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Gyarmati G, Shroff UN, Riquier-Brison A, Desposito D, Ju W, Stocker SD, Izuhara A, Deepak S, Becerra Calderon A, Burford JL, Kadoya H, Moon JY, Chen Y, Rinschen MM, Ahmadi N, Lau L, Biemesderfer D, James AW, Minichiello L, Zlokovic BV, Gill IS, Kretzler M, Peti-Peterdi J. Neuronally differentiated macula densa cells regulate tissue remodeling and regeneration in the kidney. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174558. [PMID: 38598837 PMCID: PMC11142747 DOI: 10.1172/jci174558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is limited in several organs, including the kidney, contributing to the high prevalence of kidney disease globally. However, evolutionary and physiological adaptive responses and the presence of renal progenitor cells suggest an existing remodeling capacity. This study uncovered endogenous tissue remodeling mechanisms in the kidney that were activated by the loss of body fluid and salt and regulated by a unique niche of a minority renal cell type called the macula densa (MD). Here, we identified neuronal differentiation features of MD cells that sense the local and systemic environment and secrete angiogenic, growth, and extracellular matrix remodeling factors, cytokines and chemokines, and control resident progenitor cells. Serial intravital imaging, MD nerve growth factor receptor and Wnt mouse models, and transcriptome analysis revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms of these MD functions. Human and therapeutic translation studies illustrated the clinical potential of MD factors, including CCN1, as a urinary biomarker and therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. The concept that a neuronally differentiated key sensory and regulatory cell type responding to organ-specific physiological inputs controls local progenitors to remodel or repair tissues may be applicable to other organs and diverse tissue-regenerative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Urvi Nikhil Shroff
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anne Riquier-Brison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dorinne Desposito
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean D. Stocker
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Izuhara
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sachin Deepak
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alejandra Becerra Calderon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James L. Burford
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nariman Ahmadi
- Institute of Urology, Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lester Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Biemesderfer
- Section of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Inderbir S. Gill
- Institute of Urology, Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - János Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Tavano O, Murcia ÁB, Torrestina-Sánchez B, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Peptides with biological and technofunctional properties produced by bromelain hydrolysis of proteins from different sources: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127244. [PMID: 37806416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromelains are cysteine peptidases with endopeptidase action (a subfamily of papains), obtained from different parts of vegetable belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. They have some intrinsic medical activity, but this review is focused on their application (individually or mixed with other proteases) to produce bioactive peptides. When compared to other proteases, perhaps due to the fact that they are commercialized as an extract containing several proteases, the hydrolysates produced by this enzyme tends to have higher bioactivities than other common proteases. The peptides and the intensity of their final properties depend on the substrate protein and reaction conditions, being the degree of hydrolysis a determining parameter (but not always positive or negative). The produced peptides may have diverse activities such as antioxidant, antitumoral, antihypertensive or antimicrobial ones, among others or they may be utilized to improve the organoleptic properties of foods and feeds. Evolution of the use of this enzyme in this application is proposed to be based on a more intense direct application of Bromeliaceae extract, without the cost associated to enzyme purification, and the use of immobilized biocatalysts of the enzyme by simplifying the enzyme recovery and reuse, and also making the sequential hydrolysis using diverse proteases possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Koh ES, Kim GH, Chung S. Intrarenal Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Natriuresis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:359-372. [PMID: 37482684 PMCID: PMC10475968 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
When sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were first introduced a decade ago, no one expected them to have substantial effects beyond their known glucose-lowering effects, until the emergence of evidence of their robust renal and cardiovascular benefits showing that they could attenuate progression of kidney disease, irrespective of diabetes, as well as prevent the development of acute kidney injury. Still, the precise and elaborate mechanisms underlying the major organ protection of SGLT2 inhibitors remain unclear. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal tubule of the kidney and then recovers tubuloglomerular feedback, whereby SGLT2 inhibitors reduce glomerular hyperfiltration. This simple demonstration of their beneficial effects has perplexed experts in seeking more plausible and as yet undisclosed explanations for the whole effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, including metabolism reprogramming and the modulation of hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Given that the renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with kidney disease but without diabetes were comparable to those seen in patients with diabetes, it may be reasonable to keep the emphasis on their hemodynamic actions. In this context, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of renal hemodynamics in individuals with diabetes who are treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on natriuresis associated with the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and potential aquaresis. Throughout the discussion of alterations in renal sodium and water transports, particular attention will be given to the potential enhancement of adenosine and its receptors following SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Koh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Li Y, Zheng G, Salimova E, Broughton BRS, Ricardo SD, de Veer M, Samuel CS. Simultaneous late-gadolinium enhancement and T1 mapping of fibrosis and a novel cell-based combination therapy in hypertensive mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114069. [PMID: 36502754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic hypertension and disrupts the viability of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) post-transplantation. This study thus, determined whether the anti-fibrotic drug, serelaxin (RLX), could enhance the therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs or BM-MSC-derived exosomes (BM-MSC-EXO) in hypertensive mice. Left ventricular (LV) fibrosis in particular was assessed using conventional histological staining and non-invasive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). CMRI was employed using a novel magnetisation prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) sequence to simultaneously perform late gadolinium enhancement imaging and T1 mapping. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were uninephrectomised, received deoxycorticosterone acetate and saline to drink (1 K/DOCA/salt) for 21 days, whilst control mice were given normal drinking water for the same time-period. On day 14 post-injury, subgroups of 1 K/DOCA/salt-hypertensive mice were treated with RLX alone or in combination with BM-MSCs or BM-MSC-EXO; or the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone. At day 21 post-injury, LV and kidney histopathology was assessed, whilst LV fibrosis and function were additionally analysed by CMRI and echocardiography. 1 K/DOCA/salt-hypertensive mice developed kidney tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and more moderate LV hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. RLX and BM-MSCs combined provided optimal protection against these pathologies and significantly reduced picrosirius red-stained organ fibrosis and MP2RAGE analysis of LV fibrosis. A significant correlation between MP2RAGE analysis and histologically-stained interstitial LV fibrosis was detected. It was concluded that the MP2RAGE sequence enhanced the non-invasive CMRI detection of LV fibrosis. Furthermore, combining RLX and BM-MSCs may represent a promising treatment option for hypertensive cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brad R S Broughton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Karnas E, Dudek P, Zuba-Surma EK. Stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles as new tools in regenerative medicine - Immunomodulatory role and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120175. [PMID: 36761725 PMCID: PMC9902918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the practical use of stem cells (SCs) in the clinic has attracted significant attention in the regenerative medicine due to the ability of these cells to proliferate and differentiate into other cell types. However, recent findings have demonstrated that the therapeutic capacity of SCs may also be mediated by their ability to secrete biologically active factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such submicron circular membrane-enveloped vesicles may be released from the cell surface and harbour bioactive cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other regulatory factors. Notably, growing evidence has indicated that EVs may transfer their bioactive content into recipient cells and greatly modulate their functional fate. Thus, they have been recently envisioned as a new class of paracrine factors in cell-to-cell communication. Importantly, EVs may modulate the activity of immune system, playing an important role in the regulation of inflammation, exhibiting broad spectrum of the immunomodulatory activity that promotes the transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-regenerative environment in the site of tissue injury. Consequently, growing interest is placed on attempts to utilize EVs in clinical applications of inflammatory-related dysfunctions as potential next-generation therapeutic factors, alternative to cell-based approaches. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the biological properties of SC-derived EVs, with special focus on their role in the regulation of inflammatory response. We will also address recent findings on the immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative activity of EVs in several disease models, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical, as well as clinical studies. Finally, we will highlight the current perspectives and future challenges of emerging EV-based therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related diseases treatment.
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Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Danggui-Shaoyao-San against Diabetic Kidney Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:9208017. [PMID: 36636607 PMCID: PMC9831705 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9208017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been widely used to treat a variety of disorders, including renal diseases. Despite being well-established in clinical practice, the mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of DSS on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain elusive. Methods To explore the therapeutic mechanism, we explored the action mechanism of DSS on DN using network pharmacology strategies. All ingredients were selected from the relevant databases, and active ingredients were chosen on the basis of their oral bioavailability prediction and drug-likeness evaluation. The putative proteins of DSS were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, whereas the potential genes of DN were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Enrichment analysis using gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) was performed to discover possible hub targets and gene-related pathways. Afterwards, the underlying molecular mechanisms of DSS against DN were validated experimentally in vivo against db/db mice. Results We identified 91 phytochemicals using the comprehensive network pharmacology technique, 51 of which were chosen as bioactive components. There were 40 proteins and 20 pathways in the target-pathway network. The experimental validation results demonstrated that DSS may reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1, as well as extracellular matrix deposition, by blocking the JNK pathway activation, which protects against kidney injury. Conclusion This study discovered the putative molecular mechanisms of action of DSS against diabetic kidney damage through a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation.
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Al-Ghamdi S, Abu-Alfa A, Alotaibi T, AlSaaidi A, AlSuwaida A, Arici M, Ecder T, El Koraie AF, Ghnaimat M, Hafez MH, Hassan M, Sqalli T. Chronic Kidney Disease Management in the Middle East and Africa: Concerns, Challenges, and Novel Approaches. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2023; 16:103-112. [PMID: 37051319 PMCID: PMC10084934 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s363133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes, which increase the risk of developing CKD, is on the rise in the Middle East and Africa. The Middle East and Africa CKD (MEA-CKD) steering committee, comprising eminent healthcare specialists from the Middle East and Africa, was formed to identify and propose steps to address the gaps in the management of CKD in these regions. The current article lists the MEA-CKD steering committee meeting outcomes and evaluates the available evidence supporting the role of novel therapeutic options for patients with CKD. The need of the hour is to address the gaps in awareness and screening, early diagnosis, along with referral and management of patients at risk. Measures to bring about appropriate changes in healthcare policies to ensure access to all benefit-proven protective therapies, including novel ones, at community levels are also vital for reducing the overall burden of CKD on the healthcare system as well as governing bodies, especially in developing countries of the Middle East and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom Saudi of Arabia
| | - Ali Abu-Alfa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Turki Alotaibi
- Department of Transplant Nephrology, Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali AlSaaidi
- Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Nephrology and Transplantation Center, Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mustafa Arici
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ecder
- Department of Nephrology, Demiroglu Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmed F El Koraie
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed H Hafez
- Department of Nephrology and Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Mohamed Hassan, Department of Medical Affairs, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Tel +971 508187944, Email
| | - Tarik Sqalli
- Department of Nephrology, Moroccan Society of Nephrology, Casablanca, Morocco
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Ameer OZ. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: What lies behind the scene. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949260. [PMID: 36304157 PMCID: PMC9592701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a complexity of events that progress chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Multiple crosstalk mechanisms are involved in sustaining the inevitable high blood pressure (BP) state in CKD, and these play an important role in the pathogenesis of increased cardiovascular (CV) events associated with CKD. The present review discusses relevant contributory mechanisms underpinning the promotion of hypertension and their consequent eventuation to renal damage and CV disease. In particular, salt and volume expansion, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity, upregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and a range of mediators and signaling molecules which are thought to play a role in this concert of events are emphasized. As the control of high BP via therapeutic interventions can represent the key strategy to not only reduce BP but also the CV burden in kidney disease, evidence for major strategic pathways that can alleviate the progression of hypertensive kidney disease are highlighted. This review provides a particular focus on the impact of RAAS antagonists, renal nerve denervation, baroreflex stimulation, and other modalities affecting BP in the context of CKD, to provide interesting perspectives on the management of hypertensive nephropathy and associated CV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z. Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Omar Z. Ameer,
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Aoiadni N, Jdidi H, Feki AE, Fetoui H, Koubaa FG. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox dysfunction in nephrotoxicity induced by pyrethroid permethrin are ameliorated by flavonoid-rich fraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63973-63987. [PMID: 35469380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the potential anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective potential of ethyl acetate fraction extracted from Fumaria officinalis (EAF) against permethrin (PER). Male wistar rats were treated daily by gavage during 7 days as follows: group C: negative control rats received 2 mL/kg bw of corn oil, group EAF: positive control rats received EAF at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw dissolved in water, group PER: rats received PER at a dose of 34.05 mg/kg bw and group (PER + EAF): rats received PER (34.05 mg/kg bw) and EAF (200 mg/kg bw). In vitro study showed the ability of EAF to inhibit protein denaturation and heat-induced hemolysis confirming its anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, PER treatment decreased calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in plasma. It induced oxidative stress objectified by an increase in the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and a perturbation of antioxidant system in kidney and mitochondria. The activities of NADH-ubiquinone reductase, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase and cytochrome C oxidase activities were reduced. These alterations were confirmed by histopathological studies. Co-treatment with EAF improved the antioxidant status and mitochondrial bioenergetics. The nephroprotective effects of EAF could be attributed to its modulation of detoxification enzymes and/or free radical scavenging actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissaf Aoiadni
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia.
| | - Hajer Jdidi
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health.LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, 14 BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia
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The Sheep as a Large Animal Model for the Investigation and Treatment of Human Disorders. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091251. [PMID: 36138730 PMCID: PMC9495394 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We review the value of large animal models for improving the translation of biomedical research for human application, focusing primarily on sheep. Abstract An essential aim of biomedical research is to translate basic science information obtained from preclinical research using small and large animal models into clinical practice for the benefit of humans. Research on rodent models has enhanced our understanding of complex pathophysiology, thus providing potential translational pathways. However, the success of translating drugs from pre-clinical to clinical therapy has been poor, partly due to the choice of experimental model. The sheep model, in particular, is being increasingly applied to the field of biomedical research and is arguably one of the most influential models of human organ systems. It has provided essential tools and insights into cardiovascular disorder, orthopaedic examination, reproduction, gene therapy, and new insights into neurodegenerative research. Unlike the widely adopted rodent model, the use of the sheep model has an advantage over improving neuroscientific translation, in particular due to its large body size, gyrencephalic brain, long lifespan, more extended gestation period, and similarities in neuroanatomical structures to humans. This review aims to summarise the current status of sheep to model various human diseases and enable researchers to make informed decisions when considering sheep as a human biomedical model.
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Li Y, Ricardo SD, Samuel CS. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies with an Anti-Fibrotic Agent for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116035. [PMID: 35682717 PMCID: PMC9181689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 1 in 10 members of the general population, placing these patients at an increasingly high risk of kidney failure. Despite the significant burden of CKD on various healthcare systems, there are no effective cures that reverse or even halt its progression. In recent years, human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been recognised as a novel therapy for CKDs, owing to their well-established immunomodulatory and tissue-reparative properties in preclinical settings, and their promising safety profile that has been demonstrated in patients with CKDs from several clinical trials. However, renal fibrosis (scarring), a hallmark of CKD, has been shown to impair the viability and functionality of BM-MSCs post-transplantation. This has suggested that BM-MSCs might require a pre-treatment or adjunct therapy that can enhance the viability and therapeutic efficacy of these stromal cells in chronic disease settings. To address this, recent studies that have combined BM-MSCs with the anti-fibrotic drug serelaxin (RLX), have demonstrated the enhanced therapeutic potential of this combination therapy in normotensive and hypertensive preclinical models of CKD. In this review, a critical appraisal of the preclinical data available on the anti-fibrotic and renoprotective actions of BM-MSCs or RLX alone and when combined, as a treatment option for normotensive vs. hypertensive CKD, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Sharon D. Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
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12
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Matthews JR, Schlaich MP, Rakoczy EP, Matthews VB, Herat LY. The Effect of SGLT2 Inhibition on Diabetic Kidney Disease in a Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030522. [PMID: 35327323 PMCID: PMC8944990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic disorder characterized by elevated urine albumin excretion, reduced glomerular filtration rate, or both. At present, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are the standard care for the treatment of DKD, resulting in improved outcomes. However, alternative treatments may be required because although the standard treatments have been found to slow the progression of DKD, they have not been found to halt the disease. In the past decade, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been widely researched in the area of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and have been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes. SGLT2 inhibitors including canagliflozin and dapagliflozin have been shown to slow the progression of kidney disease. There is currently an omission of literature where three SGLT2 inhibitors have been simultaneously compared in a rodent diabetic model. After diabetic Akimba mice were treated with SGLT2 inhibitors for 8 weeks, there was not only a beneficial impact on the pancreas, signified by an increase in the islet mass and increased plasma insulin levels, but also on the kidneys, signified by a reduction in average kidney to body weight ratio and improvement in renal histology. These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibition promotes improvement in both pancreatic and kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rose Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.M.); (V.B.M.)
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Piroska Rakoczy
- Department of Molecular Ophthalmology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Vance Bruce Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.M.); (V.B.M.)
| | - Lakshini Yasaswi Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (J.R.M.); (V.B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9224-0239
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13
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Zhang D, Liu B, Jie X, Deng J, Lu Z, Lu F, Liu X. Uncovering Bupi Yishen Formula Pharmacological Mechanisms Against Chronic Kidney Disease by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761572. [PMID: 34867380 PMCID: PMC8634166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem with high morbidity and mortality, but the therapies remain limited. Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF) - a patent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula - has been proved to be effective for CKD treatment in a high-quality clinical trial. However, BYF’s underlying mechanism is unclear. Thus, we aimed to reveal BYF pharmacological mechanism against CKD by network pharmacology and experimental studies. Network pharmacology-based analysis of the drug-compound-target interaction was used to predict the potential pharmacological mechanism and biological basis of BYF. We performed a comprehensive study by detecting the expression levels of fibrotic and inflammatory markers and main molecules of candidate signal pathway in adenine-induced CKD rats and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells with the treatment of BYF by western blotting and RT-qPCR analyses. Using small interfering RNA, we assessed the effect of BYF on the TLR4-mediated NF-κB mechanism for CKD renal fibrosis and inflammation. Network pharmacology analysis results identified 369 common targets from BYF and CKD. Based on these common targets, the BYF intervention pathway was analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. We found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NF-κB signaling pathways were enriched. Then, we demonstrated that BYF significantly improved the adenine-induced CKD rat model condition by kidney dysfunction improvement and reversing renal fibrosis and inflammation. Subsequently, we investigated BYF’s effect on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We found that TLR4 and phospho-NF-κB (p-p65 and p-IKβα) expression was significantly upregulated in adenine-induced CKD rats, then partially downregulated by BYF. Furthermore, BYF inhibited fibrotic and inflammatory responses, as well as TLR4, p-p65, and p-IKβα in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Additionally, the BYF inhibitory effect on fibrosis and inflammation, and NF-κB pathway activation were significantly reduced in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells transfected with TLR4 siRNA. Altogether, these findings demonstrated that the suppression of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling was an important anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanism for BYF against CKD. It also provided a molecular basis for new CKD treatment drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingran Liu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xina Jie
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Deng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Gautam G, Parveen B, Umar Khan M, Sharma I, Kumar Sharma A, Parveen R, Ahmad S. A systematic review on nephron protective AYUSH drugs as constituents of NEERI-KFT (A traditional Indian polyherbal formulation) for the management of chronic kidney disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6441-6453. [PMID: 34764761 PMCID: PMC8568826 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major health problem characterized by kidney dysfunction with progressive segmental glomerulosclerosis to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to lack of scientific data and comprehensive reports, the current systematic review provides an inclusive understanding and prospective associated with phytopharmacology of NEERI-KFT in CKD. The data was collected from more than five databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, Springer, ACS publication etc using keywords like CKD/Kidney disease, epidemiology/prevalence, modern therapies for CKD management, NEERI-KFT and its role in kidney disease. The study was performed based on scientific reports screened by experts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pre-clinical and clinical findings suggested that NEERI-KFT has promising effects as nephroprotective and considered safe and well effective in primary care of kidney against disease. Phytopharmacological evaluation of NEERI-KFT suggest that it exhibit substantial potential against oxidative and inflammatory stress induced apoptosis by exerting antioxidants, nephroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Hence, it can be enlighten that NEERI-KFT have potential herbs which exerts significant antioxidants, nephroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in the patients associated with renal dysfunction or CKD thus improving altered renal architecture and renal physiology. Clinically, it is concluded that NEERI-KFT works kidney malfunction and cease ESRD progression or even reduce the number of dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gautam
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ikshit Sharma
- AIMIL Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, Saini Majra, Ropar Nalagarh Rd, Tehsil Nalagarh, Solan District, H.P 174101, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- AIMIL Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, Saini Majra, Ropar Nalagarh Rd, Tehsil Nalagarh, Solan District, H.P 174101, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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15
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Go G, Yoon YM, Yoon S, Lee G, Lim JH, Han SY, Lee SH. Melatonin Protects Chronic Kidney Disease Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells against Accumulation of Methylglyoxal via Modulation of Hexokinase-2 Expression. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 30:28-37. [PMID: 34261819 PMCID: PMC8724841 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are currently limited; therefore, there has been significant interest in applying mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy to treat CKD. However, MSCs harvested from CKD patients tend to show diminished viability and proliferation due to sustained exposure to uremic toxins in the CKD environment, which limits their utility for cell therapy. The application of melatonin has been demonstrated to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs derived from and engrafted to tissues in patients suffering from CKD, although the underlying biological mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we observed overexpression of hexokinase-2 (HK2) in serum samples of CKD patients and MSCs harvested from an adenine-fed CKD mouse model (CKD-mMSCs). HK2 upregulation led to increased production levels of methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic metabolic intermediate of abnormal glycolytic processes. The overabundance of HK2 and MG was associated with impaired mitochondrial function and low cell proliferation in CKD-mMSCs. Melatonin treatment inhibited the increases in HK2 and MG levels, and further improved mitochondrial function, glycolytic metabolism, and cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that identifying and characterizing metabolic regulators such as HK2 in CKD may improve the efficacy of MSCs for treating CKD and other kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongyun Go
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gaeun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea.,Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.,Stembio Ltd., Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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16
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Hoel A, Osman T, Hoel F, Elsaid H, Chen T, Landolt L, Babickova J, Tronstad KJ, Lorens JB, Gausdal G, Marti HP, Furriol J. Axl-inhibitor bemcentinib alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in the unilateral ureter obstruction murine model. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7407-7417. [PMID: 34219376 PMCID: PMC8335678 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a progressive histological manifestation leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In previous work, we showed that Bemcentinib, an Axl receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduced fibrosis development. In this study, to investigate its effects on mitochondrial dysfunction in renal fibrosis, we analysed genome‐wide transcriptomics data from a unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) murine model in the presence or absence of bemcentinib (n = 6 per group) and SHAM‐operated (n = 4) mice. Kidney ligation resulted in dysregulation of mitochondria‐related pathways, with a significant reduction in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), citric acid cycle (TCA), response to reactive oxygen species and amino acid metabolism‐related genes. Bemcentinib treatment increased the expression of these genes. In contrast, AKT/PI3K signalling pathway genes were up‐regulated upon UUO, but bemcentinib largely inhibited their expression. At the functional level, ligation reduced mitochondrial biomass, which was increased upon bemcentinib treatment. Serum metabolomics analysis also showed a normalizing amino acid profile in UUO, compared with SHAM‐operated mice following bemcentinib treatment. Our data suggest that mitochondria and mitochondria‐related pathways are dramatically affected by UUO surgery and treatment with Axl‐inhibitor bemcentinib partially reverses these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Hoel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarig Osman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fredrik Hoel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hassan Elsaid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tony Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lea Landolt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janka Babickova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - James B Lorens
- BerGenBio ASA, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Lee SK, Lee J, Jang S, Lee E, Jeon CY, Lim KS, Jin YB, Choi J. Renal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Healthy Dogs: Reproducibility, Test-Retest Repeatability, and Selection of the Optimal b-value Combination. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:641971. [PMID: 34277748 PMCID: PMC8282824 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.641971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging can evaluate alterations in the microstructure of the kidney. The purpose of this study was to assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the intravoxel incoherent motion model (IVIM) parameters of a normal kidney in healthy dogs, to evaluate the effect of b-value combinations on the ADC value, and the reproducibility and test-retest repeatability in monoexponential and IVIM analysis. In this experimental study, the ADC, pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f p) were measured from both kidneys in nine healthy beagles using nine b-values (b = 0, 50, 70, 100, 150, 200, 500, 800, and 1,000 s/mm2) twice with a 1-week interval between measurements. Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility, and test-retest repeatability of the measurements were calculated. ADC values were measured using 10 different b-value combinations consisting of three b-values each, and were compared to the ADC obtained from nine b-values. All the ADC, D, D*, and f p values measured from the renal cortex, medulla, and the entire kidney had excellent interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility, and test-retest repeatability. The ADC obtained from a b-value combination of 0, 100, and 800 s/mm2 had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient with the ADC from nine b-values. The results of this study indicated that DWI MRI using multiple b-values is feasible for the measurement of ADC and IVIM parameters with high reproducibility and repeatability in the kidneys of healthy dogs. A combination of b = 0, 100, and 800 s/mm2 can be used for ADC measurements when multiple b-values are not available in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kwon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Juryeoung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seolyn Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seoub Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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18
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Nowak N, Yamanouchi M, Satake E. The Nephroprotective Properties of Extracellular Vesicles in Experimental Models of Chronic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:902-932. [PMID: 34110587 PMCID: PMC8942930 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapy was hypothesized as a promising regenerative approach which has led to intensive research of EVs in various pathologies. In this study, we performed a comprehensive systematic review of the current experimental evidence regarding the protective properties of EVs in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the EV-based experiments, EV characteristics, and effector molecules with their involvement in CKD pathways. Including all animal records with available creatinine or urea data, we performed a stratified univariable meta-analysis to assess the determinants of EV-based therapy effectiveness. We identified 35 interventional studies that assessed nephroprotective role of EVs and catalogued them according to their involvement in CKD mechanism. Systematic assessment of these studies suggested that EVs had consistently improved glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and cell damage, among different CKD models. Moreover, EV-based therapy reduced the progression of renal decline in CKD. The stratified analyses showed that the disease model, administered dose, and time of therapeutic intervention were potential predictors of therapeutic efficacy. Together, EV therapy is a promising approach for CKD progression in experimental studies. Further standardisation of EV-methods, continuous improvement of the study quality, and better understanding of the determinants of EV effectiveness will facilitate preclinical research, and may help development of clinical trials in people with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Masayuki Yamanouchi
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Toranomon Hospital, Nephrology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Satake
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, USA
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19
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Stehle D, Xu MZ, Schomber T, Hahn MG, Schweda F, Feil S, Kraehling JR, Eitner F, Patzak A, Sandner P, Feil R, Bénardeau A. Novel soluble guanylyl cyclase activators increase glomerular cGMP, induce vasodilation and improve blood flow in the murine kidney. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2476-2489. [PMID: 34096053 PMCID: PMC9292672 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Generation of cGMP via NO-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) has been implicated in the regulation of renal functions. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with decreased NO bioavailability, increased oxidative stress and oxidation of sGC to its haem-free form, apo-sGC. Apo-sGC cannot be activated by NO, resulting in impaired cGMP signalling that is associated with chronic kidney disease progression. We hypothesised that sGC activators, which activate apo-sGC independently of NO, increase renal cGMP production under conditions of oxidative stress, thereby improving renal blood flow (RBF) and kidney function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two novel sGC activators, runcaciguat and BAY-543, were tested on murine kidney. We measured cGMP levels in real time in kidney slices of cGMP sensor mice, vasodilation of pre-constricted glomerular arterioles and RBF in isolated perfused kidneys. Experiments were performed at baseline conditions, under L-NAME-induced NO deficiency, and in the presence of oxidative stress induced by ODQ. KEY RESULTS Mouse glomeruli showed NO-induced cGMP increases. Under baseline conditions, sGC activator did not alter glomerular cGMP concentration or NO-induced cGMP generation. In the presence of ODQ, NO-induced glomerular cGMP signals were markedly reduced, whereas sGC activator induced strong cGMP increases. L-NAME and ODQ pretreated isolated glomerular arterioles were strongly dilated by sGC activator. sGC activator also increased cGMP and RBF in ODQ-perfused kidneys. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION sGC activators increase glomerular cGMP, dilate glomerular arterioles and improve RBF under disease-relevant oxidative stress conditions. Therefore, sGC activators represent a promising class of drugs for chronic kidney disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stehle
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Min Ze Xu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Schomber
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan R Kraehling
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnès Bénardeau
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Cardio-Renal Biology, Måløv, Denmark
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20
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Nicholson RJ, Ramkumar N, Summers SA. Gain of 'FAOnction', Loss of Fibrosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:333-334. [PMID: 33773899 PMCID: PMC8947942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research by Miguel et al. and Dhillon et al. reveals associations between impaired lipid metabolism and kidney fibrosis. Kidney tubule fatty acid oxidation (FAO) gain-of-function in mouse models of kidney disease stimulated cellular respiration, mitochondrial dynamics, and tubular epithelial cell (TEC) differentiation, while upregulation of FAO in kidney tubules provided protection from kidney fibrosis and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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21
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HCV Infection and Chronic Renal Disease. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is defined as persistence of HCV RNA in the blood for more than six months. HCV is a major cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It’s serious public health problem, affects about 71 million people worldwide. HCV doesn’t destroy hepatocytes directly. It activates the host's innate and acquired immune system and causes liver injury indirectly. Behind hepatic, HCV can cause extra-hepatic manifestations. One of them is renal disease which can lead to end-stage renal disease, ESRD. The prevalence of HCV infection in patients on hemodialysis is high, ranging from 5% to 60%. HCV infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis. In this review, we discuss HCV infection and chronic renal disease as comorbidities, their severity and outcome.
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22
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Li J, Liu L, Zhou W, Cai L, Xu Z, Rane MJ. Roles of Krüppel-like factor 5 in kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2342-2355. [PMID: 33523554 PMCID: PMC7933973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the Krüppel-like factors' (KLFs) family. KLF5 regulates a number of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, KLF5 can play a role in many diseases, including, cancer, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disorders. An important role for KLF5 in the kidney was recently reported, such that KLF5 regulated podocyte apoptosis, renal cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis. In this review, we have summarized the available information in the literature with a brief description on how transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of KLF5 modulate its function in a variety of organs including the kidney with a focus of its importance on the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Furthermore, we also have outlined the current and possible mechanisms of KLF5 activation in kidney diseases. These studies suggest a need for more systemic investigations, particularly for generation of animal models with renal cell-specific deletion or overexpression of KLF5 gene to examine direct contributions of KLF5 to various kidney diseases. This will promote further experimentation in the development of therapies to prevent or treat various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of RadiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wen‐Qian Zhou
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- The Center of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zhong‐Gao Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Madhavi J. Rane
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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Mosenzon O, Bain SC, Heerspink HJL, Idorn T, Mann JFE, Persson F, Pratley RE, Rasmussen S, Rossing P, von Scholten BJ, Raz I. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes by baseline albuminuria status and renal function: Results from the LEADER randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2077-2088. [PMID: 32618386 PMCID: PMC7689857 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess cardiorenal outcomes by baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the contemporary LEADER cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS LEADER was a multinational, double-blind trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular (CV) risk were randomized 1:1 to the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide (≤1.8 mg daily; n = 4668) or placebo (n = 4672) plus standard care and followed for 3.5 to 5 years. Primary composite outcomes were time to first non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or CV death. Post hoc Cox regression analyses of outcomes by baseline UACR and eGFR subgroups were conducted with adjustment for baseline variables. RESULTS In the LEADER population, 1598 (17.5%), 2917 (31.9%), 1200 (13.1%), 1611 (17.6%), 845 (9.2%) and 966 (10.6%) had UACR = 0, >0 to <15, 15 to <30, 30 to <100, 100 to <300 and ≥300 mg/g, respectively. Increasing UACR and decreasing eGFR were linked with higher risks of the primary outcome, heart failure hospitalization, a composite renal outcome and death (P-values for the Cochran-Armitage test for trends were all <.0001). Across UACR and eGFR subgroups, risks of cardiorenal events and death were generally lower or similar with liraglutide versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS In a contemporary type 2 diabetes population, increasing baseline UACR and declining eGFR were linked with higher risks of cardiorenal events and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofri Mosenzon
- Diabetes UnitHadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Hiddo J. L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyAustralia
| | | | - Johannes F. E. Mann
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of ErlangenErlangenGermany
- KfH Kidney CenterMunichGermany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes UnitHadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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24
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Groopman EE, Povysil G, Goldstein DB, Gharavi AG. Rare genetic causes of complex kidney and urological diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:641-656. [PMID: 32807983 PMCID: PMC7772719 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although often considered a single-entity, chronic kidney disease (CKD) comprises many pathophysiologically distinct disorders that result in persistently abnormal kidney structure and/or function, and encompass both monogenic and polygenic aetiologies. Rare inherited forms of CKD frequently span diverse phenotypes, reflecting genetic phenomena including pleiotropy, incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Use of chromosomal microarray and massively parallel sequencing technologies has revealed that genomic disorders and monogenic aetiologies contribute meaningfully to seemingly complex forms of CKD across different clinically defined subgroups and are characterized by high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Investigations of prevalent genomic disorders in CKD have integrated genetic, bioinformatic and functional studies to pinpoint the genetic drivers underlying their renal and extra-renal manifestations, revealing both monogenic and polygenic mechanisms. Similarly, massively parallel sequencing-based analyses have identified gene- and allele-level variation that contribute to the clinically diverse phenotypes observed for many monogenic forms of nephropathy. Genome-wide sequencing studies suggest that dual genetic diagnoses are found in at least 5% of patients in whom a genetic cause of disease is identified, highlighting the fact that complex phenotypes can also arise from multilocus variation. A multifaceted approach that incorporates genetic and phenotypic data from large, diverse cohorts will help to elucidate the complex relationships between genotype and phenotype for different forms of CKD, supporting personalized medicine for individuals with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Groopman
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gundula Povysil
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Pereira Cabral B, Bonventre JV, Wieringa F, Mota FB. Probing expert opinions on the future of kidney replacement therapies. Artif Organs 2020; 45:79-87. [PMID: 32697860 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with kidney failure can only survive with some form of kidney replacement (transplant or dialysis). Unfortunately, innovations in kidney replacement therapy lag behind many other medical fields. This study compiles expert opinions on candidate technologies for future kidney replacement therapies. A worldwide web-based survey was conducted with 1566 responding experts, identified from scientific publications on kidney (renal) replacement therapy, indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (period 2014-2019). Candidate innovative approaches were categorized in line with the Kidney Health Initiative roadmap for innovative kidney replacement therapies. Most respondents expected a revolution in kidney replacement therapies: 68.59% before 2040 and 24.85% after 2040, while 6.56% expected none. Approaches anticipated as most likely were implantable artificial kidneys (38.6%) and wearable artificial kidneys (32.4%). A majority of experts expect that kidney replacement therapies can be significantly improved by innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Pereira Cabral
- Department of Economics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Centre for Strategic Studies, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fokko Wieringa
- Imec, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Dutch Kidney Foundation, Bussum, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Batista Mota
- Centre for Strategic Studies, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Zhang J, Muise ES, Han S, Kutchukian PS, Costet P, Zhu Y, Kan Y, Zhou H, Shah V, Huang Y, Saigal A, Akiyama TE, Shen XL, Cai TQ, Shah K, Carballo-Jane E, Zycband E, Yi L, Tian Y, Chen Y, Imbriglio J, Smith E, Devito K, Conway J, Ma LJ, Hoek M, Sebhat IK, Peier AM, Talukdar S, McLaren DG, Previs SF, Jensen KK, Pinto S. Molecular Profiling Reveals a Common Metabolic Signature of Tissue Fibrosis. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100056. [PMID: 33205063 PMCID: PMC7659620 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, or the accumulation of extracellular matrix, is a common feature of many chronic diseases. To interrogate core molecular pathways underlying fibrosis, we cross-examine human primary cells from various tissues treated with TGF-β, as well as kidney and liver fibrosis models. Transcriptome analyses reveal that genes involved in fatty acid oxidation are significantly perturbed. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and acylcarnitine accumulation are found in fibrotic tissues. Substantial downregulation of the PGC1α gene is evident in both in vitro and in vivo fibrosis models, suggesting a common node of metabolic signature for tissue fibrosis. In order to identify suppressors of fibrosis, we carry out a compound library phenotypic screen and identify AMPK and PPAR as highly enriched targets. We further show that pharmacological treatment of MK-8722 (AMPK activator) and MK-4074 (ACC inhibitor) reduce fibrosis in vivo. Altogether, our work demonstrate that metabolic defect is integral to TGF-β signaling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Eric S Muise
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Seongah Han
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Peter S Kutchukian
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Philippe Costet
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yanqing Kan
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Vinit Shah
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yongcheng Huang
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ashmita Saigal
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Taro E Akiyama
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xiao-Lan Shen
- Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Tian-Quan Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kashmira Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ester Carballo-Jane
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Emanuel Zycband
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Lan Yi
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of PPDM, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Jason Imbriglio
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kristine Devito
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - James Conway
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Iyassu K Sebhat
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Andrea M Peier
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - David G McLaren
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stephen F Previs
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kristian K Jensen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Shirly Pinto
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.,Kallyope Inc., 430 E 29 Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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27
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Rajani A, Sahay M, Bhattacharyya A, Amar A. Renal outcomes with the newer antidiabetes drugs: the era before and after CREDENCE. Diabet Med 2020; 37:593-601. [PMID: 32012347 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration provided guidance for the evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of antidiabetes drugs. The newer antidiabetes drugs, approved after 2008, were therefore evaluated in long-term cardiovascular outcome trials, designed and powered for the assessment of cardiovascular safety. Accordingly, the primary endpoint of these trials was a cardiac composite endpoint. Since 2008, the data from various cardiovascular outcome trials have been reported, including SAVOR-TIMI 53 (saxagliptin), EXAMINE (alogliptin), TECOS (sitagliptin), CARMELINA (linagliptin), CAROLINA (linagliptin), ELIXA (lixisenatide), LEADER (liraglutide), EXSCEL (exenatide once-weekly), SUSTAIN-6 (injectable semaglutide), HARMONY Outcomes (albiglutide), REWIND (dulaglutide), PIONEER-6 (oral semaglutide), EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin), the CANVAS Program (canagliflozin) and DECLARE-TIMI 53 (dapagliflozin). Some of these trials subsequently also published data on renal outcomes, although these were secondary or exploratory analyses. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists had beneficial effects on albuminuria, while sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors additionally showed a positive effect on 'hard' renal outcomes. In contrast to the cardiovascular outcome trials, the renal outcome trial of canagliflozin, CREDENCE, assessed a hard renal endpoint as its primary endpoint and showed positive effects on these hard renal outcomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the renal outcome data from the cardiovascular outcome trials and the CREDENCE trial and understand the differences between their results. The post CREDENCE era would appear to reinforce the position of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as drugs providing cardiorenal protection, in addition to their anti-glycaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajani
- Janssen India Medical Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Private Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - M Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Amar
- Janssen India Medical Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Private Ltd, Mumbai, India
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28
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Soltani S, Jayedi A. Adherence to healthy dietary pattern and risk of kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:267-279. [PMID: 32138628 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that adherence to healthy dietary patterns may be associated with a lower risk of decline in kidney function. However, existing evidence has not been quantitatively gathered. Pertinent observational studies investigating the association of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, either priori-defined dietary pattern/indices or data-driven dietary patterns, with risk of kidney disease in the general population were identified by searching Medline and Scopus databases to May 28, 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied. The analysis included eight prospective cohorts (5734 cases among 569,688 participants) and five cross-sectional studies (1955 cases among 16,614 participants). Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (either priori-defined or data-driven dietary patterns) was associated with a 28% lower risk of kidney disease in the analysis of prospective cohort studies (RR = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.58, 0.86; I2 = %71, n = 8). A subgroup analysis based on definition of healthy dietary pattern resulted in significant inverse association only in the subgroup of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern (RR: 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.54, 0.93; I2 = 73%, n = 5). A dose-response analysis indicated a monotonic inverse association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern with risk of kidney disease. A 32% lower risk was observed in the analysis of cross-sectional studies (OR: 0.68, 95 %CI: 0.53, 0.83, I2 = 0%, n = 5). The findings suggest that higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Soltani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Raina R, Chauvin A, Chakraborty R, Nair N, Shah H, Krishnappa V, Kusumi K. The Role of Endothelin and Endothelin Antagonists in Chronic Kidney Disease. KIDNEY DISEASES 2019; 6:22-34. [PMID: 32021871 DOI: 10.1159/000504623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelins (ET) are a family of peptides that act as potent vasoconstrictors and pro-fibrotic growth factors. ET-1 is integral to renal and cardiovascular pathophysiology and exerts effects via autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling pathways tied to regulation of aldosterone, catecholamines, and angiotensin. In the kidney, ET-1 is critical to maintaining renal perfusion and controls glomerular arteriole tone and hemodynamics. It is hypothesized that ET-1 influences the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the objective of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology, and role of ET and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in CKD. Summary The use of ERAs in hypertensive nephropathy has the potential to decrease proteinuria, and in diabetic nephropathy has the potential to restore glycocalyx thickness, also decreasing proteinuria. Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis has no specific Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy currently, however, ERAs show promise in decreasing proteinuria and slowing tissue damage. ET-1 is a potential biomarker for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression and so it is thought that ERAs may be of some therapeutic benefit. Key Messages Multiple studies have shown the utility of ERAs in CKD. These agents have shown to reduce blood pressure, proteinuria, and arterial stiffness. However, more clinical trials are needed, and the results of active or recently concluded studies are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Raina
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Akron General/Akron Nephrology Associates, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ronith Chakraborty
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Akron General/Akron Nephrology Associates, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikhil Nair
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Haikoo Shah
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Vinod Krishnappa
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Akron General/Akron Nephrology Associates, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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30
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Mocker A, Hilgers KF, Cordasic N, Wachtveitl R, Menendez-Castro C, Woelfle J, Hartner A, Fahlbusch FB. Renal Chemerin Expression is Induced in Models of Hypertensive Nephropathy and Glomerulonephritis and Correlates with Markers of Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246240. [PMID: 31835675 PMCID: PMC6941130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin and its receptor, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CmklR1), are associated with chemotaxis, inflammation, and endothelial function, especially in metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. In humans, circulating chemerin levels and renal function show an inverse relation. So far, little is known about the potential role of chemerin in hypertensive nephropathy and renal inflammation. Therefore, we determined systemic and renal chemerin levels in 2-kidney-1-clip (2k1c) hypertensive and Thy1.1 nephritic rats, respectively, to explore the correlation between chemerin and markers of renal inflammation and fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed a model-specific induction of chemerin expression at the corresponding site of renal damage (tubular vs. glomerular). In both models, renal expression of chemerin (RT-PCR, Western blot) was increased and correlated positively with markers of inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, circulating chemerin levels remained unchanged. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that renal chemerin expression is associated with processes of inflammation and fibrosis-related to renal damage. However, its use as circulating biomarker of renal inflammation seems to be limited in our rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mocker
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.M.); (C.M.-C.); (J.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Karl F. Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.F.H.); (N.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.F.H.); (N.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Rainer Wachtveitl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.F.H.); (N.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.M.); (C.M.-C.); (J.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.M.); (C.M.-C.); (J.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.M.); (C.M.-C.); (J.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Fabian B. Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.M.); (C.M.-C.); (J.W.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8533-118; Fax: +49-9131-8533-714
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31
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Čertíková Chábová V, Kujal P, Vaňourková Z, Škaroupková P, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Tesař V, Hammock B, Imig J, Maxová H, Červenka L, Vaněčková I. Addition of Endothelin A-Receptor Blockade Spoils the Beneficial Effect of Combined Renin-Angiotensin and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: Studies on the Course of Chronic Kidney Disease in 5/6 Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1493-1505. [PMID: 31770762 PMCID: PMC10107074 DOI: 10.1159/000504137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) after 5/6 renal ablation (5/6 NX) have shown that besides pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also increasing kidney tissue epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) levels by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for degradation of EETs, and endothelin type A (ETA) receptor blockade retards chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. This prompted us to evaluate if this progression will be alleviated by the addition of sEH inhibitor and ETA receptor antagonist to the standard complex blockade of RAS (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor plus angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker) in rats with established CKD. Methods: The treatment regimens were initiated 6 weeks after 5/6 NX in TGR, and the follow-up period was 60 weeks. Results: The addition of sEH inhibition to RAS blockade improved survival rate, further reduced albuminuria and renal glomerular and kidney tubulointerstitial injury, and attenuated the decline in creatinine clearance – all this as compared with 5/6 NX TGR treated with RAS blockade alone. Addition of ETA receptor antagonist to the combined RAS and sEH blockade not only offered no additional renoprotection but, surprisingly, also abolished the beneficial effects of adding sEH inhibitor to the RAS blockade. Conclusion: These data indicate that pharmacological strategies that combine the blockade of RAS and sEH could be a novel tool to combat the progression of CKD. Any attempts to further extend this therapeutic regimen should be made with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Čertíková Chábová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia,
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdeňka Vaňourková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - John Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hana Maxová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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Vaněčková I, Hojná S, Vernerová Z, Kadlecová M, Rauchová H, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Vaňourková Z, Červenka L, Zicha J. Renoprotection Provided by Additional Diuretic Treatment in Partially Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Rats Subjected to the Combined RAS and ET A Blockade. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1145. [PMID: 31620007 PMCID: PMC6759492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our previous study in heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) demonstrated that long-term treatment with endothelin receptor A (ETA) blocker atrasentan added to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade had renoprotective effects in a model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by partial nephrectomy. Since ETA blockade is known to cause edema, we were interested whether diuretic treatment added to this therapy would be beneficial. Design and Methods Partial nephrectomy (NX) was performed at the age of 3 months in TGR rats which were subjected to: (i) RAS blockade alone (angiotensin receptor blocker losartan and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril), (ii) combined RAS (losartan and trandolapril) and ETA receptor blockade (atrasentan), or (iii) diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) added to the combined RAS + ETA blockade for 50 weeks following NX. Results At the end of the study systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy were similarly decreased in all treated groups. Survival was significantly improved by ETA receptor blockade added to RAS blockade with no further effects of diuretic treatment. However, additional diuretic treatment combined with RAS + ETA blockade decreased body weight and had beneficial renoprotective effects - reductions of both kidney weight and kidney damage markers. Proteinuria gradually increased in rats treated with RAS blockade alone, while it was substantially lowered by additional ETA blockade. In rats treated with additional diuretic, proteinuria was progressively reduced throughout the experiment. Conclusion A diuretic added to the combined RAS and ETA blockade has late renoprotective effects in CKD induced by partial nephrectomy in Ren-2 transgenic rats. The diuretic improved: renal function (evaluated as proteinuria and creatinine clearance), renal morphology (kidney mass, glomerular volume), and histological markers of kidney damage (glomerulosclerosis index, tubulointerstitial injury).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vaněčková
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Silvie Hojná
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Vernerová
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Kadlecová
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Luděk Červenka
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Zicha
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin 1 and Its Diverse Roles as a Regulator of Extracellular Matrix in Fibrotic Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:683-699. [PMID: 31116066 PMCID: PMC6713974 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419851103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein that has diverse roles in regulating cellular processes important for the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We will present evidence for the importance of TSP1 control of latent transforming growth factor beta activation in renal fibrosis with an emphasis on diabetic nephropathy. Other functions of TSP1 that affect renal fibrosis, including regulation of inflammation and capillary density, will be addressed. Emerging roles for TSP1 N-terminal domain regulation of collagen matrix assembly, direct effects of TSP1-collagen binding, and intracellular functions of TSP1 in mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, which could potentially affect renal fibrogenesis, will also be discussed. Finally, we will address possible strategies for targeting TSP1 functions to treat fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Huangqi-Danshen Decoction Ameliorates Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9574045. [PMID: 30713579 PMCID: PMC6332985 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9574045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. However, the therapies remain limited. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treating kidney disease for thousands of years and is an effective alternative treatment for CKD patients in China and other Asian countries. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Huangqi-Danshen decoction (HDD), a TCM herbal decoction, on treating CKD. CKD rat model was induced by adding 0.75% adenine to the diet for 4 weeks. HDD extract was administrated orally to CKD rats at the dose of 4.7 g/kg/d for consecutive 4 weeks in adenine-induced CKD rats. Kidney function was evaluated by the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The proteins expression of renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dynamics were determined and quantified by Western blot analysis. CKD rats showed obvious decline in renal function as evidenced by increased levels of Scr and BUN, which were blunted by HDD treatment. HDD could also improve tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of CKD rats. Moreover, HDD downregulated fibronectin, type IV collagen, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, mitochondrial dynamics was disturbed in CKD rats, which manifested as increased mitochondrial fission and decreased mitochondrial fusion. HDD treatment restored mitochondrial dynamics in CKD rats by repressing dynamin-related protein 1 and Mid 49/51 expression, promoting mitofusin 2 expression, and suppressing optic atrophy 1 proteolysis. In conclusion, HDD could significantly retard CKD progression through modulating mitochondrial dynamics.
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Liu B. Active vitamin D regulates macrophage M1/M2 phenotypes via the STAT-1-TREM-1 pathway in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6917-6926. [PMID: 30478987 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages phenotype activation is a key point in diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to investigate whether active vitamin D (VD) suppresses macrophage transition to the M1 phenotype via inhibiting the high glucose-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation to reduce TREM-1 expression. METHODS In vivo, pathological changes in kidney tissue were detected and the expression of CD68 TREM-1, STAT-1, M1 makers, and M2 makers were acquired in renal tissue of patients with DN and 18w DN rats. In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were incubated in the presence of high glucose with or without VD. Silencing and overexpression of TREM-1 and silencing and activate of STAT-1 were explored to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The expression of TREM-1 and STAT-1 and the changes of macrophage phenotype were examined separately by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS (a) Expression of TREM-1, p-STAT-1, and M1 markers (iNOS and TNF-α) were increased and positively correlated in kidneys from patients with DN. (b) In DN rats, the enlargement of glomerular surface area, expansion of glomerular mesangial matrix, the expression of CD68, TREM-1, p-STAT-1, and M1 marker (iNOS) were significantly increased in comparison with the normal control group, whereas above changes were markedly decreased in the diabetic group treated with the VD group. (c) In vitro, VD significantly decreased high glucose-induced CD68, TREM-1, p-STAT-1, and M1 marker (iNOS) expression. However, above-mentioned effects of VD are abolished when TREM-1 is overexpressed or STAT-1 is activated. Reductions in STAT-1 expression decreased the TREM-1 expression. CONCLUSION VD can inhibit macrophage transition to the M1 phenotype through the STAT-1/TREM-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuteng Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Bertelsen LB, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Mariager CØ, Lindhardt J, Laustsen C. Renal Energy Metabolism Following Acute Dichloroacetate and 2,4-Dinitrophenol Administration: Assessing the Cumulative Action with Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:105-109. [PMID: 30320210 PMCID: PMC6173791 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2018.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous patient groups receive >1 medication and as such represent a potential point of improvement in today's healthcare setup, as the combined or cumulative effects are difficult to monitor in an individual patient. Here we show the ability to monitor the pharmacological effect of 2 classes of medications sequentially, namely, 2,4-dinitrophenol, a mitochondrial uncoupler, and dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, both targeting the oxygen-dependent energy metabolism. We show that although the 2 drugs target 2 different metabolic pathways connected ultimately to oxygen metabolism, we could distinguish the 2 in vivo by using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging. A statistically significantly different pyruvate dehydrogenase flux was observed by reversing the treatment order of 2,4-dinitrophenol and dichloroacetate. The significance of this study is the demonstration of the ability to monitor the metabolic cumulative effects of 2 distinct therapeutics on an in vivo organ level using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Zhang X. Vitamin D suppresses macrophage infiltration by down-regulation of TREM-1 in diabetic nephropathy rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:44-52. [PMID: 29331667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the effect of active vitamin D (VD) on the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the renal tissues of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and to explore the impact of TREM-1 on macrophage adhesion and migration. We find that the expressions of TREM-1 and CD68 protein are higher in DN rats compared with rats in the normal control group and that these changes are decreased in the DN + VD group. In vitro, the capacity for macrophage adhesion and migration and the expression of TREM-1 are increased under high-glucose conditions, but VD inhibits this progress. TREM-1 siRNA decreases high-glucose-induced macrophage adhesion and migration, whereas over-expression of TREM-1 inhibits its action. However, VD cannot suppress high glucose-induced TREM-1 expression and macrophage adhesion and migration when TREM-1 is over-expressed. These results demonstrate that VD can suppress macrophage adhesion and migration by reducing the expression of TREM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuteng Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Formula Regulates Inflammatory Cytokines Production in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats via Suppression of NF-κB Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7203547. [PMID: 30108662 PMCID: PMC6077543 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7203547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) is a Chinese herbal decoction used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) for over 20 years with good efficiency. However, the mechanism lacks solid evidence. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that JPYSF may retard CKD progression via inhibition of inflammation in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) rat model. The 5/6 Nx rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: 5/6 Nx group and JPYSF group. Sham-operated rats served as control. JPYSF (2.06 g/kg/d) were administrated by gavage to 5/6 Nx rats daily for 6 weeks. Results showed that JPYSF treatment significantly improved kidney function and pathological injury in 5/6 Nx rats. Multiplex analysis of cytokines revealed that JPYSF reduced proinflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, JPYSF inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that JPYSF remarkably retards development and progression of CKD in a 5/6 Nx rat model, which may be associated with inhibition of inflammation via NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Sieber J, Wieder N, Clark A, Reitberger M, Matan S, Schoenfelder J, Zhang J, Mandinova A, Bittker JA, Gutierrez J, Aygün O, Udeshi N, Carr S, Mundel P, Jehle AW, Greka A. GDC-0879, a BRAF V600E Inhibitor, Protects Kidney Podocytes from Death. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:175-184.e4. [PMID: 29249695 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive kidney diseases affect approximately 500 million people worldwide. Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells of the kidney filter, the loss of which leads to disease progression and kidney failure. To date, there are no therapies to promote podocyte survival. Drug repurposing may therefore help accelerate the development of cures in an area of tremendous unmet need. In a newly developed high-throughput screening assay of podocyte viability, we identified the BRAFV600E inhibitor GDC-0879 and the adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin as podocyte-survival-promoting compounds. GDC-0879 protects podocytes from injury through paradoxical activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Forskolin promotes podocyte survival by attenuating protein biosynthesis. Importantly, GDC-0879 and forskolin are shown to promote podocyte survival against an array of cellular stressors. This work reveals new therapeutic targets for much needed podocyte-protective therapies and provides insights into the use of GDC-0879-like molecules for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sieber
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Abbe Clark
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Manuel Reitberger
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sofia Matan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jeannine Schoenfelder
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Juan Gutierrez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ozan Aygün
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Namrata Udeshi
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven Carr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Peter Mundel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Andreas Werner Jehle
- Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision medicine approaches, that tailor medications to specific individuals has made paradigm-shifting improvements for patients with certain cancer types. RECENT FINDINGS Such approaches, however, have not been implemented for patients with diabetic kidney disease. Precision medicine could offer new avenues for novel diagnostic, prognostic and targeted therapeutics development. Genetic studies associated with multiscalar omics datasets from tissue and cell types of interest of well-characterized cohorts are needed to change the current paradigm. In this review, we will discuss precision medicine approaches that the nephrology community can take to analyze tissue samples to develop new therapeutics for patients with diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gluck
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, 415 Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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