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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Wawrzyniec K, Musiol SK, Potempa M, Bugaj AM, Sieroń A. Treatment of localized prostate cancer using WST-09 and WST-11 mediated vascular targeted photodynamic therapy-A review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:567-74. [PMID: 26467273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is well known for its direct cytotoxicity of the free radical-producing photochemical reaction, indirect mechanisms of action including modulation of intrinsic anti-tumour immune activity, and occlusion of pathologically altered tumour vessels leading to tumour ischaemia. The aim of this work is to critically review the evidence base for the use of vascular targeted PDT (VTP) to treat low-risk prostate cancer, and to discuss perspectives and challenges yet to be overcome. A brief general overview of focal prostate cancer therapy was provided, followed by a discussion of both basic and clinical research pertaining to prostate cancer VTP, with a focus on the palladium-based WST-09 and WST-11 photosensitisers. MATERIALS AND METHOD Literature on VTP for prostate cancer with the fallowing medical subject headings search terms: prostate cancer, photodynamic therapy, vascular targeted photodynamic therapy, bacteriopheophorbide were reviewed. The articles were selected by their relevance to the topic. RESULTS The clinical and basic research data available to date show much promise for WST-09, and WST-11 based VTP eventually joining the standard urologist's armamentarium against prostate cancer. With good reported tolerability and efficacy VTP can be proposed as an intermediate treatment for local low risk disease, halfway between watchful waiting and radical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kawczyk-Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - K Wawrzyniec
- Department of Internal Diseases, 11 Listopada 48, 28-200 Staszów, Poland
| | - S K Musiol
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 OSP, United Kingdom
| | - M Potempa
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - A M Bugaj
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; College of Health, Beauty Care and Education, Brzeźnicka 3, 60-133 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Sieroń
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sheehan
- Departments of 1 Neurological Surgery and.,Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dale Ding
- Departments of 1 Neurological Surgery and
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Cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396914000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is rooted in its ability to help achieve locoregional and systemic control, therefore increasing the overall disease-free survival of patients. Understanding the mechanistic actions of cytotoxic agents and their targets on the cell cycle, as well as the governing pharmacokinetic principles can improve treatment delivery. The adjuvant treatment setting can overcome barriers such as hypoxia and genetically driven treatment resistance.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to present theoretical frameworks behind the chemoradiation paradigm and to describe current chemoradiation practices in radiation oncology.MethodologyA review was conducted using the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health database (PubMed) using the following search keywords: chemoradiation, spatial cooperation, chemotherapeutic agents, pharmacokinetics, anti-vascular agents, tumour vasculature and tumour hypoxia.Results and conclusionsCurrent research has reported several rationales for the beneficial combination of radiation and chemotherapy to eradicate oncological diseases. Mechanisms of action and biological approaches are showing that concurrent treatments, as well as novel agents such as anti-vascular and anti-angiogenic agents may benefit improved treatment outcomes by reducing micro hypoxic environments in tumours. In addition, chemotherapy administered in tandem with radiation enhances cell-killing effects by targeting the cell cycle.
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Chargari C, Soria JC, Deutsch E. Controversies and challenges regarding the impact of radiation therapy on survival. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:38-46. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Benachour H, Sève A, Bastogne T, Frochot C, Vanderesse R, Jasniewski J, Miladi I, Billotey C, Tillement O, Lux F, Barberi-Heyob M. Multifunctional Peptide-conjugated hybrid silica nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy and MRI. Theranostics 2012; 2:889-904. [PMID: 23082101 PMCID: PMC3475218 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging theranostic modality for various cancer as well as non-cancer diseases. Its efficiency is mainly based on a selective accumulation of PDT and imaging agents in tumor tissue. The vascular effect is widely accepted to play a major role in tumor eradication by PDT. To promote this vascular effect, we previously demonstrated the interest of using an active- targeting strategy targeting neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), mainly over-expressed by tumor angiogenic vessels. For an integrated vascular-targeted PDT with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cancer, we developed multifunctional gadolinium-based nanoparticles consisting of a surface-localized tumor vasculature targeting NRP-1 peptide and polysiloxane nanoparticles with gadolinium chelated by DOTA derivatives on the surface and a chlorin as photosensitizer. The nanoparticles were surface-functionalized with hydrophilic DOTA chelates and also used as a scaffold for the targeting peptide grafting. In vitro investigations demonstrated the ability of multifunctional nanoparticles to preserve the photophysical properties of the encapsulated photosensitizer and to confer photosensitivity to MDA-MB-231 cancer cells related to photosensitizer concentration and light dose. Using binding test, we revealed the ability of peptide-functionalized nanoparticles to target NRP-1 recombinant protein. Importantly, after intravenous injection of the multifunctional nanoparticles in rats bearing intracranial U87 glioblastoma, a positive MRI contrast enhancement was specifically observed in tumor tissue. Real-time MRI analysis revealed the ability of the targeting peptide to confer specific intratumoral retention of the multifunctional nanoparticles.
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Hunt MA, Li D, Hay MP, Currie MJ, Robinson BA, Patterson AV, Dachs GU. Characterisation of enzyme prodrug gene therapy combinations in coated spheroids and vascular networks in vitro. J Gene Med 2012; 14:62-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Hunt
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology; University of Otago; Christchurch; New Zealand
| | - Dan Li
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre; University of Auckland; Auckland; New Zealand
| | - Michael P. Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre; University of Auckland; Auckland; New Zealand
| | - Margaret J. Currie
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology; University of Otago; Christchurch; New Zealand
| | - Bridget A. Robinson
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology; University of Otago; Christchurch; New Zealand
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre; University of Auckland; Auckland; New Zealand
| | - Gabi U. Dachs
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology; University of Otago; Christchurch; New Zealand
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Madar-Balakirski N, Tempel-Brami C, Kalchenko V, Brenner O, Varon D, Scherz A, Salomon Y. Permanent occlusion of feeding arteries and draining veins in solid mouse tumors by vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with Tookad. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10282. [PMID: 20421983 PMCID: PMC2858664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiangiogenic and anti-vascular therapies present intriguing alternatives to cancer therapy. However, despite promising preclinical results and significant delays in tumor progression, none have demonstrated long-term curative features to date. Here, we show that a single treatment session of Tookad-based vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) promotes permanent arrest of tumor blood supply by rapid occlusion of the tumor feeding arteries (FA) and draining veins (DV), leading to tumor necrosis and eradication within 24–48 h. Methodology/Principal Findings A mouse earlobe MADB106 tumor model was subjected to Tookad-VTP and monitored by three complementary, non-invasive online imaging techniques: Fluorescent intravital microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering Imaging and photosensitized MRI. Tookad-VTP led to prompt tumor FA vasodilatation (a mean volume increase of 70%) with a transient increase (60%) in blood-flow rate. Rapid vasoconstriction, simultaneous blood clotting, vessel permeabilization and a sharp decline in the flow rates then followed, culminating in FA occlusion at 63.2 sec±1.5SEM. This blockage was deemed irreversible after 10 minutes of VTP treatment. A decrease in DV blood flow was demonstrated, with a slight lag from FA response, accompanied by frequent changes in flow direction before reaching a complete standstill. In contrast, neighboring, healthy tissue vessels of similar sizes remained intact and functional after Tookad-VTP. Conclusion/Significance Tookad-VTP selectively targets the tumor feeding and draining vessels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mono-therapeutic modality that primarily aims at the larger tumor vessels and leads to high cure rates, both in the preclinical and clinical arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Madar-Balakirski
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Vyacheslav Kalchenko
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Varon
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Salomon
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Maillard P, Lupu M, Thomas CD, Mispelter J. [Towards a new treatment of retinoblastoma?]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 68:195-202. [PMID: 20569775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a recent approach for the treatment of small cancerous tumours, on-surface or accessible by endoscopy in which a dye (usually a tetrapyrrolic macrocycle) absorbs light and generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species leading to cellular damage. Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare intraocular tumour of childhood. All the multifocal forms are hereditary and constitute a syndrome of genetic predisposition in the cancer. The current treatments with etoposide or carboplatine expose the patient to the late risk of second cancer. The use of PDT as cancer therapy is particularly attractive due to the use of few mutagenic and non-toxic photosensitizers (PS) prior light excitation and to the localized tumour illumination. The photoefficiency towards Rb of a glycoconjugated porphyrin is discussed and compared with the results obtained with a second-generation photosensitizer, the Foscan. Some in vivo results on an animal model of Rb are presented by a point of view of photoefficiency, biodistribution, pharmacokinetic and longitudinal follow-up of the PDT effect using a new non-invasive method of magnetic resonance imaging of real-time. Photodynamic treatments in association with non-invasive sodium imaging open ways for new treatment tailoring or treatment individualization of retinoblastoma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maillard
- UMR 176 CNRS, institut Curie, bâtiments 110-112, centre universitaire, université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Thomas N, Bechet D, Becuwe P, Tirand L, Vanderesse R, Frochot C, Guillemin F, Barberi-Heyob M. Peptide-conjugated chlorin-type photosensitizer binds neuropilin-1 in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:101-8. [PMID: 19464192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The strategy developed aims to favor the vascular effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by targeting tumor vasculature. This approach is considered by coupling a photosensitizer (PS) to an heptapeptide targeting neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). We previously demonstrated that this new conjugated PS, which binds to recombinant NRP-1 protein, was a much more potent PS compared to the non-conjugated PS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing NRP-1, due to the coupling of the peptide moiety. To argue the involvement of NRP-1 in the conjugated PS cellular uptake, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used, strongly over-expressing NRP-1 receptor, and we evidenced a significant decrease of the conjugated PS uptake after RNA interference-mediated silencing of NRP-1. In mice xenografted ectopically with U87 human malignant glioma cells, we demonstrated that only the conjugated PS allowed a selective accumulation in endothelial cells lining tumor vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasma and tumor levels could not prevent the recognition of the conjugate by NRP-1. The vascular effect induced by the conjugated PS, was characterized by a reduction in tumor blood flow around 50% during PDT. In vivo, the photodynamic efficiency with the conjugated PS induced a statistically significant tumor growth delay compared to the non-coupled PS. The peptide-conjugated chlorin-type PS uptake involves NRP-1 and this targeting strategy favors the vascular effect of PDT in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Thomas
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Nancy-University, CNRS, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Boisbrun M, Vanderesse R, Engrand P, Olié A, Hupont S, Regnouf-de-Vains JB, Frochot C. Design and photophysical properties of new RGD targeted tetraphenylchlorins and porphyrins. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Bentzen SM, Harari PM, Bernier J. Exploitable mechanisms for combining drugs with radiation: concepts, achievements and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:172-80. [PMID: 17327857 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Widening indications for combining radiation therapy with cytotoxic or molecular-targeted drugs have mainly been driven by pragmatic clinical trials. With a flurry of novel drugs in various stages of preclinical and clinical development there is a need to revise the framework that has traditionally been used for discussing possible drug-radiation interactions, especially because many of the new drugs are directed at a specific molecular target. Spatial cooperation, cytotoxic enhancement, biological cooperation, temporal modulation and normal tissue protection are proposed as five primary exploitable mechanisms for the rational combination of drugs with radiation for cancer therapy. These five mechanisms produce different clinical outcomes and, therefore, the optimum clinical end point for assessing therapeutic benefit will depend on the mechanism tested. The dependence of outcome on these mechanisms also affects the selection of preclinical models and the optimum scheduling of the two modalities, i.e. the timing and dosing of the drug relative to the radiation dose fractions. These considerations are discussed in some detail for each mechanism and illustrated with specific clinical examples. Multi-modality therapy for head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma is used to illustrate these concepts. Further clinical progress in this field will require hypothesis-driven trials to ensure efficient identification of treatments with the most favorable risk:benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren M Bentzen
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/316 Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Iga AM, Sarkar S, Sales KM, Winslet MC, Seifalian AM. Quantitating therapeutic disruption of tumor blood flow with intravital video microscopy. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11517-9. [PMID: 17178842 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular-disrupting agents (VDA) kill tumor cells by selectively disrupting blood circulation in tumors. In vivo analysis of this intensely studied class of anticancer agents is invaluable for preclinical assessment of pharmacodynamic end points and effective therapeutic windows. In this review, we consider the role of intravital video microscopy in measuring tumor vascular response to VDAs, the potential of which lies in the opportunity to quantitate specific variables and to obtain real-time information on how VDAs affect tumor microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Iga
- GI and Hepatobiliary Research Unit, Academic Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London and Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Chen XY, Zhang W, Zhang W, Wu S, Bi F, Su YJ, Tan XY, Liu JN, Zhang J. Vaccination with Viable Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Prevents Metastatic Tumors by Attack on Tumor Vasculature with Both Cellular and Humoral Immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5834-40. [PMID: 17020991 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because tumor endothelium is rarely targeted by immunity but is critically important for tumor growth, the immunity against tumor endothelium is to be developed as a novel antitumor strategy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN First, viable human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were immunized to C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to evoke specific CTLs as well as antibodies against tumor endothelium. Lewis lung carcinoma or myeloma cells were subsequently inoculated to evaluate the effect on tumor growth by vaccination. Second, the effect on tumor metastasis by vaccination was studied using tumor-resected mice receiving HUVEC immunization 3 days after excision. Third, the immune sera and T lymphocytes from HUVEC-immunized mice were transferred to tumor-bearing mice and added to cultured HUVECs to investigate their antiproliferative effect. RESULTS Viable HUVEC immunization showed potent antitumor effects in Lewis lung carcinoma and myeloma tumor models. Both immune sera and CTL inhibited tumor growth and specifically suppressed proliferation of HUVECs. Particularly, tumors entirely disappeared on day 90 after tumor inoculation in four of six tumor-bearing mice receiving CTL therapy. In a metastatic tumor model, we found that the HUVEC vaccination prolonged life span from 30.9 to 41.5 days after tumor resection compared with PBS-treated mice without apparent side effects. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with viable HUVECs evoked both humoral and cellular immunity against tumor microvasculature, and therefore significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged life span of tumor-resected mice. This may provide with a novel treatment for metastatic tumors. Moreover, we have established a convenient method to evoke specific CTL against tumor angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/prevention & control
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Vaccination
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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Muruganandham M, Lupu M, Dyke JP, Matei C, Linn M, Packman K, Kolinsky K, Higgins B, Koutcher JA. Preclinical evaluation of tumor microvascular response to a novel antiangiogenic/antitumor agent RO0281501 by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at 1.5 T. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1950-7. [PMID: 16928815 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is a promising approach in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vascular response of human lung tumor xenografts in vivo to RO0281501, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H460a) xenografts grown s.c. in athymic nu/nu mice were treated p.o. with the antiangiogenic agent RO0281501. Treatment-induced changes in tumor volume, epiphyseal growth plate thickness, and microvessel density assessed by CD31 immunohistochemistry were analyzed. Tumor vascular permeability and perfusion were measured in tumors using DCE-MRI with gadopentetate dimeglumine on a 1.5 T clinical scanner to assess vascular function. Treatment with RO0281501 resulted in significant growth retardation of H460a tumors. RO0281501-treated tumors showed histologic evidence of growth plate thickening and relatively lower microvessel density compared with the controls. Regarding DCE-MRI variables, the initial slope of contrast uptake and Ak(ep) were significantly decreased on day 7 of treatment. RO0281501 is a novel antiangiogenic/antitumor agent, which is active in the H460a xenograft model. Its effects on tumor vasculature can be monitored and assessed by DCE-MRI on a 1.5 T human MR scanner with clinically available gadopentetate dimeglumine contrast, which will facilitate clinical trials with this or similar agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Muruganandham
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
Advances in molecular and cellular biology are transforming our understanding of breast cancer and promise the same for radiotherapy over the next few years. At the clinical level, the molecular basis of fractionation dependency and other tumour and normal tissue responses are likely to become clearer. More importantly, they will become useful in the clinic, where molecular characterisation of the patient and tumour will start to determine therapeutic options. Although many of the fundamental processes are only amenable to study in laboratory systems, the power of array-based technologies makes it possibly to address highly relevant questions in the clinic, using functional imaging and/or tissue biopsies. To help clinical oncologists exploit these opportunities in translational research, some aspects of the molecular and cellular basis of radiotherapy are described below in their relation to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tutt
- Department of Oncology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Raben D, Ryan A. Vascular-targeting agents and radiation therapy in lung cancer: where do we stand in 2005? Clin Lung Cancer 2006; 7:175-9. [PMID: 16354311 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2005.n.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With recent Food and Drug Administration approval of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody for the treatment of colon cancer, it may be possible to achieve similar progress in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer. Antiangiogenic therapies in the clinic are a reality, and it is important to demonstrate that they can be used safely with conventional modalities, including radiation therapy (RT). Strategies under scrutiny in preclinical and clinical studies include the use of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis, use of agents that target VEGF and VEGF receptor signaling, targeting endothelial-related integrins during angiogenesis, and targeting the preexisting immature vessels growing within tumors (ie, vascular targeting). Regardless of the approach, it is necessary to address whether angiogenesis is a consistent phenomenon within the lung parenchyma around a cancer and a relevant target and whether inhibiting angiogenesis will improve current lung cancer therapies without increasing toxicity. Vascular-targeting agents (VTAs) are an interesting class of agents that have the potential to enhance RT, but their clinical promise has yet to be realized. In preclinical models, these agents selectively destroy the tumor vasculature, initiating a rapid centralized necrosis within established tumors. Characteristically, after treatment with VTAs, a rim of viable tumor cells remains at the periphery of the tumor, which remains well perfused and should therefore be relatively sensitive to radiation-induced cytotoxicity. This review will focus on VTAs in the treatment of lung cancer and includes a discussion of combination studies with RT in the laboratory and some of the hurdles in the clinical application of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80010-0510, USA.
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Chen B, Pogue BW, Luna JM, Hardman RL, Hoopes PJ, Hasan T. Tumor Vascular Permeabilization by Vascular-Targeting Photosensitization: Effects, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Implications. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:917-23. [PMID: 16467106 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of vascular barrier function has been observed shortly following vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy. However, the mechanism involved in this event is still not clear, and the therapeutic implications associated with this pathophysiologic change have not been fully explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effect of vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy on vascular barrier function was examined in both s.c. and orthotopic MatLyLu rat prostate tumor models and endothelial cells in vitro, using photosensitizer verteporfin. Vascular permeability to macromolecules (Evans blue-albumin and high molecular weight dextran) was assessed with dye extraction (ex vivo) and intravital microscopy (in vivo) methods. Intravital microscopy was also used to monitor tumor vascular functional changes after vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy. The effects of photosensitization on monolayer endothelial cell morphology and cytoskeleton structures were studied with immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy induced vascular barrier dysfunction in the MatLyLu tumors. Thus, tumor uptake of macromolecules was significantly increased following photodynamic therapy treatments. In addition to vascular permeability increase, blood cell adherence to vessel wall was observed shortly after treatment, further suggesting the loss of endothelial integrity. Blood cell adhesion led to the formation of thrombi that can occlude blood vessels, causing vascular shutdown. However, viable tumor cells were often detected at tumor periphery after vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy. Endothelial cell barrier dysfunction following photodynamic therapy treatment was also observed in vitro by culturing monolayer endothelial cells on Transwell inserts. Immunofluorescence study revealed microtubule depolymerization shortly after photosensitization treatment and stress actin fiber formation thereafter. Consequently, endothelial cells were found to retract, and this endothelial morphologic change led to the formation of intercellular gaps. CONCLUSIONS Vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy permeabilizes blood vessels through the formation of endothelial intercellular gaps, which are likely induced via endothelial cell microtubule depolymerization following vascular photosensitization. Loss of endothelial barrier function can ultimately lead to tumor vascular shutdown and has significant implications in drug transport and tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Kim EC, Min JK, Kim TY, Lee SJ, Yang HO, Han S, Kim YM, Kwon YG. [6]-Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:300-8. [PMID: 16081047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[6]-Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae), has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor-promoting activities. Here, we describe its novel anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, [6]-gingerol inhibited both the VEGF- and bFGF-induced proliferation of human endothelial cells and caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. It also blocked capillary-like tube formation by endothelial cells in response to VEGF, and strongly inhibited sprouting of endothelial cells in the rat aorta and formation of new blood vessel in the mouse cornea in response to VEGF. Moreover, i.p. administration, without reaching tumor cytotoxic blood levels, to mice receiving i.v. injection of B16F10 melanoma cells, reduced the number of lung metastasis, with preservation of apparently healthy behavior. Taken together, these results demonstrate that [6]-gingerol inhibits angiogenesis and may be useful in the treatment of tumors and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Catechols
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/chemistry
- Cornea/metabolism
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- DNA/chemistry
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Combinations
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Fatty Alcohols/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- G1 Phase
- Zingiber officinale/chemistry
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Laminin/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Chemical
- Mutagens
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Plant Extracts
- Proteoglycans/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Eok-Cheon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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