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LaVallie A, Andrianova AA, Schumaker J, Reagen S, Lu S, Smoliakova IP, Kozliak EI, Kubátová A. Unfolding of Lignin Structure Using Size-Exclusion Fractionation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3956. [PMID: 37836005 PMCID: PMC10574856 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous and recalcitrant structure of lignin hinders its practical application. Here, we describe how new approaches to lignin characterization can reveal structural details that could ultimately lead to its more efficient utilization. A suite of methods, which enabled mass balance closure, the evaluation of structural features, and an accurate molecular weight (MW) determination, were employed and revealed unexpected structural features of the five alkali lignin fractions obtained with preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). A thermal carbon analysis (TCA) provided quantitative temperature profiles based on sequential carbon evolution, including the final oxidation of char. The TCA results, supported with thermal desorption/pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-Py-GC-MS) and 31P NMR spectroscopy, revealed the unfolding of the lignin structure as a result of the SEC fractionation, due to the disruption of the interactions between the high- and low-MW components. The "unraveled" lignin revealed poorly accessible hydroxyl groups and showed an altered thermal behavior. The fractionated lignin produced significantly less char upon pyrolysis, 2 vs. 47%. It also featured a higher occurrence of low-MW thermal evolution products, particularly guaiacol carbonyls, and more than double the number of OH groups accessible for phosphitylation. These observations indicate pronounced alterations in the lignin intermolecular association following size-exclusion fractionation, which may be used for more efficient lignin processing in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey LaVallie
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
- Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College, 220 8th Ave. E, New Town, ND 58763, USA
| | - Anastasia A. Andrianova
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
- Agilent Technologies, 2850 Centerville Rd., Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Joshua Schumaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
- SCIEX, 1201 Radio Rd., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA
| | - Sarah Reagen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
- North Dakota Office of the Attorney General, Crime Laboratory Division, 2641 E Main Ave., Bismarck, ND 58501, USA
| | - Shelly Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
| | - Irina P. Smoliakova
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
| | - Evguenii I. Kozliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell St., Mail Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (A.L.); (A.A.A.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (I.P.S.)
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Yu H, Xue Z, Wang Y, Yan C, Chen L, Mu T. Enabling Efficient Dissolution and Fractionation of Lignin by Renewable and Adjustable Dimethyl Isosorbide-Based Solvent Systems. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Nivedha M, Manisha M, Gopinath M, Baskar G, Tamilarasan K. Fractionation, characterization, and economic evaluation of alkali lignin from saw industry waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125260. [PMID: 34015566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work was focused on the investigation of lignin isolation from saw industry biomass (sawdust (SD)) using alkali solution, and to perform economic analysis for 2000 kg/batch hypothetical plant using techno-economic analysis. The isolated lignin was fractionated using organic solvent to obtain purified lignin. FTIR and 1H NMR analysis were performed to examine the structural characteristics of lignin. Lignin nanoparticles (LN) showed higher total phenolic content (TPC) (244.1 ± 2 µg of GAE per mg) and antioxidant activity (63.2 ± 1.7%) compared with crude lignin (CL), ethanol fractionated lignin (EL), and acetone fractionated lignin (AL). SuperPro designer was exposed to design and simulated 2000 kg/batch of sawdust fractionation process. The techno-economic analysis estimated that the lignin production cost is about $ 487,000 per year, and the annual revenue could be $ 1,850,000 per year. The techno-economic analysis and sensitivity analysis could be useful for the industrial level sawdust fractionation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Nivedha
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhusudhanan Manisha
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Margavelu Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai-600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liang X, Wang J, Liu H. Quantitative recovery and regeneration of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate via industrial strategy for sustainable biomass processing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124726. [PMID: 33486410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative recovery is necessary for scale-up application of acidic ionic liquids (AILs). Ultrafiltration and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) was employed for the recovery and regeneration of acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (Bmim[HSO4]) after biomass pretreatment. Ultrafiltration was designed for the purification of BMED feed solution. During BMED treatment, Bmim+ retention with OH- generation occurred in mixing section and SO42- immigration with H+ generation occurred in aciding section. Resulting aqueous Bmim[OH] in mixing section and H2SO4 in aciding section could be utilized for quantitative synthesis of Bmim[HSO4]. Influence of BMED operating mode and major parameters including BMED feed concentration and current density of BMED module were studied in detail. The highest recovery ratio for Bmim+ and SO42- reached 96.2% and 96.0%. And the lowest energy consumption of specific Bmim[HSO4] recovery approached 9.0 kw∙h/kg. Insight gained from this study suggested a sustainable biomass processing methodology using AILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Junyu Wang
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Hantao Liu
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for Solar Energy Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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5
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Penín L, López M, Santos V, Alonso JL, Parajó JC. Technologies for Eucalyptus wood processing in the scope of biorefineries: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123528. [PMID: 32444114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is the most widely planted type of hardwoods, and represents an important biomass source for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. Its industrial benefit can be achieved by processes following the biorefinery concept, which is based on the selective separation ("fractionation") of the major components (hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin), and on the generation of added-value from the resulting fractions. This article provides a in-depth assessment on the composition of Eucalyptus wood and a critical evaluation of selected technologies allowing its overall exploitation. These latter include treatments with organosolvents and with emerging fractionation agents (ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents). The comparative evaluation of the diverse processing technologies is carried out in terms of degree of fractionation, yields and selectivities. The weak and strong points, challenges, and opportunities of the diverse fractionation methods are identified, focusing on the integral utilization of the feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Penín
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mar López
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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6
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Thoresen PP, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Recent advances in organosolv fractionation: Towards biomass fractionation technology of the future. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123189. [PMID: 32220471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategies for valorising lignocellulosic biomass and could facilitate the transition towards enhanced utilization of renewable feedstocks. However, issues such as inefficient solvent recycle and fractionation has to be overcome. The present review aims to address these issues and discuss the role of the components present during organosolv treatment and their influence on the overall process. Thus, the review focuses not only on how the choice of solvent and catalyst affects lignocellulosic fractionation, but also on how the choice of treatment liquor influences the possibility for solvent recycling and product isolation. Several organic solvents have been investigated in combination with water and acid/base catalysts; however, the lack of a holistic approach often compromises the performance of the different operational units. Thus, an economically viable organosolv process should optimize biomass fractionation, product isolation, and solvent recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
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7
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Gunasekaran V, Ramesh S, Sathiasivan K, Shankar M, Rajesh M, Tamilarasan K. Simultaneous organosolv pretreatment and detoxification of agro-biomass for efficient lignin extraction and characterization. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Pu L, Wang X, Shang K, Cao Q, Gao S, Han Y, Sun G, Li Y, Zhou J. Glass bead-catalyzed depolymerization of poplar wood lignin into low-molecular-weight products. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A kind of non-precious glass bead catalyst was prepared by a subcritical water treatment method for the depolymerisation of poplar lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Kaiping Shang
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qiping Cao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Si Gao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Ying Han
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Guangwei Sun
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yao Li
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian
- China
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9
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Liang X, Fu Y, Chang J. Research on the quick and efficient recovery of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride after biomass pretreatment with ionic liquid-aqueous alcohol system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:760-767. [PMID: 28926907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based methodology electrodialysis (ED) was employed for the quick and efficient recovery of ionic liquid AmimCl from the aqueous solutions after biomass pretreatment with AmimCl-aqueous methanol/ethanol systems. IL recovery performance was relatively stable as the variation of IL-alcohol systems employed in the pretreatment process. IL recovery ratio (R) of 66%-71%, IL recovery performance of specific energy consumption (Sp) of 429-467g/kwh and IL transport rate (Tr) of 5.3-8.2g/(m2min) were obtained by single ED treatment. Enhanced IL recovery performance was resulted with the semi-continuous ED-assisted process with R reached 93% and Sp reached 482g/kwh. Based on the characteristics of IL solutions, influence of different AmimCl-based solvents pretreatment on IL recovery was discussed and feasibility of electrodialysis treatment for such IL recovery task was also analyzed. Potential gained from this study suggests a feasible methodology for the quick and efficient recovery of ionic liquid after biomass pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- The Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Fu
- The Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Chang
- The Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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10
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Controlled release for crop and wood protection: Recent progress toward sustainable and safe nanostructured biocidal systems. J Control Release 2017; 262:139-150. [PMID: 28739450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We review biocide delivery systems (BDS), which are designed to deter or control harmful organisms that damage agricultural crops, forests and forest products. This is a timely topic, given the growing socio-economical concerns that have motivated major developments in sustainable BDS. Associated designs aim at improving or replacing traditional systems, which often consist of biocides with extreme behavior as far as their solubility in water. This includes those that compromise or pollute soil and water (highly soluble or volatile biocides) or those that present low bioavailability (poorly soluble biocides). Major breakthroughs are sought to mitigate or eliminate consequential environmental and health impacts in agriculture and silviculture. Here, we consider the most important BDS vehicles or carriers, their synthesis, the environmental impact of their constituents and interactions with the active components together with the factors that affect their rates of release such as environmental factors and interaction of BDS with the crops or forest products. We put in perspective the state-of-the-art nanostructured carriers for controlled release, which need to address many of the challenges that exist in the application of BDS.
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Yuan X, Duan Y, He L, Singh S, Simmons B, Cheng G. Characterization of white poplar and eucalyptus after ionic liquid pretreatment as a function of biomass loading using X-ray diffraction and small angle neutron scattering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:113-118. [PMID: 28214697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study was performed to understand interactions among biomass loading during ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment, biomass type and biomass structures. White poplar and eucalyptus samples were pretreated using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc) at 110°C for 3h at biomass loadings of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25wt%. All of the samples were chemically characterized and tested for enzymatic hydrolysis. Physical structures including biomass crystallinity and porosity were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), respectively. SANS detected pores of radii ranging from ∼25 to 625Å, enabling assessment of contributions of pores with different sizes to increased porosity after pretreatment. Contrasting dependences of sugar conversion on white poplar and eucalyptus as a function of biomass loading were observed and cellulose crystalline structure was found to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonghao Duan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lilin He
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37830, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Blake Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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12
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Kassanov B, Wang J, Fu Y, Chang J. Cellulose enzymatic saccharification and preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural based on bamboo hydrolysis residue separation in ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid/ethanol was used in bamboo hydrolysis residue (BHR) to separate lignin and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekbolat Kassanov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Jie Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
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13
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Liang X, Fu Y, Chang J. Recovery of ionic liquid via a hybrid methodology of electrodialysis with ultrafiltration after biomass pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:289-296. [PMID: 27589823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid membrane-based methodology of electrodialysis (ED) with ultrafiltration (UF) was employed to recover the IL BmimBr (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide) after biomass fractionation. Ultrafiltration was used to remove the residual lignin in IL solutions. Influence of molecular weight interception of UF treatment, initial IL concentration in dilute section, applied voltage and flow rate in each section of ED module were studied in detail. In this study, the highest overall IL recovery ratio reached 75.2% and the current efficiency of ED process approached 79.1%. Besides, the highest IL recovery performance of specific energy consumption was about 514.1g/kw·h. Insight gained from this study suggests a potential methodology for IL recovery after the pretreatment process for biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- The Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yan Fu
- The Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jie Chang
- The Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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