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Mallya DS, Abdikheibari S, Dumée LF, Muthukumaran S, Lei W, Baskaran K. Removal of natural organic matter from surface water sources by nanofiltration and surface engineering membranes for fouling mitigation - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138070. [PMID: 36775036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Given that surface water is the primary supply of drinking water worldwide, the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water presents difficulties for water treatment facilities. During the disinfection phase of the drinking water treatment process, NOM aids in the creation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). This problem can be effectively solved using the nanofiltration (NF) membrane method, however NOM can significantly foul NF membranes, degrading separation performance and membrane integrity, necessitating the development of fouling-resistant membranes. This review offers a thorough analysis of the removal of NOM by NF along with insights into the operation, mechanisms, fouling, and its controlling variables. In light of engineering materials with distinctive features, the potential of surface-engineered NF membranes is here critically assessed for the impact on the membrane surface, separation, and antifouling qualities. Case studies on surface-engineered NF membranes are critically evaluated, and properties-to-performance connections are established, as well as challenges, trends, and predictions for the field's future. The effect of alteration on surface properties, interactions with solutes and foulants, and applications in water treatment are all examined in detail. Engineered NF membranes containing zwitterionic polymers have the greatest potential to improve membrane permeance, selectivity, stability, and antifouling performance. To support commercial applications, however, difficulties related to material production, modification techniques, and long-term stability must be solved promptly. Fouling resistant NF membrane development would be critical not only for the water treatment industry, but also for a wide range of developing applications in gas and liquid separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Institute of Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria. 3220, Australia
| | - Kanagaratnam Baskaran
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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Fouling of the Nanofiltration Membrane NF270 Used for Separation of Fermentation Broths: Impact of Feed Pretreatment Process. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings regarding nanofiltration (NF) have led to indications that it can be successfully used for separation of various biological solutions. As a novelty, this paper is the first to investigate the impact of the feed pretreatment process on the NF membrane performance used for separation of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths. For this purpose, prior to the NF process, the feed was purified by microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. Subsequently, the long-term NF process was carried out with the use of a commercial, flat-sheet, thin-film, polyamide NF270 nanofiltration membrane. Thereinto, to determine the dominant fouling mechanism, Hermia’s model was used. With regards to the pretreatment processes performed, it has been determined that the MF membrane (0.14 µm) provided the reduction in the number of bacteria cells present in the permeate, while the UF membrane (450 Da) allowed obtaining the sterile permeate. Consequently, the NF permeate flux for the UF permeate was significantly higher. Analysis of the fouling mechanisms showed that during the separation of the MF permeate, formation of a cake layer on the NF membrane surface was dominant. In turn, with regards to the UF permeate, membrane blocking occurred in two separate phases involving standard blocking and then cake layer formation. Finally, a strategy of NF membrane cleaning with the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution has been proposed.
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Niu B, Yang L, Meng S, Liang D, Liu H, Yang L, Shen L, Zhao Q. Time-dependent analysis of polysaccharide fouling by Hermia models: Reveal the structure of fouling layer. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sinha S, Dutta M, Neogi S, De S. Reduction of total dissolved solids of pre-treated flowback water by two-stage nanofiltration: A gel layer based model to predict the system performance and scale up. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tałałaj IA. Performance of integrated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) process for leachate treatment: effect of pH. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:419-429. [PMID: 35669807 PMCID: PMC9163213 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this paper the performance and effectiveness of the reverse osmosis (RO) process for the biologically pretreated leachate was investigated. The RO process was carried out separately for two different pH: 8.0 and 9.3. METHODS A general pollution parameters as well as organic and inorganic indicators were determined in raw, biologically pretreated and RO treated leachate. The performance characteristics of the reverse osmosis system were made on the basis of permeate flux, electroconductivity removal rate, concentration factor and efficiency in removal of analyzed parameters. RESULTS The use of SBR pretreatment had very good efficiency in BOD (97.3%) and ammonia nitrogen (95.4%) removal. The lowest effectivity was observed for chloride (11.6%), boron (3.9%) and TDS (1.2%). Pretreated leachate was subjected to RO system. The normalized average flux was 0.53 (42.3 L/m2·h) for pH = 8.0 and 0.68 (33.5 L/m2·h) for pH = 9.3. The lower membrane fouling at higher pH can be explained by electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged membrane surface and organic substances. Independently of the process pH, a two-step membrane fouling was observed. The greatest differences in removal rates were observed for boron, which had a higher retention rate at higher pH, and ammonia nitrogen, whose removal rate decreased at higher pH. The obtained permeate pH after RO process was lower than the feed pH in two analyzed value of pH. CONCLUSIONS The higher flux value at pH = 9.3 is result of high content of organic matter in leachate, which is better rejected at higher pH because of higher electrostatic repulsion between organic matter and membrane surface. This indicates that the organic matter content should be taken into account when determining the operating parameters (pH values) of the RO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Anna Tałałaj
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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Żyłła R, Foszpańczyk M, Kamińska I, Kudzin M, Balcerzak J, Ledakowicz S. Impact of Polymer Membrane Properties on the Removal of Pharmaceuticals. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020150. [PMID: 35207072 PMCID: PMC8874440 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of various factors on the removal efficiency of selected pharmaceuticals by membrane filtration was investigated. Several commercial polymer membranes were used for nanofiltration (NF) from various manufacturers. The studies were conducted for ibuprofen (IBF), amoxicillin (AMX), diclofenac (DCF), tetracycline (TRC), salicylic acid (SA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The influence of the structure and properties of the tested compounds on the retention coefficient and filtration rate was investigated. The influence of pH on the filtration parameters was also checked. The properties of selected membranes influencing the retention of pharmaceuticals and filtrate flux were analysed. An extensive analysis of the retention coefficients dependence on the contact angle and surface free energy was performed. It was found that there is a correlation between the hydrophilicity of the membrane and the effectiveness and efficiency of the membrane. As the contact angle of membrane increased, the flow rate of the filtrate stream increased, while the retention coefficient decreased. The studies showed that the best separation efficiency was achieved for compounds with a molecular weight (MW) greater than 300 g/mol. During the filtration of pharmaceuticals with MW ranging from 300 to 450 g/mol, the type of membrane used practically did not affect the filtration efficiency and a high degree of retention was achieved. In the case of low MW molecules (SA and ASA), a significant decrease in the separation efficiency during the process was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Żyłła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, ul. Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland; (M.F.); (I.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Foszpańczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, ul. Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland; (M.F.); (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Irena Kamińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, ul. Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland; (M.F.); (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Kudzin
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, ul. Brzezińska 5/15, 92-103 Łódź, Poland; (M.F.); (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Jacek Balcerzak
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 213, 93-005 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Ledakowicz
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 213, 93-005 Łódź, Poland;
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Zhu T, Zhou Z, Qu F, Liu B, Van der Bruggen B. Separation performance of ultrafiltration during the treatment of algae-laden water in the presence of an anionic surfactant. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Biocatalytic Reduction of Formaldehyde to Methanol: Effect of pH on Enzyme Immobilization and Reactive Membrane Performance. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10568.472-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic stabled CO2 molecules can be biocatalytically reduced to methanol via three cascade dehydrogenases (formate, formaldehyde and alcohol) with the aid of cofactor as the electron donor. In this study, Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), the third step of the cascade enzymatic reaction which catalyzed formaldehyde (CHOH) to methanol (CH3OH) will be immobilized in an ultrafiltration membrane. The enzyme will be immobilized in the support layer of a poly(ether)sulfone (PES) membrane via a technique called fouling induced enzyme immobilization. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of varying pH (acid (pH 5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 9)) of the feed solution during immobilization process of ADH in the membrane in terms of permeate flux, observed rejection, enzyme loading and fouling mechanism. The experiment was conducted in a pressure driven, dead-end stirred filtration cell. Reaction conversion and biocatalytic productivity will be also evaluated. The results showed that permeate flux for acid solution were the lowest during immobilization. High concentration polarization and fouling resistance cause lower observed rejection for pH 7 and 9. Enzyme loading for pH 5 give 73.8% loading rate which is the highest compared to 62.4% at pH 7 and 70.1% at pH 9. Meanwhile, the conversion rate during the reaction shows that reaction on fouled membrane showed more than 90% conversion for pH 5 and 7. The fouling model predicted that irreversible fouling occurs during enzyme immobilization at pH 7 with standard blocking mechanism while reversible fouling occurs at pH 5 and 9 with intermediate and complete blocking, respectively. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Cirillo AI, Tomaiuolo G, Guido S. Membrane Fouling Phenomena in Microfluidic Systems: From Technical Challenges to Scientific Opportunities. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:820. [PMID: 34357230 PMCID: PMC8305447 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The almost ubiquitous, though undesired, deposition and accumulation of suspended/dissolved matter on solid surfaces, known as fouling, represents a crucial issue strongly affecting the efficiency and sustainability of micro-scale reactors. Fouling becomes even more detrimental for all the applications that require the use of membrane separation units. As a matter of fact, membrane technology is a key route towards process intensification, having the potential to replace conventional separation procedures, with significant energy savings and reduced environmental impact, in a broad range of applications, from water purification to food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite all the research efforts so far, fouling still represents an unsolved problem. The complex interplay of physical and chemical mechanisms governing its evolution is indeed yet to be fully unraveled and the role played by foulants' properties or operating conditions is an area of active research where microfluidics can play a fundamental role. The aim of this review is to explore fouling through microfluidic systems, assessing the fundamental interactions involved and how microfluidics enables the comprehension of the mechanisms characterizing the process. The main mathematical models describing the fouling stages will also be reviewed and their limitations discussed. Finally, the principal dynamic investigation techniques in which microfluidics represents a key tool will be discussed, analyzing their employment to study fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iginio Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.I.C.); (S.G.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.I.C.); (S.G.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.I.C.); (S.G.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Lai QD, Doan NTT, Nguyen HD. Technical assessment of reverse osmosis for concentration of fresh tea leaf extract. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Dat Lai
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Thuc Trinh Doan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dung Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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12
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A Comprehensive Review on Membrane Fouling: Mathematical Modelling, Prediction, Diagnosis, and Mitigation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based separation has gained increased popularity over the past few decades, particularly reverse osmosis (RO). A major impediment to the improved performance of membrane separation processes, in general, is membrane fouling. Fouling has detrimental effects on the membrane’s performance and integrity, as the deposition and accumulation of foulants on its surface and/or within its pores leads to a decline in the permeate flux, deterioration of selectivity, and permeability, as well as a significantly reduced lifespan. Several factors influence the fouling-propensity of a membrane, such as surface morphology, roughness, hydrophobicity, and material of fabrication. Generally, fouling can be categorized into particulate, organic, inorganic, and biofouling. Efficient prediction techniques and diagnostics are integral for strategizing control, management, and mitigation interventions to minimize the damage of fouling occurrences in the membranes. To improve the antifouling characteristics of RO membranes, surface enhancements by different chemical and physical means have been extensively sought after. Moreover, research efforts have been directed towards synthesizing membranes using novel materials that would improve their antifouling performance. This paper presents a review of the different membrane fouling types, fouling-inducing factors, predictive methods, diagnostic techniques, and mitigation strategies, with a special focus on RO membrane fouling.
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Moistube irrigation fouling due to anaerobic filtered effluent (AF) and horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) effluent. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7124. [PMID: 33782521 PMCID: PMC8007708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study assessed the suitability of two effluent types, namely anaerobic filtered (AF) and horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) effluent for Moistube irrigation (MTI). Secondary to this, the study determined the plugging coefficients (α) on MTI for the respective effluents. The feed water was supplied from a raised tank (3.5 m), and mass-flow rates were recorded at 15 min intervals using an electronic balance. The effluent feed water concentrations and experimental room temperature (25 °C ± 1 °C) were continuously monitored and kept constant. Hermia’s models based on the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}}^{2}$$\end{document}R2 coefficient was used to select the best fitting fouling mechanism model and, consequently, the plugging coefficients. In addition, microbial colony analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out to assess the composition of the deposited sediment (DS) and adhered bacterial film (ABF) onto the MTI lateral. The study revealed that MTI pore blocking was a complex phenomenon described by complete pore-blocking model (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}}^{2}$$\end{document}R2 ≥ 0.50). Discharge followed an exponential decay with early fouling observed on AF effluent because of a high concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Discharge declined by 50% after 20 and 10 h of intermittent operation for AF and HFCW effluent, respectively. The α for each effluent (foulant) were \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha_{AF}$$\end{document}αAF = 0.07 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha_{ HFCW}$$\end{document}αHFCW = 0.05, respectively, for AF and HFCW. The microbial analysis revealed bacterial aggregation structures that contributed to pore blocking. SEM imaging revealed complete surface coverage by deposited sediment. It is concluded that water quality determines the operation life span of MTI, and the two effluents promote accelerated MTI pore fouling or blocking. Continuous use without flushing the MTI will promote membrane degradation and reduced discharge efficiency. Additional filtration can potentially mitigate the membrane degradation process.
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Park S, Jeong YD, Lee JH, Kim J, Jeong K, Cho KH. 3D printed honeycomb-shaped feed channel spacer for membrane fouling mitigation in nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Salama A. On the estimation of the leaked volume of an oil droplet undergoing breakup in crossflow filtration: CFD investigation, scaling, and a macroscopic model. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Aryanti N, Nafiunisa A, Kusworo TD, Wardhani DH. Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Using a Plant-Derived Surfactant for Dye Separation in Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10090220. [PMID: 32887244 PMCID: PMC7557959 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is one of several membrane methods used for the removal of trace organic pollutants from aqueous streams. In this process, a surfactant is added to a polluted aqueous solution at a concentration higher than its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Unlike synthetic surfactants, natural surfactants, from plants such as the saponin, while ecologically adaptable as surfactants in MEUF systems, are also biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally safe. This study applied Sapindus rarak extract as the natural surfactant in MEUF for Remazol dye separation. It was found that the presence of Sapindus rarak extract increased separation of Remazol red and blue dyes by up to 97.02% and 99.42%, respectively. However, the addition of surfactant decreased permeate fluxes due to membrane fouling and concentration polarization. In addition, loading micelle (Lm), representing the performance of the surfactant micelle for dye separation, as well as the blocking mechanism, was investigated. Lm was found to be in the range of 0.002-0.068 mM dyes/mM saponin. Ultrafiltration blocking mechanisms, as confirmed by the Hermia model, were: standard blocking, for cases without the addition of surfactant; cake formation, for cases with surfactant below the CMC; and complete blocking, for cases with surfactant above the CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Aryanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.N.); (T.D.K.); (D.H.W.)
- Membrane Research Centre (MeR-C), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aininu Nafiunisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.N.); (T.D.K.); (D.H.W.)
| | - Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.N.); (T.D.K.); (D.H.W.)
- Membrane Research Centre (MeR-C), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Hesti Wardhani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; (A.N.); (T.D.K.); (D.H.W.)
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Foureaux A, Moreira V, Lebron Y, Santos L, Amaral M. Direct contact membrane distillation as an alternative to the conventional methods for value-added compounds recovery from acidic effluents: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Ismail FH, Marpani F, Othman NH, Nik Him NR. Simultaneous separation and biocatalytic conversion of formaldehyde to methanol in enzymatic membrane reactor. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1705795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farazatul Harnani Ismail
- Integrated Separation Technology Research Group (i-STRonG), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Marpani
- Integrated Separation Technology Research Group (i-STRonG), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayati Othman
- Membrane Technology Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Raikhan Nik Him
- Industrial Process Reliability & Sustainability (INPRES), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Burghardt JP, Coletta LA, van der Bolt R, Ebrahimi M, Gerlach D, Czermak P. Development and Characterization of an Enzyme Membrane Reactor for Fructo-Oligosaccharide Production. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9110148. [PMID: 31717644 PMCID: PMC6918460 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are linear fructans comprising 2–5 fructose units linked to a terminal glucose residue. They are widely used as food and feed additives due to their sweetness, low calorific value, and prebiotic properties. Here we describe the synthesis of FOS catalyzed by a cell-free crude enzyme solution containing recombinant fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) produced in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. During the enzyme catalysis, glucose accumulates as a by-product and eventually inhibits FOS production. We therefore used an enzyme membrane reactor (EMR) to achieve the continuous removal of glucose and the simultaneous replenishment of sucrose. We observed a loss of flux during the reaction with the characteristics of complete pore blocking, probably caused by a combination of proteins (enzyme molecules) and polysaccharides (FOS). Such complex fouling mechanisms must be overcome to achieve the efficient production of FOS using EMR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Burghardt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Luca Antonio Coletta
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ramona van der Bolt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gerlach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-309-2650/2551
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20
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Silva NCM, Moravia WG, Amaral MCS, Figueiredo KCS. Evaluation of fouling mechanisms in nanofiltration as a polishing step of yeast MBR-treated landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3611-3621. [PMID: 29806798 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1482568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nanofiltration process as a polishing step of a membrane bioreactor inoculated with commercial baker yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used to treat sanitary landfill leachate. The contaminants retention and influence of concentration polarization and fouling phenomena on the permeate flux decline (FD) at different operating pressures were analysed. The greatest total flux reductions of 63.57% and 70.83% were observed for the lowest and the highest pressures, respectively, being this reduction attributed mainly to the concentration polarization. Membrane itself and concentration polarization phenomena were the main resistances to the nanofiltration process. Hermia model adjustment to the experimental data revealed that cake formation was the main mechanism that explained the FD at pressures of 8, 10 and 12 bar. At recovery rates above 40%, there was a significant decrease in permeate quality, so this value was chosen as the viable value for the proposed system. Integrated MBR-nanofiltration system led to the high removal of pollutants and made the treated effluent feasible for reuse in the landfill itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C M Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - W G Moravia
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - M C S Amaral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - K C S Figueiredo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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21
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Arend GD, Rezzadori K, Soares LS, Petrus JCC. Performance of nanofiltration process during concentration of strawberry juice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:2312-2319. [PMID: 30996465 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microfiltration and nanofiltration of strawberry juice. Processes performance was evaluated in terms of resistances-in-series, flux decline modeling and extract quality (maintenance of the phenolic compounds). The results obtained showed that concentration polarization is the main resistance to permeate flux in nanofiltration process, representing around 95% of the total resistance. Microfiltration process suffered more influence of the concentration polarization and fouling, next to 47% for both resistances. For all the processes, Hermia's pore blocking models presented good fitting, with R2 over 0.85. The same behavior was observed for a conjugated model which provided a realistic description (R2 > 0.76). Also, nanofiltration process allowed phenolic compounds maintenance, demonstrating the efficiency of this process for strawberry juice concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Demaman Arend
- 1Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Katia Rezzadori
- 2Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Lenilton Santos Soares
- 1Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - José Carlos Cunha Petrus
- 1Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
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22
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Huang Z, Gong B, Huang CP, Pan SY, Wu P, Dang Z, Chiang PC. Performance evaluation of integrated adsorption-nanofiltration system for emerging compounds removal: Exemplified by caffeine, diclofenac and octylphenol. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:121-128. [PMID: 30340131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants introduced into surface water pose potential hazards to the safety of drinking water. In this study, the removal performance of three emerging compounds (exemplified by caffeine, diclofenac and octylphenol, with different physico-chemical properties) from synthetic water and source water by combining activated carbon (AC) adsorption and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes was evaluated and analyzed. Results from synthetic water showed that the adsorption isotherms modeled well with the Langmuir equation. The removal performance of target compounds by AC-NF system was more remarkable than that of NF-AC combination. In the source water system, the integrated AC-NF process with coagulation pretreatment (the alum dosage of 60 mg/L) achieved satisfactory performance (the removal efficiencies of three target compounds reached > 95%). Results showed the electrostatic interaction and pollutant hydrophobicity determined the behavior and the fate of selected PPCPs/EDCs during the sequential treatment process of coagulation, activated carbon adsorption, and NF membrane separation. Finally, the AC and NF membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to understand the mechanisms, i.e. electrostatic and hydrophobic effects on the total removal process. It suggests that the integrated AC-NF process with coagulation pretreatment should be a feasible approach for removing emerging compounds in waterworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujian Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Carbon Cycle Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Beini Gong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Carbon Cycle Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
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23
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Silva FL, Zin G, Rezzadori K, Longo LC, Tiggemann L, Soares LS, Cunha Petrus JC, Vladimir de Oliveira J, Di Luccio M. Changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of a protein solution in the presence of magnetic field and the consequences on the ultrafiltration performance. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Schneider C, Rajmohan RS, Zarebska A, Tsapekos P, Hélix-Nielsen C. Treating anaerobic effluents using forward osmosis for combined water purification and biogas production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1021-1030. [PMID: 30180310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) can be used to reclaim nutrients and high-quality water from wastewater streams. This could potentially contribute towards relieving global water scarcity. Here we investigated the feasibility of extracting water from four real and four synthetic anaerobically digested effluents, using FO membranes. The goal of this study was to 1) evaluate FO membrane performance in terms of water flux and nutrient rejection 2) examine the methane yield that can be achieved and 3) analyse FO membrane fouling. Out of the four tested real anaerobically digested effluents, swine manure and potato starch wastewater achieved the highest combined average FO water flux (>3 liter per square meter per hour (LMH) with 0.66 M MgCl2 as initial draw solution concentration) and methane yield (>300 mL CH4 per gram of organic waste expressed as volatile solids (VS)). Rejection of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorous (TP) was high (up to 96.95%, 95.87% and 99.83%, respectively), resulting in low nutrient concentrations in the recovered water. Membrane autopsy revealed presence of organic and biological fouling on the FO membrane. However, no direct correlation between feed properties and methane yield and fouling potential was found, indicating that there is no inherent trade-off between high water flux and high methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Schneider
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rajath Sathyadev Rajmohan
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agata Zarebska
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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25
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Analysis of flux decline using sequential fouling mechanisms during concentration of Syzygium cumini (L.) leaf extract. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Garcia-Ivars J, Martella L, Massella M, Carbonell-Alcaina C, Alcaina-Miranda MI, Iborra-Clar MI. Nanofiltration as tertiary treatment method for removing trace pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:360-373. [PMID: 28881212 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing occurrence and persistence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in soils, sediments, drinking water supplies and wastewater effluents are a matter of serious environmental concern for governments and researchers worldwide. Nanofiltration as tertiary treatment method can be a viable and practical tool to remove these pollutants from aquatic environments. However, organic matter present in water sources can foul the membrane surface during operation, thus being potentially able to affect the membrane performance. Therefore, fouling mechanisms could heavily influence on the removal efficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of three nanofiltration membranes (TFC-SR2, NF-270 and MPS-34) and to study both the rejection of trace PhACs and the fouling mechanisms for each membrane as a function of feed solution pH. Fouling mechanisms were predicted by Hermia's model adapted to cross-flow configurations. Results demonstrated that higher removals were obtained at slightly alkaline pH, especially for anionic trace PhACs. At the same conditions, more severe fouling was observed, which resulted in strong flux declines and an increase in hydrophobicity. This indicates that the attached organic matter on the membrane surface acts as a secondary selective barrier for separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Garcia-Ivars
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lucia Martella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuele Massella
- Dipartamento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università Sapienza di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlos Carbonell-Alcaina
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Alcaina-Miranda
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Iborra-Clar
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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27
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A precise combined complete blocking and cake filtration model for describing the flux variation in membrane filtration process with BSA solution. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Peyravi M, Jahanshahi M, Khalili S. Fouling of WO 3 nanoparticle-incorporated PSf membranes in ultrafiltration of landfill leachate and dairy a combined wastewaters: An investigation using model. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Wang T, Yen YJ, Hsieh YK, Wang J. Size effect of calcium-humic acid non-rigid complexes on the fouling behaviors in nanofiltration: An LA-ICP-MS study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Torkamanzadeh M, Jahanshahi M, Peyravi M, Shokuhi Rad A. Comparative experimental study on fouling mechanisms in nano-porous membrane: cheese whey ultrafiltration as a case study. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2737-2750. [PMID: 27997385 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Determination of fouling mechanisms and accurate quantitative prediction of nano-porous membrane behavior are of great interest in membrane processes. This work has focused on a comprehensive comparison of two classical and new fouling models. Different operational conditions were tested to analyze the level of agreement of these models with experimental observation. Whey solutions of 8, 0.8 and 0.5 g/L were ultrafiltered in transmembrane pressures (TMPs) of 300 and 500 KPa through a synthesized polyethersulfone/copolymer blend membrane. Fouling mechanisms and the effect of different combinations of TMPs and protein concentrations were determined and analyzed by fitting the experimental data to different models. Based on the results obtained from classical models, it was found that the predictions of the cake layer formation model were quite acceptable, followed by the intermediate blocking model. The new combined pore blockage-cake filtration model, however, was found to be very successful in predicting the flux decline over time for every operational condition tested, with all relative errors of prediction less than 5%. The latter also showed a good performance in the transition from the pore blockage mechanism to cake layer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Torkamanzadeh
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran E-mail:
| | - Majid Peyravi
- Membrane Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran E-mail:
| | - Ali Shokuhi Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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31
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Indok Nurul Hasyimah MA, Mohammad A. Assessment of Fouling Mechanisms in Treating Organic Solutes Synthesizing Glycerin–Water Solutions by Modified Hermia Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502509d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Indok Nurul Hasyimah
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - A.W. Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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Gruschwitz F, Nirschl H, Anlauf H. Mathematical Modeling and Methodic Scale-up for Efficient Filter Apparatus Development. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Identification of foulants, fouling mechanisms and cleaning efficiency for NF and RO treatment of produced water. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Gruschwitz F, Nirschl H, Anlauf H. Optimized Backflushing Process for Fibrous Media in Engine Oil Filtration and Enhancement by Ultrasound. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Qu F, Liang H, Wang Z, Wang H, Yu H, Li G. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling by extracellular organic matters (EOM) of Microcystis aeruginosa in stationary phase: influences of interfacial characteristics of foulants and fouling mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:1490-500. [PMID: 22178303 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper focused on the membrane fouling caused by extracellular organic matters (EOM) which was extracted from lab-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa in stationary phase. The characteristics of EOM such as molecular weight distribution, hydrophobicity and fluorescence were measured. It was found that high molecular weight (MW) and hydrophilic organics accounted for the major parts of algal EOM which was comprised of protein-like, polysaccharide-like and humic-like substances. Ultrafiltration (UF) experiments were carried out in a stirring cell and hydrophobic polyethersulfone (PES) membranes which carried negative charge were used. Prefiltration, calcium addition and XAD fractionation were employed to change the interfacial characteristics of EOM. Then the effects of these interfacial characteristics on flux decline, reversibility and mass balance of organics were compared. Algal EOM proved to cause serious membrane fouling during UF. The fraction of algal EOM between 0.45 μm and 100 kDa contributed a significant portion of the fouling. Hydrophobic organics in EOM tended to adhere to membrane surface causing irreversible fouling, while the cake layer formed by hydrophilic organics caused greater resistance to water flow due to hydrophilic interaction such as hydrogen bond and led to faster flux decline during UF. The results also indicated that the algal EOM was negatively charged and the electrostatic repulsion could prevent organics from adhering to membrane surface. In term of fouling mechanisms, cake layer formation, hydrophobic adhesion and pore plugging were the main mechanisms for membrane fouling caused by algal EOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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