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Bayode AA, Emmanuel SS, Akinyemi AO, Ore OT, Akpotu SO, Koko DT, Momodu DE, López-Maldonado EA. Innovative techniques for combating a common enemy forever chemicals: A comprehensive approach to mitigating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119719. [PMID: 39098711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive presence of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," in water systems poses a significant threat to both the environment and public health. PFAS are persistent organic pollutants that are incredibly resistant to degradation and have a tendency to accumulate in the environment, resulting in long-term contamination issues. This comprehensive review delves into the primary impacts of PFAS on both the environment and human health while also delving into advanced techniques aimed at addressing these concerns. The focus is on exploring the efficacy, practicality, and sustainability of these methods. The review outlines several key methods, such as advanced oxidation processes, novel materials adsorption, bioremediation, membrane filtration, and in-situ chemical oxidation, and evaluates their effectiveness in addressing PFAS contamination. By conducting a comparative analysis of these techniques, the study aims to provide a thorough understanding of current PFAS remediation technologies, as well as offer insights into integrated approaches for managing these persistent pollutants effectively. While acknowledging the high efficiency of adsorption and membrane filtration in reducing persistent organic pollutants due to their relatively low cost, versatility, and wide applicability, the review suggests that the integration of these methods could result in an overall enhancement of removal performance. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for researcher attention in key areas and underscores the necessity of collaboration between researchers, industry, and regulatory authorities to address this complex challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola A Bayode
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria.
| | - Stephen Sunday Emmanuel
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Amos O Akinyemi
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Odunayo T Ore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, P.M.B. 1030, Owo, Nigeria
| | - Samson O Akpotu
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel T Koko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria
| | - David E Momodu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria
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Griffin AM, Bellona C, Strathmann TJ. Rejection of PFAS and priority co-contaminants in semiconductor fabrication wastewater by nanofiltration membranes. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122111. [PMID: 39089122 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Use of high-pressure membranes is an effective means for removal of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that is less sensitive than adsorption processes to variable water quality and specific PFAS structure. This study evaluated the use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes for the removal of PFAS and industry relevant co-contaminants in semiconductor fabrication (fab) wastewater. Initial experiments using a flat sheet filtration cell determined that the NF90 (tight NF) membrane provided superior performance compared to the NF270 (loose NF) membrane, with NF90 rejection values exceeding 97 % for all PFAS evaluated, including the ultrashort trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TFMS). Cationic fab co-contaminants diaryliodonium (DIA), triphenylsulfonium (TPS), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) were not as highly rejected as anionic PFAS likely due to electrostatic effects. A spiral wound NF90 module was then used in a pilot system to treat a lab solution containing PFAS and co-contaminants and fab wastewater effluent. Treatment of the fab wastewater, containing high concentrations of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), including trifluoroacetic acid (TFA: 96,413 ng/L), perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA: 11,796 ng/L), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA: 504 ng/L), resulted in ≥92 % rejection of all PFAS while achieving 90 % water recovery in a semi-batch configuration. These findings demonstrate nanofiltration as a promising technology option for incorporation in treatment trains targeting PFAS removal from wastewater matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron M Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Christopher Bellona
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
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Aedan Y, Altaee A, Zhou JL, Shon HK. Perfluorooctanoic acid-contaminated wastewater treatment by forward osmosis: Performance analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173368. [PMID: 38777064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent compound, raising considerable global apprehension due to its resistance to breakdown and detrimental impacts on human health and aquatic environments. Pressure-driven membrane technologies treating PFAS-contaminated water are expensive and prone to fouling. This study presented a parametric investigation of the effectiveness of cellulose triacetate membrane in the forward osmosis (FO) membrane for removing PFOA from an aqueous solution. The study examined the influence of membrane orientation modes, feed pH, draw solution composition and concentration, and PFOA concentration on the performance of FO. The experimental results demonstrated that PFOA rejection was 99 % with MgCl2 and slightly >98 % with NaCl draw solutions due to the mechanism of PFOA binding to the membrane surface through Mg2+ ions. This finding highlights the crucial role of the draw solution's composition in PFOA treatment. Laboratory results revealed that membrane rejection of PFOA was 99 % at neutral and acidic pH levels but decreased to 95 % in an alkaline solution at pH 9. The decrease in membrane rejection is attributed to the dissociation of the membrane's functional groups, consequently causing pore swelling. The results were confirmed by calculating the average pore radius of the CTA membrane, which increased from 27.94 nm at pH 5 to 30.70 nm at pH 9. Also, variations in the PFOA concentration from 5 to 100 mg/L did not significantly impact the membrane rejection, indicating the process's capability to handle a wide range of PFOA concentrations. When seawater was the draw solution, the FO membrane rejected 99 % of PFOA concentrations ranging from 5 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The CTA FO treating PFOA-contaminated wastewater from soil remediation achieved a 90 % recovery rate and water flux recovery of 96.5 % after cleaning with DI water at 40 °C, followed by osmotic backwash. The results suggest the potential of using abundant and cost-effective natural solutions in the FO process, all without evident membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Aedan
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Bi Y, Meng X, Tan Z, Geng Q, Peng J, Yong Q, Sun X, Guo M, Wang X. A novel ZIF-L/PEI thin film nanocomposite membrane for removing perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water: Enhanced retention and high flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171727. [PMID: 38492592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane separation technology is widely recognized as an effective method for removing perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water treatment. ZIF-L, a metal-organic framework (MOF) family characterized by its mat-like cavities and leaf-like morphology, has garnered considerable interest and has been extensively employed in fabricating thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. In this study, a robust, high-performance TFN membrane to remove PFASs in a nanofiltration (NF) process was created through an interfacial polymerization approach on the surface of polysulfone (PSF), incorporating ZIF-L within the selective layer. The TFN membrane modified by adding 5 wt% ZIF-L (relative to the weight of ethylene imine polymer (PEI)) exhibits 2.3 times higher water flux (up to 47.56 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1) than the pristine thin film composite membrane (20.46 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1), and the rejection for typical PFASs were above 95 % (98.47 % for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and 95.85 % for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)). The effectiveness of the ZIF-L/PEI TFN membrane in retaining representative PFASs was examined under various conditions, including different pressures, feed concentrations, aqueous environments, and salt ions. Notably, the experiments demonstrated that even after contamination with humic acid (HA), >88 % of the water flux could be restored by washing. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to predict the distinct intermolecular interactions between PFASs and ZIF-L as well as PEI. These calculations provide additional insights into the interception mechanism of TFN membranes towards PFASs. Based on this study, TFN membranes incorporating MOF as nanofillers show great potential as an effective method for purifying PFASs from aqueous environments and possess superior environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Bi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jixing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiaozhi Yong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Ma Q, Lei Q, Liu F, Song Z, Khusid B, Zhang W. Evaluation of commercial nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane filtration to remove per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Effects of transmembrane pressures and water matrices. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10983. [PMID: 38291820 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are now widely found in aquatic ecosystems, including sources of drinking water and portable water, due to their increasing prevalence. Among different PFAS treatment or separation technologies, nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) both yield high rejection efficiencies (>95%) of diverse PFAS in water; however, both technologies are affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study evaluated the rejection of PFAS of different carbon chain length (e.g., PFOA and PFBA) by two commercial RO and NF membranes under different operational conditions (e.g., applied pressure and initial PFAS concentration) and feed solution matrixes, such as pH (4-10), salinity (0- to 1000-mM NaCl), and organic matters (0-10 mM). We further performed principal component analysis (PCA) to demonstrate the interrelationships of molecular weight (213-499 g·mol-1 ), membrane characteristics (RO or NF), feed water matrices, and operational conditions on PFAS rejection. Our results confirmed that size exclusion is a primary mechanism of PFAS rejection by RO and NF, as well as the fact that electrostatic interactions are important when PFAS molecules have sizes less than the NF membrane pores. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Two commercial RO and NF membranes were both evaluated to remove 10 different PFAS. High transmembrane pressures facilitated permeate recovery and PFAS rejection by RO. Electrostatic repulsion and pore size exclusion are dominant rejection mechanisms for PFAS removal. pH, ionic strength, and organic matters affected PFAS rejection. Mechanisms of PFAS rejection with RO/NF membranes were explained by PCA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zimu Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Boris Khusid
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Ji Y, Choi YJ, Fang Y, Pham HS, Nou AT, Lee LS, Niu J, Warsinger DM. Electric Field-Assisted Nanofiltration for PFOA Removal with Exceptional Flux, Selectivity, and Destruction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18519-18528. [PMID: 36657468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and human health risks and thus require solutions for their removal and destruction. However, PFAS cannot be destroyed by widely used removal processes like nanofiltration (NF). A few scarcely implemented advanced oxidation processes can degrade PFAS. In this study, we apply an electric field to a membrane system by placing a nanofiltration membrane between reactive electrodes in a crossflow configuration. The performance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) rejection, water flux, and energy consumption were evaluated. The reactive and robust SnO2-Sb porous anode was created via a sintering and sol-gel process. The characterization and analysis techniques included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography, mass spectroscopy, porosimeter, and pH meter. The PFOA rejection increased from 45% (0 V) to 97% (30 V) when the electric field and filtration were in the same direction, while rejection capabilities worsened in opposite directions. With saline solutions (1 mM Na2SO4) present, the induced electro-oxidation process could effectively mineralize PFOA, although this led to unstable removal and water fluxes. The design achieved an exceptional performance in the nonsaline feed of 97% PFOA rejection and water flux of 68.4 L/m2 hr while requiring only 7.31 × 10-5 kWh/m3/order of electrical energy. The approach's success is attributed to the proximity of the electrodes and membrane, which causes a stronger electric field, weakened concentration polarization, and reduced mass transfer distances of PFOA near the membrane. The proposed electric field-assisted nanofiltration design provides a practical membrane separation method for PFAS removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Youn Jeong Choi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuhang Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hoang Son Pham
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alliyan Tan Nou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Sciences & Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - David M Warsinger
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Liu C, Shen Y, Zhao X, Chen Z, Gao R, Zuo Q, He Q, Ma J, Zhi Y. Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by nanofiltration: Effect of molecular structure and coexisting natural organic matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131438. [PMID: 37099911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the removal efficiency of anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by nanofiltration (NF) in the presence of three representative natural organic matter (NOM) types: bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), and sodium alginate (SA). In particular, effects of PFAS molecular structure and coexisting NOM on the transmission and adsorption efficiency of PFAS during NF treatment were analyzed. The results indicate that NOM types dominate membrane fouling behavior despite the coexistence of PFAS. SA exhibits the most significant fouling propensity, resulting in maximum water flux decline. NF effectively removed both ether and precursor PFAS. The effects of the three typical NOM on the membrane-passing behavior of PFAS were consistent for all PFAS investigated. Generally, PFAS transmission decreased in the order of SA-fouled > pristine > HA-fouled > BSA-fouled, indicating that the presence of HA and BSA enhanced PFAS removal while SA declined. Furthermore, reduced PFAS transmission was observed with increased perfluorocarbon chain length or molecular weight (MW), regardless of the presence or type of the NOM. The impacts of NOM on PFAS filtration diminished when the PFAS van der Waals radius was > 4.0 Å, MW > 500 Da, polarization > 20 Å, or LogKow > 3. These findings suggest that both steric repulsion and hydrophobic interactions, especially the former, play important roles in PFAS rejection by NF. This study provides insights into the specific applicability and performance of membrane-based processes for eliminating PFAS during drinking and wastewater treatments, and highlighting the importance of coexisting NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ye Shen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qingyang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yue Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Shehata N, Egirani D, Olabi AG, Inayat A, Abdelkareem MA, Chae KJ, Sayed ET. Membrane-based water and wastewater treatment technologies: Issues, current trends, challenges, and role in achieving sustainable development goals, and circular economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:137993. [PMID: 36720408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based technologies are recently being considered as effective methods for conventional water and wastewater remediation processes to achieve the increasing demands for clean water and minimize the negative environmental effects. Although there are numerous merits of such technologies, some major challenges like high capital and operating costs . This study first focuses on reporting the current membrane-based technologies, i.e., nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and forward- and reverse-osmosis membranes. The second part of this study deeply discusses the contributions of membrane-based technologies in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) stated by the United Nations (UNs) in 2015 followed by their role in the circular economy. In brief, the membrane based processes directly impact 15 out of 17 SDGs which are SDG1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. However, the merits, challenges, efficiencies, operating conditions, and applications are considered as the basis for evaluating such technologies in sustainable development, circular economy, and future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Davidson Egirani
- Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria
| | - A G Olabi
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Abrar Inayat
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49112, South Korea.
| | - Enas Taha Sayed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt.
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Liu C, Zhao X, Faria AF, Deliz Quiñones KY, Zhang C, He Q, Ma J, Shen Y, Zhi Y. Evaluating the efficiency of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane processes for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water: A critical review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Saawarn B, Mahanty B, Hait S, Hussain S. Sources, occurrence, and treatment techniques of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous matrices: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114004. [PMID: 35970375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of synthetic organic pollutants, have prompted concerns about their global prevalence and possible health effects. This review consolidates the most recent data on different aspects of PFAS, such as their occurrence, and prominent sources. The current literature analysis of PFAS occurrence suggests significant variation in their concentration ranging from 0.025 to 1.2 × 108 ng/L in wastewater, 0.01 to 8.9 × 105 ng/L in surface water, and <0.01 to 1.3 × 104 ng/L in groundwater globally. Since conventional treatment techniques are inadequate in remediating PFAS, innovative treatment approaches based on their removal or mineralization mechanism have been comprehensively reviewed. Advanced treatment technologies have shown degradation or removal of PFAS to be around 6 and > 99.9% in different aqueous matrices. However, due to significant drawbacks in their applicability in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a novel treatment train approach has emerged as an effective alternative. This approach synergistically integrates multiple remediation techniques while addressing the impediments of individual treatments. Furthermore, nanofiltration (NF270) combined with electrochemical degradation has been demonstrated to be the most efficient (>98%) treatment train approach in PFAS remediation. If implemented in WWTPs, nanofiltration followed by adsorption using activated carbon is also a viable method for PFAS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavini Saawarn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Byomkesh Mahanty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India.
| | - Sahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
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11
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Ta HY, Déjugnat C, Balayssac S, Collin F, Balor S, Gilard V, Couderc F. Separation of unsaturated C18 fatty acids using perfluorinated-micellar electrokinetic chromatography: II) role of nano-structuration. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Removing emerging perfluoroalkyl ether acids and fluorotelomer sulfonates from water by nanofiltration membranes: insights into performance and underlying mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Ordonez D, Valencia A, Sadmani AHMA, Chang NB. Green sorption media for the removal of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152886. [PMID: 34998770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the removal of selected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water via two green sorption media (IFGEM-7 and AGEM-2). Both selected green sorption media recipes contain sand (85-91%) and clay (3-4%), in addition to recycled iron (Fe) (5-7.5%) or aluminum (Al) (4.5% in AGEM-2 only). Batch and column studies were integrated and performed using the prescribed green sorption media recipes to determine their efficiencies in removing two most targeted PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In the batch test, while the removal efficiencies of PFOS ranged from 27 to 46% and 23 to 42%, those for PFOA ranged from 6 to 16% and 5 to 18% when using IFGEM-7 and AGEM-2, respectively. The higher removal of PFOS than PFOA observed in both IFGEM-7 and AGEM-2 batch tests could be attributed to higher media affinity for sulfonate groups of PFOS when compared to the carboxylate groups of PFOA. In the column study, the initial removal (within 1 h) by IFGEM-7 was greater than 99% for PFOS and 28% for PFOA. When comparing different dynamic adsorption models, it appears that the non-linear equations could better describe the trend of experimental data compared to the linear forms of the Modified Dose Response model. Life expectancy calculations, performed for demonstration purposes of field applications, suggested that if IFGEM-7 were to be applied in a downflow filter box to treat a hypothetical volume of 60,000 L of water during an emergency response, and it may last for 1506 h (62.8 d) and 4.2 h for a target removal of 80% of PFOS and PFOA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ordonez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Valencia
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - A H M Anwar Sadmani
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ni-Bin Chang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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14
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Kazwini T, Yadav S, Ibrar I, Al-Juboori RA, Singh L, Ganbat N, Karbassiyazdi E, Samal AK, Subbiah S, Altaee A. Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Duong TH, Bang WH, Kim GB, Maeng SK. Lab experiments on hybridization of managed aquifer recharge with river water via sand column, pre-oxidation, and nanofiltration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132350. [PMID: 34582933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hybridization of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with pre-oxidation processes was conducted in this study to investigate changes in dissolved organic matter characteristics and the attenuation of selected trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). Potassium permanganate, chlorine, and ozone treatments were used for pre-oxidation, which effectively attenuated some TrOCs, particularly the combination of MAR with ozone achieved 84-99% attenuation. The pre-oxidation step using potassium permanganate showed high removal of carbamazepine (96%). Moreover, MAR was also combined with nanofiltration (NF) as a multi-barrier concept for the removal of persistent TrOCs after MAR. A short-chain polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) was effectively removed after combining MAR columns with NF membranes. Thus, pre-oxidation coupled with MAR followed by NF could potentially enhance the removal of selected TrOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huyen Duong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyuck Bang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Bum Kim
- Department of Construction Safety and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Jin T, Peydayesh M, Mezzenga R. Membrane-based technologies for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) removal from water: Removal mechanisms, applications, challenges and perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106876. [PMID: 34534787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water purification from per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as a group of persistent and mobile fluoro-organic contaminants, is receiving increasing attention worldwide due to the ubiquitous presence of these highly toxic compounds. To reduce the risk of exposure of human life to PFASs and their dispersion in the environment, various techniques, primarily based on membrane technologies, have been rapidly developed. Here we critically review and analyze the current state-of-the-art of membrane-based techniques for PFASs removal, including direct membrane filtrations, adsorption-based membranes, and hybrid membrane processes. Membranes performance, treatment efficiencies, characteristic parameters and mechanisms for PFASs removal are discussed in detail. We highlight and discuss advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and prospects of individual membrane-based PFASs treatments, pointing towards the practical and sustainable application of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Jin
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Shahabi Nejad M, Soltani Nejad H, Arabnejad S, Sheibani H. Enhanced adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid using functionalized imidazolium iodide ionic
liquid‐based
poly (glycidyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saeid Arabnejad
- Department of Chemistry Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
- Research and Development R&D of Dandehkar Company Kerman Iran
| | - Hassan Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
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18
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Li YF, Chien WY, Liu YJ, Lee YC, Lo SL, Hu CY. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal by flotation with cationic surfactants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128949. [PMID: 33280843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was separated and recovered using a foam flotation process aided by cationic surfactants. The PFOA removal efficiency was in the following decreasing order: OTAB (C8TAB) > DTAB (C10TAB) > CTAB (C16TAB) > TBAB, which indicates that cationic surfactants with an alkyl chain that had a similar length to that of PFOA had higher affinities to PFOA. PFOA removal slightly decreased with increasing ionic strength of the surfactant but did not change with the pH. PFOA could be completely removed in 20 min with 1.25 mM of OTAB in actual wastewater. The energy yield value of foam flotation with a cationic surfactant was much higher than those of other methods, which means that using foam flotation with a cationic surfactant as the collector is a simple, fast, and energy-efficient method to separate and recover PFOA from dilute water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Feng Li
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chien
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Liu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Hu
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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19
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Mastropietro TF, Bruno R, Pardo E, Armentano D. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes for highly efficient PFASs removal: overview, challenges and future perspectives. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5398-5410. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PFASs are called “forever chemicals” because they do not fully degrade. They have become so ubiquitous in the environment that it is difficult to prevent exposure. This review aims to provide a set of improved technologies to remove PFASs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosaria Bruno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Italy
| | - Emilio Pardo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL)
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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20
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Liu CJ, Strathmann TJ, Bellona C. Rejection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aqueous film-forming foam by high-pressure membranes. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116546. [PMID: 33125991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous use and manufacturing of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have led to the contamination of water resources worldwide. High-pressure membranes, including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), are increasingly being deployed for water treatment and may be an effective barrier to PFASs. However, the impact of membrane operating conditions, background water matrix, and solute adsorption on rejection of diverse PFASs by NF and RO remains unclear. Rejection of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) present in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) diluted into a laboratory electrolyte matrix by NF and RO spiral wound elements was >98% and >99%, respectively. Rejection of the same PFAAs present in an AFFF-impacted groundwater matrix by NF was lower, between 92-98%, and was attributed to background water matrix constituents. Operating conditions did not have a significant impact on rejection of PFASs with the exception of shorter chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in the AFFF-impacted groundwater matrix, where rejection increased with increasing flux. Structure-activity analysis of 42 PFASs, including 10 PFAAs and 32 PFASs identified in AFFF through high-resolution mass spectrometry suspect screening methods, showed some correlation between rejection and compound molecular weight. Adsorptive losses of PFAAs, most notably longer-chain hydrophobic PFAAs, to the spiral wound membrane elements and the membrane system were observed. Adsorption of PFAAs to the permeate spacer was especially pronounced and may have implications of artificially high rejection values. Still, rejection of PFASs by NF remained consistently >98% over 13 days of continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie J Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
| | - Christopher Bellona
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.
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21
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Enhanced treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids in groundwater by membrane separation and electrochemical oxidation. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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22
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Lin D, Liang H, Li G. Factors affecting the removal of bromate and bromide in water by nanofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24639-24649. [PMID: 31352601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromide is universal in surface water influenced by salt tide and brackish water. It is harmless to human until transferring to bromate (a kind of disinfection byproducts) under certain conditions such as oxidation. Though both of them are not easily removed by conventional water treatment, nanofiltration seems to be an efficient way to solve the problems. In this study, the removal of bromate and bromide by nanofiltration membranes were systematically investigated, considering the system pressure (0.2-0.3-0.4 MPa), pH (5-7-9), ionic strength (0.005-0.05-0.1 mM), membrane type (NF270 and NF90), and the influences of organic matters (humic acid and sodium alginate). The membrane flux and the removal efficiency of anions were taken into consideration. According to the results, the membrane flux increased along with the system pressure, but slight influence on the removal of bromate and bromide was observed. Rising pH and ionic strength could not obviously deteriorate the flux. However, the removal of these anions was enhanced by increasing pH as well as decreasing ionic strength. Compared with humic acid, severer flux decline and deterioration of anion removal were achieved when sodium alginate was added in feed solution. Regardless of the operating conditions, bromate was more easily removed by nanofiltration membranes than bromide, which could result from different steric hindrance. Compared with NF270, NF90 can reject bromide and bromate more efficiently. The findings in the present study would contribute to the deep understanding of the factors affecting removal of bromate and bromide by nanofiltration and provides guidance about application of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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23
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Aher A, Nickerson T, Jordan C, Thorpe F, Hatakeyama E, Ormsbee L, Majumder M, Bhattacharyya D. Ion and organic transport in Graphene oxide membranes: Model development to difficult water remediation applications. J Memb Sci 2020; 604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Lu D, Sha S, Luo J, Huang Z, Zhang Jackie X. Treatment train approaches for the remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121963. [PMID: 31896004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have recently drawn great attention due to their ubiquitous presence in aquatic environments and potential toxicity to human health and the environment. A number of recent studies have demonstrated that "passive" removal approaches, such as adsorption, filtration, and reverse osmosis or "active" degradation technologies, such as enhanced photolysis, electrochemical oxidation, and sonochemical destruction, are all able to individually conduct remedial measures for PFAS contamination at some level. However, drawbacks, specifically high energy consumption, low cost-efficiency, and extreme operating conditions, are commonly observed from these studies which significantly suppress the future for commercialization of these innovative technologies. Since 2015, a new trend of PFAS remediation has emerged that uses multiple synergetic technologies simultaneously (known as treatment train processes) to effectively achieve in-situ remediation of PFAS. This paper provides new insight of the recently reported treatment train studies selected from approximately 150 different publications with regards to the remediation of PFAS and discusses their innovative designs, remediation performances, present limits, and possible improvements. Based on a comprehensive review of the current treatment train studies, this review work proposes a new design that consists of three individual technologies, namely, nanofiltration, electrochemical anodic oxidation, and electro-Fenton degradation, to maximize economic and environmental benefits of PFAS remedial measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingnan Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
| | - Jiayue Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
| | - Zhuangrong Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang Jackie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
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25
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Selected advanced water treatment technologies for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Chen H, Zhang H, Tian J, Shi J, Linhardt RJ, Ye TDX, Chen S. Recovery of High Value-Added Nutrients from Fruit and Vegetable Industrial Wastewater. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1388-1402. [PMID: 33336910 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The industrial processing water of fruit and vegetables has raised serious environmental concerns due to the presence of many important bioactive compounds being disposed in the wastewater. Bioactive compounds have great potential for the food industry to optimize their process and to recover these compounds in order to develop value-added products and to reduce environmental impacts. However, to achieve this goal, some challenges need to be addressed such as safety assurance, technology request, product regulations, cost effectiveness, and customer factors. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the recent advances of bioactive compounds recovery and the current challenges in wastewater from fruit and vegetable processing industry, including fruit and beverage, soybean by-products, starch and edible oil industry. Moreover, future direction for novel and green technology of bioactive compounds recovery are discussed, and a prospect of bioactive compounds reuse and sustainable development is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Tian Ding Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
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27
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Soriano Á, Gorri D, Urtiaga A. Selection of High Flux Membrane for the Effective Removal of Short-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Soriano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria Avenida de Los Castros s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Daniel Gorri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria Avenida de Los Castros s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria Avenida de Los Castros s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
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28
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Zeng C, Tanaka S, Suzuki Y, Fujii S. Impact of feed water pH and membrane material on nanofiltration of perfluorohexanoic acid in aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:599-604. [PMID: 28575703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration was thought to be a good option for the recovery of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) from industrial wastewater. In this study, two commercially available nanofiltration (NF) membranes (NF 270 and NTR-7450) were tested to concentrate the PFHxA in aqueous solution. Filtration test was conducted in crossflow filtration mode. Membrane flux and PFHxA rejection rate were monitored throughout the filtration test. The impact of initial feed water pH on membrane performance was investigated. Results demonstrated that the two NF membranes showed different response to the change of initial feed water pH, which was caused by the intrinsic properties of membrane material. The flux performance of NF 270 was stable, while its rejection rate of PFHxA was very sensitive to the change of initial feed water pH. Opposite result was obtained with NTR-7450. It had a very good stability on rejection rate, while its flux was very sensitive to the change of initial feed water pH. The mechanisms behind these phenomena were also discussed. The results obtained in this study should be very useful for the process design in practical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zeng
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fujii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Yu S, Zhang X, Li F, Zhao X. Influence of trace cobalt(II) on surfactant fouling of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Soriano Á, Gorri D, Urtiaga A. Efficient treatment of perfluorohexanoic acid by nanofiltration followed by electrochemical degradation of the NF concentrate. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 112:147-156. [PMID: 28157603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at the development of a strategy for removing and degrading perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) from industrial process waters at concentrations in the range 60-200 mg L-1. The treatment train consisted of nanofiltration (NF) separation followed by electrochemical degradation of the NF concentrate. Using a laboratory-scale system and working in the total recirculation mode, the DowFilm NF270 membrane provided PFHxA rejections that varied in the range 96.6-99.4% as the operating pressure was increased from 2.5 to 20 bar. The NF operation in concentration mode enabled a volume reduction factor of 5 and increased the PFHxA concentration in the retentate to 870 mg L-1. Results showed that the increase in PFHxA concentration and the presence of calcium sulfate salts did not induce irreversible membrane fouling. The NF retentate was treated in a commercial undivided electrochemical cell provided with two parallel flow-by compartments separated by bipolar boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, BDD counter anode, and counter cathode. Current densities ranging from 20 to 100 A m-2 were examined. The electrochemical degradation rate of PFHxA reached 98% and was accompanied by its efficient mineralization, as the reduction of total organic carbon was higher than 95%. Energy consumption, which was 15.2 kWh m-3 of treated NF concentrate, was minimized by selecting operation at 50 A m-2. While most of the previous research on the treatment of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) focused on the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), these compounds have been phased out by chemical manufacturers. Our findings are relevant for the treatment of PFHxA, which appears to be one of the present alternatives to long-chain PFASs thanks to its lower bioaccumulative potential than PFOA and PFOS. However, PFHxA also behaves as a persistent pollutant. Moreover, our results highlight the potential of combining membrane separation and electrochemical oxidation for the efficient treatment of PFAS-impacted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Soriano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Daniel Gorri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain.
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Behavior and rejection mechanisms of fruit juice phenolic compounds in model solution during nanofiltration. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Boonya-Atichart A, Boontanon SK, Boontanon N. Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in groundwater by nanofiltration membrane. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2627-2633. [PMID: 27973367 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is very persistent in the environment and resistant to typical degradation processes. PFOA has been widely used in surface-active agents and as an emulsifier in several products and can contaminate groundwater. Groundwater is considered as an important source of water; hence removal of PFOA contamination in groundwater is needed. This study aimed to examine the removal of PFOA in spiked deionized water and spiked groundwater samples by nanofiltration (NF) membrane. PFOA removal efficiency was performed by using NF membrane and all samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). For groundwater concentration, solid phase extraction is needed before being analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that at higher pressures and higher PFOA concentrations, the PFOA removal efficiencies were slightly higher. The PFOA removal efficiency of spiked deionized water and spiked groundwater sample were 99.78-99.87% and 99.49-99.54%, respectively, which were not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisara Boonya-Atichart
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand E-mail:
| | - Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand E-mail:
| | - Narin Boontanon
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Santos A, Rodríguez S, Pardo F, Romero A. Use of Fenton reagent combined with humic acids for the removal of PFOA from contaminated water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:657-663. [PMID: 26412418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are receiving significant attention due to its global distribution, high persistence, and bioaccumulation properties. Among them, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most commonly found in the environment. The strong bond C-F in PFOA is extremely difficult to degrade, therefore advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) at room temperature and pressure are not able to oxidize them, as was noticed here using Fenton like reagent (FR) or persulfate (PS) at 25°C. On the contrary, by using persulfate activated by heat (100mM and T=70°C) a complete defluorination of PFOA 0.1mM was noticed after 18h, with a sequential degradation mechanism of losing one CF2 unit from PFOA and its intermediates (perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)). Since this thermal treatment is not usually desirable from an economical point of view, alternative process has been tested. For this scope, a hybrid process is proposed in this work, by adding humic acid, HA, (600mgL(-1)) and FR, (165mM in H2O2 and 3mM in Fe(3+)) to the 0.1mM PFOA solution. It was found that the HA was oxidized by FR. PFOA was entrapped quantitatively and irreversibly during HA oxidation, resulting PFOA non-available to the aqueous phase. Oxidized HA with PFOA entrapped precipitates. Both, the leftover Fe(III) acting as a coagulant and neutral pH enhance the separation of this solid phase. The precipitation noticed by adding HA to the PFOA solution in absence of FR was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Santos
- Av. Complutense s/N, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, UCM, Spain.
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Av. Complutense s/N, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, UCM, Spain
| | - Fernando Pardo
- Av. Complutense s/N, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, UCM, Spain
| | - Arturo Romero
- Av. Complutense s/N, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, UCM, Spain
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate removal by nanofiltration membrane—the effect and interaction of magnesium ion / humic acid. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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