue. A robust and reproducible ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method has been validated for the simultaneous determination of concentrations of cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly), homocysteine (Hcys), γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GluCys), and glutathione (GSH) in pig tissue. Tissue was homogenized and deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid. Amino thiols in the acid-soluble fraction of the tissue homogenate were reduced with tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine hydrochloride and derivatized with 4-(aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (ABD-F). Amino thiols were resolved under reversed-phase gradient conditions on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) within 4.5 min and detected with fluorescence. The peak area ratio of analyte to 2-mercaptopropionylglycine internal standard, added to external calibration standards and samples, was used to develop linear calibration curves. Linear calibrations were performed over the range of 15-1,500 nmol/g for Cys, CysGly, Hcys, and γ-GluCys and 150-15,000 nmol/g for GSH. Linearity, lower limit of detection, lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, sample stability, and carryover were evaluated. We demonstrate excellent linearity for all analytes within their respective concentration range (r2 > 0.99) and excellent recovery of amino thiols from spiked samples (mean ± SD across tissues; Cys, 100.0 ± 2.2%; CysGly, 95.4 ± 5.1%; Hcys, 96.6 ± 2.0%; γ-GluCys, 102.2 ± 2.7%; and GSH, 100.6 ± 3.3%). The intra-day and inter-day precisions did not exceed 5% and 10%, respectively. Repeated freezing and thawing of tissue homogenate did not affect measured amino thiol concentrations, ABD-labeled amino thiols were stable for 1 wk after derivatization, and there was no sample carryover across consecutive injections. We confirm the identity of each ABD-labeled amino thiol with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Finally, we apply the method to the determination of amino thiol concentrations in liver and jejunum tissues in newly weaned pigs and show that despite elevated Cys and maintained GSH concentrations in liver, both γ-GluCys and GSH decline in jejunum of weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rudar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Alexandra Gachman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Melissa Boersma
- Director, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Koo B, Choi J, Holanda DM, Yang C, Nyachoti CM. Comparative effects of dietary methionine and cysteine supplementation on redox status and intestinal integrity in immunologically challenged-weaned pigs. Amino Acids 2023; 55:139-152. [PMID: 36371728 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine play critical roles in immune system and redox status. A body of evidence shows that metabolic aspects of supplemented Met and Cys may differ in the body. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Met and Cys supplementation in immunologically challenged weaned pigs. Forty weaned piglets (6.5 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups. The treatment included: (1) sham-challenged control (SCC), (2) challenged control (CC), (3) MET (CC + 0.1% DL-Met), (4) CYS (CC + 0.1% L-Cys), and (5) MET + CYS (CC + 0.1% DL-Met + 0.1% L-Cys). On day 7, all pigs were intramuscularly injected with either Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or phosphate-buffered saline. Blood, liver, and jejunum samples were analyzed for immune response and redox status. The CC group had lower (P < 0.05) villus surface area and higher (P < 0.05) flux of 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) than the SCC group. A lower (P < 0.05) glutathione (GSH) concentration was observed in the jejunum of pigs in the CC group than those in the SCC group. Dietary Cys supplementation increased (P < 0.05) villus surface area, GSH levels, and reduced (P < 0.05) the flux of FD4 in the jejunum of LPS-challenged pigs. Dietary Met supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) hepatic GSH content. Pigs challenged with LPS in the MET group had lower serum IL-8 concentration than those in the CC group. There was a Met × Cys interaction (P < 0.05) in serum IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity. Dietary L-Cys supplementation restored intestinal integrity and GSH levels that were damaged by lipopolysaccharides administration. Dietary DL-Met supplementation improved hepatic GSH and reduced systemic inflammatory response, but antagonistic interaction with dietary L-Cys supplementation was observed in the inflammatory response and redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonjin Koo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Aleuy OA, Gassó D, Tvarijonaviciute A, Risco D, Garcia W, Gonçalves P, Fernández-Llario P, Mentaberre G, Velarde R, Serrano E, Cuenca R. Tissue-specific assessment of oxidative status: Wild boar as a case study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1089922. [PMID: 36950542 PMCID: PMC10025543 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1089922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a fast-growing interest in using biomarkers of oxidative stress (BOS) in conservation programs of many vertebrate species. Biomarkers of oxidative stress can be measured in different biological samples (e.g., body fluids and tissues). However, since comparisons of the same battery of BOS among tissues of the same individual are scarce in the literature, the chosen target tissues regularly rely on arbitrary decisions. Our research aimed to determine if the oxidative status of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) naturally infected with Mycobacterium spp (etiological agent of tuberculosis, TB), varies depending on the sample where it was quantified. We compared antioxidant p-nitrophenyl esterase activity (EA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) concentrations, and total oxidative status (TOS) in serum, lung, spleen, kidney, and muscle of 63 wild boar hunter-harvested in central Spain. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in serum had higher concentrations than in other tissues. The poor agreement between serum and other tissues highlights the importance of running complete BOS assessments in the same fluid or tissue. Further, low concentrations of BOS in tissues of TB-affected individuals were observed, and significant differences between healthy and sick boar were only detected in the serum of individuals developing mild TB and in the muscle of individuals with mild or severe disease status. However, all organs from wild boars affected with mild TB were not in oxidative imbalance compared to healthy control animals, suggesting that wild boars may cope well with TB. Our data indicate that serum and other tissues can be used as BOS in field conservation programs to monitor wildlife population health. Still, context-specific validations are needed to determine the most appropriate samples to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Alejandro Aleuy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Diana Gassó
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Risco
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.L., Cáceres, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculta de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Waldo Garcia
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.L., Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonçalves
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.L., Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Health and Ecology Group (WE&H), Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Health and Ecology Group (WE&H), Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Serrano
| | - Rafaela Cuenca
- Wildlife Health and Ecology Group (WE&H), Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinaria (SHCV) – Veterinary Clinical Hematology Service, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Jaschke M, Plenge M, Kunkel M, Lehrich T, Schmidt J, Stöckemann K, Heinemann D, Siroky S, Ngezahayo A, Polarz S. Surfactant Semiconductors as Trojan Horses in Cell-Membranes for On-Demand and Spatial Regulation of Oxidative Stress. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202290. [PMID: 36564363 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a cause for numerous diseases and aging processes. Thus, researchers are keen to tune the level of intracellular stress and to learn from that. An unusual approach is presented here. The methodology involves multifunctional surfactants. Although their molecular design is nonbiological-a fullerenol head group attached covalently to pi-conjugated dyes-the surfactants possess superior biocompatibility. Using an intrinsic fluorescence signal as a probe, it is shown that the amphiphiles become incorporated into the Caco-2 cells. There, they are able to exhibit additional functions. The compound reduces cellular stress in dark reaction pathways. The antagonistic property is activated under irradiation, the photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cell damage. The feature is activated even by near-infrared light (NIR-light) via a two-photon process. The properties as molecular semiconductors lead to a trojan horse situation and allows the programming of the spatial distribution of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Jaschke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Masina Plenge
- Institute for Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Kunkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tina Lehrich
- Institute for Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Schmidt
- Institute for Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kilian Stöckemann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems and the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dag Heinemann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems and the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Siroky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Institute for Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Polarz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Investigation of the Therapeutic Effect of Total Alkaloids of Corydalis saxicola Bunting on CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis and Network Pharmacology. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010009. [PMID: 36676934 PMCID: PMC9866371 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological result of liver injury that usually leads to a pathophysiological wound healing response. The total alkaloids of Corydalis saxicola Bunting (TACS) have been used for hepatoprotective effects on the liver. However, its exact therapeutic mechanisms of liver fibrosis are not yet well understood. To explore the potential anti-fibrosis mechanism of TACS, metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology were applied to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analyses were performed to estimate changes in metabolic profiles. As a result, a total of 23 metabolites in rats with liver fibrosis were altered; of these, 11 had been downregulated and 12 had been upregulated compared with the control group. After TACS treatment, the levels of 13 metabolites were significantly restored compared with the CCl4-treated group, of which 4 metabolites were up-regulated and 9 metabolites were down-regulated. Many of these metabolites are involved in the bile acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and purine metabolism. Then, three key targets, including cytochrome P450 family1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1), ornithine decarboxylase 1 (OCD1) and monoamine oxidase Type B (MAOB) were predicted as potential therapeutic targets of TACS against liver fibrosis through network pharmacology analysis. Finally, palmatine, tetrahydropalmatine and dehydrocavidine were screened as potential active compounds responsible for the anti-fibrosis effect of TACS by molecular docking analysis. This study reveals that TACS exerted anti-fibrosis effects by regulating the liver metabolic pathway with multiple components and multiple targets, which is helpful to further clarify the hepatoprotective mechanisms of natural plant extracts.
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Ji Y, Yang Y, Sun S, Dai Z, Ren F, Wu Z. Insights into diet-associated oxidative pathomechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease and protective effects of functional amino acids. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:95-113. [PMID: 35703919 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial rise in the incidence and prevalence of clinical patients presenting with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Accumulating evidence has corroborated the view that dietary factors (particularly diets with high levels of saturated fat or sugar) are involved in the development and progression of IBD, which is predominately associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Notably, the ecological imbalance of the gut microbiome exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, leading to perturbations of the intestinal redox balance and immunity, as well as mucosal integrity. Recent findings have revealed that functional amino acids, including L-glutamine, glycine, L-arginine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, and hydroxyproline, are effectively implicated in the maintenance of intestinal redox and immune homeostasis. These amino acids and their metabolites have oxygen free-radical scavenging and inflammation-relieving properties, and they participate in modulation of the microbial community and the metabolites in the gut. The principal focus of this article is a review of recent advances in the oxidative pathomechanisms of IBD development and progression in relation to dietary factors, with a particular emphasis on the redox and signal transduction mechanisms of host cells in response to unbalanced diets and enterobacteria. In addition, an update on current understanding of the protective effects of functional amino acids against IBD, together with the underlying mechanisms for this protection, have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,are with the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaChina
| | - Fazheng Ren
- are with the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,are with the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Jiang X, Cai L, Zhang Y, Ding H, Yin J, Li X. Effects of daidzein on antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs and IPEC-J2 cells. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:48-59. [PMID: 36091258 PMCID: PMC9428850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study found that soybean isoflavones in soybean meal play an important role in improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity in pigs. However, it is still unknown whether long-term supplementation with daidzein, an active molecule deglycosylated from daidzin, in a corn–soybean meal diet can enhance growth performance in pigs. Thus, in the present study, an animal trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with daidzein on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of pigs. A total of 80 weaned piglets (40 barrows and 40 females) were assigned to 4 treatments with 5 pens per treatment and 4 piglets per pen and fed a diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daidzein for a 72-day trial. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were used as an in vitro model to explore the underlying antioxidant mechanisms of daidzein. IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 0.6 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence or absence of 40 μM daidzein. The results showed that adding 50 mg/kg of daidzein to the diet significantly improved body weight on day 72, average daily gain (ADG) during days 0 to 72 and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on day 42 (P < 0.05). Treatment with 0.6 mM H2O2 for 1 h significantly decreased cell viability and catalase (CAT) activity and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05), while pretreatment with 40 μM daidzein prevented the decrease in cell viability and CAT activity and the increase in intracellular ROS levels and MDA content caused by H2O2 (P < 0.05). In addition, H2O2 stimulation significantly suppressed the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), CAT, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), while pretreatment with daidzein preserved the expression of Nrf2, CAT and occludin in H2O2-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that long-term dietary supplementation with 50 mg/kg daidzein improved growth performance in pigs and was beneficial to the antioxidant capacity of pigs. Daidzein exerted protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells and the underlying mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Loskutov SI, Proshin SN, Ryabukhin DS. Evolutionary aspects of gastrointestinal tract microbiome-host interaction underlying gastrointestinal barrier integrity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-eao-1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the host sustenance and homeostasis, the microbiome is a key component in the functional system. Throughout ontogenetic development, microbiome including that of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the vital factor that ensures not only host functioning, but also its interaction with environment. To uncover the mechanisms underlying GIT microbiome showing a decisive influence on host organism, a systematic approach is needed, because diverse microorganisms are predominantly localized in different parts of the GIT. Recently, a new interdisciplinary direction of science, nanobioinformatics that has been extensively developed considers gene networks as the major object of study representing a coordinated group of genes that functionally account for formation and phenotypic disclosure of various host traits. Here, an important place should be provided to the genetically determined level of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome, its interaction at the level of the host food systems. There have been increasing evidence indicating that the microbiome is directly involved in the pathogenesis of host diseases showing a multi-layered interaction with host metabolic and immune systems. At the same time, the microbial community is unevenly distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and its different portions are variously active while interacting with the host immune system. The architecture of interaction between the microbiome and host cells is extremely complex, and the interaction of individual cells, at the same time, varies greatly. Bacteria colonizing the crypts of the small intestine regulate enterocyte proliferation by affecting DNA replication and gene expression, while bacteria at the tip of the intestinal villi mediate gene expression responsible for metabolism and immune response. Enterocytes and Paneth cells, in turn, regulate the vital activity of the community of microorganisms through the production of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) and antibacterial factors on their surface. Thus, the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier (GIB) is maintained, which protects the body from infections and inflammation, while violation of its integrity leads to a number of diseases. It has been shown that depending on the dominance of certain types of bacteria the microbiome can maintain or disrupt GIB integrity. The structural and functional GIB integrity is important for body homeostasis. To date, at least 50 proteins have been characterized as being involved in the structural and functional integrability of tight junctions between gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells. The current review comprehensively discusses such issues and presents original research carried out at various facilities of translational biomedicine.
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Xu X, Wei Y, Hua H, Zhu H, Xiao K, Zhao J, Liu Y. Glycine Alleviated Intestinal Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis in Piglets Challenged with Diquat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223071. [PMID: 36428298 PMCID: PMC9687050 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of glycine on intestinal injury caused by oxidative stress in piglets. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment with diets (basic diet vs. 1% glycine diet) and oxidative stress (saline vs. diquat) was conducted on 32 weanling piglets. On day 21, all piglets received an injection of either saline or diquat. After 7 days, all pigs were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. Dietary glycine supplementation improved intestinal mucosal morphology, increased the activities of disaccharidases and enhanced intestinal mucosal antioxidant capacity, while regulating the expression of ferroptosis mediators in the piglets under oxidative stress. These findings suggested that dietary glycine supplementation improved the morphology and function of the intestinal mucosa, which was involved in regulating antioxidant capacity and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongwei Hua
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-83956175
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Formulating Diets for Improved Health Status of Pigs: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202877. [DOI: 10.3390/ani12202877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of nutrition has been evolving to support both performance and immune status of pigs, particularly in disease-challenged animals which experience repartitioning of nutrients from growth towards the immune response. In this sense, it is critical to understand how stress may impact nutrient metabolism and the effects of nutritional interventions able to modulate organ (e.g., gastrointestinal tract) functionality and health. This will be pivotal in the development of effective diet formulation strategies in the context of improved animal performance and health. Therefore, this review will address qualitative and quantitative effects of immune system stimulation on voluntary feed intake and growth performance measurements in pigs. Due to the known repartitioning of nutrients, the effects of stimulating the immune system on nutrient requirements, stratified according to different challenge models, will be explored. Finally, different nutritional strategies (i.e., low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets; functional amino acid supplementation; dietary fiber level and source; diet complexity; organic acids; plant secondary metabolites) will be presented and discussed in the context of their possible role in enhancing the immune response and animal performance.
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Wan J, Zhang L, Ruan Z. Dietary Supplementation with Epicatechin Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:3301. [PMCID: PMC9601572 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicatechin (EPI) is a dietary flavonoid that is present in many foods and possesses various bioactivities. We assessed the effects of EPI supplementation on intestinal barrier integrity in mice. Thirty-six mice were assigned to three groups and fed a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with 50 or 100 mg EPI/kg (n = 12 per group). After 21 days of rearing, blood and intestinal samples were collected from eight randomly selected mice. Supplementation with 50 and 100 mg/kg EPI decreased (p < 0.05) the serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid concentration and increased (p < 0.05) the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal abundance of tight junction proteins, such as occludin. Moreover, it lowered (p < 0.05) the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal tumor necrosis factor-α contents and enhanced (p < 0.05) the duodenal and jejunal catalase activities and ileal superoxide dismutase activity. Supplementation with a lower dose (50 mg/kg) decreased (p < 0.05) the ileal interleukin-1β content, whereas supplementation with a higher dose (100 mg/kg) increased (p < 0.05) the duodenal and jejunal glutathione peroxidase activities. Furthermore, supplementation with 50 and 100 mg/kg EPI decreased (p < 0.05) cell apoptosis, cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3), and cleaved caspase-9 contents in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In conclusion, EPI could improve intestinal barrier integrity in mice, thereby suppressing intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress and reducing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(13)-970954027
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Grape seed procyanidins improve intestinal health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abd El-Ghany WA. A perspective review on the effect of different forms of zinc on poultry production of poultry with special reference to the hazardous effects of misuse. CABI REVIEWS 2022; 2022. [DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractZinc (Zn) is a unique micro-mineral because it is an essential component in many enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as being important for regulation of proteins and lipids metabolism, and sex hormones. This mineral is applied in poultry production in three forms; inorganic, organic, and nanoparticle form. The nano-form of Zn is preferable in application to other conventional forms with regard to absorption, bioavailability, and efficacy. Broilers fed on diets supplemented with Zn showed improvement of growth performance, carcass meat yield, and meat quality. In addition, Zn plays an important role in enhancing of both cellular and humeral immune responses, beside its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In laying hens, dietary addition of Zn improves the eggshell quality and the quantity of eggs. Moreover, Zn has a vital role in breeders in terms of improving the egg production, fertility, hatchability, embryonic development, and availability of the hatched chicks. Therefore, this review article is focused on the effects of using Zn on the performance and immunity of poultry, as well as its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with special reference to the hazardous effects of the misusing of this mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
- Address: Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Chang HM, Loh TC, Foo HL, Lim ETC. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Postbiotics: Alternative of Antibiotic Growth Promoter to Ameliorate Gut Health in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883324. [PMID: 35859810 PMCID: PMC9289564 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The postbiotic produced from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been revealed as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). It helps to stimulate growth performance, improve nutrient digestibility, intestinal histomorphology, immune response, and improve meat quality in livestock. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of L. plantarum postbiotic produced by formulated media on the gut health and immune response. Therefore, this study was conducted by using three strains of dietary L. plantarum postbiotics to determine the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal mucin production, and immune status in broiler chickens. A 245 male Cobb 500-day-old birds were assigned randomly to five treatments, namely, NC: basal diet only (negative control), OTC: basal diet + 0.01% (w/w) oxytetracycline (positive control), RG11: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RG11, RI11: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RI11, and RS5: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RS5. The body weight and feed intake were taken weekly. The small intestine and its mucus, ceca digesta were collected on days 21 and 42. Fresh excreta for crude mucin production were collected 3 days before slaughter on day 42. From the findings, RS5 recorded a significant highest (p < 0.05) final body weight, body weight gain, and significant lowest (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. The concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), acidic mucin, sulfated mucin, and intestinal trefoil factor were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the birds fed with RI11 and RS5. Postbiotics RI11 and RS5 had up-regulated expression of intestinal Mucin 2, occludin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. The antibiotic-fed chickens also showed a reduced (p < 0.05) total bacteria and Bifidobacterium population but a significantly increased (p < 0.05) the population of Escherichia coli in the jejunum. In conclusion, the supplementation of L. plantarum postbiotic can be used to substitute AGP as it promoted growth performance, mucin production, ameliorated tight junction permeability, and immune status in broiler chickens due to improved gut health and beneficial bacteria colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Teck Chwen Loh
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Hooi Ling Foo
| | - Eric Teik Chung Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Reis B, Ramos-Pinto L, Cunha SA, Pintado M, da Silva JL, Dias J, Conceição L, Matos E, Costas B. Chlorella vulgaris Extracts as Modulators of the Health Status and the Inflammatory Response of Gilthead Seabream Juveniles (Sparus aurata). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070407. [PMID: 35877700 PMCID: PMC9323325 DOI: 10.3390/md20070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term supplementation, with 2% Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) biomass and two 0.1% C. vulgaris extracts, on the health status (experiment one) and on the inflammatory response (experiment two) of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The trial comprised four isoproteic (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude fat) diets. A fishmeal-based (FM), practical diet was used as a control (CTR), whereas three experimental diets based on CTR were further supplemented with a 2% inclusion of C. vulgaris biomass (Diet D1); 0.1% inclusion of C. vulgaris peptide-enriched extract (Diet D2) and finally a 0.1% inclusion of C. vulgaris insoluble fraction (Diet D3). Diets were randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 97 fish/tank (IBW: 33.4 ± 4.1 g), fed to satiation three times a day in a recirculation seawater system. In experiment one, seabream juveniles were fed for 2 weeks and sampled for tissues at 1 week and at the end of the feeding period. Afterwards, randomly selected fish from each group were subjected to an inflammatory insult (experiment two) by intraperitoneal injection of inactivated gram-negative bacteria, following 24 and 48 h fish were sampled for tissues. Blood was withdrawn for haematological procedures, whereas plasma and gut tissue were sampled for immune and oxidative stress parameters. The anterior gut was also collected for gene expression measurements. After 1 and 2 weeks of feeding, fish fed D2 showed higher circulating neutrophils than seabream fed CTR. In contrast, dietary treatments induced mild effects on the innate immune and antioxidant functions of gilthead seabream juveniles fed for 2 weeks. In the inflammatory response following the inflammatory insult, mild effects could be attributed to C. vulgaris supplementation either in biomass form or extract. However, the C. vulgaris soluble peptide-enriched extract seems to confer a protective, anti-stress effect in the gut at the molecular level, which should be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reis
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.C.)
- Sorgal S.A., EN 109-Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 São João de Ovar, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (B.C.); Tel.: +351-223-401-840 (B.R.); +351-223-401-838 (B.C.)
| | - Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Sara A. Cunha
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Joana Laranjeira da Silva
- Allmicroalgae, Natural Products SA, Industrial Microalgae Production, Apartado 9, 2449-909 Pataias, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Dias
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Luís Conceição
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Elisabete Matos
- Sorgal S.A., EN 109-Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 São João de Ovar, Portugal
- B2E Associação para a Bioeconomia Azul—Laboratório Colaborativo, Av. Liberdade, UPTEC Mar, 4450-718 Leça da Palmeira, Portugal;
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (B.C.); Tel.: +351-223-401-840 (B.R.); +351-223-401-838 (B.C.)
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Guan T, Wei X, Xu P, Chen K, Zou Y, Chen M, Zhu Z. Comparison of structural and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide extracted from truffles. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2999-3012. [PMID: 35674229 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As the main component of truffles, polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and hypoglycemic activity, and these activities are closely related to its structure. In this study, Tuber Aestivum crude polysaccharide (TACP) and Tuber Melanosporum crude polysaccharide (TMCP) were obtained from Tuber Aestivum and Tuber Melanosporum by using microwave-assisted hot water, and then the Sephadex G-200 column was utilized to further separate and purify Tuber Aestivum polysaccharide (TAP) and Tuber Melanosporum polysaccharide (TMP) from TACP and TMCP. The structural characterization results showed that the molecular weight of TAP was 2.18 × 104 kDa, while TMP was 8.79 × 103 kDa. Although the two polysaccharide components were mainly composed of mannose (Man) and glucose (Glc), the molar ratio of Man and Glc in TAP was 14.76: 12.31, with a molar ratio of 5.43:10.94 in TMP. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of two polysaccharide components was evaluated. TAP and TMP could protect porcine jejunal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells from oxidative damage by H2 O2 , but TAP exhibited stronger antioxidant effects. It was mainly reflected that TAP could increase the secretion level of intracellular antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in IPEC-J2 cells, and had a significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity of cells. The reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde had better scavenging ability at the concentration of 20 µg/ml. The difference between TAP and TMP may be due to the dissimilar structure. Its structure-activity relationship needs further study. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The structure of TAP and TMP were different, and TAP had higher molecular weight. Besides, TAP and TMP can protect IPEC-J2 cells from oxidative stress, providing a theoretical basis for developing potential antioxidant drugs of practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Guan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Pei Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Kebao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Ji Y, He Y, Yang Y, Dai Z, Wu Z. Hydroxyproline alleviates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:7-15. [PMID: 35949986 PMCID: PMC9344311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been confirmed in relation to intestinal mucosa damage and multiple bowel diseases. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an imino acid abundant in sow's milk. Compelling evidence has been gathered showing the potential antioxidative properties of Hyp. However, the role and mechanism of Hyp in porcine intestinal epithelial cells in response to oxidative stress remains unknown. In this study, small intestinal epithelial cell lines of piglets (IPEC-1) were used to evaluate the protective effects of Hyp on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. IPEC-1 pretreated with 0.5 to 5 mmol/L Hyp were exposed to 4-HNE (40 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of Hyp. Thereafter, the cells were subjected to apoptosis detection by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, and Western blot or DNA damage analysis by comet assay, immunofluorescence, and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cell apoptosis and the upregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 induced by 4-HNE (40 μmol/L) were inhibited by 5 mmol/L of Hyp. In addition, 5 mmol/L Hyp attenuated 4-HNE-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, glutathione (GSH) deprivation and DNA damage. The elevation in transcription of GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha) and GADD45b (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 beta), as well as the phosphorylation of H2AX (H2A histone family, member X), p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in cells treated with 4-HNE were alleviated by 5 mmol/L Hyp. Furthermore, Hyp supplementation increased the protein abundance of Krüppel like factor 4 (KLF4) in cells exposed to 4-HNE. Suppression of KLF4 expression by kenpaulone impeded the resistance of Hyp-treated cells to DNA damage and apoptosis induced by 4-HNE. Collectively, our results indicated that Hyp serves to protect against 4-HNE-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in IPEC-1 cells, which is partially pertinent with the enhanced expression of KLF4. Our data provides an updated explanation for the nutritional values of Hyp-containing animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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Yu G, Ji S, Yun Y, Cheng K, Zhang H, Jia P, Wang T, Zhang L. Effects of bamboo leaf extract intervention on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic apoptosis in suckling piglets. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6596190. [PMID: 35641131 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether bamboo leaf extract (BLE) could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and inhibit hepatic apoptosis in suckling piglets. Sixty-four suckling piglets were orally gavaged with vehicle (CON group) or 100, 200, or 300 mg BLE/kg body weight (BL, BM, and BH groups) at 3 days of age for 21 days (n = 8). The results showed that BLE treatment had no effects on the growth performance (P > 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the BM and BH groups decreased (P <0.05) the jejunal and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Supplementation with BLE increased antioxidant enzymes activities and the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and several targeted genes in the jejunum and liver of suckling piglets. The hepatic apoptosis rate was lower (P >0.05) in BLE treatment than in the CON group. Compared with the CON group, the BLE groups showed increased (P <0.05) mRNA levels of B-cell-lymphoma protein 2 (BCL-2), while decreased (P <0.05) BCL-2-associated X (BAX) and cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3) mRNA levels. The results of protein expressions of BCL-2 and caspase-3 were consistent with those of mRNA levels. Altogether, our results indicated that BLE intervention can improve the antioxidant capacity and inhibit hepatic apoptosis in suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuli Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peilu Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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The Intestinal Redox System and Its Significance in Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7255497. [PMID: 35585883 PMCID: PMC9110227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7255497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a significant dose-limiting adverse reaction brought on by the cancer treatment. Multiple studies reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is rapidly produced during the initial stages of chemotherapy, when the drugs elicit direct damage to intestinal mucosal cells, which, in turn, results in necrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS production. However, the mechanism behind the intestinal redox system-based induction of intestinal mucosal injury and necrosis of CIM is still undetermined. In this article, we summarized relevant information regarding the intestinal redox system, including the composition and regulation of redox enzymes, ROS generation, and its regulation in the intestine. We innovatively proposed the intestinal redox “Tai Chi” theory and revealed its significance in the pathogenesis of CIM. We also conducted an extensive review of the English language-based literatures involving oxidative stress (OS) and its involvement in the pathological mechanisms of CIM. From the date of inception till July 31, 2021, 51 related articles were selected. Based on our analysis of these articles, only five chemotherapeutic drugs, namely, MTX, 5-FU, cisplatin, CPT-11, and oxaliplatin were shown to trigger the ROS-based pathological mechanisms of CIM. We also discussed the redox system-mediated modulation of CIM pathogenesis via elaboration of the relationship between chemotherapeutic drugs and the redox system. It is our belief that this overview of the intestinal redox system and its role in CIM pathogenesis will greatly enhance research direction and improve CIM management in the future.
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Amevor FK, Cui Z, Du X, Ning Z, Deng X, Xu D, Shu G, Wu Y, Cao X, Shuo W, Tian Y, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du X, Zhu Q, Han X, Zhao X. Supplementation of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Promotes the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Aged Breeder Hens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860889. [PMID: 35386687 PMCID: PMC8977514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In aged animals, the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are reduced. Dietary intervention is necessary to re-activate GIT functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary combination of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (VE) on the intestinal structure and barrier integrity in aged breeder chickens. A sum of 400 (65-wks-old) Tianfu breeder hens were randomly allotted into four (4) groups with four (4) replicates, and fed with basal diet; basal diet supplemented with 0.4g/kg of Q; basal diet supplemented with 0.2g/kg of VE; and basal diet supplemented with the combination of Q (0.4 g/kg) and VE (0.2 g/kg) for 14 weeks. At the end of the 14th week, serum and gut segments were collected from eight hens per group for analyses. The results showed that Q+VE exerted synergistic effects on intestinal morphology by promoting villi height and crypt depth (P < 0.05), as well as mitigated the intestinal inflammatory damage of the aged hens, but decreased the concentration of serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase; and increased the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and Mucin-2 mRNA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins including occludin, ZO1, and claudin-1 was increased by Q+VE (P < 0.05). Moreover, Q+VE decreased the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10 and IL-4) (P < 0.05). These results were consistent with the mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2. In addition, Q+VE protected the small intestinal tract from oxidative damage by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of SOD1 and GPx-2. However, Q+VE decreased malondialdehyde levels in the intestine compared to the control (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary Q+VE improved intestinal function in aged breeder hens, by protecting the intestinal structure and integrity. Therefore, Q+VE could act as an anti-aging agent to elevate the physiological functions of the small intestine in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zifan Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youhao Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Shuo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Han
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Ding X, Cai C, Jia R, Bai S, Zeng Q, Mao X, Xu S, Zhang K, Wang J. Dietary resveratrol improved production performance, egg quality, and intestinal health of laying hens under oxidative stressRESVERATROL IN LAYING HENS. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101886. [PMID: 35526444 PMCID: PMC9092510 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RV) is associated with protection against oxidative stress to improve health, however the effect of RV in layers under oxidative stress (OS) is limited. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the negative effect of OS and protective effects of RV against OS in laying hens. 40 Lohmann layers (25-wk-old; BW = 1.44±0.10 kg) were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with either RV (0 or 600 mg/kg) or intraperitoneal injection of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) (0 or 800 μmol/kg BW) for 31 days. The results shown that the hens challenged with tBHP presented lower egg-laying rate, feed intake, feed efficiency and higher defective egg rate (P(tBHP)<0.05). The RV were also observed to attenuated egg laying rate and feed intake reduction together with decreased broken egg rate under t-BHP challenge (P(Interaction)≤0.01). The tBHP challenged layer demonstrated lower intestinal morphology (villus height in duodenum and jejunum), lower antioxidant enzymes activities [total superoxidase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)], and glutathione (GSH) levels and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) level] (P(tBHP)<0.05). Dietary RV increased jejunal SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC activities, and reduced MDA concentration (P(RV) ≤0.05). Layers under tBHP challenge up-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and nuclear factor NF-κB (P(tBHP)<0.05) in jejunum. Dietary RV supplementation down-regulated mRNA gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB (P(RV) ≤0.05). Dietary RV up-regulated mRNA expression of jejunal barrier-related proteins (claudin-1, claudin-2, mucin-1, and occludin) and ovarian reproductive hormone receptor [steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and activin a receptor type 1 (ACVR1)] (P(RV) ≤0.05). Overall, the results indicate that tBHP induced oxidative stress to result in reducing production performance, intestinal health and induced ovarian inflammation; whereas dietary RV was able to maintain intestinal health and mitigate the negative impact of tBHP challenge on production performance and ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Wang M, Wu J, Jiao H, Oluwabiyi C, Li H, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Wang X, Lin H. Enterocyte synthesizes and secrets uric acid as antioxidant to protect against oxidative stress via the involvement of Nrf pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:95-108. [PMID: 34954337 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut is an important site to excreting uric acid (UA) in addition to the kidney. The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various potentially harmful substances, triggering intestinal oxidative damage. In the present study, the hypothesis that UA is can be synthesized to function as an antioxidant in the gut is evaluated. The synthesis and secretion of UA by enterocytes were analyzed in the presence of inosine, a precursor of UA, febuxostat (Fx), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XOR), and H2O2. The regulation of Nrf2 pathway on UA secretion and transport were evaluated in the present of agonist (TBHQ) and inhibitor (ML385) of Nrf2. The in vivo result showed that UA and its oxidation product allantoin were presented in gut contents along the gastrointestinal tract and the highest level of UA and allantoin were detected in duodenum and jejunum respectively. The genes in the de novo purine nucleotide synthesis and salvage-catabolism pathways, and UA transporters were expressed in the intestinal tract. In the in vitro cultured enterocytes and everted gut sacs, inosine stimulated UA synthesis and secretion. H2O2 stimulated UA synthesis and secretion and meanwhile induced oxidative damage. UA attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage by Nrf2 pathway. UA secretion and transport were reduced by blocking Nrf2 with ML385, while increased by activating Nrf2 with TBHQ. This study provides new insights into the antioxidant effects if UA on intestinal lumen. The result suggests that activation of Nrf2 pathway is involved in the transportation and secretion of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Cecilia Oluwabiyi
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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50
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Chang Y, Tang H, Zhang Z, Yang T, Wu B, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wu F, Jia G. Zinc Methionine Improves the Growth Performance of Meat Ducks by Enhancing the Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Barrier Function. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:774160. [PMID: 35174244 PMCID: PMC8841862 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.774160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn-Met) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function of meat ducks. Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old male Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates (10 birds each), and fed diets with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 150 mg/kg Zn for 35 d. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with Zn-Met substantially increased the average daily gain (ADG), and reduced the feed to gain ratio (F/G) during 1–35 d (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn-Met markedly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of critical antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were increased by Zn in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 60, 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg of Zn significantly reduced the diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in the serum (P < 0.05). Different levels of Zn can increase the mRNA expression of occluding (OCLN) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with zinc significantly increased the content of mucin2 (MUC2), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunum of meat ducks (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that 150 mg/kg of Zn had a higher relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia in cecal digesta (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Zn-Met improved the growth performance of meat ducks by enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function. This study provides data support for the application of Zn-Met in meat duck breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huangyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Jia ;
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