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GREENHALGH TRISHA, ENGEBRETSEN EIVIND, BAL ROLAND, KJELLSTRÖM SOFIA. Toward a Values-Informed Approach to Complexity in Health Care: Hermeneutic Review. Milbank Q 2023; 101:646-674. [PMID: 37219239 PMCID: PMC10509518 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points The concept of value complexity (complexity arising from differences in people's worldviews, interests, and values, leading to mistrust, misunderstanding, and conflict among stakeholders) is introduced and explained. Relevant literature from multiple disciplines is reviewed. Key theoretical themes, including power, conflict, language and framing, meaning-making, and collective deliberation, are identified. Simple rules derived from these theoretical themes are proposed.
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Abstract
Data science is facing the following major challenges: (1) developing scalable cross-disciplinary capabilities, (2) dealing with the increasing data volumes and their inherent complexity, (3) building tools that help to build trust, (4) creating mechanisms to efficiently operate in the domain of scientific assertions, (5) turning data into actionable knowledge units and (6) promoting data interoperability. As a way to overcome these challenges, we further develop the proposals by early Internet pioneers for Digital Objects as encapsulations of data and metadata made accessible by persistent identifiers. In the past decade, this concept was revisited by various groups within the Research Data Alliance and put in the context of the FAIR Guiding Principles for findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable data. The basic components of a FAIR Digital Object (FDO) as a self-contained, typed, machine-actionable data package are explained. A survey of use cases has indicated the growing interest of research communities in FDO solutions. We conclude that the FDO concept has the potential to act as the interoperable federative core of a hyperinfrastructure initiative such as the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).
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Ruckstuhl K, Haar J, Hudson M, Amoamo M, Waiti J, Ruwhiu D, Daellenbach U. Recognising and valuing Māori innovation in the high-tech sector: a capacity approach. J R Soc N Z 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2019.1668814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruckstuhl
- Dean’s Department, Otago Business School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jarrod Haar
- Management Department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maui Hudson
- Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Maria Amoamo
- Management Department, Otago Business School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jordan Waiti
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Diane Ruwhiu
- Management Department, Otago Business School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Urs Daellenbach
- School of Management, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Tebes JK, Thai ND. Interdisciplinary team science and the public: Steps toward a participatory team science. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:549-562. [PMID: 29792467 PMCID: PMC5973546 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary team science involves research collaboration among investigators from different disciplines who work interdependently to share leadership and responsibility. Although over the past several decades there has been an increase in knowledge produced by science teams, the public has not been meaningfully engaged in this process. We argue that contemporary changes in how science is understood and practiced offer an opportunity to reconsider engaging the public as active participants on teams and coin the term participatory team science to describe public engagement in team science. We discuss how public engagement can enhance knowledge within the team to address complex problems and suggest a different organizing framework for team science that aligns better with how teams operate and with participatory approaches to research. We also summarize work on public engagement in science, describe opportunities for various types of engagement, and provide an example of participatory team science carried out across research phases. We conclude by discussing implications of participatory team science for psychology, including changing the default when assembling an interdisciplinary science team by identifying meaningful roles for public engagement through participatory team science. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kraemer Tebes
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Prevention and Community Research & The Consultation Center, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Nghi D Thai
- Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University
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Brooks DS, Eronen MI. The significance of levels of organization for scientific research: A heuristic approach. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 68-69:34-41. [PMID: 29653763 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of 'levels of organization' has come under fire recently as being useless for scientific and philosophical purposes. In this paper, we show that 'levels' is actually a remarkably resilient and constructive conceptual tool that can be, and in fact is, used for a variety of purposes. To this effect, we articulate an account of the importance of the levels concept seen in light of its status as a major organizing concept of biology. We argue that the usefulness of 'levels' is best seen in the heuristic contributions the concept makes to treating and structuring scientific problems. We illustrate this with two examples from biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Brooks
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstraße 12, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Markus I Eronen
- Centre for Logic and Analytic Philosophy, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 2-Box 3220, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Kaldewey D. The Grand Challenges Discourse: Transforming Identity Work in Science and Science Policy. MINERVA 2017; 56:161-182. [PMID: 29780179 PMCID: PMC5948272 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-017-9332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article analyzes the concept of "grand challenges" as part of a shift in how scientists and policymakers frame and communicate their respective agendas. The history of the grand challenges discourse helps to understand how identity work in science and science policy has been transformed in recent decades. Furthermore, the question is raised whether this discourse is only an indicator, or also a factor in this transformation. Building on conceptual history and historical semantics, the two parts of the article reconstruct two discursive shifts. First, the observation that in scientific communication references to "problems" are increasingly substituted by references to "challenges" indicates a broader cultural trend of how attitudes towards what is problematic have shifted in the last decades. Second, as the grand challenges discourse is rooted in the sphere of sports and competition, it introduces a specific new set of societal values and practices into the spheres of science and technology. The article concludes that this process can be characterized as the sportification of science, which contributes to self-mobilization and, ultimately, to self-optimization of the participating scientists, engineers, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaldewey
- Forum Internationale Wissenschaft, University of Bonn, Heussallee 18-24, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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De Grandis G. Practical integration: The art of balancing values, institutions and knowledge - lessons from the History of British Public Health and Town Planning. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 56:92-105. [PMID: 26598466 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper uses two historical examples, public health (1840-1880) and town planning (1945-1975) in Britain, to analyse the challenges faced by goal-driven research, an increasingly important trend in science policy, as exemplified by the prominence of calls for addressing Grand Challenges. Two key points are argued. (1) Given that the aim of research addressing social or global problems is to contribute to improving things, this research should include all the steps necessary to bring science and technology to fruition. This need is captured by the idea of practical integration, which brings this type of research under the umbrella of collective practical reason rather than under the aegis of science. Achieving practical integration is difficult for many reasons: the complexity of social needs, the plurality of values at stake, the limitation of our knowledge, the elusive nature of the skills needed to deal with uncertainty, incomplete information and asymmetries of power. Nevertheless, drawing from the lessons of the case studies, it is argued that (2) practical integration needs a proper balance between values, institutions and knowledge: i.e. a combination of mutual support and mutual limitation. Pursuing such a balance provides a flexible strategy for approximating practical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Grandis
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, NTNU Dragvoll, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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De Grandis G, Efstathiou S. Introduction-Grand Challenges and small steps. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 56:39-47. [PMID: 26705674 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This collection addresses two different audiences: 1) historians and philosophers of the life sciences reflecting on collaborations across disciplines, especially as regards defining and addressing Grand Challenges; 2) researchers and other stakeholders involved in cross-disciplinary collaborations aimed at tackling Grand Challenges in the life and medical sciences. The essays collected here offer ideas and resources both for the study and for the practice of goal-driven cross-disciplinary research in the life and medical sciences. We organise this introduction in three sections. The first section provides some background and context. The second motivates our take on this topic and then outlines the central ideas of each paper. The third section highlights the specificity and significance of this approach by considering: a) how this collection departs from existing literature on inter- and trans-disciplinarity, b) what is characteristic about this approach, and c) what role this suggests for the history and philosophy of the life sciences in addressing Grand Challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Grandis
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, NTNU Dragvoll, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sophia Efstathiou
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, NTNU Dragvoll, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Brister E. Disciplinary capture and epistemological obstacles to interdisciplinary research: Lessons from central African conservation disputes. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 56:82-91. [PMID: 26651422 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex environmental problems require well-researched policies that integrate knowledge from both the natural and social sciences. Epistemic differences can impede interdisciplinary collaboration, as shown by debates between conservation biologists and anthropologists who are working to preserve biological diversity and support economic development in central Africa. Disciplinary differences with regard to 1) facts, 2) rigor, 3) causal explanation, and 4) research goals reinforce each other, such that early decisions about how to define concepts or which methods to adopt may tilt research design and data interpretation toward one discipline's epistemological framework. If one of the contributing fields imposes a solution to an epistemic problem, this sets the stage for what I call disciplinary capture. Avoiding disciplinary capture requires clear communication between collaborators, but beyond this it also requires that collaborators craft research questions and innovate research designs which are different from the inherited epistemological frameworks of contributing disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Brister
- Department of Philosophy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 92 Lomb Memorial Dr., Rochester, NY 14623, United States.
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Thorén H, Breian L. Stepping stone or stumbling block? Mode 2 knowledge production in sustainability science. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 56:71-81. [PMID: 26686900 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concept of Mode 2 has often been seen as especially applicable to fields addressing grand challenges, such as climate change. Being a relatively new field-interdisciplinary in its approach, and focused on addressing such issues-sustainability science would appear to be a case in point. The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to explore the perceived relation between Mode 2 and sustainability science, and 2) to advance the discussion of Mode 2 from a philosophical perspective. To address these questions we focus on three characteristic features of Mode 2: the notion of a distinct, but evolving framework; boundary crossing; and a problem solving capacity "on the move". We report the results of a survey carried out amongst leading sustainability scientists. The survey gives insight into the scientists' perception of Mode 2, their perception of their own field of sustainability science and the relation between the two. The free text answers reveal a tension within the field of sustainability science: with developments both towards Mode 1 and Mode 2 science. We conclude that the implementation of inter- and trans-disciplinarity is challenged by institutional and conceptual factors alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Thorén
- Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Box 192, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; LUCID, Lund University Centre of Excellence for Integration of Social and Natural Dimensions of Sustainability, Lund University, Box 170, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Line Breian
- Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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