1
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Perez KM, Strobel KM, Hendrixson DT, Brandon O, Hair AB, Workneh R, Abayneh M, Nangia S, Hoban R, Kolnik S, Rent S, Salas A, Ojha S, Valentine GC. Nutrition and the gut-brain axis in neonatal brain injury and development. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151927. [PMID: 38897828 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Early nutritional exposures, including during embryogenesis and the immediate postnatal period, affect offspring outcomes in both the short- and long-term. Alterations of these modifiable exposures shape the developing gut microbiome, intestinal development, and even neurodevelopmental outcomes. A gut-brain axis exists, and it is intricately connected to early life feeding and nutritional exposures. Here, we seek to discuss the (1) origins of the gut-brain access and relationship with neurodevelopment, (2) components of human milk (HM) beyond nutrition and their role in the developing newborn, and (3) clinical application of nutritional practices, including fluid management and feeding on the development of the gut-brain axis, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. We conclude with a discussion on future directions and unanswered questions that are critical to provide further understanding and insight into how clinicians and healthcare providers can optimize early nutritional practices to ensure children not only survive, but thrive, free of neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle M Perez
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katie M Strobel
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - D Taylor Hendrixson
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Olivia Brandon
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Amy B Hair
- Division of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Redeat Workneh
- St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mahlet Abayneh
- St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sushma Nangia
- Department of Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rebecca Hoban
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kolnik
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sharla Rent
- Division of Neonatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Ariel Salas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Shalini Ojha
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory C Valentine
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America.
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2
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Suárez-Martínez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Yagüe-Guirao G, García-Marcos L, Ros G, Martínez-Graciá C. The Early Appearance of Asthma and Its Relationship with Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1471. [PMID: 39065238 PMCID: PMC11278858 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is, worldwide, the most frequent non-communicable disease affecting both children and adults, with high morbidity and relatively low mortality, compared to other chronic diseases. In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased in the pediatric population, and, in general, the risk of developing asthma and asthma-like symptoms is higher in children during the first years of life. The "gut-lung axis" concept explains how the gut microbiota influences lung immune function, acting both directly, by stimulating the innate immune system, and indirectly, through the metabolites it generates. Thus, the process of intestinal microbial colonization of the newborn is crucial for his/her future health, and the alterations that might generate dysbiosis during the first 100 days of life are most influential in promoting hypersensitivity diseases. That is why this period is termed the "critical window". This paper reviews the published evidence on the numerous factors that can act by modifying the profile of the intestinal microbiota of the infant, thereby promoting or inhibiting the risk of asthma later in life. The following factors are specifically addressed in depth here: diet during pregnancy, maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet, mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, and type of infant feeding during the first three months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suárez-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (G.Y.-G.); (G.R.)
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (G.Y.-G.); (G.R.)
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (G.Y.-G.); (G.R.)
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (G.Y.-G.); (G.R.)
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (G.Y.-G.); (G.R.)
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (G.Y.-G.); (G.R.)
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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3
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Vélez-Ixta JM, Juárez-Castelán CJ, Ramírez-Sánchez D, Lázaro-Pérez NDS, Castro-Arellano JJ, Romero-Maldonado S, Rico-Arzate E, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Salgado-Mancilla M, Gómez-Cruz CY, Krishnakumar A, Piña-Escobedo A, Benitez-Guerrero T, Pizano-Zárate ML, Cruz-Narváez Y, García-Mena J. Post Natal Microbial and Metabolite Transmission: The Path from Mother to Infant. Nutrients 2024; 16:1990. [PMID: 38999737 PMCID: PMC11243545 DOI: 10.3390/nu16131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The entero-mammary pathway is a specialized route that selectively translocates bacteria to the newborn's gut, playing a crucial role in neonatal development. Previous studies report shared bacterial and archaeal taxa between human milk and neonatal intestine. However, the functional implications for neonatal development are not fully understood due to limited evidence. This study aimed to identify and characterize the microbiota and metabolome of human milk, mother, and infant stool samples using high-throughput DNA sequencing and FT-ICR MS methodology at delivery and 4 months post-partum. Twenty-one mothers and twenty-five infants were included in this study. Our results on bacterial composition suggest vertical transmission of bacteria through breastfeeding, with major changes occurring during the first 4 months of life. Metabolite chemical characterization sheds light on the growing complexity of the metabolites. Further data integration and network analysis disclosed the interactions between different bacteria and metabolites in the biological system as well as possible unknown pathways. Our findings suggest a shared bacteriome in breastfed mother-neonate pairs, influenced by maternal lifestyle and delivery conditions, serving as probiotic agents in infants for their healthy development. Also, the presence of food biomarkers in infants suggests their origin from breast milk, implying selective vertical transmission of these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Vélez-Ixta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Carmen Josefina Juárez-Castelán
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Daniela Ramírez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Noemí Del Socorro Lázaro-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - José Javier Castro-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Silvia Romero-Maldonado
- Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios al Recién Nacido, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rico-Arzate
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Carlos Hoyo-Vadillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Marisol Salgado-Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Carlos Yamel Gómez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Aparna Krishnakumar
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Tizziani Benitez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Pizano-Zárate
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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4
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Brockway M. The role of antibiotic exposure and the effects of breastmilk and human milk feeding on the developing infant gut microbiome. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1408246. [PMID: 38903564 PMCID: PMC11187292 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1408246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life followed by complementary foods and sustained breastfeeding for at least 2 years, underscoring its pivotal role in reducing infant mortality and preventing various illnesses. This perspective delves into the intricate relationship between breastfeeding practices, early life antibiotic exposure, and infant gut microbiome development, highlighting their profound influence on child health outcomes. Antibiotics are extensively prescribed during pregnancy and childhood, disrupting the microbiome, and are related to increased risks of allergies, obesity, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Breastfeeding is a significant determinant of a healthier gut microbiome, characterized by higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and lower levels of potential pathogens. Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of breastfeeding, gaps persist in healthcare practices and support mechanisms, exacerbating challenges faced by breastfeeding families. This highlights the pressing need for comprehensive research encompassing breastfeeding behaviors, human milk intake, and their impact on infant health outcomes. Additionally, promoting awareness among healthcare providers and families regarding the detrimental effects of unnecessary formula supplementation could facilitate informed decision-making and bolster exclusive breastfeeding rates. Moreover, donor human milk (DHM) is a promising alternative to formula, potentially mitigating disruptions to the infant gut microbiome after antibiotic exposure. Overall, prioritizing breastfeeding support interventions and bridging research gaps are essential steps towards improving child health outcomes on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Brockway
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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5
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Guo W, Liu S, Khan MZ, Wang J, Chen T, Alugongo GM, Li S, Cao Z. Bovine milk microbiota: Key players, origins, and potential contributions to early-life gut development. J Adv Res 2024; 59:49-64. [PMID: 37423549 PMCID: PMC11081965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk is a significant substitute for human breast milk and holds great importance in infant nutrition and health. Apart from essential nutrients, bovine milk also contains bioactive compounds, including a microbiota derived from milk itself rather than external sources of contamination. AIM OF REVIEW Recognizing the profound impact of bovine milk microorganisms on future generations, our review focuses on exploring their composition, origins, functions, and applications. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Some of the primary microorganisms found in bovine milk are also present in human milk. These microorganisms are likely transferred to the mammary gland through two pathways: the entero-mammary pathway and the rumen-mammary pathway. We also elucidated potential mechanisms by which milk microbiota contribute to infant intestinal development. The mechanisms include the enhancing of the intestinal microecological niche, promoting the maturation of immune system, strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and interacting with milk components (e.g., oligosaccharides) via cross-feeding effect. However, given the limited understanding of bovine milk microbiota, further studies are necessary to validate hypotheses regarding their origins and to explore their functions and potential applications in early intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Z Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gibson M Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Wang F, Yu L, Ren Y, Zhang Q, He S, Zhao M, He Z, Gao Q, Chen J. An optimized culturomics strategy for isolation of human milk microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1272062. [PMID: 38495514 PMCID: PMC10940525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1272062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Viable microorganisms and a diverse microbial ecosystem found in human milk play a crucial role in promoting healthy immune system and shaping the microbial community in the infant's gut. Culturomics is a method to obtain a comprehensive repertoire of human milk microbiota. However, culturomics is an onerous procedure, and needs expertise, making it difficult to be widely implemented. Currently, there is no efficient and feasible culturomics method specifically designed for human milk microbiota yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and feasible culturomics method specifically designed for human milk microbiota. We obtained fresh samples of human milk from healthy Chinese mothers and conducted a 27-day enrichment process using blood culture bottles. Bacterial isolates were harvested at different time intervals and cultured on four different types of media. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, we identified a total of 6601 colonies and successfully obtained 865 strains, representing 4 phyla, 21 genera, and 54 species. By combining CBA and MRS media, we were able to cultivate over 94.4% of bacterial species with high diversity, including species-specific microorganisms. Prolonged pre-incubation in blood culture bottles significantly increased the number of bacterial species by about 33% and improved the isolation efficiency of beneficial bacteria with low abundance in human milk. After optimization, we reduced the pre-incubation time in blood culture bottles and selected optimal picking time-points (0, 3, and 6 days) at 37°C. By testing 6601 colonies using MALDI-TOF MS, we estimated that this new protocol could obtain more than 90% of bacterial species, reducing the workload by 57.0%. In conclusion, our new culturomics strategy, which involves the combination of CBA and MRS media, extended pre-incubation enrichment, and optimized picking time-points, is a feasible method for studying the human milk microbiota. This protocol significantly improves the efficiency of culturomics and allows for the establishment of a comprehensive repertoire of bacterial species and strains in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lingmin Yu
- YingTan City people’s Hospital, Yingtan, China
| | - Yuting Ren
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minlei Zhao
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhili He
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Hotgen Biotechnology Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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7
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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8
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Núñez-Delgado A, Mizrachi-Chávez VM, Welti-Chanes J, Macher-Quintana ST, Chuck-Hernández C. Breast milk preservation: thermal and non-thermal processes and their effect on microorganism inactivation and the content of bioactive and nutritional compounds. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1325863. [PMID: 38455872 PMCID: PMC10919153 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1325863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Breast Milk (HBM) is widely acknowledged as the best nutritional source for neonates. Data indicates that, in 2019, 83.2% of infants in the United States received breast milk at birth, slightly reducing to 78.6% at 1 month. Despite these encouraging early figures, exclusive breastfeeding rates sharply declined, dropping to 24.9% by 6 months. This decline is particularly pronounced when direct breastfeeding is challenging, such as in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and for working mothers. Given this, it is vital to explore alternative breast milk preservation methods. Technologies like Holder Pasteurization (HoP), High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurization (HTST), High-Pressure Processing (HPP), UV radiation (UV), and Electric Pulses (PEF) have been introduced to conserve HBM. This review aims to enhance the understanding of preservation techniques for HBM, supporting the practice of extended exclusive breastfeeding. It explicitly addresses microbial concerns, focusing on critical pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Cytomegalovirus, and explores how various preservation methods can mitigate these risks. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of retaining the functional elements of HBM, particularly its immunological components such as antibodies and enzymes like lysozyme and Bile Salt Stimulated Lipase (BSSL). The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of HBM treatment, critically assess existing practices, identify areas needing improvement, and advocate for extended exclusive breastfeeding due to its vital role in ensuring optimal nutrition and overall health in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Núñez-Delgado
- Tecnologico, de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- Tecnologico, de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
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9
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Becker M, Fehr K, Goguen S, Miliku K, Field C, Robertson B, Yonemitsu C, Bode L, Simons E, Marshall J, Dawod B, Mandhane P, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Rodriguez N, Aghaeepour N, Azad MB. Multimodal machine learning for modeling infant head circumference, mothers' milk composition, and their shared environment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2977. [PMID: 38316895 PMCID: PMC10844250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Links between human milk (HM) and infant development are poorly understood and often focus on individual HM components. Here we apply multi-modal predictive machine learning to study HM and head circumference (a proxy for brain development) among 1022 mother-infant dyads of the CHILD Cohort. We integrated HM data (19 oligosaccharides, 28 fatty acids, 3 hormones, 28 chemokines) with maternal and infant demographic, health, dietary and home environment data. Head circumference was significantly predictable at 3 and 12 months. Two of the most associated features were HM n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid C22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA; p = 9.6e-05) and maternal intake of fish (p = 4.1e-03), a key dietary source of DHA with established relationships to brain function. Thus, using a systems biology approach, we identified meaningful relationships between HM and brain development, which validates our statistical approach, gives credence to the novel associations we observed, and sets the foundation for further research with additional cohorts and HM analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Becker
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Kelsey Fehr
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Goguen
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | | | - Chloe Yonemitsu
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart E Turvey
- University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, V5Z4H4, Canada
| | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, M5S 1A8, Canada
- SickKids, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Natalie Rodriguez
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA.
| | - Meghan B Azad
- International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Canada.
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada.
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10
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Allert M, Ferretti P, Johnson KE, Heisel T, Gonia S, Knights D, Fields DA, Albert FW, Demerath EW, Gale CA, Blekhman R. Assembly, stability, and dynamics of the infant gut microbiome are linked to bacterial strains and functions in mother's milk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577594. [PMID: 38328166 PMCID: PMC10849666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of the gut microbiome in early life is critical for healthy infant development. Although human milk is recommended as the sole source of nutrition for the human infant, little is known about how variation in milk composition, and especially the milk microbiome, shapes the microbial communities in the infant gut. Here, we quantified the similarity between the maternal milk and the infant gut microbiome using 507 metagenomic samples collected from 195 mother-infant pairs at one, three, and six months postpartum. We found that the microbial taxonomic overlap between milk and the infant gut was driven by bifidobacteria, in particular by B. longum. Infant stool samples dominated by B. longum also showed higher temporal stability compared to samples dominated by other species. We identified two instances of strain sharing between maternal milk and the infant gut, one involving a commensal (B. longum) and one a pathobiont (K. pneumoniae). In addition, strain sharing between unrelated infants was higher among infants born at the same hospital compared to infants born in different hospitals, suggesting a potential role of the hospital environment in shaping the infant gut microbiome composition. The infant gut microbiome at one month compared to six months of age was enriched in metabolic pathways associated with de-novo molecule biosynthesis, suggesting that early colonisers might be more versatile and metabolically independent compared to later colonizers. Lastly, we found a significant overlap in antimicrobial resistance genes carriage between the mother's milk and their infant's gut microbiome. Taken together, our results suggest that the human milk microbiome has an important role in the assembly, composition, and stability of the infant gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattea Allert
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela Ferretti
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey E Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Heisel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sara Gonia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Frank W Albert
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl A Gale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Dinleyici M, Pérez-Brocal V, Arslanoglu S, Aydemir O, Sevuk Ozumut S, Tekin N, Vandenplas Y, Moya A, Dinleyici EC. Composition of Microbiota in Transient and Mature Human Milk: Significant Changes in Large for Gestational Age Group. Nutrients 2024; 16:208. [PMID: 38257101 PMCID: PMC10818272 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of the human milk (HM) microbiota and, consequently, the microorganisms that are passed on to the infant through breastfeeding, can be influenced by various factors such as the mother's health and diet, gestational age, delivery mode, lactation stage, method of infant feeding, and geographical location. The aim of the Human Milk-Gest Study was to compare the microbiota of transient (postpartum 7-15 days) and mature HM (postpartum 45-90 days) of 44 mothers, and to investigate any potential changes associated with preterm birth, mode of delivery, and birth weight in relation to gestational age. The data were classified into five study groups: normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T) newborns, cesarean delivery-term (CS-T) newborns, preterm (PT) newborns (with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA) newborns, and large for gestational age (LGA) newborns. An analysis of differential abundance was conducted using ANCOM-BC to compare the microbial genera between transient and mature HM samples as well as between other study groups. A significant difference was detected between HM samples at different sampling times and between the study groups (p < 0.01). In transient HM samples, Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, and Pelomonas were significantly dominant in the LGA group compared to the NS-T, CS-T, PT, and SGA groups. In mature HM samples, Burkholderiaceae_uc, Ralstonia, Pelomonas, and Klebsiella were significantly dominant in the LGA group compared to the NS-T, CS-T, and PT groups, while Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, and Pelomonas were significantly dominant in the LGA group compared to the SGA group. Differences were also detected between the transient and mature HM samples in the CS-T, PT, SGA, and LGA groups, but no differences occurred in the NS-T groups. In conclusion, we showed that Ralstonia, Burkholderiaceae_uc, and Pelomonas were significantly dominant in the LGA group in transient HM and continued in mature HM. The body mass index (BMI) of the mothers in the LGA group was not >30 at conception, however, the maternal BMI at birth and maternal weight gain during pregnancy were higher than in the other groups. The nutritional composition of HM is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. Evaluating the effects of HM microbiota on infant microbiota composition and short- and long-term health effects in larger studies would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Dinleyici
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Türkiye;
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.P.-B.)
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sertac Arslanoglu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Aydemir
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Türkiye; (O.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Sibel Sevuk Ozumut
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Neslihan Tekin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Türkiye; (O.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Unversiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.P.-B.)
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UVEG), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Türkiye
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12
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Samarra A, Flores E, Bernabeu M, Cabrera-Rubio R, Bäuerl C, Selma-Royo M, Collado MC. Shaping Microbiota During the First 1000 Days of Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:1-28. [PMID: 39060728 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Given that the host-microbe interaction is shaped by the immune system response, it is important to understand the key immune system-microbiota relationship during the period from conception to the first years of life. The present work summarizes the available evidence concerning human reproductive microbiota, and also, the microbial colonization during early life, focusing on the potential impact on infant development and health outcomes. Furthermore, we conclude that some dietary strategies including specific probiotics and other-biotics could become potentially valuable tools to modulate the maternal-neonatal microbiota during this early critical window of opportunity for targeted health outcomes throughout the entire lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Samarra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduard Flores
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernabeu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
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Koren O, Konnikova L, Brodin P, Mysorekar IU, Collado MC. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:35-45. [PMID: 38097774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal immune systems, focusing on the existing evidence and highlighting current gaps to promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Le Bras C, Rault L, Jacquet N, Daniel N, Chuat V, Valence F, Bellanger A, Bousarghin L, Blat S, Le Loir Y, Le Huërou-Luron I, Even S. Two human milk-like synthetic bacterial communities displayed contrasted impacts on barrier and immune responses in an intestinal quadricellular model. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad019. [PMID: 38415201 PMCID: PMC10897888 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The human milk (HM) microbiota, a highly diverse microbial ecosystem, is thought to contribute to the health benefits associated with breast-feeding, notably through its impact on infant gut microbiota. Our objective was to further explore the role of HM bacteria on gut homeostasis through a "disassembly/reassembly" strategy. HM strains covering the diversity of HM cultivable microbiota were first characterized individually and then assembled in synthetic bacterial communities (SynComs) using two human cellular models, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a quadricellular model mimicking intestinal epithelium. Selected HM bacteria displayed a large range of immunomodulatory properties and had variable effects on epithelial barrier, allowing their classification in functional groups. This multispecies characterization of HM bacteria showed no clear association between taxonomy and HM bacteria impacts on epithelial immune and barrier functions, revealing the entirety and complexity of HM bacteria potential. More importantly, the assembly of HM strains into two SynComs of similar taxonomic composition but with strains exhibiting distinct individual properties, resulted in contrasting impacts on the epithelium. These impacts of SynComs partially diverged from the predicted ones based on individual bacteria. Overall, our results indicate that the functional properties of the HM bacterial community rather than the taxonomic composition itself could play a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Le Bras
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, 35042, France
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Rennes-Saint Gilles, 35590, France
| | - Lucie Rault
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, 35042, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Latifa Bousarghin
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Rennes-Saint Gilles, 35590, France
| | - Sophie Blat
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Rennes-Saint Gilles, 35590, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, 35042, France
| | | | - Sergine Even
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, 35042, France
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15
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Alemu BK, Azeze GG, Wu L, Lau SL, Wang CC, Wang Y. Effects of maternal probiotic supplementation on breast milk microbiome and infant gut microbiome and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101148. [PMID: 37660760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The early-life microbiome is formed during the perinatal period and is critical for infants' lifelong health. This is established by maternal-infant microbiome crosstalk, which is mediated by the breast milk microbiome. The milk microbiome is dependent on the maternal gut microbiome, suggesting that it could potentially be restored through oral probiotic supplements. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the effect of maternal probiotic supplements on breast milk and infant gut microbiome composition and on infant health. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases were searched until December 15, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials following the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (population: pregnant or lactating women; intervention: probiotics; control: placebo or follow-up; outcome: breast milk and infant gut microbiome composition and infant health) principles were included. METHODS Using a random effect model, the standard mean difference, risk difference, and risk ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to measure each outcome. All analyses were conducted using the intention-to-treat approach. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. RESULTS The final data set included 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2761 mothers and 1756 infants. The overall effect of probiotics on the beneficial bacteria detection rate in breast milk had a risk difference of 24% (95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.37; P<.001; I2=91.12%). The pooled mean beneficial and pathogenic bacteria abundance in breast milk had a standard mean difference of 1.22 log10 colony forming units/mL (95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.97; P<.001; I2=95.51%) and -1.05 log10 colony forming unites/mL (95% confidence interval, -1.99 to -0.12; P=.03; I2=96.79%), respectively. The overall abundance of beneficial bacteria in the infant gut had a standard mean difference of 0.89 log10 colony forming units/g (95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.56; P=.01; I2=95.01%). It also controlled infant weight gain (standard mean difference, -0.49 kg/equivalent age; 95% confidence interval, -0.82 to -0.17; P<.001; I2=0.00%) and decreased the occurrence of infantile colic (risk ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.57; P<.001; I2=0.00%). CONCLUSION Maternal probiotic supplements effectively orchestrate the breast milk and infant gut microbiome with a wide range of clinical benefits and safety. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, and S. boulardii can be used as maternal supplements to promote infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekalu Kassie Alemu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang); Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia (Mr Alemu)
| | - Getnet Gedefaw Azeze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang); Department of Midwifery, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Ethiopia (Mr Azeze)
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang)
| | - So Ling Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang)
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang); Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Hong Kong SAR (Dr C Wang)
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang).
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16
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Bernabeu M, Gharibzahedi SMT, Ganaie AA, Macha MA, Dar BN, Castagnini JM, Garcia-Bonillo C, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Altintas Z, Barba FJ. The potential modulation of gut microbiota and oxidative stress by dietary carotenoid pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37691412 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2254383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the response to immune checkpoint therapy, therefore modulation of the microbiome with bioactive molecules like carotenoids might be a very effective strategy to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. This review highlights the bio-functional effect of carotenoids on Gut Microbiota modulation based on a bibliographic search of the different databases. The methodology given in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been employed for developing this review using papers published over two decades considering keywords related to carotenoids and gut microbiota. Moreover, studies related to the health-promoting properties of carotenoids and their utilization in the modulation of gut microbiota have been presented. Results showed that there can be quantitative changes in intestinal bacteria as a function of the type of carotenoid. Due to the dependency on several factors, gut microbiota continues to be a broad and complex study subject. Carotenoids are promising in the modulation of Gut Microbiota, which favored the appearance of beneficial bacteria, resulting in the protection of villi and intestinal permeability. In conclusion, it can be stated that carotenoids may help to protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium from pathogens and activate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bernabeu
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Vicerectorat de Recerca, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arsheed A Ganaie
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Basharat N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Juan M Castagnini
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Zeynep Altintas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
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17
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Wang K, Xia X, Sun L, Wang H, Li Q, Yang Z, Ren J. Microbial Diversity and Correlation between Breast Milk and the Infant Gut. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091740. [PMID: 37174279 PMCID: PMC10178105 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is significant for infants to grow and develop in the early stages of life. The breast milk microbiota directly or indirectly influences colonizing and the development of early infant intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we wanted to study the microbial diversity and correlation between breast milk and the infant gut. By sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions of microbiome in infant feces 1, 14, 20, 30, and 90 days after delivery as well as those in breast milk using Illumina NovaSeq, we studied the component of microbiome in both human milk and infant stools, analyzed the diversity of microbiota, and explored the relationship between them. We found that the richest bacteria in breast milk were Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingopyxis, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, with a small amount of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Klebsiella. The infant feces were abundant in Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Serratia, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus, with a small number of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Acinetobacter, Bifidobacterium, Klebsiella, and Lactobacillus appeared in the breast milk and infant feces, suggesting that they were transferred from the breast milk to the infant's gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiu Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Gupta R, Singla RK. Microbiota dysbiosis and myasthenia gravis: Do all roads lead to Rome? Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103313. [PMID: 36918089 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated immune system with a failure to recognize self from non-self-antigens is one of the common pathogeneses seen in autoimmune diseases. The complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is important for the occurrence and development of the disease. Among the environmental factors, disturbed gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) has recently attracted particular attention, especially with advancement in human microbiome research. Although the alterations in microbiota have been seen in various autoimmune diseases, including those of nervous system, there is paucity of information on neuromuscular system diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such rare autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction, and is caused by generation of pathogenic autoantibodies to components of the postsynaptic muscle endplate. In the recent years, accumulating evidences have endorsed the key role of host microbiota, particularly those of gut, in the pathogenesis of MG. Differential microbiota composition, characterized by increased abundance of Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, has been seen in MG patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Disturbance of microbiota composition, particularly reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, alter the gut permeability, subsequently triggering the immunological response. Resultant reduction in levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is another factor contributing to the immunological response in MG patients. Modulation of gut microbiota via intervention of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics (metabiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to be the futuristic approach for the management of MG. This review summarizes the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites (postbiotics) in the progression of MG. Also, various bacteriotherapeutic approaches involving gut microbiota are discussed for the prevention of MG progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
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19
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Rajesh V, Hegde A, Shetty V, Garg M, Kamath A, Ballal M, Mutreja A, Kumar V. Implications of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices on gastrointestinal health and antibiotic exposure: A questionnaire-based assessment. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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20
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Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human milk and act in tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels and distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, and weight, gestational age and mode of delivery. HMOs improve the gastrointestinal barrier and also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens the epithelial barrier, and creates immunomodulatory metabolites. HMOs fulfil a variety of physiologic functions including potential support to the immune system, brain development, and cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula with HMOs is safe and promotes a healthy development of the infant revealing benefits for microbiota composition and infection prevention. Because of limited data comparing the effect of non-human oligosaccharides to HMOs, it is not known if HMOs offer an additional clinical benefit over non-human oligosaccharides. Better knowledge of the factors influencing HMO composition and their functions will help to understand their short- and long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Dinleyici
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jana Barbieur
- UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Vrije Unversiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Vrije Unversiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Subramanian S, Geng H, Du C, Chou PM, Bu HF, Wang X, Swaminathan S, Tan SC, Ridlon JM, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. Feeding mode influences dynamic gut microbiota signatures and affects susceptibility to anti-CD3 mAb-induced intestinal injury in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G205-G218. [PMID: 35819158 PMCID: PMC9394775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00337.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Feeding modes influence the gut microbiome, immune system, and intestinal barrier homeostasis in neonates; how feeding modes impact susceptibility to neonatal gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is still uncertain. Here, we investigated the impact of dam feeding (DF) and formula feeding (FF) on features of the gut microbiome and physiological inflammation during the first 2 days of postnatal development and on the susceptibility to intestinal injury related to the inflammatory state in neonatal mouse pups. 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed microbiome changes, lower α-diversity, and a distinct pattern of β-diversity including expansion of f_Enterobacteriaceae and f_Enterococcaceae in the ileum of FF pups compared with DF pups by postnatal day (P)2. Together with gut dysbiosis, the FF cohort also had greater ileal mucosa physiological inflammatory activity compared with DF pups by P2 but maintained normal histological features. Interestingly, FF but not DF mouse pups developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like intestinal injury within 24 h after anti-CD3 mAb treatment, suggesting that FF influences the susceptibility to intestinal injury in neonates. We further found that NEC-like incidence in anti-CD3 mAb-treated FF neonatal pups was attenuated by antibiotic treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that FF predisposes mouse pups to anti-CD3 mAb-induced intestinal injury due to abnormal f_Enterobacteriaceae and f_Enterococcaceae colonization. These findings advance our understanding of FF-associated microbial colonization and intestinal inflammation, which may help inform the development of new therapeutic approaches to GI diseases like NEC in infants.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report shows that a feeding mode profoundly affects gut colonization in neonatal mice. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that formula feeding predisposes mouse pups to anti-CD3 mAb-induced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like intestinal injury upon inadequate microbial colonization. The study suggests the role of the combined presence of formula feeding-associated dysbiosis and mucosal inflammation in the pathogenesis of NEC and provides a new mouse model to study this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramanian
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hua Geng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chao Du
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pauline M Chou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heng-Fu Bu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephanie C Tan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Baskal S, Beckmann B, Stahmer L, Peter C, Bohnhorst B, Das AM, Tsikas D. Possible role of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in post-translational modifications in human breast milk during the neonatal period. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1611-1619. [PMID: 35976439 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We measured free and proteinic concentrations of native and modified amino acids from post-translational modifications (PTMs) and correlated them with the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the pellet and aqueous phases of human breast milk samples of ten lactating women during the neonatal period. SIRT1 and SIRT3 correlated directly with citrullination, asymmetric dimethylation and glycation of L-arginine, hydroxylation and glycation of L-lysine. SIRT1 and SIRT3 correlated inversely with the hydroxylation of L-proline. SIRT1 and SITR3 tended to correlate inversely with oxidative stress measured as malondialdehyde. Our study suggests that SIRT1 and SIRT3 may modulate PTMs in human breast milk cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Baskal
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bibiana Beckmann
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Stahmer
- Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Peter
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Bohnhorst
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anibh Martin Das
- Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Fu Y, He Y, Xiang K, Zhao C, He Z, Qiu M, Hu X, Zhang N. The Role of Rumen Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA)-Induced Inflammatory Diseases of Ruminants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1495. [PMID: 35893553 PMCID: PMC9332062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often leads to local inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, mastitis, endometritis and hepatitis. The mechanism by which SARA leads to inflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The gut microbiota is the totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have found that the gut microbiota is not only crucial to gastrointestinal health but also involved in a variety of disease processes, including metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to extraintestinal distal organs, such as the lung, liver and brain, through endogenous pathways, leading to related diseases. Combined with the literature, we believe that the dysbiosis of the rumen microbiota, the destruction of the rumen barrier and the dysbiosis of liver function in the pathogenesis of SARA lead to the entry of rumen bacteria and/or metabolites into the body through blood or lymphatic circulation and place the body in the "chronic low-grade" inflammatory state. Meanwhile, rumen bacteria and/or their metabolites can also migrate to the mammary gland, uterus and other organs, leading to the occurrence of related inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism by which SARA causes inflammatory diseases to obtain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of SARA and its related inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, it is also of great significance for the joint prevention and control of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (Y.H.); (K.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Q.)
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (Y.H.); (K.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Q.)
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24
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Selma-Royo M, Calvo-Lerma J, Bäuerl C, Esteban-Torres M, Cabrera-Rubio R, Collado MC. Human milk microbiota: what did we learn in the last 20 years? MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:19. [PMID: 38046359 PMCID: PMC10688795 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the gold standard for infant nutrition during the first months of life. Beyond its nutritional components, its complex bioactive composition includes microorganisms, their metabolites, and oligosaccharides, which also contribute to gut colonization and immune system maturation. There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of bacteria present in HM. However, current research presents limited data on the presence and functions of other organisms. The potential biological impacts on maternal and infant health outcomes, the factors contributing to milk microbes' variations, and the potential functions in the infant's gut remain unclear. This review provides a global overview of milk microbiota, what the actual knowledge is, and what the gaps and challenges are for the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia 46980, Spain
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25
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Caba-Flores MD, Ramos-Ligonio A, Camacho-Morales A, Martínez-Valenzuela C, Viveros-Contreras R, Caba M. Breast Milk and the Importance of Chrononutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867507. [PMID: 35634367 PMCID: PMC9133889 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy the human fetus receives timed cues from the circadian rhythms of temperature, metabolites, and hormones from the mother. This influence is interrupted after parturition, the infant does not secrete melatonin and their circadian rhythms are still immature. However, evolution provided the solution to this problem. The newborn can continue receiving the mother's timed cues through breastmilk. Colostrum, transitional, and mature human milk are extraordinary complex biofluids that besides nutrients, contain an array of other non-nutritive components. Upon birth the first milk, colostrum, is rich in bioactive, immunological factors, and in complex oligosaccharides which help the proper establishment of the microbiome in the gut, which is crucial for the infants' health. Hormones, such as glucocorticoids and melatonin, transfer from the mother's plasma to milk, and then the infant is exposed to circadian cues from their mother. Also, milk components of fat, proteins, amino acids, and endogenous cannabinoids, among others, have a markedly different concentration between day and night. In the present review, we give an overview of nutritive and non-nutritive components and their daily rhythms in human milk and explore their physiological importance for the infant. Finally, we highlight some interventions with a circadian approach that emphasize the importance of circadian rhythms in the newborn for their survival, proper growth, and development. It is estimated that ~600,000 deaths/year are due to suboptimal breastfeeding. It is advisable to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding, during the day and night, as was established by the evolution of our species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Ramos-Ligonio
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mario Caba
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26
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Liang G, Gao H, Bushman FD. The pediatric virome in health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:639-649. [PMID: 35550667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Associations between the global microbiome and diseases of children have been studied extensively; however, research on the viral component of the microbiome, the "virome," is less advanced. The analysis of disease associations with the virome is often technically challenging, requiring a close examination of the "virome dark matter." The gut is a particularly rich source of viral particles, and now multiple studies have reported intriguing associations of the virome with childhood diseases. For example, virome studies have elucidated new lineages of gut viruses that appear to be tightly associated with childhood diarrhea, and consistent patterns are starting to emerge from virome studies in pediatric IBD. In this review, we summarize the methods for studying the virome and recent research on the nature of the virome during childhood, focusing on specific studies of the intestinal virome in pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiang Liang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA.
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27
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Notarbartolo V, Giuffrè M, Montante C, Corsello G, Carta M. Composition of Human Breast Milk Microbiota and Its Role in Children's Health. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:194-210. [PMID: 35611376 PMCID: PMC9110848 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.3.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains a number of nutritional and bioactive molecules including microorganisms that constitute the so-called "Human Milk Microbiota (HMM)". Recent studies have shown that not only bacterial but also viral, fungal, and archaeal components are present in the HMM. Previous research has established, a "core" microbiome, consisting of Firmicutes (i.e., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus), Proteobacteria (i.e., Serratia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium), and Actinobacteria (i.e., Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium). This review aims to summarize the main characteristics of HMM and the role it plays in shaping a child's health. We reviewed the most recent literature on the topic (2019-2021), using the PubMed database. The main sources of HMM origin were identified as the retrograde flow and the entero-mammary pathway. Several factors can influence its composition, such as maternal body mass index and diet, use of antibiotics, time and type of delivery, and mode of breastfeeding. The COVID-19 pandemic, by altering the mother-infant dyad and modifying many of our previous habits, has emerged as a new risk factor for the modification of HMM. HMM is an important contributor to gastrointestinal colonization in children and therefore, it is fundamental to avoid any form of perturbation in the HMM that can alter the microbial equilibrium, especially in the first 100 days of life. Microbial dysbiosis can be a trigger point for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, especially in preterm infants, and for onset of chronic diseases, such as asthma and obesity, later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Notarbartolo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mather and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mather and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Montante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mather and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mather and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Carta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mather and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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28
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Saturio S, Nogacka AM, Alvarado-Jasso GM, Salazar N, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gueimonde M, Arboleya S. Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2415. [PMID: 34946017 PMCID: PMC8708449 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are among the predominant microorganisms during infancy, being a dominant microbial group in the healthy breastfed infant and playing a crucial role in newborns and infant development. Not only the levels of the Bifidobacterium genus but also the profile and quantity of the different bifidobacterial species have been demonstrated to be of relevance to infant health. Although no definitive proof is available on the causal association, reduced levels of bifidobacteria are perhaps the most frequently observed alteration of the intestinal microbiota in infant diseases. Moreover, Bifidobacterium strains have been extensively studied by their probiotic attributes. This review compiles the available information about bifidobacterial composition and function since the beginning of life, describing different perinatal factors affecting them, and their implications on different health alterations in infancy. In addition, this review gathers exhaustive information about pre-clinical and clinical studies with Bifidobacterium strains as probiotics in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saturio
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alicja M. Nogacka
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guadalupe M. Alvarado-Jasso
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Short- and Long-Term Implications of Human Milk Microbiota on Maternal and Child Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111866. [PMID: 34769296 PMCID: PMC8584477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is considered the most complete food for infants as its nutritional composition is specifically designed to meet infant nutritional requirements during early life. HM also provides numerous biologically active components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, milk fat globules, IgA, gangliosides or polyamines, among others; in addition, HM has a “bifidogenic effect”, a prebiotic effect, as a result of the low concentration of proteins and phosphates, as well as the presence of lactoferrin, lactose, nucleotides and oligosaccharides. Recently, has been a growing interest in HM as a potential source of probiotics and commensal bacteria to the infant gut, which might, in turn, influence both the gut colonization and maturation of infant immune system. Our review aims to address practical approaches to the detection of microbial communities in human breast milk samples, delving into their origin, composition and functions. Furthermore, we will summarize the current knowledge of how HM microbiota dysbiosis acts as a short- and long-term predictor of maternal and infant health. Finally, we also provide a critical view of the role of breast milk-related bacteria as a novel probiotic strategy in the prevention and treatment of maternal and offspring diseases.
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30
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Mallardi D, Tabasso C, Piemontese P, Morandi S, Silvetti T, Biscarini F, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Pica V, Stuknyte M, De Noni I, Amato O, Liotto N, Mosca F, Roggero P. Inoculation of mother's own milk could personalize pasteurized donor human milk used for feeding preterm infants. J Transl Med 2021; 19:420. [PMID: 34627277 PMCID: PMC8502300 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is a vehicle for bioactive compounds and beneficial bacteria which promote the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome of newborns, especially of preterm infants. Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the second-best option when preterm mother's own milk is unavailable. Since pasteurization affect the microbiological quality of donor milk, PDHM was inoculated with different preterm milk samples and then incubated, in order to evaluate the effect in terms of bacterial growth, human milk microbiome and proteolytic phenomena. METHODS In an in-vitro study PDHM was inoculated at 10% v/v using ten preterm milk samples. Microbiological, metataxonomic and peptidomic analyses, on preterm milk samples at the baseline (T0), on PDHM and on inoculated milk (IM) samples at T0, after 2 h (T1) and 4 h (T2) of incubation at 37 °C, were conducted. RESULTS IM samples at T2 showed a Total Bacterial Count not significantly different (p > 0.01) compared to preterm milk samples. At T2 lactic acid bacteria level was restored in all IM. After inoculation, metataxonomic analysis in IM samples showed that Proteobacteria remained the predominant phylum while Firmicutes moved from 3% at T1 to 9.4% at T2. Peptidomic profile of IM resembled that of PDHM, incubated for the same time, in terms of number and type of peptides. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that inoculation of PDHM with mother's own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize human milk microbiome in PDHM. This effect could be beneficial because of the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria which make PDHM more similar to mother's own milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mallardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Tabasso
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - P Piemontese
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - S Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - T Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - F Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), U.O.S. Di Lodi, Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), U.O.S. Di Lodi, Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - B Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), U.O.S. Di Lodi, Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - V Pica
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Stuknyte
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - I De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - O Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - N Liotto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - F Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Roggero
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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