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Valea A, Nistor C, Ciobica ML, Sima OC, Carsote M. Endocrine Petrified Ear: Associated Endocrine Conditions in Auricular Calcification/Ossification (A Sample-Focused Analysis). Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1303. [PMID: 38928718 PMCID: PMC11202653 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Petrified ear (PE), an exceptional entity, stands for the calcification ± ossification of auricular cartilage (CAC/OAC); its pathogenic traits are still an open matter. Endocrine panel represents one of the most important; yet, no standard protocol of assessments is available. Our objective was to highlight most recent PE data and associated endocrine (versus non-endocrine) ailments in terms of presentation, imagery tools, hormonal assessments, biopsy, outcome, pathogenic features. This was a comprehensive review via PubMed search (January 2000-March 2024). A total of 75 PE subjects included: 46 case reports/series (N = 49) and two imagery-based retrospective studies (N = 26) with CAC/OAC prevalence of 7-23% (N = 251) amid routine head/temporal bone CT scans. Endocrine PE (EPE): N = 23, male/female ratio = 10.5; average age = 56.78, ranges: 22-79; non-EPE cohort: N = 26; male/female ratio = 1.88, mean age = 49.44; ranges: 18-75 (+a single pediatric case).The longest post-diagnosis follow-up was of 6-7 years. The diagnosis of PE and endocrine anomalies was synchronous or not (time gap of 10-20 years). A novel case in point (calcified EPE amid autoimmune poly-endocrine syndrome type 2 with a 10-year post-diagnosis documented follow-up) was introduced. We re-analyzed EPE and re-classified another five subjects as such. Hence, the final EPE cohort (N = 50) showed: adrenal insufficiency was the most frequent endocrine condition (36%) followed by hypopituitarism (22%) and hypothyroidism (18%); 39% of the patients with adrenal failure had Addison's disease; primary type represented 72% of all cases with hypothyroidism; an endocrine autoimmune (any type) component was diagnosed in 18%. We propose the term of "endocrine petrified ear" and a workflow algorithm to assess the potential hormonal/metabolic background in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valea
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Clinical County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai-Lucian Ciobica
- “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana-Claudia Sima
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011683 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mara Carsote
- “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011683 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Low Testosterone Level and Risk of Adverse Clinical Events among Male Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:3630429. [PMID: 36124237 PMCID: PMC9482512 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3630429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of low testosterone level is extremely common in male patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether the low circulating testosterone could independently predict adverse outcomes among male patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). The data till May 2022 were systematically searched from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase from inception. Studies meeting the PICOS (population, intervention/exposure, control/comparison, outcomes, and study design) principles were included in this meta-analysis. Study-specific effect estimates were pooled using fixed-effects (I2 > 50%) or random-effects models (I2 < 50%). Ultimately, 9 cohort studies covering 5331 patients with CKDs were involved in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that per 1-standard deviation (SD) decrease in total testosterone independently increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 27% [hazard risk (HR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.38], cardiovascular mortality by 100% (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.39–2.86), cardiovascular events by 20% (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.39), and infectious events by 41% (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.84). Besides, with per 1-SD decrease in free testosterone, the risk of overall adverse events increased by 66% (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.34–2.05). Stratified analyses indicated that the negative relationship of the total testosterone with all-cause death risk was independent of factors involving age, race, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and sex hormone binding globulin. In conclusion, it was identified that low endogenous testosterone could serve as an independent predictor of adverse clinical events among male patients with CKDs.
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Wang A, Li Z, Zhuo S, Gao F, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Ren G, Ma X. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With T2DM Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857952. [PMID: 35677689 PMCID: PMC9169967 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardiorenal protective effects regardless of whether they are combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their specific pharmacological mechanisms remain undetermined. Materials and Methods We used databases to obtain information on the disease targets of “Chronic Kidney Disease,” “Heart Failure,” and “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” as well as the targets of SGLT2 inhibitors. After screening the common targets, we used Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to construct SGLT2 inhibitors' regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network. The clusterProfiler R package was used to perform gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses on the target genes. Molecular docking was utilized to verify the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and core targets. Results Seven different SGLT2 inhibitors were found to have cardiorenal protective effects on 146 targets. The main mechanisms of action may be associated with lipid and atherosclerosis, MAPK signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were related. Docking of SGLT2 inhibitors with key targets such as GAPDH, MAPK3, MMP9, MAPK1, and NRAS revealed that these compounds bind to proteins spontaneously. Conclusion Based on pharmacological networks, this study elucidates the potential mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective. These key targets and pathways will provide new ideas for future studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of cardiorenal protection by SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Sun Zhuo
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaocan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochang Ma
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Khalid W, Maqbool Z, Arshad MS, Kousar S, Akram R, Siddeeg A, Ali A, Qin H, Aziz A, Saeed A, Rahim MA, Zubair Khalid M, Ali H. Plant-derived functional components: prevent from various disorders by regulating the endocrine glands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Safura Kousar
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramish Akram
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hina Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disease-related malnutrition has complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. It is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a devastating impact on morbidity and mortality. Given the rising numbers of patients diagnosed with CKD, disease-related malnutrition is an escalating clinical challenge. This review summarises current knowledge in relation to the development, screening and treatments for disease-related malnutrition in CKD. RECENT FINDINGS New research has identified other potential causes for the development of malnutrition in CKD, including changes in taste and smell, and effects of polypharmacy. Screening and assessment studies have investigated different tools in relation to the new Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Different modalities of low protein diets and the potential use of pre and probiotics are being explored. Furthermore, the importance of nutritional support, and possibly exercise during dialysis is being examined in terms of reducing anabolic resistance and catabolism. SUMMARY Further research is required to better understand the nuances of the pathophysiology of disease-related malnutrition in CKD. This work should inform not only consistent terminology and the application of assessment tools specific to disease-related malnutrition in CKD but also the development of novel interventions that reflect its multifaceted pathophysiology and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Reid
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Interconnection between Cardiac Cachexia and Heart Failure—Protective Role of Cardiac Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061039. [PMID: 35326490 PMCID: PMC8946995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia may be caused by congestive heart failure, and it is then called cardiac cachexia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac cachexia also worsens skeletal muscle degradation. Cardiac cachexia is the loss of edema-free muscle mass with or without affecting fat tissue. It is mainly caused by a loss of balance between protein synthesis and degradation, or it may result from intestinal malabsorption. The loss of balance in protein synthesis and degradation may be the consequence of altered endocrine mediators such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, melanocortin, growth hormone and neuropeptide Y. In contrast to many other health problems, fat accumulation in the heart is protective in this condition. Fat in the heart can be divided into epicardial, myocardial and cardiac steatosis. In this review, we describe and discuss these topics, pointing out the interconnection between heart failure and cardiac cachexia and the protective role of cardiac obesity. We also set the basis for possible screening methods that may allow for a timely diagnosis of cardiac cachexia, since there is still no cure for this condition. Several therapeutic procedures are discussed including exercise, nutritional proposals, myostatin antibodies, ghrelin, anabolic steroids, anti-inflammatory substances, beta-adrenergic agonists, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, cannabinoids, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors and pentoxifylline. However, to this date, there is no cure for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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