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Lai HT, Chiang CT, Tseng WK, Chao TC, Su Y. GATA6 enhances the stemness of human colon cancer cells by creating a metabolic symbiosis through upregulating LRH-1 expression. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1327-1347. [PMID: 32037723 PMCID: PMC7266275 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells play critical roles in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse. Since we previously found that GATA6 promotes the stemness in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, we aimed to identify the downstream mediator(s) of the stemness‐stimulating effect of GATA6 herein. LRH‐1 was found as a direct target of GATA6 and its upregulation promoted the stemness in both HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells. Subsequently, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was identified as a direct target of LRH‐1 and its expression level and activity were significantly elevated in the LRH‐1‐overexpressing clones established from the aforementioned two CRC lines. Accordingly, the expression levels of several HIF‐1α targets were also markedly increased, resulting in a stronger glycolysis associated with dramatic elevations of the lactate levels in these cells. Strikingly, higher mitochondrial activities were also found in these clones which might be attributed to the increase of PGC‐1α stimulated by the lactate uptaken through the upregulated MCT‐1. Finally, significant increases in the self‐renewal ability, intracellular radical oxygen species levels and mitochondrial mass were detected in the CD133+/CD44+ subpopulations isolated from CRC cells regardless of their LRH‐1 expression levels. Together, our results suggest a novel metabolic symbiosis between different colorectal cancer stem cell subpopulations critical for maintaining their mutual stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tzu Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Ting Chiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ko Tseng
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Colorectal Surgery Department, Chung-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Simandi Z, Horvath A, Cuaranta-Monroy I, Sauer S, Deleuze JF, Nagy L. RXR heterodimers orchestrate transcriptional control of neurogenesis and cell fate specification. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:51-62. [PMID: 28778663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) are unique and enigmatic members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family with extensive and complex biological functions in cellular differentiation. On the one hand, RXRs through permissive heterodimerization with other NRs are able to integrate multiple lipid signaling pathways and are believed to play a central role to coordinate the development of the central nervous system. On the other hand, RXRs may have heterodimer-independent functions as well. Therefore, a more RXR-centric analysis is warranted to identify its genomic binding sites and regulated gene networks, which are orchestrating the earliest events in neuronal differentiation. Recently developed genome-wide approaches allow systematic analyses of the RXR-driven neural differentiation. Here we applied next generation sequencing-based methodology to track the dynamic redistribution of the RXR cistrome along the path of embryonic stem cell to glutamatergic neuron differentiation. We identified Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) and Liver X Receptor (LXR) as dominant heterodimeric partners of RXR in these cellular stages. Our data presented here characterize the RAR:RXR and LXR:RXR-mediated transcriptional program in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and terminally differentiated neurons. Considering the growing evidence for dysregulated RXR-mediated signaling in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, the data presented here will be also a valuable resource for the field of neuro(patho)biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Simandi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ixchelt Cuaranta-Monroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (BISMB and BIH), Germany
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine, Institute de Biologie Francois Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE "Lendulet" Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Wu D, Cheung A, Wang Y, Yu S, Chan FL. The emerging roles of orphan nuclear receptors in prostate cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1866:23-36. [PMID: 27264242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Orphan nuclear receptors are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and are so named because their endogenous physiological ligands are either unknown or may not exist. Because of their important regulatory roles in many key physiological processes, dysregulation of signalings controlled by these receptors is associated with many diseases including cancer. Over years, studies of orphan NRs have become an area of great interest because their specific physiological and pathological roles have not been well-defined, and some of them are promising drug targets for diseases. The recently identified synthetic small molecule ligands, acting as agonists or antagonists, to these orphan NRs not only help to understand better their functional roles but also highlight that the signalings mediated by these ligand-independent NRs in diseases could be therapeutically intervened. This review is a summary of the recent advances in elucidating the emerging functional roles of orphan NRs in cancers, especially prostate cancer. In particular, some orphan NRs, RORγ, TR2, TR4, COUP-IFII, ERRα, DAX1 and SHP, exhibit crosstalk or interference with androgen receptor (AR) signaling in either normal or malignant prostatic cells, highlighting their involvement in prostate cancer progression as androgen and AR signaling pathway play critical roles in this process. We also propose that a better understanding of the mechanism of actions of these orphan NRs in prostate gland or prostate cancer could help to evaluate their potential value as therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alyson Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Franky L Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Liang Y, Zhao Q, Fan L, Zhang Z, Tan B, Liu Y, Li Y. Down-regulation of MicroRNA-381 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in colon cancer through up-regulation of LRH-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:137-41. [PMID: 26320367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and roles of MicroRNA-381 (miR-381) has been explored in several types of human cancers. However, its biological functions in colon cancer remain largely unknown. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were used to detect the expression of miR-381 in human colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. miR-381 antisense oligos and mimics were introduced into SW480 and HCT116 cells. Bioinformatic prediction analysis was performed to identify the potential targets of miR-381. Protein expression analysis, luciferase assays and rescue assays were used to confirm the substrate of miR-381. We found that miR-381 was significantly down-regulated in human colon cancer tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues. Introduction of miR-381 antisense oligos into SW480 and HCT116 cells promoted cell proliferation and invasion. Besides, inhibition of miR-381 could also support tumor growth in the nude mice. Additionally, bioinformatic prediction suggested that the nuclear receptor liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) is a target gene of miR-381. Thus, our data suggested that down-regulation of miR-381 plays an important role in the colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Liqiao Fan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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Calzà L, Fernández M, Giardino L. Role of the Thyroid System in Myelination and Neural Connectivity. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1405-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zhu J, Yang DR, Sun Y, Qiu X, Chang HC, Li G, Shan Y, Chang C. TR4 Nuclear Receptor Alters the Prostate Cancer CD133+ Stem/Progenitor Cell Invasion via Modulating the EZH2-Related Metastasis Gene Expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1445-53. [PMID: 25833838 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that mediates various biologic functions with key impacts on metabolic disorders and tumor progression. Here, we demonstrate that TR4 may play a positive role in prostate cancer CD133(+) stem/progenitor (S/P) cell invasion. Targeting TR4 with lentiviral silencing RNA significantly suppressed prostate cancer CD133(+) S/P cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism dissection found that TR4 transcriptionally regulates the oncogene EZH2 via binding to its 5' promoter region. The consequences of targeting TR4 to suppress EZH2 expression may then suppress the expression of its downstream key metastasis-related genes, including NOTCH1, TGFβ1, SLUG, and MMP9. Rescue approaches via adding the EZH2 reversed the TR4-mediated prostate cancer S/P cell invasion. Together, these results suggest that the TR4→EZH2 signaling may play a critical role in the prostate cancer S/P cell invasion and may allow us to develop a better therapy to battle the prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. Department of Urology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gonghui Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Cuaranta-Monroy I, Simandi Z, Kolostyak Z, Doan-Xuan QM, Poliska S, Horvath A, Nagy G, Bacso Z, Nagy L. Highly efficient differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes by ascorbic acid. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:88-97. [PMID: 24858493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation and function have become the major research targets due to the increasing interest in obesity and related metabolic conditions. Although, late stages of adipogenesis have been extensively studied, the early phases remain poorly understood. Here we present that supplementing ascorbic acid (AsA) to the adipogenic differentiation cocktail enables the robust and efficient differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to mature adipocytes. Such ESC-derived adipocytes mimic the gene-expression profile of subcutaneous isolated adipocytes in vivo remarkably well, much closer than 3T3-L1 derived ones. Moreover, the differentiated cells are in a monolayer, allowing a broad range of genome-wide studies in early and late stages of adipocyte differentiation to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchelt Cuaranta-Monroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Simandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolostyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Quang-Minh Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary; MTA-DE "Lendulet" Immunogenomics Research Group, Hungary.
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