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Li Z, Wang D, Li J, Liu H, Nie L, Li C. Bone Regeneration Facilitated by Autologous Bioscaffold Material: Liquid Phase of Concentrated Growth Factor with Dental Follicle Stem Cell Loading. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3173-3187. [PMID: 38605468 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The application of bioengineering techniques for achieving bone regeneration in the oral environment is an increasingly prominent field. However, the clinical use of synthetic materials carries certain risks. The liquid phase of concentrated growth factor (LPCGF), as a biologically derived material, exhibits superior biocompatibility. In this study, LPCGF was employed as a tissue engineering scaffold, hosting dental follicle cells (DFCs) to facilitate bone regeneration. Both in vivo and in vitro experimental results demonstrate that this platform significantly enhances the expression of osteogenic markers in DFCs, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and type I collagen (Col1a1). Simultaneously, it reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), thereby alleviating the negative impact of the inflammatory microenvironment on DFCs. Further investigation into potential mechanisms reveals that this process is regulated over time by the WNT pathway. Our research results demonstrate that LPCGF, with its favorable physical characteristics, holds great potential as a scaffold. It can effectively carry DFCs, thereby providing an optimal initial environment for bone regeneration. Furthermore, LPCGF endeavors to closely mimic the mechanisms of bone healing post-trauma to facilitate bone formation. This offers new perspectives and insights into bone regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Di Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Li Nie
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Conghua Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
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Sgheiza V. Sex and ancestry patterning of residual correlations in human dental development: Cooperative genetic interaction and phenotypic plasticity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24908. [PMID: 38329212 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most research in human dental age estimation has focused on point estimates of age, and most research on dental development theories has focused on morphology or eruption. Correlations between developing teeth using ordinal staging have received less attention. The effect of demographic variables on these correlations is unknown. I tested the effect of reference sample demographic variables on the residual correlation matrix using the lens of cooperative genetic interaction (CGI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of Moorrees et al., Journal of Dental Research, 1963, 42, 1490-1502, scores of left mandibular permanent teeth from panoramic radiographs of 880 London children 3-22.99 years of age stratified by year of age, sex, and Bangladeshi or European ancestry. A multivariate cumulative probit model was fit to each sex/ancestry group (n = 220), each sex or ancestry (n = 440), and all individuals (n = 880). Residual correlation matrices from nine reference sample configurations were compared using Bartlett's tests of between-sample difference matrices against the identity matrix, hierarchical cluster analysis, and dendrogram cophenetic correlations. RESULTS Bartlett's test results were inconclusive. Cluster analysis showed clustering by tooth class, position within class, and developmental timing. Clustering patterns and dendrogram correlations showed similarity by sex but not ancestry. DISCUSSION Expectations of CGI were supported for developmental staging. This supports using CGI as a model for explaining patterns of variation within the dentition. Sex was found to produce consistent patterns of dental correlations, whereas ancestry did not. Clustering by timing of development supports phenotypic plasticity in the dentition and suggests shared environment over genetic ancestry to explain population differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Sgheiza
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Xu X, Gong X, Zhang L, Zhang H, Sun Y. PRX1-positive mesenchymal stem cells drive molar morphogenesis. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:15. [PMID: 38369512 PMCID: PMC10874978 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian teeth, developing inseparable from epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, come in many shapes and the key factors governing tooth morphology deserve to be answered. By merging single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with lineage tracing models, we have unearthed a captivating correlation between the contrasting morphology of mouse molars and the specific presence of PRX1+ cells within M1. These PRX1+ cells assume a profound responsibility in shaping tooth morphology through a remarkable divergence in dental mesenchymal cell proliferation. Deeper into the mechanisms, we have discovered that Wnt5a, bestowed by mesenchymal PRX1+ cells, stimulates mesenchymal cell proliferation while orchestrating molar morphogenesis through WNT signaling pathway. The loss of Wnt5a exhibits a defect phenotype similar to that of siPrx1. Exogenous addition of WNT5A can successfully reverse the inhibited cell proliferation and consequent deviant appearance exhibited in Prx1-deficient tooth germs. These findings bestow compelling evidence of PRX1-positive mesenchymal cells to be potential target in regulating tooth morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Xu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Semjid D, Ahn H, Bayarmagnai S, Gantumur M, Kim S, Lee JH. Identification of novel candidate genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Mongolian families. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:56. [PMID: 38157055 PMCID: PMC10756872 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis (TA) in nine families from Mongolia using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 41 participants, including three inherited and six non-inherited families. WES analysis was performed on 14 saliva samples from individuals with non-syndromic TA. The potential candidate genes were identified through variant filtering and segregation analysis. The filtered variants were then analyzed in silico mutation impact analysis. RESULTS WES analysis identified 21 variants associated with TA, and 5 of these variants met all filtering criteria. These variants were located in the exome region of MAST4, ITGA6, PITX2, CACNA1S, and CDON genes. The variant in PITX2 was found in eight participants from inherited and non-inherited families, while the MAST4 variant was identified in 6 participants from inherited families. CONCLUSIONS The study identified various genetic variant candidates associated with TA in different family groups, with PITX2 being the most commonly identified. Our findings suggest that MAST4 may also be a novel candidate gene for TA due to its association with the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that five candidate genes related to focal adhesion and calcium channel complex were significant and essential in tooth development. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identifying new pathogenic genes associated with TA can improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, leading to better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Early detection of TA based on biomarkers can improve dental management and facilitate orthodontic and prosthetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejidnorov Semjid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sapaar Bayarmagnai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Chingeltei District, Nuuriin 2-21, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Munkhjargal Gantumur
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Chingeltei District, Nuuriin 2-21, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Lan R, Wu Y, Dai Q, Wang F. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in syndromes with tooth agenesis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2401-2408. [PMID: 36219525 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations in syndromes with tooth agenesis (TA). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed databases were searched for a comprehensive review. Previous publications reported complicated aetiologies of syndromic TA. Gene mutations in conserved signalling pathways (WNT, EDA, SHH, FGF, and TGF-β/BMP) and crucial molecules (PAX9, PIXT2, IRF6, the p53 family, and subunits of RNA polymerase III) are the main causes of syndromic TA. In the process of odontogenesis, antagonistic or synergistic interactions are demonstrated in patients and murine models. Mutations in some genes (WNT10A, WNT10B, AXIN2, ANTXR1, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) can result in both syndromic and isolated TA. In addition, chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for syndromic TA (Down syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Pierre Robin sequence). The causes and manifestations of syndromic TA are highly complex, and this constitutes a clinical challenge. Mutations in signalling pathways and crucial molecules as well as chromosomal anomalies are responsible for syndromic TA. And there are overlaps between the causative genes of syndromic and isolated TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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6
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Xu J, Iyyanar PPR, Lan Y, Jiang R. Sonic hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development. Differentiation 2023; 133:60-76. [PMID: 37481904 PMCID: PMC10529669 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SHH and several other genes encoding components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway have been associated with holoprosencephaly syndromes, with craniofacial anomalies ranging in severity from cyclopia to facial cleft to midfacial and mandibular hypoplasia. Studies in animal models have revealed that SHH signaling plays crucial roles at multiple stages of craniofacial morphogenesis, from cranial neural crest cell survival to growth and patterning of the facial primordia to organogenesis of the palate, mandible, tongue, tooth, and taste bud formation and homeostasis. This article provides a summary of the major findings in studies of the roles of SHH signaling in craniofacial development, with emphasis on recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the SHH signaling pathway activity and those involving SHH signaling in the formation and patterning of craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Paul P R Iyyanar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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7
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Kyomen S, Murillo-Rincón AP, Kaucká M. Evolutionary mechanisms modulating the mammalian skull development. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220080. [PMID: 37183900 PMCID: PMC10184257 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals possess impressive craniofacial variation that mirrors their adaptation to diverse ecological niches, feeding behaviour, physiology and overall lifestyle. The spectrum of craniofacial geometries is established mainly during embryonic development. The formation of the head represents a sequence of events regulated on genomic, molecular, cellular and tissue level, with each step taking place under tight spatio-temporal control. Even minor variations in timing, position or concentration of the molecular drivers and the resulting events can affect the final shape, size and position of the skeletal elements and the geometry of the head. Our knowledge of craniofacial development increased substantially in the last decades, mainly due to research using conventional vertebrate model organisms. However, how developmental differences in head formation arise specifically within mammals remains largely unexplored. This review highlights three evolutionary mechanisms acknowledged to modify ontogenesis: heterochrony, heterotopy and heterometry. We present recent research that links changes in developmental timing, spatial organization or gene expression levels to the acquisition of species-specific skull morphologies. We highlight how these evolutionary modifications occur on the level of the genes, molecules and cellular processes, and alter conserved developmental programmes to generate a broad spectrum of skull shapes characteristic of the class Mammalia. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kyomen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306, Germany
| | - Andrea P Murillo-Rincón
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306, Germany
| | - Markéta Kaucká
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306, Germany
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8
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Genetic/Protein Association of Atopic Dermatitis and Tooth Agenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065754. [PMID: 36982827 PMCID: PMC10055628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis and abnormalities in tooth development (including hypomineralization, hypodontia and microdontia) have been observed to co-occur in some patients. A common pathogenesis pathway that involves genes and protein interactions has been hypothesized. This review aims to first provide a description of the key gene mutations and signaling pathways associated with atopic dermatitis and tooth agenesis (i.e., the absence of teeth due to developmental failure) and identify the possible association between the two diseases. Second, utilizing a list of genes most commonly associated with the two diseases, we conducted a protein–protein network interaction analysis using the STRING database and identified a novel association between the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (major pathway responsible for TA) and desmosomal proteins (component of skin barrier that affect the pathogenesis of AD). Further investigation into the mechanisms that may drive their co-occurrence and underlie the development of the two diseases is warranted.
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9
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Zhang H, Gong X, Xu X, Wang X, Sun Y. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36604408 PMCID: PMC9816303 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Novel Candidate Genes for Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis Identified Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206089. [PMID: 36294409 PMCID: PMC9605476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (ns-TA) is one of the most common dental anomalies characterized by the congenital absence of at least one permanent tooth (excluding third molars). Regarding the essential role of genetic factors in ns-TA aetiology, the present study aimed to identify novel pathogenic variants underlying hypodontia and oligodontia. In a group of 65 ns-TA patients and 127 healthy individuals from the genetically homogenous Polish population, the coding sequences of 423 candidate genes were screened using targeted next-generation sequencing. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 37 (56.92%) patients, including eight nucleotide alternations of genes not previously implicated in ns-TA (CHD7, CREBBP, EVC, LEF1, ROR2, TBX22 and TP63). However, since only single variants were detected, future research is required to confirm and fully understand their role in the aetiology of ns-TA. Additionally, our results support the importance of already known ns-TA candidate genes (AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, IRF6, LAMA3, LRP6, MSX1, PAX9 and WNT10A) and provide additional evidence that ns-TA might be an oligogenic condition involving the cumulative effect of rare variants in two or more distinct genes.
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Yu K, Dou J, Huang W, Wang F, Wu Y. Expanding the genetic spectrum of tooth agenesis using whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2022; 102:503-516. [PMID: 36071541 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth agenesis is a high genetic heterogeneous disorder with more than eighty genes identified as associated molecular causes. The present study aimed to detect the possible pathogenic variants in a cohort of well-characterized probands with a clinical diagnosis of tooth agenesis. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 131 tooth agenesis patients with no previously identified molecular diagnosis. All the potential pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing in patients and their family members. Results Seventy-three patients were genetically diagnosed in 131 unrelated Chinese patients with tooth agenesis, providing a positive molecular diagnostic rate of 55.7%, including 53.8% (49/91) in the non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) group, and 60.0% (24/40) in syndromic tooth agenesis (STA) group. A total of 75 variants from 13 different genes were identified, including 33 novel variants, and WNT10A and EDA are the most common causative genes associated with non-syndromic and syndromic tooth agenesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study further extends the variant spectrum and clinical profiles of tooth agenesis, which has a positive significance for clinical practice, genetic diagnosis, prenatal counseling and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dou
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Rapid Progression of Heterotopic Ossification in Severe Variant of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva with p.Arg258Gly in ACVR1: A Case Report and Review of Clinical Phenotypes. Case Rep Genet 2022; 2022:5021758. [PMID: 36060212 PMCID: PMC9436604 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5021758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by congenital malformation of the great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification. Malformation of the great toes appears at birth, while heterotopic ossification generally occurs during childhood and rarely occurs during infancy. Classical FOP results from the heterozygous p.Arg206His variant of the ACVR1 gene, which encodes Activin A receptor type 1. Recently, some atypical FOP patients with other ACVR1 gene variants and clinical features that are not observed in classical FOP patients have been reported. Herein, we describe a girl with severe FOP and multiple anomalies, including syndactyly of the hands and feet, nail agenesis, mandibular hypoplasia, heterotopic ossification occurring from infancy, and congenital cardiac malformation. In our patient, we identified de novo occurrence of the heterozygous p.Arg258Gly variant of ACVR1, which has previously been reported in only two severe FOP patients. Heterotopic ossification occurred earlier and more frequently compared with classical FOP patients. We present the time-series changes in heterotopic ossification in our patient and compare her clinical features with those of the previously reported patients with p.Arg258Gly. Our report deepens understanding of the clinical features in severe FOP with p.Arg258Gly and of FOP as a systemic disorder.
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13
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Drugs and Endogenous Factors as Protagonists in Neurogenic Stimulation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2852-2871. [PMID: 35962176 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a biological process characterized by new neurons formation from stem cells. For decades, it was believed that neurons only multiplied during development and in the postnatal period but the discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mature brain promoted a revolution in neuroscience field. In mammals, neurogenesis consists of migration, differentiation, maturation, as well as functional integration of newborn cells into the pre-existing neuronal circuit. Actually, NSC density drops significantly after the first stages of development, however in specific places in the brain, called neurogenic niches, some of these cells retain their ability to generate new neurons and glial cells in adulthood. The subgranular (SGZ), and the subventricular zones (SVZ) are examples of regions where the neurogenesis process occurs in the mature brain. There, the potential of NSCs to produce new neurons has been explored by new advanced methodologies and in neuroscience for the treatment of brain damage and/or degeneration. Based on that, this review highlights endogenous factors and drugs capable of stimulating neurogenesis, as well as the perspectives for the use of NSCs for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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14
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Lee JM, Qin C, Chai O, Lan Y, Jiang R, Kwon HJ. MSX1 Drives Tooth Morphogenesis Through Controlling Wnt Signaling Activity. J Dent Res 2022; 101:832-839. [PMID: 35114852 PMCID: PMC9218501 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is a common structural birth defect in humans that results from failure of morphogenesis during early tooth development. The homeobox transcription factor Msx1 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are essential for "bud to cap" morphogenesis and are causal factors for tooth agenesis. Our recent study suggested that Msx1 regulates Wnt signaling during early tooth development by suppressing the expression of Dkk2 and Sfrp2 in the tooth bud mesenchyme, and it demonstrated partial rescue of Msx1-deficient molar teeth by a combination of DKK inhibition and genetic inactivation of SFRPs. In this study, we found that Sostdc1/Wise, another secreted Wnt antagonist, is involved in regulating the odontogenic pathway downstream of Msx1. Whereas Sostdc1 expression in the developing tooth germ was not increased in Msx1-/- embryos, genetic inactivation of Sostdc1 rescued maxillary molar, but not mandibular molar, morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice with full penetrance. Since the Msx1-/-;Sostdc1-/- embryos exhibited ectopic Dkk2 expression in the developing dental mesenchyme, similar to Msx1-/- embryos, we generated and analyzed tooth development in Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/- double and Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/-;Sostdc1-/- triple mutant mice. The Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/- double mutants showed rescued maxillary molar morphogenesis at high penetrance, with a small percentage also exhibiting mandibular molars that transitioned to the cap stage. Furthermore, tooth development was rescued in the maxillary and mandibular molars, with full penetrance, in the Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/-;Sostdc1-/- mice. Together, these data reveal 1) that a key role of Msx1 in driving tooth development through the bud-to-cap transition is to control the expression of Dkk2 and 2) that modulation of Wnt signaling activity by Dkk2 and Sostdc1 plays a crucial role in the Msx1-dependent odontogenic pathway during early tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-M. Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C. Qin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - O.H. Chai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Y. Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R. Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H.-J.E. Kwon
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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15
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Küchler EC, Stroparo JLDO, Matsumoto MN, Scariot R, Perin CP, Roskamp L, Menezes-Oliveira MAHD, Proff P, Kirschneck C, Baratto-Filho F. Assessing the prevalence of S-shaped root canal and associated genes in humans. Ann Anat 2022; 244:151977. [PMID: 35787440 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple signaling molecules have been shown to play crucial roles in dental root development. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of S-shaped roots and also to investigate, if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BMP2, BMP4 and SMAD6 are associated with this phenotype in humans. METHODS This is a cross-sectional phenotype-genotype association study that used radiographs to determine the phenotypes and DNA to investigate SNPs in candidate genes. During the radiographic exam, teeth presenting root canal(s) doubly curved were considered S-shaped roots. SNPs in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563) and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) were blindly genotyped by real-time PCR using TaqMan assay. The relative and absolute frequency of S-shaped roots were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the genotype distributions between control and S-shaped groups. RESULTS Among the 578 subjects, 61 (10.6%) presented at least one tooth with an S-shaped root. The most commonly affected type of tooth was the premolar. rs1005464 in BMP2 was statistically associated with an S-shaped root (p=0.036). rs235768 in BMP2 was associated with an S-shaped root also in mandibular teeth (p=0.017). A statistical significance was observed for the rs3934908 in SMAD6 (p=0.049) for S-shaped root in the mandible. In the analysis stratified according to the type of tooth, rs235768 in BMP2 was associated with S-shaped roots in premolars (p=0.029). CONCLUSION The prevalence of S-shaped roots is 10.6% in permanent teeth. SNPs in BMP2 and SMAD6 could be involved in a higher chance to present S-shaped roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis de Oliveira Stroparo
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila Paiva Perin
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Liliane Roskamp
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg. Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Univille - University from the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department Master's Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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16
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Cesario J, Ha S, Kim J, Kataria N, Jeong J. Candidate positive targets of LHX6 and LHX8 transcription factors in the developing upper jaw. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 43:119227. [PMID: 34861428 PMCID: PMC8930537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development is controlled by a large number of genes, which interact with one another to form a complex gene regulatory network (GRN). Key components of GRN are signaling molecules and transcription factors. Therefore, identifying targets of core transcription factors is an important part of the overall efforts toward building a comprehensive and accurate model of GRN. LHX6 and LHX8 are transcription factors expressed in the oral mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal arch (PA1), and they are crucial regulators of palate and tooth development. Previously, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify target genes of LHX6 and LHX8 in PA1, and described a set of genes repressed by LHX. However, there has not been any discussion of the genes positively regulated by LHX6 and LHX8. In this paper, we revisited the above datasets to identify candidate positive targets of LHX in PA1. Focusing on those with known connections to craniofacial development, we performed RNA in situ hybridization to confirm the changes in expression in Lhx6;Lhx8 mutant. We also confirmed the binding of LHX6 to several putative enhancers near the candidate target genes. Together, we have uncovered novel connections between Lhx and other important regulators of craniofacial development, including Eya1, Barx1, Rspo2, Rspo3, and Wnt11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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17
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Khan SA, Khan S, Muhammad N, Rehman ZU, Khan MA, Nasir A, Kalsoom UE, Khan AK, Khan H, Wasif N. The First Report of a Missense Variant in RFX2 Causing Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family. Front Genet 2022; 12:782653. [PMID: 35145545 PMCID: PMC8822170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.782653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The syndromic and non-syndromic congenital missing teeth phenotype is termed tooth agenesis. Since tooth agenesis is a heterogeneous disorder hence, the patients show diverse absent teeth phenotypes. Thus identifying novel genes involved in the morphogenesis of ectodermal appendages, including teeth, paves the way for establishing signaling pathways.Methods and Results: We have recruited an autosomal recessive non-syndromic tooth agenesis family with two affected members. The exome sequencing technology identified a novel missense sequence variant c.1421T > C; p.(Ile474Thr) in a regulatory factor X (RFX) family member (RFX2, OMIM: 142,765). During the data analysis eight rare variants on various chromosomal locations were identified, but the co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of only two variants RFX2: c.1421T > C; p.(Ile474Thr), DOHH: c.109C > G; p.(Pro37Ala) lying in a common 7.1 MB region of homozygosity on chromosome 19p13.3. Furthermore, the online protein prediction algorithms and protein modeling analysis verified the RFX2 variant as a damaging genetic alteration and ACMG pathogenicity criteria classified it as likely pathogenic. On the other hand, the DOHH variant showed benign outcomes.Conclusion:RFX2 regulates the Hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways, which are involved in the epithelial and mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. Prior animal model studies have confirmed the expression of rfx2 at a developmental stage governing mouth formation. Moreover, its regulatory role and close association with ciliary and non-ciliary genes causing various dental malformations makes it a potential candidate gene for tooth agenesis phenotype. Further studies will contribute to exploring the direct role of RFX2 in human tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saadullah Khan, ; Naveed Wasif,
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khan
- Dental Material, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Umm-e- Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Kamal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Wasif
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Saadullah Khan, ; Naveed Wasif,
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18
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Seppala M, Thivichon-Prince B, Xavier GM, Shaffie N, Sangani I, Birjandi AA, Rooney J, Lau JNS, Dhaliwal R, Rossi O, Riaz MA, Stonehouse-Smith D, Wang Y, Papageorgiou SN, Viriot L, Cobourne MT. Gas1 Regulates Patterning of the Murine and Human Dentitions through Sonic Hedgehog. J Dent Res 2021; 101:473-482. [PMID: 34796774 PMCID: PMC8935464 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211049403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian dentition is a serially homogeneous structure that exhibits wide numerical and morphological variation among multiple different species. Patterning of the dentition is achieved through complex reiterative molecular signaling interactions that occur throughout the process of odontogenesis. The secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a key role in this process, and the Shh coreceptor growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) is expressed in odontogenic mesenchyme and epithelium during multiple stages of tooth development. We show that mice engineered with Gas1 loss-of-function mutation have variation in number, morphology, and size of teeth within their molar dentition. Specifically, supernumerary teeth with variable morphology are present mesial to the first molar with high penetrance, while molar teeth are characterized by the presence of both additional and absent cusps, combined with reduced dimensions and exacerbated by the presence of a supernumerary tooth. We demonstrate that the supernumerary tooth in Gas1 mutant mice arises through proliferation and survival of vestigial tooth germs and that Gas1 function in cranial neural crest cells is essential for the regulation of tooth number, acting to restrict Wnt and downstream FGF signaling in odontogenic epithelium through facilitation of Shh signal transduction. Moreover, regulation of tooth number is independent of the additional Hedgehog coreceptors Cdon and Boc, which are also expressed in multiple regions of the developing tooth germ. Interestingly, further reduction of Hedgehog pathway activity in Shhtm6Amc hypomorphic mice leads to fusion of the molar field and reduced prevalence of supernumerary teeth in a Gas1 mutant background. Finally, we demonstrate defective coronal morphology and reduced coronal dimensions in the molar dentition of human subjects identified with pathogenic mutations in GAS1 and SHH/GAS1, suggesting that regulation of Hedgehog signaling through GAS1 is also essential for normal patterning of the human dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Thivichon-Prince
- Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305/Université de Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G M Xavier
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Shaffie
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Sangani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A A Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Rooney
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J N S Lau
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Dhaliwal
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - O Rossi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M A Riaz
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Stonehouse-Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Y Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Viriot
- Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305/Université de Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - M T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Bermúdez de Castro JM, Modesto‐Mata M, García‐Campos C, Sarmiento S, Martín‐Francés L, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martinón‐Torres M. Testing the inhibitory cascade model in a recent human sample. J Anat 2021; 239:1170-1181. [PMID: 34227109 PMCID: PMC8546523 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Inhibitory Cascade Model was proposed by Kavanagh and colleagues (Nature, 449, 427-433 [2007]) after their experimental studies on the dental development of murine rodent species. These authors described an activator-inhibitor mechanism that has been employed to predict evolutionary size patterns of mammalian teeth, including hominins. In the present study, we measured the crown area of the three lower permanent molars (M1, M2, and M3) of a large recent modern human sample of male and female individuals from a collection preserved at the Institute of Anthropology of the University of Coimbra (Portugal). The main aim of the present study is to test if the size molar patterns observed in this human sample fits the Inhibitory Cascade Model. For this purpose, we first measured the crown area in those individuals preserving the complete molar series. Measurements were taken in photographs, using a planimeter and following well-tested techniques used in previous works. We then plot the M3 /M1 and M2 /M1 size ratios. Our results show that the premise of the Inhibitory Cascade Model, according to which the average of the crown area of M2 is approximately one-third of the sum of the crown area of the three molars, is fulfilled. However, our results also show that the individual values of a significant number of males and females are out of the 95% confidence interval predicted by the Inhibitory Cascade Model in rodents. As a result, the present analyses suggest that neither the sample of males, nor that of females, nor the pooled sample fits the Inhibitory Cascade Model. It is important to notice that, although this model has been successfully tested in a large number of current human populations, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study in which individual data have been obtained in a recent human population rather than using the average of the sample. Our results evince that, at the individual level, some factors not yet known could interfere with this model masking the modulation of the size on the molar series in modern humans. We suggest that the considerable delay in the onset of M3 formation in modern humans could be related to a weakening of the possible activation/inhibition process for this tooth. Finally, and in support of our conclusions, we have checked that the absolute and relative size of M1 and M2 is not related to the M3 agenesis in our sample. In line with other studies in primates, our results do not support the Inhibitory Cascade Model in a recent human sample. Further research is needed to better understand the genetic basis of this mechanism and its relationship to the phenotype. In this way, we may be able to find out which evolutionary changes may be responsible for the deviations observed in many species, including Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Bermúdez de Castro
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution)BurgosSpain
- Anthropology DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mario Modesto‐Mata
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de ExtremaduraCasa de la Cultura Rodríguez MoñinoCáceresSpain
| | - Cecilia García‐Campos
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution)BurgosSpain
- Fundación AtapuercaIbeas de JuarrosBurgosSpain
| | | | - Laura Martín‐Francés
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution)BurgosSpain
- Anthropology DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Fundación AtapuercaIbeas de JuarrosBurgosSpain
| | | | - María Martinón‐Torres
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution)BurgosSpain
- Anthropology DepartmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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20
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Mao C, Lai Y, Liao C, Chen J, Hong Y, Ren C, Wang C, Lu M, Chen W. Revitalizing mouse diphyodontic dentition formation by inhibiting the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:759-776. [PMID: 34719835 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth regeneration depends on the longevity of the dental epithelial lamina. However, the exact mechanism of dental lamina regression has not yet been clarified. To explore the role of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in regression process of the rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) in mice, we orally administered a single dose of a Shh signaling pathway inhibitor to pregnant mice between embryonic day 13.0 (E13.0) and E17.0. RESULTS We observed that the Shh signaling pathway inhibitor effectively inhibited the expression of Shh signaling pathway components and revitalized RSDL during E15.0-E17.0 by promoting cell proliferation. In addition, mRNA-seq, reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that diphyodontic dentition formation might be related to FGF signal up-regulation and the Sostdc1-Wnt negative feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicated that the Shh signaling pathway may play an initial role in preventing further development of mouse RSDL in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyan Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, China
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21
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Lin C, Ruan N, Li L, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. FGF8-mediated signaling regulates tooth developmental pace during odontogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 34500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The developing human and mouse teeth constitute an ideal model system to study the regulatory mechanism underlying organ growth control since their teeth share highly conserved and well-characterized developmental processes and their developmental tempo varies notably. In the current study, we manipulated heterogenous recombination between human and mouse dental tissues and demonstrate that the dental mesenchyme dominates the tooth developmental tempo and FGF8 could be a critical player during this developmental process. Forced activation of FGF8 signaling in the dental mesenchyme of mice promoted cell proliferation, prevented cell apoptosis via p38 and perhaps PI3K-Akt intracellular signaling, and impelled the transition of the cell cycle from G1- to S-phase in the tooth germ, resulting in the slowdown of the tooth developmental pace. Our results provide compelling evidence that extrinsic signals can profoundly affect tooth developmental tempo and the dental mesenchymal FGF8 could be a pivotal factor in controlling the developmental pace in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mammalian odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Ningsheng Ruan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
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22
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Developmental influence on evolutionary rates and the origin of placental mammal tooth complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019294118. [PMID: 34083433 PMCID: PMC8202019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019294118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions during development among genes, cells, and tissues can favor the more frequent generation of some trait variants compared with others. This developmental bias has often been considered to constrain adaptation, but its exact influence on evolution is poorly understood. Using computer simulations of development, we provide evidence that molecules promoting the formation of mammalian tooth cusps could help accelerate tooth complexity evolution. Only relatively small developmental changes were needed to derive the more complex, rectangular upper molar typical of early placental mammals from the simpler triangular ancestral pattern. Development may therefore have enabled the relatively fast divergence of the early placental molar dentition. Development has often been viewed as a constraining force on morphological adaptation, but its precise influence, especially on evolutionary rates, is poorly understood. Placental mammals provide a classic example of adaptive radiation, but the debate around rate and drivers of early placental evolution remains contentious. A hallmark of early dental evolution in many placental lineages was a transition from a triangular upper molar to a more complex upper molar with a rectangular cusp pattern better specialized for crushing. To examine how development influenced this transition, we simulated dental evolution on “landscapes” built from different parameters of a computational model of tooth morphogenesis. Among the parameters examined, we find that increases in the number of enamel knots, the developmental precursors of the tooth cusps, were primarily influenced by increased self-regulation of the molecular activator (activation), whereas the pattern of knots resulted from changes in both activation and biases in tooth bud growth. In simulations, increased activation facilitated accelerated evolutionary increases in knot number, creating a lateral knot arrangement that evolved at least ten times on placental upper molars. Relatively small increases in activation, superimposed on an ancestral tritubercular molar growth pattern, could recreate key changes leading to a rectangular upper molar cusp pattern. Tinkering with tooth bud geometry varied the way cusps initiated along the posterolingual molar margin, suggesting that small spatial variations in ancestral molar growth may have influenced how placental lineages acquired a hypocone cusp. We suggest that development could have enabled relatively fast higher-level divergence of the placental molar dentition.
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23
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NKL-Code in Normal and Aberrant Hematopoiesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081961. [PMID: 33921702 PMCID: PMC8073162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gene codes represent expression patterns of closely related genes in particular tissues, organs or body parts. The NKL-code describes the activity of NKL homeobox genes in the hematopoietic system. NKL homeobox genes encode transcription factors controlling basic developmental processes. Therefore, aberrations of this code may contribute to deregulated hematopoiesis including leukemia and lymphoma. Normal and abnormal activities of NKL homeobox genes are described and mechanisms of (de)regulation, function, and diseases exemplified. Abstract We have recently described physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and in subsequent lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis, including terminally differentiated blood cells. We thereby systematized differential expression patterns of eleven such genes which form the so-called NKL-code. Due to the developmental impact of NKL homeobox genes, these data suggest a key role for their activity in normal hematopoietic differentiation processes. On the other hand, the aberrant overexpression of NKL-code-members or the ectopical activation of non-code members have been frequently reported in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia/lymphoma, revealing the oncogenic potential of these genes in the hematopoietic compartment. Here, I provide an overview of the NKL-code in normal hematopoiesis and instance mechanisms of deregulation and oncogenic functions of selected NKL genes in hematologic cancers. As well as published clinical studies, our conclusions are based on experimental work using hematopoietic cell lines which represent useful models to characterize the role of NKL homeobox genes in specific tumor types.
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24
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Bertonnier-Brouty L, Viriot L, Joly T, Charles C. Gene expression patterns associated with dental replacement in the rabbit, a new model for the mammalian dental replacement mechanisms. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1494-1504. [PMID: 33760336 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike many vertebrates with continuous dental replacement, mammals have a maximum of two dental generations. Due to the absence of dental replacement in the laboratory mouse, the mechanisms of the mammalian tooth replacement system are poorly known. In this study, we use the European rabbit as a model for mammalian tooth development and replacement. RESULTS We provide data on some key regulators of tooth development. We detected the presence of SOX2 in both the replacement dental lamina and the rudimentary successional dental lamina of unreplaced molars, indicating that SOX2 may not be sufficient to initiate and maintain tooth replacement. We showed that Shh does not seem to be directly involved in tooth replacement. The transient presence of the rudimentary successional dental lamina in the molar allowed us to identify genes that could be essential for the initiation or the maintenance of tooth replacement. Hence, the locations of Sostdc1, RUNX2, and LEF1 vary between the deciduous premolar, the replacement premolar, and the molar, indicating possible roles in tooth replacement. CONCLUSION According to our observations, initiation and the maintenance of tooth replacement correlate with the presence of LEF1+ cells and the absence of both mesenchymal RUNX2 and epithelial Sostdc1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Isara, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyril Charles
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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25
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Gerber JT, Dos Santos KM, Brum BK, Petinati MFP, Meger MN, da Costa DJ, Elsalanty M, Küchler EC, Scariot R. Odontogenesis-related candidate genes involved in variations of permanent teeth size. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4481-4494. [PMID: 33651240 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 and variations in permanent tooth size (TS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 110 individuals' dental casts to determine the maximum tooth crown size of all fully erupted permanent teeth (third molars were excluded) in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions. Genomic DNA was obtained from the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2 (rs59983488 and rs1200425), BMP4 (rs17563), BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464), TGFβ1 (rs1800470), EGF (rs4444903), and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) through real-time PCR. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The genetic polymorphisms rs59983488, rs1200425, rs17563, rs235768, rs1005464, rs1800470, and rs4444903 were associated with MD and BL TS of the upper and lower arches (p < 0.05). The polymorphism rs2119261 was associated with variation in TS only in the upper arch (p < 0.05). The rs3934908 was not associated with any TS measurement (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study reports novel associations between variation in permanent TS and genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 indicating a possible role of these genes in dental morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Polymorphisms in odontogenesis-related genes may be involved in dental morphology enabling a prediction of permanent TS variability. The knowledge regarding genes involved in TS might impact the personalized dental treatment, considering that patients' genetic profile would soon be introduced into clinical practice to improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsi Gerber
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Katheleen Miranda Dos Santos
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karas Brum
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Pivetta Petinati
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Michelle Nascimento Meger
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Delson João da Costa
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Medical and Anatomical Sciences, College of Ostheopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western Universitiy, 615 E 3rd St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
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26
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Moon JS, Nam YS, Kang JH, Yang DW, Kim DY, Lee SY, Ko HM, Kim MS, Kim SH. Regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in odontogenic mineralization in rats. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:63-75. [PMID: 33141361 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Much information is currently available for molecules in early odontogenesis, but there is limited knowledge regarding terminal cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts for the determination of normal crown morphology. The present differential display PCR (DD-PCR) revealed that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) was differentially expressed in molar tooth germs between the cap (before crown mineralization) and root formation (after crown mineralization) stages. Real-time PCR confirmed that the expression levels of IGFBP1-4 were not significantly changed but those of IGFBP5-7 were upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Immunoreactivities for IGFBP5-7 were hardly seen in molar germs at the cap/early bell stage and protective-stage ameloblasts at the root formation stage. However, the reactivity was strong in odontoblasts and maturation-stage ameloblasts, which are morphologically and functionally characterized by wide intercellular space and active enamel matrix mineralization. The localization of each IGFBP was temporospatial. IGFBP5 was localized in the nuclei of fully differentiated odontoblasts and ameloblasts, while IGFBP6 was localized in the apical cytoplasm of ameloblasts and odontoblasts with dentinal tubules, and IGFBP7 was mainly found in the whole cytoplasm of odontoblasts and the intercellular space of ameloblasts. IGFBP silencing using specific siRNAs upregulated representative genes for dentinogenesis and amelogenesis, such as DMP1 and amelogenin, respectively, and augmented the differentiation media-induced mineralization, which was confirmed by alizarin red s and alkaline phosphatase staining. These results suggest that IGFBP5-7 may play independent and redundant regulatory roles in late-stage odontogenesis by modulating the functional differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Moon
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Sung Nam
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Jia S, Oliver JD, Turner EC, Renouard M, Bei M, Wright JT, D'Souza RN. Pax9's Interaction With the Ectodysplasin Signaling Pathway During the Patterning of Dentition. Front Physiol 2020; 11:581843. [PMID: 33329029 PMCID: PMC7732595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.581843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In these studies, we explored for the first time the molecular relationship between the paired-domain-containing transcription factor, Pax9, and the ectodysplasin (Eda) signaling pathway during mouse incisor formation. Mice that were deficient in both Pax9 and Eda were generated, and the status of dentition analyzed in all progeny using gross evaluation and histomorphometric means. When compared to wildtype controls, Pax9+/–Eda–/– mice lack mandibular incisors. Interestingly, Fgf and Shh signaling are down-regulated while Bmp4 and Lef1 appear unaffected. These findings suggest that Pax9-dependent signaling involves the Eda pathway and that this genetic relationship is important for mandibular incisor development. Studies of records of humans affected by mutations in PAX9 lead to the congenital absence of posterior dentition but interestingly involve agenesis of mandibular central incisors. The latter phenotype is exhibited by individuals with EDA or EDAR mutations. Thus, it is likely that PAX9, in addition to playing a role in the formation of more complex dentition, is also involved with EDA signaling in the initiation of odontogenesis within the incisal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Jia
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jeremie D Oliver
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Emma C Turner
- Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maranda Renouard
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marianna Bei
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J T Wright
- Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Pathology, and Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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28
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Ma X, Jiang Y, Ge H, Yao Y, Wang Y, Mei Y, Wang D. Epidemiological, clinical, radiographic characterization of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth in Chinese children and adolescents. Oral Dis 2020; 27:981-992. [PMID: 32881166 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study was purposed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical, and 3D radiological features of supernumerary teeth (ST) in a non-syndromic Chinese children and adolescent dental population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Original cone-beam CT (CBCT) data from 18,861 patients aged from 6 to 17 years with dental maxillofacial diseases treated in a Chinese dental hospital from June 2012 to December 2018 were utilized to screen patients with ST. Diagnosis and characterizations of ST were analyzed by CBCT coupled with 3D reconstruction. All relevant epidemiological, clinical, and radiographic details about ST were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Among total 18,861 patients, 2,768 ST were identified in 1984 subjects with a prevalence of 10.52% and a male:female ratio of 1.86:1. Majority of ST were single, conical, inverted, impacted, and located in maxilla anterior region. ST-associated complications mainly included malposition, rotation, and impaction of adjacent teeth, which were notably associated with morphology and position of ST. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ST in Chinese children and adolescent dental population was 10.52% and tended to present as single, conical, inverted, and impacted, which resulted in abnormalities of neighboring teeth. Our outcomes are beneficial for clinicians to more comprehensively understand the incidence, characterization, and clinical treatment planning of ST in dental children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Ge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Neupane S, Aryal YP, Kim TY, Yeon CY, An CH, Kim JY, Yamamoto H, Lee Y, Sohn WJ, Kim JY. Signaling Modulations of miR-206-3p in Tooth Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5251. [PMID: 32722078 PMCID: PMC7432545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Most mammalian miRNAs influence biological processes, including developmental changes, tissue morphogenesis and the maintenance of tissue identity, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. The miR-206-3p has been correlated with cancer; however, developmental roles of this miRNA are unclear. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and evaluated the developmental regulation of miR-206-3p during tooth morphogenesis using ex-vivo culture method. The expression pattern of miR-206-3p was examined in the epithelium and mesenchyme of developing tooth germ with stage-specific manners. Perturbation of the expression of miR-206-3p clearly altered expression patterns of dental-development-related signaling molecules, including Axin2, Bmp2, Fgf4, Lef1 and Shh. The gene expression complemented with change in cellular events including, apoptosis and proliferation which caused altered crown and pulp morphogenesis in renal-capsule-calcified teeth. Especially, mislocalization of β-Catenin and SMAD1/5/8 were observed alongside dramatic alterations in the expression patterns of Fgf4 and Shh. Overall, our data suggest that the miR-206-3p regulate the cellular physiology during tooth morphogenesis through modulation of the Wnt, Bmp, Fgf, and Shh signaling pathways to form proper tooth pulp and crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Yeol Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (Y.P.A.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
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30
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Wu J, Tian Y, Han L, Liu C, Sun T, Li L, Yu Y, Lamichhane B, D'Souza RN, Millar SE, Krumlauf R, Ornitz DM, Feng JQ, Klein O, Zhao H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Wang X. FAM20B-catalyzed glycosaminoglycans control murine tooth number by restricting FGFR2b signaling. BMC Biol 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32664967 PMCID: PMC7359594 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of supernumerary teeth is an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell homeostasis needed to generate a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues. Although multiple growth factors and transcriptional factors have been associated with supernumerary tooth formation, the regulatory inputs of extracellular matrix in this regenerative process remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we present evidence that disrupting glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the dental epithelium of mice by inactivating FAM20B, a xylose kinase essential for GAG assembly, leads to supernumerary tooth formation in a pattern reminiscent of replacement teeth. The dental epithelial GAGs confine murine tooth number by restricting the homeostasis of Sox2(+) dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells in a non-autonomous manner. FAM20B-catalyzed GAGs regulate the cell fate of dental lamina by restricting FGFR2b signaling at the initial stage of tooth development to maintain a subtle balance between the renewal and differentiation of Sox2(+) cells. At the later cap stage, WNT signaling functions as a relay cue to facilitate the supernumerary tooth formation. CONCLUSIONS The novel mechanism we have characterized through which GAGs control the tooth number in mice may also be more broadly relevant for potentiating signaling interactions in other tissues during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Bikash Lamichhane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Men Y, Wang Y, Yi Y, Jing D, Luo W, Shen B, Stenberg W, Chai Y, Ge WP, Feng JQ, Zhao H. Gli1+ Periodontium Stem Cells Are Regulated by Osteocytes and Occlusal Force. Dev Cell 2020; 54:639-654.e6. [PMID: 32652075 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are attached to alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament (PDL), which contains stem cells supporting tissue turnover. Here, we identified Gli1+ cells in adult mouse molar PDL as multi-potential stem cells (PDLSCs) giving rise to PDL, alveolar bone, and cementum. They support periodontium tissue turnover and injury repair. Gli1+ PDLSCs are surrounding the neurovascular bundle and more enriched in the apical region. Canonical Wnt signaling is essential for their activation. Alveolar bone osteocytes negatively regulate Gli1+ PDLSCs activity through sclerostin, a Wnt inhibitor. Blockage of sclerostin accelerates the PDLSCs lineage contribution rate in vivo. Sclerostin expression is modulated by physiological occlusal force. Removal of occlusal force upregulates sclerostin and inhibits PDLSCs activation. In summary, Gli1+ cells are the multipotential PDLSCs in vivo. Osteocytes provide negative feedback to PDLSCs and inhibit their activities through sclerostin. Physiological occlusal force indirectly regulates PDLSCs activities by fine-tuning this feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Men
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yating Yi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - William Stenberg
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Kim Y, Kang J, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Zhang H, Kasimoglu Y, Bayram M, Tuna-Ince E, Bayrak S, Tuloglu N, Hu JC, Simmer J, Kim JW. Alteration of Exon Definition Causes Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J Dent Res 2020; 99:410-418. [PMID: 31999931 PMCID: PMC7088207 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520901708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collection of genetic disorders affecting the quality and/or quantity of tooth enamel. More than 20 genes are, so far, known to be responsible for this condition. In this study, we recruited 3 Turkish families with hypomaturation AI. Whole-exome sequence analyses identified disease-causing mutations in each proband, and these mutations cosegregated with the AI phenotype in all recruited members of each family. The AI-causing mutations in family 1 were a novel AMELX mutation [NM_182680.1:c.143T>C, p.(Leu48Ser)] in the proband and a novel homozygous MMP20 mutation [NM_004771.3:c.616G>A, p.(Asp206Asn)] in the mother of the proband. Previously reported compound heterozygous MMP20 mutations [NM_004771.3:c.103A>C, p.(Arg35=) and c.389C>T, p.(Thr130Ile)] caused the AI in family 2 and family 3. Minigene splicing analyses revealed that the AMELX missense mutation increased exonic definition of exon 4 and the MMP20 synonymous mutation decreased exonic definition of exon 1. These mutations would trigger an alteration of exon usage during RNA splicing, causing the enamel malformations. These results broaden our understanding of molecular genetic pathology of tooth enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.J. Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - F. Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y. Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E.B. Tuna-Ince
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - N. Tuloglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - J.C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J.P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J.-W. Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Deregulated NKL Homeobox Genes in B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121874. [PMID: 31779217 PMCID: PMC6966443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have described physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and in subsequent lymphopoiesis. We identified nine genes which constitute the so-called NKL-code. Aberrant overexpression of code-members or ectopically activated non-code NKL homeobox genes are described in T-cell leukemia and in T- and B-cell lymphoma, highlighting their oncogenic role in lymphoid malignancies. Here, we introduce the NKL-code in normal hematopoiesis and focus on deregulated NKL homeobox genes in B-cell lymphoma, including HLX, MSX1 and NKX2-2 in Hodgkin lymphoma; HLX, NKX2-1 and NKX6-3 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; and NKX2-3 in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Thus, the roles of various members of the NKL homeobox gene subclass are considered in normal and pathological hematopoiesis in detail.
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Li J, Xu J, Cui Y, Wang L, Wang B, Wang Q, Zhang X, Qiu M, Zhang Z. Mesenchymal Sufu Regulates Development of Mandibular Molars via Shh Signaling. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1348-1356. [PMID: 31499014 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519872679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in dental epithelium regulates tooth morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling transduction. However, the action of Shh signaling regulation in this process is not well understood. Here we find that mesenchymal Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), a major negative regulator of Shh signaling, plays an important role in modulating the tooth germ morphogenesis during the bud-to-cap stage transition. Deletion of Sufu in dental mesenchyme by Dermo1-Cre mice leads to delayed development of mandibular molar into cap stage with defect of primary enamel knot (EK) formation. We show the disruption of cell proliferation and programmed cell death in dental epithelium and mesenchyme in Sufu mutants. Epithelial-specific adhesion molecule E-cadherin is evidently reduced in the bilateral basal cells of tooth germ at E14.5. The cells in the presumptive EK, predominantly expressing P-cadherin, appear stratified but fail to condense. Moreover, the transcripts of primary EK marker genes, including Shh, Fgf4, and p21, are significantly decreased compared to controls. In contrast, we find that deficiency of Sufu results in elevation of Shh signaling in mesenchyme, indicated by the significant upregulation of Gli1 and Ptch1. Meanwhile, the expression of Bmp4 and Fgf3, the critical factors of mesenchymal-epithelial induction, is significantly inhibited in dental mesenchyme. Furthermore, the expression of Runx2 experiences a transient decrease at the bud stage. Taken together, these data suggest that mesenchymal Sufu is necessary for tuning the Shh signaling, which may act as an upstream modulator of Bmp4 and Fgf3 to coordinate the interplay between the dental mesenchyme and epithelium of tooth germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Cui
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Q Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wakamatsu Y, Egawa S, Terashita Y, Kawasaki H, Tamura K, Suzuki K. Homeobox code model of heterodont tooth in mammals revised. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12865. [PMID: 31492950 PMCID: PMC6731288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterodonty is one of the hallmarks of mammals. It has been suggested that, homeobox genes, differentially expressed in the ectomesenchyme of the jaw primordium along the distal-proximal axis, would determine the tooth classes (homeobox code model) based on mouse studies. Because mouse has highly specialized tooth pattern lacking canine and premolars (dental formula: 1003/1003, for upper and lower jaws, respectively), it is unclear if the suggested model could be applied for mammals with all tooth classes, including human. We thus compared the homeobox code gene expressions in various mammals, such as opossum (5134/4134), ferret (3131/3132), as well as mouse. We found that Msx1 and BarX1 expression domains in the jaw primordium of the opossum and ferret embryos show a large overlap, but such overlap is small in mouse. Detailed analyses of gene expressions and subsequent morphogenesis of tooth germ in the opossum indicated that the Msx1/BarX1 double-positive domain will correspond to the premolar region, and Alx3-negative/Msx1-positive/BarX1-negative domain will correspond to canine. This study therefore provides a significant update of the homeobox code model in the mammalian heterodonty. We also show that the modulation of FGF-mediated Msx1 activation contributes to the variation in the proximal Msx1 expression among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Wakamatsu
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shiro Egawa
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yukari Terashita
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
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Chen D, Wang YY, Li XC, Lu FL, Li Q. [Spatio-temporal expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and collagen Ⅰ during molar tooth germ development in vps4b knockout mouse]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:248-252. [PMID: 31218856 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the effect of the mutant gene vps4b on the expression of tooth development-related proteins, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and collagenⅠ (COL-Ⅰ). METHODS Paraffin tissue sections of the first molar tooth germ were obtained from the heads of fetal mice at the embryonic stages of 13.5, 14.5, and 16.5 days and from the mandibles of larvae aged 2.5 and 7 days after birth. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression and location of DSPP and COL-Ⅰ in wild-type mouse and vps4b knockout mouse. RESULTS DSPP and COL-Ⅰ were not found in the bud and cap stages of wild-type mouse molar germ. In the bell stage, DSPP was positively expressed in the inner enamel epithelium and dental papilla, whereas COL-Ⅰ was strongly expressed in the dental papilla and dental follicle. During the secretory and mineralized periods, DSPP and COL-Ⅰ were intensely observed in ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental follicles, but COL-Ⅰ was also expressed in the dental papilla. After vps4b gene knockout, DSPP was not expressed in the dental papilla of the bell stage and in the dental papilla and dental follicle of the secretory phase. The expression position of COL-Ⅰ in the bell and mineralization phase was consistent with that in the wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of COL-Ⅰ in the dental papilla changed in the secretory stage. CONCLUSIONS Gene vps4b plays a significant role in the development of tooth germ. The expression of DSPP and COL-Ⅰ may be controlled by gene vps4b and regulates the development of tooth dentin and cementum together with vps4b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Li
- Dept. of Stomatology, Puyang People's Hospital, Puyang 457099, China
| | - Fang-Li Lu
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Craniofacial malformations and their association with brain development: the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for treatment. Odontology 2019; 108:1-15. [PMID: 31172336 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial complex develops mainly in the first trimester of pregnancy, but its final shaping and the development of the teeth extend into the second and third trimesters. It is intimately connected with the development of the brain because of the crucial role the cranial neural crest cells play and the fact that many signals which control craniofacial development originate in the brain and vice versa. As a result, malformations of one organ may affect the development of the other. Similarly, there are developmental connections between the craniofacial complex and the teeth. Craniofacial anomalies are either isolated, resulting from abnormal development of the first two embryonic pharyngeal arches, or part of multiple malformation syndromes affecting many other organs. They may stem from gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations or from environmental causes induced by teratogens. The craniofacial morphologic changes are generally cosmetic, but they often interfere with important functions such as chewing, swallowing and respiration. In addition, they may cause hearing or visual impairment. In this review we discussed only a small number of craniofacial malformations and barely touched upon related anomalies of dentition. Following a brief description of the craniofacial development, we discussed oral clefts, craniofacial microsomia, teratogens that may interfere with craniofacial development resulting in different malformations, the genetically determined craniosynostoses syndromes and few other relatively common syndromes that, in addition to the craniofacial complex, also affect other organs. The understanding of these malformations is important in dentistry as dentists play an integral role in their diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment.
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Chen KC, Huang JS, Chen MY, Cheng KH, Wong TY, Huang TT. Unusual Supernumerary Teeth and Treatment Outcomes Analyzed for Developing Improved Diagnosis and Management Plans. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:920-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Meguro F, Porntaveetus T, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada A, Kakihara Y, Saeki M, Tabeta K, Kessler JA, Maeda T, Ohazama A. Bmp signaling in molar cusp formation. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:67-71. [PMID: 30980961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tooth cusp is a crucial structure, since the shape of the molar tooth is determined by number, shape, and size of the cusp. Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is known to play a critical role in tooth development, including in initiation. However, it remains unclear whether Bmp signaling is also involved in cusp formation. To address this question, we examined cusp in two different transgenic mouse lines: mice with overexpression of Bmp4 (K14-Bmp4), and those with Bmp inhibitor, Noggin, (K14-Noggin) under keratin14 (K14) promoter. K14-Noggin mice demonstrated extra cusps, whereas reduced number of cusps was observed in K14-Bmp4 mice. To further understand how Bmps are expressed during cusp formation, we performed whole-mount in situ hybridisation analysis of three major Bmps (Bmp2, Bmp4, and Bmp7) in murine maxillary and mandibular molars from E14.5 to P3. The linear expressions of Bmp2 and Bmp4 were observed in both maxillary and mandibular molars at E14.5. The expression patterns of Bmp2 and Bmp4 became significantly different between the maxillary and mandibular molars at E16.5. At P3, all Bmps were expressed in all the cusp regions of the maxillary molar; however, the patterns differed. All Bmps thus exhibited dynamic temporo-spatial expression during the cusp formation. It could therefore be inferred that Bmp signaling is involved in regulating cusp formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- (f)Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Department of Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Moura E, Rotenberg IS, Pimpão CT. X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia-General Features and Dental Abnormalities in Affected Dogs Compared With Human Dental Abnormalities. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35:11-17. [PMID: 31122682 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in ectodermal derivatives such as sweat glands, hair, and teeth. In animals, the highest number of cases has been reported in dogs, which show characteristic congenital alopecia and develop abnormalities in the shape and number of teeth. Although the clinical phenotype of the affected individuals is typical, this disorder remains almost unknown in veterinary clinical practice. With the aim of making it better known, we gathered in this review the main clinical and genetic aspects of XLHED, placing emphasis on dental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Isabel S Rotenberg
- Course of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia T Pimpão
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Yokoi M, Kuremoto KI, Okada S, Sasaki M, Tsuga K. Effect of attenuation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b signaling on odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:211-219. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang F, Li G, Wu Z, Fan Z, Yang M, Wu T, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang S. Tracking diphyodont development in miniature pigs in vitro and in vivo. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.037036. [PMID: 30683673 PMCID: PMC6398454 DOI: 10.1242/bio.037036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of tooth number in humans, such as agenesis and supernumerary tooth formation, are closely related to diphyodont development. There is an increasing demand to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind diphyodont development through the use of large animal models, since they are the most similar to the mechanism of human tooth development. However, attempting to study diphyodont development in large animals remains challenging due to large tooth size, prolonged growth stage and embryo manipulation. Here, we characterized the expression of possible genes for diphyodont development and odontogenesis of an organoid bud from single cells of tooth germs in vitro using Wzhishan pig strain (WZSP). Following this, we used a method of ectopic transplantation of tooth germs at cap stage to dynamically track diphyodont development of tooth germs in mouse subrenal capsules to overcome the restrictions in pig embryos. The results showed that pig tooth germ at cap stage could restore diphyodont development and maintain efficient long-term survival and growth in mouse subrenal capsules, which is suitable for future manipulation of large mammalian tooth development. Our pilot study provided an alternative for studying diphyodont development in large mammals, which will further promote the use of pig as a diphyodont model similar to humans for craniofacial development study. Summary: Little is known about diphyodont development in large animals. Our pilot trial characterized this gene expression and developed an alternative method to track diphyodont development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Basic Oral Sciences, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Basic Oral Sciences, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Kumagai M, Guo X, Wang KY, Izumi H, Tsukamoto M, Nakashima T, Tasaki T, Kurose N, Uramoto H, Sasaguri Y, Kohno K, Yamada S. Depletion of WNT10A Prevents Tumor Growth by Suppressing Microvessels and Collagen Expression. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:416-423. [PMID: 30911276 PMCID: PMC6428976 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently reported that WNT10A plays a pivotal role in wound healing by regulating collagen expression/synthesis, as the depletion of WNT10A dramatically delays skin ulcer formation. WNT signaling also has a close correlation with the cancer microenvironment and proliferation, since tumors are actually considered to be 'unhealing' or 'overhealing' wounds. To ascertain the in vivo regulatory functions of WNT10A in tumor growth, we examined the net effects of WNT10A depletion using Wnt10a-deficient mice (Wnt10a -/-). Methods and Results: We subjected C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or Wnt10a -/- mice to murine melanoma B16-F10 cell transplantation. Wnt10a -/- mice showed a significantly smaller volume of transplanted melanoma as well as fewer microvessels and less collagen expression and more necrosis than WT mice. Conclusions: Taken together, our observations suggest that critical in vivo roles of Wnt10a-depleted anti-stromagenesis prevent tumor growth, in contrast with true wound healing/scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motona Kumagai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Tamiji Nakashima
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kurose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.,Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | | | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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44
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Jiang B, Xu F, Li L, Chen W, Hong S, Chen R. The inhibition of glycosaminoglycan incorporation influences the cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation in cultured embryonic mouse molars. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:11-19. [PMID: 30498999 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains a variety of complex macromolecules including proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). PG consists of a protein core with covalently attached carbohydrate side chains called GAGs. Several PGs, including versican, biglycan, decorin and syndecan are involved in odontogenesis while the role of GAGs in those PGs in this process remains unclarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of GAGs on tooth development. The mandibular first molars at early bell stage were cultivated with or without 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xyloside (Xyl-MU). The cultured tooth germs were metabolically labelled with [35S] Na2SO4, then PGs in tooth germs and cultured medium were extracted separately and analyzed by gel filtration. Morphological changes were evaluated on days 2, 4, 6, and histological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Related proteins and genes of cytodifferentiation were further examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitive real-time PCR (qPCR) respectively. Meanwhile, BrdU incorporation assay was used to explore the effect of Xyl-MU on the cell proliferation of cultured tooth germs. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of GAGs to PGs in cultured tooth germs was heavily inhibited by Xyl-MU. Accompanied by the inhibition of GAGs incorporation, Xyl-MU altered tooth morphogenesis and delayed the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Proliferation of inner enamel epithelium (IEE) was also inhibited. Therefore, we draw a conclusion that the inhibition of GAGs incorporation influences the cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation in cultured embryonic mouse molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School & Hosipital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School & Hosipital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lefeng Li
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School & Hosipital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School & Hosipital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shebin Hong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School & Hosipital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rongmei Chen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School & Hosipital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
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45
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Schliermann A, Nickel J. Unraveling the Connection between Fibroblast Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103220. [PMID: 30340367 PMCID: PMC6214098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ontogeny of higher organisms as well the regulation of tissue homeostasis in adult individuals requires a fine-balanced interplay of regulating factors that individually trigger the fate of particular cells to either stay undifferentiated or to differentiate towards distinct tissue specific lineages. In some cases, these factors act synergistically to promote certain cellular responses, whereas in other tissues the same factors antagonize each other. However, the molecular basis of this obvious dual signaling activity is still only poorly understood. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are two major signal protein families that have a lot in common: They are both highly preserved between different species, involved in essential cellular functions, and their ligands vastly outnumber their receptors, making extensive signal regulation necessary. In this review we discuss where and how BMP and FGF signaling cross paths. The compiled data reflect that both factors synchronously act in many tissues, and that antagonism and synergism both exist in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, by challenging a generalization of the connection between these two pathways a new chapter in BMP FGF signaling research will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schliermann
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97222 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97222 Würzburg, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung, Translationszentrum TLZ-RT, Röntgenring 11, 97222 Würzburg, Germany.
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46
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Kahle P, Ludolphy C, Kierdorf H, Kierdorf U. Dental anomalies and lesions in Eastern Atlantic harbor seals, Phoca vitulina vitulina (Carnivora, Phocidae), from the German North Sea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204079. [PMID: 30281623 PMCID: PMC6169878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skulls of 1,901 Eastern Atlantic harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) were systematically studied for externally visible dental anomalies and lesions. The sample comprised 927 males and 974 female individuals, with age at death ranging between 1 week and 25 years. Most of the skulls originated from animals collected in 1988, when the population suffered from a mass mortality event caused by the phocine distemper virus (PDV). Mean age (± SD) of females (6.7 ± 6.4 years) was higher (p = 0.002) than that of males (5.9 ± 5.2 years). In 264 individuals, one or more teeth were missing either congenitally (n = 26 animals, 1.4%) or due to intravital loss (n = 238 animals, 12.5%). One male exhibited congenital absence of all teeth (anodontia). As this animal had been reported to be almost hairless, the condition was tentatively diagnosed as a case of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Males were more frequently (p = 0.002) affected by intravital tooth loss (15.0%) than females (10.2%). Supernumerary teeth were found in 3.4% of the skulls, with females (4.7%) showing hyperodontia more frequently (p < 0.001) than males (1.9%). Fifty-nine individuals (3.1%; 28 males, 31 females, p = 0.84) exhibited abnormal tooth morphology. Tooth fractures were noted in 40 seals (2.1%), with males being more frequently affected than females (p = 0.017). Periapical lesions were diagnosed in 143 skulls, with a tendency (p = 0.05) for males (8.7%) to be more frequently affected than females (6.4%). Enamel hypoplasia was not observed in the study sample. Analyzing the occurrence of dental anomalies and lesions in wild mammals can substantially contribute to an assessment of population health and thereby broaden the basis for effective species conservation and informed management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kahle
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | | | - Horst Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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47
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Williams MA, Letra A. The Changing Landscape in the Genetic Etiology of Human Tooth Agenesis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050255. [PMID: 29772684 PMCID: PMC5977195 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in understanding the genetics of syndromic tooth agenesis (TA), the causes of the most common, isolated TA remain elusive. Recent studies have identified novel genes and variants contributing to the etiology of TA, and revealed new pathways in which tooth development genes belong. Further, the use of new research approaches including next-generation sequencing has provided increased evidence supporting an oligogenic inheritance model for TA, and may explain the phenotypic variability of the condition. In this review, we present current knowledge about the genetic mechanisms underlying syndromic and isolated TA in humans, and highlight the value of incorporating next-generation sequencing approaches to identify causative and/or modifier genes that contribute to the etiology of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Williams
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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48
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Wang KY, Yamada S, Izumi H, Tsukamoto M, Nakashima T, Tasaki T, Guo X, Uramoto H, Sasaguri Y, Kohno K. Critical in vivo roles of WNT10A in wound healing by regulating collagen expression/synthesis in WNT10A-deficient mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195156. [PMID: 29596490 PMCID: PMC5875851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have reported that WNT10A plays a critical role in the growth of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells, i.e.; wound healing/scarring. To ascertain the in vivo regulatory, central functions of WNT10A, we examined the net effects of WNT10A depletion using WNT10A-deficient mice (WNT10A–/–). Methods and results We generated WNT10A–/–mice, displaying a range of unique phenotypes of morpho/organogenetic failure, such as growth retardation, alopecia, kyphosis and infertility, and then focused on the functions of WNT10A in wound healing. We subjected C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or WNT10A–/–mice to skin ulcer formation. The WNT10A–/–mice had significantly larger injured areas and delayed wound healing, which were associated with (a) a smaller number of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and microvessels; and (b) more reduced expression and synthesis of collagen, compared with WT mice with intact WNT10A expression, especially in those with activated myofibroblasts. Conclusions These observations indicate that WNT10A signaling can play a pivotal in vivo role in wound healing by regulating the expression and synthesis of collagen, as one of fibrogenic factors, at least in part, and critical in vivo roles of WNT10A-mediated effective wound healing are extremely closely associated with collagen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (KK)
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tamiji Nakashima
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Kohno
- Asahi-Matsumoto Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (KK)
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49
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Järvinen E, Shimomura-Kuroki J, Balic A, Jussila M, Thesleff I. Mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling limits tooth number. Development 2018; 145:dev.158048. [PMID: 29437780 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the predominant developmental anomalies in humans, usually affecting the permanent dentition generated by sequential tooth formation and, in most cases, caused by mutations perturbing epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt feedback inhibitor AXIN2 lead to human tooth agenesis. We have investigated the functions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during sequential formation of molar teeth using mouse models. Continuous initiation of new teeth, which is observed after genetic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the oral epithelium, was accompanied by enhanced expression of Wnt antagonists and a downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the dental mesenchyme. Genetic and pharmacological activation of mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulated sequential tooth formation, an effect partly mediated by Bmp4. Runx2, a gene whose loss-of-function mutations result in sequential formation of supernumerary teeth in the human cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome, suppressed the expression of Wnt inhibitors Axin2 and Drapc1 in dental mesenchyme. Our data indicate that increased mesenchymal Wnt signaling inhibits the sequential formation of teeth, and suggest that Axin2/Runx2 antagonistic interactions modulate the level of mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling, underlying the contrasting dental phenotypes caused by human AXIN2 and RUNX2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Järvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland.,Merck Oy, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Junko Shimomura-Kuroki
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland
| | - Maria Jussila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland
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50
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Williams MA, Biguetti C, Romero-Bustillos M, Maheshwari K, Dinckan N, Cavalla F, Liu X, Silva R, Akyalcin S, Uyguner ZO, Vieira AR, Amendt BA, Fakhouri WD, Letra A. Colorectal Cancer-Associated Genes Are Associated with Tooth Agenesis and May Have a Role in Tooth Development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2979. [PMID: 29445242 PMCID: PMC5813178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously reported co-occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and tooth agenesis (TA) and the overlap in disease-associated gene variants suggest involvement of similar molecular pathways. Here, we took an unbiased approach and tested genome-wide significant CRC-associated variants for association with isolated TA. Thirty single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CRC-predisposing genes/loci were genotyped in a discovery dataset composed of 440 individuals with and without isolated TA. Genome-wide significant associations were found between TA and ATF1 rs11169552 (P = 4.36 × 10-10) and DUSP10 rs6687758 (P = 1.25 × 10-9), and positive association found with CASC8 rs10505477 (P = 8.2 × 10-5). Additional CRC marker haplotypes were also significantly associated with TA. Genotyping an independent dataset consisting of 52 cases with TA and 427 controls confirmed the association with CASC8. Atf1 and Dusp10 expression was detected in the mouse developing teeth from early bud stages to the formation of the complete tooth, suggesting a potential role for these genes and their encoded proteins in tooth development. While their individual contributions in tooth development remain to be elucidated, these genes may be considered candidates to be tested in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Williams
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Claudia Biguetti
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sao Paulo Bauru Dental School, Bauru, 17012, Brazil
| | - Miguel Romero-Bustillos
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Kanwal Maheshwari
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Nuriye Dinckan
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sao Paulo Bauru Dental School, Bauru, 17012, Brazil
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Renato Silva
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Sercan Akyalcin
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, 02111, USA
| | - Z Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Departments of Oral Biology and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15229, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77054, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA.
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