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Piao M, Du H, Teng H. An overview of the recent advances and future prospects of three-dimensional particle electrode systems for treating wastewater. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27712-27732. [PMID: 39224647 PMCID: PMC11367087 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology is considered a very effective industrial wastewater treatment method for its high treatment efficiency, high current efficiency, low energy consumption, and, especially, ability to completely mineralize nonbiodegradable organic contaminants. Particle electrodes, which are the fundamental components of 3D electrochemical technology, have multiple functions in the electrochemical reaction process. Various types of particle electrodes have been created and applied for wastewater treatment. Herein, we present a thorough analysis of the research and development of particle electrodes used for electrocatalyzing pollutants. Initially, reactor designs, factors affecting the removal efficiency of pollutants and degradation mechanisms are introduced. In particular, a detailed investigation is conducted into the selection of particle electrode materials and the roles they play in the 3D electrochemical treatment of wastewater. Subsequently, the degradation efficiency and energy consumption associated with 3D electrochemical technology for different pollutants are investigated. Finally, the directions and outlook for further studies on particle electrodes are discussed. We believe that this review will offer a useful perspective on the development and application of particle electrodes for wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Piao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University 1301 Haifeng Road Siping 136000 China
- College of Engineering, Jilin Normal University Siping China
| | - Hongxue Du
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University 1301 Haifeng Road Siping 136000 China
| | - Honghui Teng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University 1301 Haifeng Road Siping 136000 China
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2
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Jin H, Xu X, Liu R, Wu X, Chen X, Chen D, Zheng X, Zhao M, Yu Y. Electro-oxidation of Ibuprofen using carbon-supported SnO x-CeO x flow-anodes: The key role of high-valent metal. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121229. [PMID: 38324989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Exploiting electrochemically active materials as flow-anodes can effectively alleviate mass transfer restriction in an electro-oxidation system. However, the electrocatalytic activity and persistence of the conventional flow-anode materials are insufficient, resulting in limited improvement in the electro-oxidation rate and efficiency. Herein, we reported a rational strategy to substantially enhance the electrocatalytic performance of flow-anodes in electro-oxidation by introducing the redox cycle of high-valent metal in a suitable carbon substrate. The characterization suggested that the SnOx-CeOx/carbon black (CB) featured well-distributed morphology, rapid charge transfer, high oxygen evolution potential, and strong water adsorption, and stood out among three kinds of SnOx-CeOx loaded carbon materials. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the redox cycle of Ce species played a key role in accelerating the electron transfer from SnOx to CB directionally and could continuously create the electron-deficient state of the SnOx, thereby sustainably triggering the generation of ·OH. All these features enabled the resulting SnOx-CeOx/CB flow-anode to accomplish a calculated maximum kinetic constant of 0.02461 1/min, a higher current efficiency of 47.1%, and a lower energy consumption of 21.3 kWh/kg COD compared with other conventional flow-anodes reported to date. Additionally, SnOx-CeOx/CB exhibited excellent stability with extremely low leaching concentrations of Sn and Ce ions. This study provides a feasible manner for efficient water decontamination using the electro-oxidation system with SnOx-CeOx/CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachang Jin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Renlan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Ecological Environment Protection Administrative Law Enforcement Team of Rui'an City, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Min Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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3
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Yadav S, Ghangrekar MM, Surampalli RY. 3D electro-Fenton augmented with iron-biochar particle electrodes derived from waste iron bottle caps and sugarcane bagasse for the remediation of sodium dodecyl sulphate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117998. [PMID: 38145735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates a novel strategy of synthesizing iron-biochar (Fe@BCSB) composite made with the waste iron bottle cap and sugar cane bagasse for implementation in the three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3DEF) process. The catalytic ability of the Fe@BCSB composite was explored to remediate the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant from wastewater at neutral pH. At the optimum operating condition of Fe@BCSB dose of 1.0 g L-1, current density of 4.66 mA cm-2, and Na2SO4 dose of 50 mM, nearly 92.7 ± 3.1% of 20 mg L-1 of SDS abatement was attained during 120 min of electrolysis time. Moreover, the Fe@BCSB showed significant recyclability up to six cycles. Besides, other organics were successfully treated with more than 85% abatement efficiency in the proposed Fe@BCSB-supported 3DEF process. The total operating cost obtained during SDS treatment was around 0.31 US$ m-3 of wastewater. The phytotoxicity test revealed the positive impact of the 3DEF-treated effluent on the germination of the Vigna radiata. The electron paramagnetic resonance conveyed •OH as the prevailing reactive species for the oxidation of SDS in the 3DEF process. Further, about 81.3 ± 3.8% of SDS and 53.7 ± 4.1% of mineralization efficacy were acquired from the real institutional sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shraddha Yadav
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Kansas, USA
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4
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Mao W, Gu Y, Kang W, Yu H. Facilitated OH¯ diffusion via bubble motion and water flow in a novel electrochemical reactor for enhancing homogeneous nucleation of CaCO 3. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120195. [PMID: 37302179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry is a potential method for water softening. An essential disadvantage is OH¯ ions from water electrolysis accumulate on cathode surface, inducing the generation of the insulating CaCO3 layer and then interrupting the electrochemical reaction. In order to propel OH¯ diffusion into the bulk solution instead of aggregation at cathode, we designed an electrochemical reactor, whose electrodes were placed horizontally in the middle of the reactor, and the bubbles created by water electrolysis move upward, while the water flows downward. The visual evidence displayed that the unique reactor structure allowed OH¯ to spread to almost all the solution rapidly. Average pH value of bulk solution reached 10.6 in only 3 min. Therefore, homogeneous nucleation of CaCO3 in bulk solution would take primary responsibility for water softening, and the softening efficiency is up to 212.9 g CaCO3/h/m2, higher than reported results. The reactor is easy to scale up, providing a new idea for the softening of circulating cooling water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenda Kang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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5
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Dan H, Han S, Gao Y, Gao B, Yue Q. Sono-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton catalysis: magnetic halloysite nanotube synthesis and accelerated free radical generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90799-90813. [PMID: 37460893 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Although heterogeneous Fenton catalysis has captured increasing attention compared to its homogeneous counterpart, it still confronts some inherent drawbacks in use, such as the dilemma in solid-liquid separation and greater mass transfer resistance. Driven by the acoustic cavitation effect, herein, a sono-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton catalysis process was built to overcome the above two shortcomings, by rapidly synthesizing magnetic Fenton-like catalysts and accelerating electron transfer during the catalytic reaction. The results show that, compared to the traditional chemical coprecipitation method, Fe3O4 with smaller particle size and better crystallinity grew on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) by using the sonochemical strategy, leading to displaying the higher catalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue (MB, improved by ~2.5 times). In parallel, more •OH and •O2- were produced after the ultrasound was further introduced to the routine Fenton-like catalysis system, thus highly accelerating the removal of MB (improved by ~50%). Besides, benefiting from the robust chemical integration of Fe3O4 and HNTs, Fe3O4@HNTs-S had a lower iron ion leaching in use, showing superior catalytic stability. The speed, simplicity, and generality, together with the enhanced mass transfer rate, make the use of ultrasound an enabling methodology to improve the heterogeneous Fenton catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Dan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Shang D, Zheng W, Zhao P, Li Y, Xie L, Zhang J, Zhan S, Hu W. Investigation on the reaction kinetic mechanism of polydopamine-loaded copper as dual-functional catalyst in heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138339. [PMID: 36893871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process has been regarded as a promising method in environmental remediation. However, the reaction kinetic mechanism of the HEF catalyst for simultaneous production and activation of H2O2 remained confounded. Herein, the copper supported on polydopamine (Cu/C) was synthesized by a facile method and employed as a bifunctional HEFcatalyst, and the catalytic kinetic pathways were deeply investigated by using rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) voltammetry based on the Damjanovic model. Experimental results substantiated that a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) and a sequential Fenton oxidation reaction were proceeded on 1.0-Cu/C, where metallic copper played a crucial role in the fabrication of 2e- active sites as well as utmost H2O2 activation to produce highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the high H2O2 productivity (52.2%) and the almost complete removal of contaminant ciprofloxacin (CIP) after 90 min. The work not only expanded the idea of reaction mechanism on Cu-based catalyst in HEF process but also provided a promising catalyst for pollutants degradation in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Tianjin Branch, Tianjin, 300452, China
| | - Yi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus, Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.
| | - Liangbo Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus, Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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7
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Cao T, Zhang R, Yao K. Highly applicable dual-cathode electro-Fenton system with self-adjusting pH and ferrous species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116099. [PMID: 37172680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high dependence on the pH of influent water and the level of ferrous species, the applicability of the electro-Fenton (EF) system is poor. A highly applicable dual-cathode (DC) EF system with self-adjusting pH and ferrous species is proposed: gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for generation H2O2 and Fe/S doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe/S-MWCNT) modification active cathode (AC) for adjusting pH and iron species. The strong synergistic enhancement effect between two cathodes (synergy factor up to 90.3%) improves the catalytic activity of this composite system about 12.4 times higher than that of cathode alone. Impressively, AC has the ability of self-regulate to shift towards the optimal Fenton pH (around 3.0) without adding reagents. Even pH can be adjusted from 9.0 to 3.4 within 60 min. This characteristic gives the system a wide range of pH applications, while avoiding the disadvantage of the high cost of traditional EF in pre-acidification. Furthermore, DC has a high and stable ferrous species supply, and the iron leaching amount is about twice less than that of heterogeneous EF system. Long-term stability of the DC system and its easy activity regeneration exhibit the potential of environmental remediation in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Chen
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yimei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Ting Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kaiwen Yao
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Cai N, Bai G, Zhang T, Lei Y, Guo P, Chen Z, Xu J. Three-dimensional heterogeneous electro-Fenton system with reduced graphene oxide based particle electrode for Acyclovir removal. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023; 35:108514. [PMID: 37362325 PMCID: PMC10139746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
New pollutant pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), especially antiviral drugs, have received increasing attention not only due to their increase in usage after the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemics but also due to their adverse impacts on water ecological environment. Electro-Fenton technology is an effective method to remove PPCPs from water. Novel particle electrodes (MMT/rGO/Fe3O4) were synthesized by depositing Fe3O4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide modified montmorillonite and acted as catalysts to promote oxidation performance in a three-dimensional Electro-Fenton (3D-EF) system. The electrodes combined the catalytic property of Fe3O4, hydrophilicity of montmorillonite and electrical conductivity of graphene oxides, and applied for the degradation of Acyclovir (ACV) with high efficiency and ease of operation. At optimal condition, the degradation rate of ACV reached 100% within 120 min, and the applicable pH range could be 3 to 11 in the 3D-EF system. The stability and reusability of MMT/rGO/Fe3O4 particle electrodes were also studied, the removal rate of ACV remained at 92% after 10 cycles, which was just slightly lower than that of the first cycle. Potential degradation mechanisms were also proposed by methanol quenching tests and FT-ICR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqian Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Restoration in Farmland Soil, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
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9
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Song Y, Wang A, Ren S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Flow-through heterogeneous electro-Fenton system using a bifunctional FeOCl/carbon cloth/activated carbon fiber cathode for efficient degradation of trimethoprim at neutral pH. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115303. [PMID: 36642126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of multifunctional cathode with high-efficiency and stable catalytic activity for simultaneously producing and activating H2O2 is an effective way for promoting the performance of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process (HEF). In addition, accelerating mass transfer by adopting a flow-through reactor is also great importance because of its better utilization of catalysts and adequate contact of the contaminant with the oxidants generated on the electrode surface. Herein, a novel flow-through HEF (FHEF) system was designed for the degradation of trimethoprim (TMP) using bifunctional cathode with a sandwich structure FeOCl nanosheets loaded onto carbon cloth (CC) and activated carbon fiber (ACF) (FeOCl/CC/ACF). The cathode exhibited excellent performance in activating H2O2 for the in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements and radical quenching tests proved that the high production of •OH in the FHEF process was favorable to the high catalytic efficiency. 25 mg L-1 TMP was entirely degraded after 60 min, with the TOC removal of 62.6% (180 min) at pH 6.8, 9.0 mA cm-2, and flux rate 210 mL min-1. Moreover, the degradation rate still could reach 83% (60 min) after 10 cycles without obvious valence and crystal phase changes. Simultaneously, the current utilization rate has also been greatly enhanced, with an average current efficiency of 69.9% and a low energy consumption of 0.28 kWh kg-1. The reasonable degradation pathways for TMP were proposed based on the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS results. Finally, the results of toxicological simulation showed a declining trend in the toxicity of the samples during TMP degradation. These results claim that the FeOCl/CC/ACF-FHEF system is an efficient and economical technology for the treatment of organic contaminants in effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Songyu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Environment, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, China
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10
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Guo F, Lou Y, Yan Q, Xiong J, Luo J, Shen C, Vayenas DV. Insight into the Fe-Ni/biochar composite supported three-dimensional electro-Fenton removal of electronic industry wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116466. [PMID: 36327605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the efficient removal of the bio-refractory organic pollutants in the electronic industry wastewater, the Ni-Fe (oxides) modified three-dimension (3D) particle electrode was applied in electro-Fenton system (3D/EF), where iron ions were released from anode and deposited onto algal biochar (ABC) to prepare composite catalyst during reaction process. Firstly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were applied to confirm successful fabrication of the 3D particle electrode materials. Secondly, COD removal efficiency could reach about 80%, which was about 20% higher than that in 2D/EF system, under the optimized conditions as 2.0 g/L of Ni-ABC particle electrodes, initial pH of 3, 100 mL/min of aeration intensity and 20 mA/cm2 of applied current density. Thirdly, characterized using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis, it seemed that most of the macromolecular substances could be degraded, whereas mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was identified as the most abundant and representative compound. Finally, possible degradation pathway of MEHP in 3D/EF system was proposed including dealkylation, cleavage of C-O bond, and demethylation. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy in designing EF system employing bimetal doped biochar composite for an efficient elimination of organic pollutants within electronic industry wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaoyin Lou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qun Yan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215011, China.
| | - Jianglei Xiong
- China Electronics System Engineering No. 2 Construction Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- China Electronics System Engineering No. 2 Construction Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Chikang Shen
- China Electronics System Engineering No. 2 Construction Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214001, China
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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11
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Yan W, Chen J, Wu J, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang Q, Tang Y, Jiang B. Investigation on the adverse impacts of electrochemically produced ClO x- on assessing the treatment performance of dimensionally stable anode (DSA) for Cl --containing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136848. [PMID: 36243090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of chloride ions can facilitate the COD removal efficiency due to the involvement of active chlorine species in the electro-oxidation process, but few attentions have been paid to the negative effect of the electro-generated oxychlorides on electro-oxidation performance. In this study, the effects of oxychlorides were investigated as functions of current density and phenol concentration using DSA anodes in terms of the evaluation of the COD removal performance and the biological toxicity. The results show that oxychlorides formed in the electro-oxidation system could result in the over-evaluation of the COD removal performance. Increasing current density (15-50 mA cm-2) aggravated the over-evaluation of COD removal (4%-18%), owing to the enhancement in the electrochemical generation of oxychlorides. The increase of phenol concentration inhibited the production of oxychlorides, but the effect of oxychlorides on COD values at phenol concentration of 200 mg L-1 (82 mg L-1) was higher than that at 100 mg L-1 (51 mg L-1). The ClO3- was predominantly responsible for over-evaluation of the COD removal. In addition, bioassays with chlorella indicated that the electro-generated oxychlorides significantly increased the biological toxicity of the treated Cl--containing wastewater. This work provides new guidance for the correct evaluation of COD treatment performance and highlight the importance of minimizing toxic inorganic chlorinated byproducts during electro-oxidation of Cl--containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Jingli Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Yijie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Yizhen Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
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