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Santana-Cordero AM, Szabó P, Bürgi M, Armstrong CG. The practice of historical ecology: What, when, where, how and what for. Ambio 2024; 53:664-677. [PMID: 38441861 PMCID: PMC10992833 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-01981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a growing number of studies exploring the historical dimensions of the interconnectedness of human societies and the environment. A core approach in this field is historical ecology. We analyzed 544 historical-ecological papers to assess patterns and trends in the field. We found a high degree of interdisciplinarity with a focus on local case studies, of periods of fewer than 500 years, analyzing archival sources through quantitative approaches. The proportion of papers containing management recommendations has increased over time. To make historical ecology globally relevant, more effort should be made to utilize studies across languages, borders and worldviews. We call for high standards regarding the use of social scientific methodologies. Lastly, we argue that fostering longer-term studies and assessing the real-life impact of policy recommendations emerging from historical ecology can help the discipline better contribute solutions to the challenges facing humanity in an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Moisés Santana-Cordero
- Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Cervantes s/n, 37001, Salamanca, Spain.
- Grupo Geografía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Parque Científico Tecnológico, Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Spain.
| | - Péter Szabó
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Bürgi
- Research Unit Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chelsey Geralda Armstrong
- Indigenous Studies, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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2
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Brousseau-Foley M, Blanchette V, Houle J, Trudeau F. Developing an interprofessional decision support tool for diabetic foot ulcers management in primary care within the family medicine group model: a Delphi study in Canada. BMC Prim Care 2024; 25:123. [PMID: 38643081 PMCID: PMC11031884 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care professionals encounter difficulties coordinating the continuum of care between primary care providers and second-line specialists and adhere to practice guidelines pertaining to diabetic foot ulcers management. Family medicine groups are providing primary care services aimed to improve access, interdisciplinary care, coordination and quality of health services, and reduce emergency department visits. Most professionals working in family medicine groups are primary care physicians and registered nurses. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an interprofessional decision support tool to guide the management of diabetic foot ulcers for primary care professionals working within the family medicine group model. METHODS A one-page decision tool developed by the research team was validated by an expert panel using a three-round Delphi protocol held between December 2019 and August 2021. The tool includes 43 individual actions and a care pathway from initial presentation to secondary prevention. Data collection was realized with both paper and electronic questionnaires, and answers were compiled in an electronic spreadsheet. Data was analyzed with use of descriptive statistics, and consensus for each item was defined as ≥ 80% agreement. RESULTS Experts from 12 pre-identified professions of the diabetic foot ulcer interdisciplinary care team were included, 39 participants out of the 59 invited to first round (66.1%), 34 out of 39 for second (87.2%) and 22 out of 34 for third (64.7%) rounds. All items included in the final version of the decision support tool reached consensus and were deemed clear, relevant and feasible. One or more professionals were identified to be responsible for every action to be taken. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a comprehensive decision support tool to guide primary care professionals in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Implementation and evaluation in the clinical setting will need to be undertaken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Brousseau-Foley
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, 3351G8Z 4M3, Canada.
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Mauricie et du Centre-du-Québec (CIUSSS-MCQ) affiliated to Université de Montréal, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 731 Rue Ste-Julie, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 1Y1, Canada.
| | - Virginie Blanchette
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, 3351G8Z 4M3, Canada
- VITAM - Research Centre on Sustainable Health, 2480 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G1, Canada
| | - Julie Houle
- Department of Nursing, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, 3351G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Andersson E, McPhearson T, Pickett STA. From urban ecology to urban enquiry: How to build cumulative and context-sensitive understandings. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-023-01959-5. [PMID: 38643344 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper positions urban ecology as increasingly conversant with multiple perspectives and methods for understanding the functions and qualities of diverse cities and urban situations. Despite progress in the field, we need clear pathways for positioning, connecting and synthesising specific knowledge and to make it speak to more systemic questions about cities and the life within them. These pathways need to be able to make use of diverse sources of information to better account for the diverse relations between people, other species and the ecological, social, cultural, economic, technical and increasingly digital structures that they are embedded in. Grounded in a description of the systemic knowledge needed, we propose five complementary and often connected approaches for building cumulative systemic understandings, and a framework for connecting and combining different methods and evidence. The approaches and the framework help position urban ecology and other fields of study as entry points to further advance interdisciplinary synthesis and open up new fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Andersson
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 28, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 28, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Urban Systems Lab, The New School, 79 Fifth Avenue, 16th Fl., New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
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4
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Zahid U, Lawrence EG, de Freitas DF, Parri LA, Quadros W, Hua P, Harriss E, Oliver D, Hosang GM, Bhui K. Understanding psychosis complexity through a syndemic framework: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105614. [PMID: 38432448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Psychotic conditions pose significant challenges due to their complex aetiology and impact on individuals and communities. Syndemic theory offers a promising framework to understand the interconnectedness of various health and social problems in the context of psychosis. This systematic review aims to examine existing literature on testing whether psychosis is better understood as a component of a syndemic. We conducted a systematic search of 7 databases, resulting in the inclusion of five original articles. Findings from these studies indicate a syndemic characterized by the coexistence of various health and social conditions, are associated with a greater risk of psychosis, adverse health outcomes, and disparities, especially among ethnic minorities and deprived populations. This review underscores the compelling need for a new paradigm and datasets that can investigate how psychosis emerges in the context of a syndemic, ultimately guiding more effective preventive and care interventions as well as policies to improve the health of marginalised communities living in precarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Erin Grace Lawrence
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Fonseca de Freitas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lois A Parri
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wesley Quadros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phuong Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eli Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; Queen Mary University London Global Policy Institute, London, UK; Collaborating Centre of World Psychiatric Association, Oxford, UK.
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Hausteiner-Wiehle C, Schmidt R. [Transdisciplinary treatment of functional movement disorders: integration instead of dissociation]. Nervenarzt 2024:10.1007/s00115-023-01596-z. [PMID: 38315181 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Successful treatment of patients with functional motor disorders is integrative in several ways: the primary treatment goal is the (re)integration of sensorimotor, cognitive and social functioning. The prerequisites for this are an integrated biopsychosocial model of everyone involved as well as close transdisciplinary cooperation. Instead of a simple addition of treatment components, all care providers and patients act in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hausteiner-Wiehle
- Psychosomatischer Konsil- und Liaisondienst der Abteilung für Neurologie, Klinische Neurophysiologie und Stroke Unit, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Prof. Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau, Deutschland.
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der TU München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland.
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Funktionelle Neurologische Störungen e. V., .
| | - Roger Schmidt
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Schweiz
- Lurija Institut für Rehabilitationswissenschaften und Gesundheitsforschung, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Deutschland
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Funktionelle Neurologische Störungen e. V
- Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Deutschland
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Labbé D, Heider A, Eisenberg Y, Gould R, Jones R. Reflection on the application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to a national policy to improve inclusion of people with disabilities. Eval Program Plann 2024; 102:102367. [PMID: 37708627 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
People with disabilities face many barriers in the built environment impacting their mobility, health, and social participation. In the US, under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), municipalities were required to develop and implement barrier-removal plans for pedestrian infrastructure, called ADA transition plans, but very few have done so. Many communities know they need a plan but do not know how to get it done because of a lack of understanding of the many different implementation considerations. Implementation science offers a useful approach for understanding complex policy implementation such as ADA plans. This paper provides a reflection on the adaptation of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to evaluate the implementation of ADA transition planning. To apply the CFIR, we tailored the construct definitions and modified them to fit the specific context of the ADA transition planning process. We documented the constructs that were more challenging to apply, those that were not relevant, and those that were particularly useful. This paper can serve as a valuable example that other researchers can use when considering adapting the CFIR or other implementation frameworks for the evaluation of complex social policy beyond the ADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Labbé
- Great Lakes ADA Center, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 W. Roosevelt Rd. M/C 626, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Amy Heider
- Great Lakes ADA Center, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 W. Roosevelt Rd. M/C 626, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Yochai Eisenberg
- Great Lakes ADA Center, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 W. Roosevelt Rd. M/C 626, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Robert Gould
- Great Lakes ADA Center, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 W. Roosevelt Rd. M/C 626, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Robin Jones
- Great Lakes ADA Center, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 W. Roosevelt Rd. M/C 626, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
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DESCLAUX A, BILA B, EGROT M, SOW K. [Preparing for epidemics. A strategy for strengthening social science skills in Africa]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i4.2023.440. [PMID: 38390012 PMCID: PMC10879890 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i4.2023.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Covid pandemic was a reminder of the need to be prepared for epidemics and pandemics and to take into account their socio-political dimensions by developing socioanthropological and interdisciplinary approaches. In the post-crisis era, the challenge is one of operationality. How can these dimensions be made more visible? How can we develop analyses that can help to humanize institutional responses, make inequalities visible to limit them during the crisis, reveal structural determinants of transmission, and define interventions that are scientifically sound, ethically just and respectful of diversity?Three strategies are relevant to meet these challenges: (1) more social scientists in Frenchspeaking Africa must get expertise on epidemics to investigate associated issues before, during and after epidemic crisis; (2) public health professionals, health and social workers must get informed about social, historical, economic and political aspects of epidemics that shape risk, care and control; (3) collaborations between researchers and those involved in responding to epidemics on the basis of shared knowledge must develop.This article presents a capacity-building initiative developed in French-speaking West Africa by the Anthropology of Emerging Epidemics Network (RAAE), in conjunction with other networks (Sonar-Global) and institutions (CRCF, IRD). It describes and analyzes a program that combines a working method, a scientific content and teaching tools. This program benefited from previous training experiences and gathered expertise from about 25 social scientists, mainly medical anthropologists, who have worked on various epidemics and pandemics such as AIDS, Ebola, plague, Covid and dengue in West Africa and beyond. The process to develop the course was based on workshops followed by redaction periods, then testings for content and tools during training sessions.The course focuses on two audiences: social science researchers (with a Master degree level and above) and social and health workers (public health, community health, NGOs, social workers). For the former, the course aims at reinforcing theoretical and methodological skills through the presentation of issues, key concepts, selected theoretical developments, themes and bibliographical references. For the latter, the course is based on modules about operational issues that can be taken separately, to better adapt the content of trainings to local teams' needs. For both, a glossary includes 100 definitions of public health, medical and social science vocabulary, relevant to epidemics. The content in terms of skills to be acquired (knowledge, know-how) is presented briefly in the article. Both the scientific content and learning methods and tools are presented in a manual (Desclaux et al., Anthropologie appliquée aux épidémies émergentes, 2022 [5]) as well as on Sonar-Global (English) and RAEE (French) websites (www.sonar-global.eu, www.raee.fr).The knowledge to be imparted is organized into 13 modules: introduction; the framework for responding to epidemics; emergence and One Health; antimicrobial resistance; infectious risk (inequalities, stigmatization and prevention); knowledge (circulation and interpretation); health services (places of risk and care); public health measures (lockdown and distancing); experiences (suffering of the sick and mobilization); death (meaning and rituals); vaccination (innovation, equity and hesitation); epidemic cycles (preparation, response and recovery); challenges, methods, ethics and governance; and conclusion.The first training courses held in Senegal and Burkina Faso for university researchers and young scholars from Africa and France were positively evaluated by the participants. They report that they have acquired knowledge in epidemic social science, but also in public health, which has given them the necessary basis for communicating and developing collaborations (in research and intervention) with social and health actors. The model could be duplicated with adaptation for new training sessions organized by other institutions, for which a manual is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice DESCLAUX
- TransVIHMI, Université de Montpellier, IRD, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Blandine BILA
- Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Marc EGROT
- LPED (Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement), IRD, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Khoudia SOW
- CRCF (Centre régional de recherche et de formation à la prise en charge du VIH et des maladies associées de Fann), Dakar, Sénégal
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Jung C, Boeken U, Schulze PC, Frantz S, Hermes C, Kill C, Marohl R, Voigt I, Wolfrum S, Bernhard M, Michels G. [Monitoring of emergency cardiovascular patients in the emergency department : Consensus paper of the DGK, DGINA and DGIIN]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2023; 118:47-58. [PMID: 37712970 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-023-01069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with potential or proven cardiovascular diseases represent a relevant proportion of the total spectrum in the emergency department. Their monitoring for cardiovascular surveillance until the diagnostics and acute treatment are initiated, often poses an interdisciplinary and interprofessional challenge, because resources are limited, nevertheless a high level of patient safety has to be ensured and the correct procedure has a major prognostic significance. This consensus paper provides an overview of the practical implementation, the modalities of monitoring and the application in a selection of cardiovascular diagnoses. The article provides specific comments on the clinical presentations of acute coronary syndrome, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypertensive emergency events, syncope, acute pulmonary embolism and cardiac arrhythmia. The level of evidence is generally low as no randomized trials are available on this topic. The recommendations are intended to supplement or establish local standards and to assist all physicians, nursing personnel and the patients to be treated in making decisions about monitoring in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jung
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Udo Boeken
- Klinik für Herzchirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I des Universitätsklinikums Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
- Kommission für Klinische Kardiovaskuläre Medizin, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Carsten Hermes
- Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg), Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Clemens Kill
- Zentrum für Notfallmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Ranka Marohl
- Klinik für Notfall- und Akutmedizin/Interdisziplinäre Notfallambulanz, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Ingo Voigt
- Klinik für Akut- und Notfallmedizin, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein am Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Michael Bernhard
- Zentrale Notaufnahme des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Guido Michels
- Zentrum für Notaufnahme, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Medizincampus Trier der Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Trier, Deutschland
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Stahl JH, Winter N, Kolbenschlag J, Lindig T, Schuhmann MU, Wittlinger J, Grimm A. [Interdisciplinary networks in diseases of peripheral nerves-Exemplified by the Tübingen nerve team]. Nervenarzt 2023; 94:1081-1086. [PMID: 37870583 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve damage can be autoimmune inflammatory, metabolic or traumatic, among others, and can be difficult to differentiate. OBJECTIVE What are the advantages of interdisciplinary networks and how do they work? MATERIAL AND METHOD Field report with case presentation from the University Hospital Tübingen in cooperation with the BG Accident Clinic Tübingen. CONCLUSION Interdisciplinary networks improve the care of our patients and also serve as regular multidisciplinary continuing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Stahl
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
- Hertie Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - Natalie Winter
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Hertie Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Jonas Kolbenschlag
- Klinik für Hand‑, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Klinik für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Martin U Schuhmann
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Julia Wittlinger
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Hertie Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Hertie Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
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Tenenbaum A, Borsa L, Lupi L, Germa A. Child oral health: A plea for interdisciplinarity. Sante Publique 2023; 35:83-91. [PMID: 38040649 DOI: 10.3917/spub.hs1.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A child’s oral health has major implications both for their general health and for their quality of life. Even before birth, the mother’s oral health can affect the development of the baby and pregnancy outcomes. From the very first months of life, feeding habits together with non-nutritive sucking ones, early transmission of pathogenic bacteria, and oral hygiene practices prefigure the child’s future health. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge regarding the main oral health issues affecting children, namely dental caries, erosive tooth wear, developmental defects of enamel, maxillofacial growth anomalies, and traumatic dental injuries. Additionally, it aims to examine the oral health prevention and promotion programs that have been implemented in France over several decades. These prevention and promotion initiatives are not only part of a national program but are also being organized at a territorial level, although, unfortunately, they often remain limited to regional, departmental, or municipal scopes. It is essential for all those involved with children, whether they are health care professionals or not, to collaborate effectively to enhance both oral health and overall well-being. This requires fostering an interdisciplinary approach that involves various contributors working together in a complementary way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Tenenbaum
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité
- Laboratoire Éducations et Promotion de la santé UR 3412, UFR Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Université Paris Sorbonne Paris Nord
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Service d’Odontologie, Département de santé publique orale, F-75651, Paris, France
| | - Leslie Borsa
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie Nice, France Département de Santé Publique
- Laboratoire Microbiologie orale, Immunothérapie et Santé (Micoralis), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Lupi
- Université Côte d’Azur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie Nice, France Département de Santé Publique
- Laboratoire Microbiologie orale, Immunothérapie et Santé (Micoralis), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Alice Germa
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité
- Université Paris Cité Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Statistiques/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- Service de médecine bucco-dentaire, APHP, hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
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Crayol E, Huneau F, Garel E, Mattei A, Santoni S, Pasqualini V, Re V. Socio-hydrogeological survey and assessment of organic pollutants to highlight and trace back pollution fluxes threatening a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment 2023; 898:165343. [PMID: 37422224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a vector of pollution towards connected ecosystems, groundwater is often underestimated or not taken into account in management frameworks. To fill this gap, we propose to add socio-economic data to hydrogeological investigations to identify past and present pollution sources linked to human activities at watershed scale in order to forecast threats towards groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, by a cross-disciplinary approach, the added value of socio-hydrogeological investigations to tackle anthropogenic pollution fluxes towards a GDE and to contribute to more sustainable management of groundwater resources. A survey combining chemical compounds analysis, data compilation, land use analysis and field investigations with a questionnaire was carried out on the Biguglia lagoon plain (France). Results show a pollution with a two-fold source, both agricultural and domestic, in all water bodies of the plain. The pesticide analysis reveals the presence of 10 molecules, including domestic compounds, with concentrations exceeding European groundwater quality standards for individual pesticides, as well as pesticides already banned for twenty years. On the basis of both the field survey and the questionnaire, agricultural pollution has been identified as very local highlighting the storage capacity of the aquifer, whereas domestic pollution is diffuse over the plain and attributed to sewage network effluents and septic tanks. Domestic compounds present shorter residence time within the aquifer highlighting continuous inputs, related to consumption habits of the population. Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), member states are required to preserve the good ecological status, quality and quantity of water bodies. However, for GDEs it is difficult to achieve the 'good status' required without considering the groundwater's pollutant storage capacity and pollution legacy. To help resolve this issue, socio-hydrogeology has proved to be an efficient tool as well as for implementing effective protection measures for Mediterranean GDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crayol
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134, SPE, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - F Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134, SPE, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France
| | - E Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134, SPE, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France
| | - A Mattei
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134, SPE, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France
| | - S Santoni
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134, SPE, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France
| | | | - V Re
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Gaillet M, François P, Fournier J, Kuenemann M, Novais MDF, Herr M, Shankland R, Boussat B. Evaluation of a French health action-training program by its stakeholders; healthcare students and host institution. Nurse Educ Today 2023; 129:105904. [PMID: 37478791 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandatory "sanitary service" is an inter-disciplinary health promotion program that ensures inclusion of action training in the curriculum of French students in healthcare professions. Its evaluation is important to identify areas for improvement. OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the satisfaction of the actors with the general perception of the program and with its three different phases: e-learning, practical training, and interventions. DESIGN Retrospective, single-center study based on two self-report questionnaires completed by students and host institutions in 2021-2022. PARTICIPANTS Students in healthcare (medicine, pharmacy, odontology, midwifery, physical therapy and nursing) from a French university. METHODS We calculated and compared scores based on closed-ended questions exploring several dimensions of the program (general perception of the sanitary service, and its three phases). RESULTS Among the 732 students surveyed, 418 were included (57.1 %), while among 99 host institutions surveyed (including 86 schools), 77 were included (77.8 %). The overall sanitary service student satisfaction score was 3.26 / 5 (SD = 0.96). Interventions were the best scored of the three phases of the program (3.92 / 5 (SD = 0.87)). E-learning and practical training scores varied significantly according to students' training courses (p < 0.001). Students who intervened in elementary schools (n = 253) most appreciated the interventions (4.11 / 5 (SD = 0.84)). In free comments, students emphasized that interdisciplinarity was appreciated even if it made organization more complex. The overall host institution score was 3.73 / 4 (SD = 0.25). All the heads of institutions expressed their wish to resume the sanitary service the following year. CONCLUSIONS The actors of the sanitary service validated the interest, quality, organization, and feasibility of an inter-field training program in health prevention for healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gaillet
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UMR 5525 CNRS, Grenoble Alps University, France.
| | - Patrice François
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UMR 5525 CNRS, Grenoble Alps University, France.
| | - Joey Fournier
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UMR 5525 CNRS, Grenoble Alps University, France.
| | | | | | - Marie Herr
- UVSQ, Inserm, Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Paris-Saclay, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; Epidemiology and Public Health Department, AP-HP, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- Laboratoire DIPHE, Université Lumière Lyon 2, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Bastien Boussat
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UMR 5525 CNRS, Grenoble Alps University, France.
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Schmalz C, Rogge A, Dunst J, Krug D, Liethmann K. Teaching communication skills in medical education : Best practice example of an interdisciplinary seminar in radiation oncology. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:820-827. [PMID: 37308589 PMCID: PMC10449999 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication with patients is challenging, especially in radiation oncology. Therefore, radiation oncology is particularly suited to sensitize medical students for this topic and to train them competently. We report on experiences with an innovative teaching project for fourth- and fifth-year medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS The course, funded as an innovative teaching project by the medical faculty, was offered as an optional course for medical students in 2019 and again in 2022 after a pandemic-related break. The curriculum and evaluation form were developed through a two-stage Delphi process. The course consisted of, first, participation during counselling of patients prior to radiotherapy, mainly on topics with shared decision-making, and, second, a 1-week interdisciplinary block seminar with practical exercises. The topics covered a broad spectrum of the competence areas defined in the National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalog for Medicine (NKLM). The number of participants was limited to approximately 15 students because of the practical components. RESULTS So far, 30 students (all at least in the seventh semester or higher) have participated in the teaching project. The most frequent reasons for participation were the desire to acquire competence in breaking bad news and confidence in talking to patients. The overall evaluation of the course was very positive, with a grade of 1.08 + 0.28 (on a scale of 1 = totally agree to 5 = totally disagree) plus German grade 1 (very good) to 6 (very bad). Notably, participants' expectations regarding specific competencies (e.g., breaking bad news) were also met. CONCLUSION Although the evaluation results cannot be generalized to the entirety of medical students due to the limited number of voluntary participants, the very positive evaluation shows the need for such projects among students and can also be seen as an indication that radiation oncology as a patient-centered discipline is particularly well suited to teach medical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmalz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Annette Rogge
- Nordseeklinik Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany, Invasorenpfad 1040, 27498
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dunst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Krug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Liethmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Psychooncology, Center for integrative Psychiatry ZiP gGmbH, Kiel, Germany
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Vanney CE, Mesurado B, Sáenz JIA, Richaud MC. Intellectual Virtues for Interdisciplinary Research: A Consensual Qualitative Analysis. Cogn Sci 2023; 47:e13348. [PMID: 37750818 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Through a qualitative approach, this study identified a specific subgroup of intellectual virtues necessary for developing interdisciplinary research. Cognitive science was initially conceived as a new discipline emerging from various fields, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and anthropology. Thus, a frequent debate among cognitive scientists is whether the initial multidisciplinary program successfully developed into a mature interdisciplinary field or evolved into a set of independent sciences of cognition. For several years, interdisciplinarity has been an aspiration for the academy, although the difficulties limiting the success of interdisciplinary collaborations have begun to erode that initial optimism. Our analysis suggests that the problems hindering the success of interdisciplinarity can be overcome by fostering certain intellectual character strengths in scholars. The Consensual Qualitative Research method was used to analyze nine semi-structured interviews involving researchers with a long personal trajectory of interdisciplinary research between the sciences and the humanities. Three virtue domains emerged from the interviews' analysis: (i) intellectual virtues, (ii) social virtues, and (iii) interpersonal intellectual virtues. The virtues of the third domain intersect with intellectual and social ones. They are intellectual because they pursue epistemic goods. But, unlike other intellectual virtues, they only develop in interpersonal settings, so they can also be considered to have a social component. Interpersonal intellectual virtues can be thus defined as intellectual character traits that facilitate the acquisition of knowledge (intellectual motivation) with and through other people in a reciprocal way (social environment). These virtues are essential for developing any successful collective epistemic enterprise, interdisciplinary research being a privileged context where these qualities manifest themselves in a relevant way.
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Oliver K. Why Is It So Hard to Evaluate Knowledge Exchange? Comment on "Sustaining Knowledge Translation Practices: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis". Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7549. [PMID: 37579363 PMCID: PMC10461865 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a growth in knowledge translation (KT) or exchange activities, and a smaller growth in their evaluations, it remains challenging to identify evidence of efficacy. This could be due to well-documented political and logistical difficulties involved in evaluating knowledge exchange interventions. By bringing in theory from science and technology studies (STS), Borst et al1 offer a new way of thinking about this problem. Most KT evaluations draw on health research traditions; centralising comparability, efficacy, and so on. Borst et al propose focusing on the work it takes to move knowledge over boundaries between these communities, seeing relationships as interactions, not just conduits for evidence. They show how 'context' can be understood as a mutual creation, not a static environment; and that institutions shape behaviours, rather than merely being sites or platforms for evidence mobilisation. Seeing KT as a creative, active practice opens new ways to design and evaluate KT mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Oliver
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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16
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Filho WL, Aina YA, Dinis MAP, Purcell W, Nagy GJ. Climate change: Why higher education matters? Sci Total Environ 2023:164819. [PMID: 37315612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher education (HE) matters to the global struggle to combat climate change. Research builds knowledge and informs climate solutions. Educational programmes and courses upskill current and future leaders and professionals to tackle the systems change and the transformation needed to improve society. Through their outreach and civic engagement work, HE helps people understand and address the climate change impacts, notably on under-resourced or marginalised people. By raising awareness of the problem and supporting capacity and capability building, HE encourages changes in attitudes and behaviours, focusing on adaptive change in preparing people to face the challenges of a changing climate. However, HE has yet to fully articulate its contribution towards climate change challenges, which means that organisational structures, curricula and research programmes do not reflect the interdisciplinary nature of the climate crisis. This paper describes the role of HE in supporting education and research efforts on climate change and outlines areas where further action is urgently needed. The study adds to the empirical research on HE's role in combating climate change and the role of cooperation in maximising the global effort to cope with a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Leal Filho
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, UK; Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany.
| | - Yusuf A Aina
- Department of Geomatics Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis
- Geoinformatics Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Wendy Purcell
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP). Portugal.
| | - Gustavo J Nagy
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
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Knuuttila T, Loettgers A. Model templates: transdisciplinary application and entanglement. Synthese 2023; 201:200. [PMID: 37274612 PMCID: PMC10238306 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of the same basic equations, function forms, algorithms, and quantitative methods is one of the most spectacular characteristics of contemporary modeling practice. Recently, the emergence of the discussion of templates and template transfer has addressed this striking cross-disciplinary reach of certain mathematical forms and computational algorithms. In this paper, we develop a notion of a model template, consisting of its mathematical structure, ontology, prototypical properties and behaviors, focal conceptualizations, and the paradigmatic questions it addresses. We apply this notion to three widely disseminated and powerful model templates: the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model of spin glasses, scale-free networks, and the Kuramoto model of synchronization. We argue that what appears to be an interdisciplinary model transfer between different domains turns out, from a broader perspective, to be the application of transdisciplinary model templates across a multitude of domains. We also point out a further feature of template-based modeling that so far has not been discussed: template entanglement. Such entanglement enhances and makes manifest the conceptual side of model templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Knuuttila
- Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Universitätsstraße 7, A-1010, Vienna, Australia
| | - Andrea Loettgers
- Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Universitätsstraße 7, A-1010, Vienna, Australia
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Kreher SA, McManus E. An interdisciplinary course on evolution and sustainability increases acceptance of evolutionary theory and increases understanding of interdisciplinary application of evolutionary theory. Evolution 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 37252061 PMCID: PMC10206573 DOI: 10.1186/s12052-023-00188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Although evolutionary theory is foundational and integrative in modern biology, there remains widespread lack of acceptance among U.S. residents. An interdisciplinary approach to teaching evolutionary theory at the undergraduate level has many advantages, such as giving students a context for learning about evolution and application of evolutionary theory to other academic disciplines and everyday life. While there are foundational examples of interdisciplinary approaches to teaching evolutionary theory, there are few examples of courses with application of evolutionary theory to issues of sustainability, such as conservation or global climate change. We build on the practical and theoretical work of others to create an interdisciplinary course on evolutionary theory for non-science majors, with ties to sustainability. Our course is taught in three modules, with extensive readings and hands-on lab activities. The first module is focused on honey bee biology, with hands-on beekeeping experiences; the second module on native plants and community education on sustainability; and the third module on the evolution of the subjective human experience of free will. Results We found that students in our course experienced an increased acceptance of evolutionary theory. We found that students also met the course leaning objectives, of basic knowledge of evolutionary theory and application of evolutionary theory to other disciplines, assessed through group and individual major assignments. We also found that students had an expanded perspective on interdisciplinary application of evolutionary theory, assessed through closed-ended survey questions and analysis of open-ended writing. Conclusions Students in our course experienced an increase of acceptance of evolutionary theory and an expanded perspective on interdisciplinary application of evolutionary theory, despite the fact that many students were not science majors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12052-023-00188-4.
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Hoffmann EM, Schareika N, Dittrich C, Schlecht E, Sauer D, Buerkert A. Rurbanity: a concept for the interdisciplinary study of rural-urban transformation. Sustain Sci 2023; 18:1-15. [PMID: 37363312 PMCID: PMC10199291 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Along with climate change, population growth, and overexploitation of natural resources, urbanisation is among the major global challenges of our time. It is a nexus where many of the world's grand challenges intersect, and thus key to sustainable development. The widespread understanding of urbanisation as a successive and unidirectional transformation of landscapes and societies from a rural to an urban state is increasingly questioned. Examples from around the globe show that 'the rural' and 'the urban' are not only highly interdependent, but actually coexist and often merge in the same space or livelihood strategy. Our concept of rurbanity provides an integrated theoretical framework which overcomes the rural-urban divide and can be operationalised for empirical research. Rurbanity is the next stringent step following the gradual widening of previous concepts from urban-centred approaches through the emphasis on urban peripheries to attempts of abolishing any distinction of a rural environment and acknowledging the highly dynamic nature of globalising urbanisation. Building on complex systems theory and assemblage thinking, our concept explores complementary aspects of the distinct epistemic worldviews dominating the natural and social sciences. Within this theoretical frame, we derive four analytical dimensions as entry points for empirical research: Endowments and Place, Flows and Connectivity, Institutions and Behaviour, and Lifestyles and Livelihoods. Two examples illustrate how these dimensions apply, interact, and together lead to a comprehensive, insightful understanding of rurban phenomena. Such understanding can be an effective starting point for assessing potential contributions of rurbanity to long-term global sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Hoffmann
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Schareika
- Social and Cultural Anthropology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Theaterstrasse 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Dittrich
- Human Geography, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Schlecht
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Daniela Sauer
- Physical Geography, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
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John M, Kloyer M, Fleßa S. Sustaining medical research - the role of trust and control. Health Econ Rev 2023; 13:33. [PMID: 37204524 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-023-00445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical research is increasingly interdisciplinary. However, not all projects are successful and cooperation is not always sustained beyond the end of funding. This study empirically assesses the effect of control and trust on the sustainability of interdisciplinary medical research in terms of its performance and satisfaction. METHODS The sample consists of 100 German publicly funded medical research collaborations with scientists from medicine, natural and social sciences (N = 364). We develop a system model to analyze the influence of trust and control on performance and satisfaction of the cooperation. FINDINGS Both control and trust are important prerequisites for sustainability, control mainly for the performance of the collaboration, and trust primarily for its satisfaction. While the level of interdisciplinarity is a positive moderator for performance, expectation of continuity is a negative intervening variable for the effect of trust and control on satisfaction. Moreover, trust principally adds to the positive impact of control on sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Interdisciplinary medical research requires a participative but systematic management of the respective consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John
- Faculty of Law and Economics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 70, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Kloyer
- Department of Business Administration, Organization, Human Resources, and Innovation Management, Faculty of Law and Economics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 70, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Fleßa
- Department of Business Administration and Health Care Management, Faculty of Law and Economics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 70, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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Verbeek L, Rabold D, Hartig A, Stephan S, Deus E, Otte I, Beutling A, Schollmeyer K, de Coninck P, Höppner K, Saal K, Vogler T, Hach L, Steinmetz E, Benner T, Derksen L, Militzer N, Probst C, Teichert U. [One Health: a perspective of the informal ministerial network : "What if the One Health approach became the guiding theme of cooperation at the national, European and global level?"]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03706-3. [PMID: 37208463 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the view of the German government, the One Health approach is a pioneering compass for inter- and transdisciplinary thinking, networking, and action. To protect the health of humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems, it should always receive attention at all its interfaces and activities. The One Health approach has gained political importance in recent years and is being taken into account in several strategies.This article reports on the current strategies using a One Health approach. These include the German Antibiotic Resistance Strategy, the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change, the global initiative Nature for Health, and the international pandemic agreement, which is currently being drafted and in which prevention also plays an important role. The issues of biodiversity loss and climate protection must be placed in a common context that takes into account the interdependencies of the health status of humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems. By involving relevant disciplines at different levels as a matter of course, we can succeed in making a joint contribution to sustainable development, as required by the United Nations' Agenda 2030. This perspective guides Germany's global engagement in global health policy toward greater stability, freedom, diversity, solidarity, and respect for human rights. Thus, a holistic approach such as One Health can contribute to achieving sustainability and strengthening democratic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzie Verbeek
- Abteilung 6 "Öffentliche Gesundheit", Referat 615 "One Health, Antimikrobielle Resistenzen", Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Mauerstr. 29, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Insa Otte
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Anne Beutling
- Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, Bonn, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | | | - Timo Vogler
- Bundesministerium der Justiz, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Lukas Hach
- Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Elke Steinmetz
- Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Benner
- Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Leonie Derksen
- Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Nina Militzer
- Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Carolina Probst
- Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Ute Teichert
- Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Bonn, Deutschland
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22
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Undurraga T, Mudd S, Cotoras D, Aguirre G, Orellana T. "They Don't Understand Us, but We Have to Understand Them": Interrogating the Making of Interdisciplinary Research in Chilean Climate Science. Minerva 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37359302 PMCID: PMC10182352 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we examine the ways in which the notion of interdisciplinarity was understood, implemented and experienced by researchers at a government-funded Chilean climate research centre. Our multi-site ethnography, consisting of interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, was motivated by three key aims. First, to generate an inductive, multi-faceted picture of the lived meaning of "interdisciplina" at the Centre; second, to explore whether and to what extent the "peripheral" features of the research context would exacerbate the challenges associated with practicing interdisciplinarity, and third, to see whether frictions between disciplines at the Centre could be considered productive "dissonances" in Stark's sense of the term. We found that despite the centre efforts to produce a common framework to regulate interdisciplinary research, its researchers nevertheless understood, enacted and experienced it in diverse ways. More specifically, we found that researcher´s conceptions of interdisciplinarity were coloured by their lived experiences of attempting to practice it, and in particular by the benefits and costs they associated with doing so. This in turn was linked to several variables, including the specific balance between disciplines, the absence or presence of shared, clearly-defined goals, the affirmation of a common research ethic or motivational commitment, and the structural-material conditions of the research in question. We also found that the research conditions characteristic of the Global South do tend to exacerbate the well-documented challenges associated with interdisciplinarity, yet that the adversities associated with precarious conditions were often met by increased resilience and bonding among researchers, who use creative and collaborative strategies to adapt to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Undurraga
- Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Almirante Barroso 10, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sasha Mudd
- Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dusan Cotoras
- Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Present Address: Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Peñalolén, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Aguirre
- Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Almirante Barroso 10, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Brown University, Providence, USA
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23
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Jühling M, König LM, Gruber H, Wolf V, Ritz-Timme S, Mayer F. Impact of (forensic) expert opinions according to the Istanbul Protocol in Germany-results and insights of the in:Fo-project. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:863-873. [PMID: 36781444 PMCID: PMC10085958 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
As part of a third-party funded project, expert opinions according to the Istanbul Protocol (IP) standards were compiled in Germany on a larger scale for the first time. The assessment process was initiated for 130 project participants. Statistical analysis on numerous variables was performed to test the impact of the expert opinions, foremost of the forensic medical expert opinions, on the individuals' asylum proceedings. The variables were drawn from forensic medical expert opinions and reports of findings, questionnaires for the study participants' counsellors in the project and a query on the asylum status of the study participants. Regression analysis and bivariate analysis on two dependent variables-subjective impact on the asylum procedure from the counsellors' point of view and objective change in the asylum status-were performed to test for an influence on asylum procedures. No statistically significant results were obtained for the objective change of the study participants' asylum status. For the subjective dependent variable, a positive prediction was possible when simultaneously controlling for the independent variables introduction of a forensic medical expert opinion and highest IP grade; a negative prediction was possible when simultaneously controlling for the independent variables introduction of a forensic medical expert opinion and use of IP grading. Apart from the statistical analysis, a positive effect of the assessment on the psychosocial well-being of the study participants could be demonstrated. The results differed from other European studies which demonstrated a correlation between the objective outcome of an asylum procedure (asylum status) and, for example, specific types of violence or the number of documented injuries. Differences also occurred in the use of the plausibility grades proposed by the IP, which questions their use in cases in which the reported torture happened a relevant time ago. Therefore, compiling individually worded evaluations instead of using the IP grading system-if possible, by an experienced forensic physician-is recommended in this scenario. Still, the assessment of alleged torture experiences should follow the IP guidelines, since psychological assessments are of especially high importance in cases with healed physical injuries and since the results also demonstrated a positive effect on the psychosocial well-being of the study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jühling
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L M König
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H Gruber
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Psychosocial Center for Refugees Düsseldorf e. V., Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Wolf
- Psychosocial Center for Refugees Düsseldorf e. V., Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - St Ritz-Timme
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F Mayer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Burch K, Guthman J, Gugganig M, Bronson K, Comi M, Legun K, Biltekoff C, Broad G, Brock S, Freidberg S, Baur P, Mincyte D. Social science - STEM collaborations in agriculture, food and beyond: an STSFAN manifesto. Agric Human Values 2023; 40:1-11. [PMID: 37359849 PMCID: PMC10150348 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research needs innovation. As an action-oriented intervention, this Manifesto begins from the authors' experiences as social scientists working within interdisciplinary science and technology collaborations in agriculture and food. We draw from these experiences to: 1) explain what social scientists contribute to interdisciplinary agri-food tech collaborations; (2) describe barriers to substantive and meaningful collaboration; and (3) propose ways to overcome these barriers. We encourage funding bodies to develop mechanisms that ensure funded projects respect the integrity of social science expertise and incorporate its insights. We also call for the integration of social scientific questions and methods in interdisciplinary projects from the outset, and for a genuine curiosity on the part of STEM and social science researchers alike about the knowledge and skills each of us has to offer. We contend that cultivating such integration and curiosity within interdisciplinary collaborations will make them more enriching for all researchers involved, and more likely to generate socially beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly Burch
- University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Matt Comi
- National Farm Medicine Center at Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, USA
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25
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Barcellini F, Béarée R, Benchekroun TH, Bounouar M, Buchmann W, Dubey G, Lafeuillade AC, Moricot C, Rosselin-Bareille C, Saraceno M, Siadat A. Promises of industry 4.0 under the magnifying glass of interdisciplinarity: revealing operators and managers work and challenging collaborative robot design. Cogn Technol Work 2023; 25:1-21. [PMID: 37359479 PMCID: PMC10149106 DOI: 10.1007/s10111-023-00726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this article is to propose a cross-perspective around Collaborative Robotics-seen as a remarkable example of technologies 4.0 in an industrial context-by calling on sociology, activity-centred ergonomics, engineering, and robotics expertises. The development of this cross-perspective is thought to be a key issue to improve the design of work organisation for the Industry 4.0. After a socio-historical review of promises of Collaborative Robotics, the interdisciplinary approach developed and applied in a French Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) is presented. In this case study, two work situations are focused on in an interdisciplinary perspective: on the one hand, the one of operators whose professional gestures are intended to be supported by collaborative robots, and on the other the one of managers and executives as responsible for socio-technical changes. Our results reveal the technical and socio-organisational challenges faced by SMEs beyond the introduction of given technologies: analysing the relevance and feasibility of cobotisation projects with regard to the complexity of professional gestures and preserving the quality of work and performance under a continuous pressure to change (organisations, technologies). These findings support discussions of promises of collaborative robotics, and more generally Industry 4.0, regarding effective worker/technology collaboration and the possibility of "healthy" and performant work; they reiterate requirements for work-centred and participatory design, for reconnection in a sensory experience in a more and more digitalized work and open ways for more interdisciplinary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Barcellini
- Ergonomics team, Le Cnam, CRTD, 41 rue Gay-Lussac, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Richard Béarée
- Arts et Métiers, LISPEN, 8 Bd Louis XIV, 59800 Lille, France
| | | | - Mouad Bounouar
- Arts et Métiers, LISPEN, 8 Bd Louis XIV, 59800 Lille, France
| | - Willy Buchmann
- Ergonomics team, Le Cnam, CRTD, 41 rue Gay-Lussac, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Dubey
- CETCOPRA, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, 13, rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France
- Business School, Institut Mines-Télécom, 9 Rue Charles Fourier, 91000 Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | | | - Caroline Moricot
- CETCOPRA, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, 13, rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Céline Rosselin-Bareille
- CETCOPRA, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, 13, rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France
- Universite d’Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Marco Saraceno
- CETCOPRA, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, 13, rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France
- Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Ali Siadat
- ENSAM, LCFC, 4 rue A. Fresnel, 57078 Metz Cedex, France
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26
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Pykett J, Campbell N, Fenton SJ, Gagen E, Lavis A, Newbigging K, Parkin V, Williams J. Urban precarity and youth mental health: An interpretive scoping review of emerging approaches. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115619. [PMID: 36641884 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circumstances of living are key to shaping emotional and affective experiences, long term health, wellbeing and opportunities. In an era characterised by rapid urbanisation across the majority of the world, there is increasing interest in the interaction between mental health and urban environments, but insufficient attention is paid to how mental health is situated in space and time. Socio-economic inequalities are prevalent in many urban environments globally, making conditions of living highly precarious for some social groups including young people. There remains a large volume of unmet mental health service needs, and young people are impacted by uncertain economic futures. The purpose of this scoping review is to develop an interdisciplinary and globally-informed understanding of the urban conditions which affect youth mental health across a range of scales, and to identify protective factors which can promote better youth mental health. We seek to broaden the scope of urban mental health research beyond the physical features of urban environments to develop an interpretive framework based on perspectives shared by young people. We illustrate how concepts from social theory can be used as an integrative framework to emphasise both young people's lived experiences and the wider cultural and political dynamics of urban mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pykett
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Urban Wellbeing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Niyah Campbell
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Fenton
- School of Social Policy and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Gagen
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Llandinam Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, Wales, UK.
| | - Anna Lavis
- Institute of Applied Health Research and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Karen Newbigging
- School of Social Policy and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Verity Parkin
- Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences Alumni, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jessy Williams
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Bardo A, Filippo A, Balzeau A. Lateralized behaviors in living humans: Application in the context of hominin brain evolution. Prog Brain Res 2023; 275:143-164. [PMID: 36841567 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The left and right hemispheres of our brains differ subtly in structure, and each is dominant in processing specific cognitive tasks. Our species has a unique system of distributing behavior and cognition between each cerebral hemisphere, with a preponderance of pronounced side biases and lateralized functions. This hemisphere-dependent relationship between cognitive, sensory or motor function and a set of brain structures is called hemispheric specialization. Hemispheric specialization has led to the emergence of model systems to link anatomical asymmetries to brain function and behavior. Scientific research on hemispheric specialization and lateralized functions in living humans focuses on three major domains: (1) hand preferences, (2) language, and (3) visuospatial skills and attention. In this chapter we present an overview of this research with a specific focus on living humans and the applications of this research in the context of hominin brain evolution. Our objective is to put into perspective what we know about brain-behavior relationships in living humans and how we can apply the same methods to investigate this relationship in fossil hominin species, and thus improve our understanding of the emergence and development of complex cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameline Bardo
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France; Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
| | - Andréa Filippo
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France; Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium & Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Schmitt JB, Goldmann A, Simon ST, Bieber C. Conception and Interpretation of Interdisciplinarity in Research Practice: Findings from Group Discussions in the Emerging Field of Digital Transformation. Minerva 2023; 61:199-220. [PMID: 37192964 PMCID: PMC9957685 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have been observing the phenomenon of an emerging scientific field: digital transformation research (DTR). Due to the diversity and complexity of its object of research digital, transformation is not effectively researchable if confined to the boundaries of individual disciplines. In the light of Scientific/Intellectual Movement theory (Frickel and Gross 2005), we wonder how interdisciplinarity could and should be mobilized to further advance the development of the field of DTR. To answer this question, we (a) need to understand how interdisciplinarity is conceived and (b) how it is considered in research practice by researchers in the emerging field. This is important, as scientists' application of interdisciplinarity will highly influence an emerging field, shape its growth, consolidation as well as its academic establishment. We conducted six group discussions with 26 researchers from different disciplines and career levels (PhD students, postdocs, professors). The discussions were studied with a structuring qualitative content analysis. The results reflect the vagueness of the concept of interdisciplinarity. Interdisciplinarity is largely conceived as multidisciplinarity. Further, the interviewees mentioned more challenges than opportunities when it comes to interdisciplinary DTR. The present study widens the scientific understanding about how researchers of different career levels perceive, learn, and practice interdisciplinarity in DTR. It further provides valuable indications of how interdisciplinary research in an emerging field can be profitably shaped for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Goldmann
- Center for Advanced Internet Studies, Bochum, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Samuel T Simon
- Center for Advanced Internet Studies, Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Bieber
- Center for Advanced Internet Studies, Bochum, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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29
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Riehle K, Kistler E, Öhlinger B, Heitz C, Ben-Shlomo D, Jung R, Mommsen H, Sterba JH, Gimatzidis S, Fantalkin A, Prillwitz S, Hein A, Geissler L, Lehmann G, Kindberg Jacobsen J, Posamentir R, Schlotzhauer U. Neutron activation analysis in Mediterranean Archaeology: current applications and future perspectives. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 2023; 15:25. [PMID: 36789354 PMCID: PMC9918394 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-023-01728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper, jointly written by participants of a workshop held in 2021, argues for an increased recognition and application of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in the archaeology of the ancient Mediterranean. Discussing the methodological strengths and challenges, it highlights the great potential NAA has for collecting proxy data from ceramics in order to develop progressive concepts of archaeological research within and beyond the Mediterranean Bronze and Iron Age, pointing out opportunities to revisit long-held assumptions of scholarship and to refine visual/macroscopic provenance determinations of pottery. To take full advantage of NAA's strengths toward a better understanding of the socioeconomic background of ceramics production, distribution, and consumption, the paper emphasises the need for both interdisciplinary collaboration and basic data publication requirements. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12520-023-01728-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Riehle
- Institut für Archäologien, Universität Innsbruck, Langer Weg 11, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Klassische Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erich Kistler
- Institut für Archäologien, Universität Innsbruck, Langer Weg 11, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Öhlinger
- Institut für Archäologien, Universität Innsbruck, Langer Weg 11, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Heitz
- Institut für Archäologien, Universität Innsbruck, Langer Weg 11, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Jung
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Mommsen
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- Und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14–16, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Sterba
- Center for Labelling and Isotope Production, TRIGA Center Atominstitut TU, Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanos Gimatzidis
- Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Fantalkin
- Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Haim Levanon St. 30, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susanne Prillwitz
- Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, University of Heidelberg, Sandgasse 7, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anno Hein
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, PO Box 60037, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | - Gunnar Lehmann
- Dept. of Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Richard Posamentir
- Institut für Klassische Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Udo Schlotzhauer
- Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Im Dol 2-6, Haus II, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sigl B, Schreyer AG, Henkel M, Herold C. [Requirements and value of interdisciplinary communication and consultation]. Radiologie (Heidelb) 2023; 63:89-94. [PMID: 36700947 PMCID: PMC9889491 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary communication and consultation take up a relevant part of the radiological workload. They are essential for high-quality and ubiquitous medical care. There are different modalities of interdisciplinary communication, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This article provides information on requirements regarding infrastructure and personnel as well as important medicolegal aspects of second opinion reports and interdisciplinary boards. It also reveals the striking discrepancy between the effort required by an institute and the inadequate reflection regarding remuneration in the billing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sigl
- Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| | - Andreas G Schreyer
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Brandenburg an der Havel, Medizinische Hochschule Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg a. d. Havel, Deutschland
| | - Markus Henkel
- Berufsverband Deutscher Radiologen, München, Deutschland
| | - Christian Herold
- Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
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31
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Schäfer ST, Andres C. [Update on fast-track concepts in operative medicine : Improved outcome and higher patient satisfaction through interdisciplinary multimodal treatment concepts]. Anaesthesiologie 2023; 72:81-88. [PMID: 36536174 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-022-01234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been propagated in general surgery since the mid-1990s due to medical and health economic advantages for patients as well as hospitals. A comprehensive implementation in Germany is not yet established, although the demographic change requires more than ever concepts for the safe treatment of multimorbid frail patients. The aim of this review is to present modern ERAS concepts, to discuss an extension to prehabilitation measures for frail patients and to present aspects of structural feasibility. MATERIAL AND METHOD A selective literature search in the PubMed database was performed and national as well as international guidelines up to the cut-off date of 1 July 2022 were considered. RESULTS From an anesthesiological point of view, preoperative optimization, individual anesthesia management and postoperative analgesia are prioritized. The implementation of ERAS protocols requires a high degree of interdisciplinarity and needs in addition to medical know-how, appropriate information systems and structures. Modern ERAS concepts can reduce hospital costs and improve patient outcome. CONCLUSION The implementation of ERAS protocols is beneficial for patients as well as economically and should be further promoted. In addition, the benefit of an extension of ERAS concepts, e.g. in older multimorbid patients, should be further scientifically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thomas Schäfer
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - Cordula Andres
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
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Fayet Y, Chanel E, Roussel R, Besle S, Christophe V. [The RCP-SHS: A device at the interface of research and care]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:136-137. [PMID: 36371285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Fayet
- Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 69008 Lyon, France; Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, Inserm U1290, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, Lyon, France.
| | - Emilie Chanel
- Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 69008 Lyon, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Soins Infirmiers, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Roussel
- Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 69008 Lyon, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Soins Infirmiers, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Besle
- Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 69008 Lyon, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, ANR-17-CONV-0002, France
| | - Véronique Christophe
- Centre Léon-Bérard, Département de Sciences Humaines et Sociales, 69008 Lyon, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
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Fleischer M, Coskun B, Stolte B, Della-Marina A, Kölbel H, Lax H, Nonnemacher M, Kleinschnitz C, Schara-Schmidt U, Hagenacker T. [Essen transition model for neuromuscular diseases]. Nervenarzt 2023; 94:129-135. [PMID: 35254466 PMCID: PMC9898325 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in healthcare systems with new therapeutic options improve the life expectancy of patients with neuromuscular diseases. With this, a shift in the phenotype of the diseases from the neuromuscular system towards other organs is more frequently observed, requiring closer interdisciplinary cooperation in caring for these young adults. Therefore, the transition to the adult caring system is nowadays a multilayered transfer with the need for complex care of these patients. OBJECTIVE How can the transitional process be efficiently structured to combine the therapeutic effort of each specialist discipline involved and improve the healthcare process and quality of life in young adults with neuromuscular diseases? MATERIAL AND METHOD The Departments of Neuropediatrics and Neurology of the University Medicine Essen established the Essen transition model for a structured transitional process. A concept of care was developed for the late onset Pompe's disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and juvenile myasthenia gravis representatively for neuromuscular diseases. It consists of four components: 1) In a standardized operational procedure (SOP), general processes, clinical diagnostic steps and guidance of treatment between the two departments are harmonized and specified. 2) The young adults and their relatives are seen in a joint consultation of both disciplines allowing a comprehensive handover for healthcare professionals. 3) In a quarterly meeting, transition conference representatives from the different specialized disciplines from pediatric and adult medicine get together for a case-related interdisciplinary exchange. 4) An interdepartmental transitional database was created to integrate all diagnostic results and parameters as a common information platform and data basis. CONCLUSION The Essen transition model aims to close a gap in the transition of patients with neuromuscular diseases and improve healthcare in these patients with their complex needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fleischer
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Neurologie und Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Bayram Coskun
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Neurologie und Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Stolte
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Neurologie und Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Adela Della-Marina
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Kinderheilkunde 1, Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Heike Kölbel
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Kinderheilkunde 1, Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Hildegard Lax
- grid.491891.cInstitut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Michael Nonnemacher
- grid.491891.cInstitut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Neurologie und Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Kinderheilkunde 1, Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- grid.477805.90000 0004 7470 9004Klinik für Neurologie und Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Deutschland
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Lang H. [Future perspectives of the German Society of Surgery 2022]. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2023; 94:57-60. [PMID: 36574006 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hildebrand F, Höfer C, Horst K, Friemert B, Pennig D, Marzi I, Stange R; Scientific Committee of the German Society for Trauma Surgery. Research in orthopaedic trauma surgery: approaches of basic scientists and clinicians and the relevance of interprofessional research teams. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:75-85. [PMID: 36149435 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-02110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing clinical workload and growing financial, administrative and legal burdens as well as changing demands regarding work-life balance have resulted in an increased emphasis on clinical practice at the expense of research activities by orthopaedic trauma surgeons. This has led to an overall decrease in the number of scientifically active clinicians in orthopaedic trauma surgery, which represents a serious burden on research in this field. In order to guarantee that the clinical relevance of this discipline is also mirrored in the scientific field, new concepts are needed to keep clinicians involved in research. METHODS Literature review and discussion of the results of a survey. RESULTS/CONCLUSION An interdisciplinary and -professional team approach involving clinicians and basic scientists with different fields of expertise appears to be a promising method. Although differences regarding motivation, research focuses, funding rates and sources as well as inhibitory factors for research activities between basic scientists and clinicians exist, successful and long-lasting collaborations have already proven fruitful. For further implementation of the team approach, diverse prerequisites are necessary. Among those measures, institutions (e.g. societies, universities etc.) must shift the focus of their support mechanisms from independent scientist models to research team performances.
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Dingemanse M, Liesenfeld A, Rasenberg M, Albert S, Ameka FK, Birhane A, Bolis D, Cassell J, Clift R, Cuffari E, De Jaegher H, Novaes CD, Enfield NJ, Fusaroli R, Gregoromichelaki E, Hutchins E, Konvalinka I, Milton D, Rączaszek-Leonardi J, Reddy V, Rossano F, Schlangen D, Seibt J, Stokoe E, Suchman L, Vesper C, Wheatley T, Wiltschko M. Beyond Single-Mindedness: A Figure-Ground Reversal for the Cognitive Sciences. Cogn Sci 2023; 47:e13230. [PMID: 36625324 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental fact about human minds is that they are never truly alone: all minds are steeped in situated interaction. That social interaction matters is recognized by any experimentalist who seeks to exclude its influence by studying individuals in isolation. On this view, interaction complicates cognition. Here, we explore the more radical stance that interaction co-constitutes cognition: that we benefit from looking beyond single minds toward cognition as a process involving interacting minds. All around the cognitive sciences, there are approaches that put interaction center stage. Their diverse and pluralistic origins may obscure the fact that collectively, they harbor insights and methods that can respecify foundational assumptions and fuel novel interdisciplinary work. What might the cognitive sciences gain from stronger interactional foundations? This represents, we believe, one of the key questions for the future. Writing as a transdisciplinary collective assembled from across the classic cognitive science hexagon and beyond, we highlight the opportunity for a figure-ground reversal that puts interaction at the heart of cognition. The interactive stance is a way of seeing that deserves to be a key part of the conceptual toolkit of cognitive scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marlou Rasenberg
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
| | - Saul Albert
- Discourse and Rhetoric Group, Loughborough University
| | | | - Abeba Birhane
- Mozilla Foundation
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin
| | - Dimitris Bolis
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences
| | - Justine Cassell
- School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
- Paris Artificial Intelligence Research Institute
| | - Rebecca Clift
- Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex
| | - Elena Cuffari
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College
| | - Hanne De Jaegher
- IAS-Research Center for Mind, Life and Society, Department of Philosophy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
| | | | - N J Enfield
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Sydney
| | - Riccardo Fusaroli
- Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science & Semiotics, Aarhus University
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University
- Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Edwin Hutchins
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego
| | - Ivana Konvalinka
- Section for Cognitive Systems, DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Federico Rossano
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego
| | | | - Johanna Seibt
- Research Unit for Robophilosophy and Integrative Social Robotics, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University
| | - Elizabeth Stokoe
- Discourse and Rhetoric Group, Loughborough University
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics
| | | | - Cordula Vesper
- Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science & Semiotics, Aarhus University
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University
| | - Thalia Wheatley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College
- Santa Fe Institute
| | - Martina Wiltschko
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra
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Rossetti V, Abriel H. The NCCR TransCure: An Incubator for Interdisciplinary Research. Chimia (Aarau) 2022; 76:992-995. [PMID: 38069793 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Bern, was active from 2010 to 2022. It provided unique research and educational framework in the membrane transporter and ion channel field. Thanks to an interdisciplinary approach comprising physiology, structural biology, and chemistry, in parallel to a rich offer in complementary areas such as education and technology transfer, the network achieved outstanding scientific results and contributed to the education of young scientists. In this review, we present the main features and milestones of the NCCR TransCure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rossetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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38
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Alasehir O, Acarturk C. Interdisciplinarity in Cognitive Science: A Document Similarity Analysis. Cogn Sci 2022; 46:e13222. [PMID: 36515385 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive science was established as an interdisciplinary domain of research in the 1970s. Since then, the domain has flourished, despite disputes concerning its interdisciplinarity. Multiple methods exist for the assessment of interdisciplinary research. The present study proposes a methodology for quantifying interdisciplinary aspects of research in cognitive science. We propose models for text similarity analysis that provide helpful information about the relationship between publications and their specific research fields, showing potential as a robust measure of interdisciplinarity. We designed and developed models utilizing the Doc2Vec method for analyzing cognitive science and related fields. Our findings reveal that cognitive science collaborates closely with most constituent disciplines. For instance, we found a balanced engagement between several constituent fields-including psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science-that contribute significantly to cognitive science. On the other hand, anthropology and neuroscience have made limited contributions. In our analysis, we find that the scholarly domain of cognitive science has been exhibiting overt interdisciplinary for the past several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Alasehir
- Department of Information Systems, Middle East Technical University
| | - Cengiz Acarturk
- Department of Cognitive Science, Jagiellonian University.,Department of Cognitive Science, Middle East Technical University
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39
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Torrens Rojas E, Rodríguez Caso JM. Octavio Ocampo, Mexican painter: a metamorphic look at the discourse between the local and the global. Hist Philos Life Sci 2022; 44:64. [PMID: 36414836 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Art and science is an area of research that has strengthened recently, mainly due to the impact of interdisciplinary work. At the same time, approaches between the humanities and the sciences have succeeded in re-signifying traditional views towards critical positions such as postcolonialism, especially in the colonially so-called "Global South". In this paper, we want to review the case of the work of the Mexican artist Octavio Ocampo through works that present the case of biological and cultural evolution. From this, we want to reflect on the public perception of science in Mexico, the tensions between social and natural sciences, and the urgent need to strengthen the postcolonial discourse in scientific practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Torrens Rojas
- Grupo de Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Rodríguez Caso
- Grupo de Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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40
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications offer compelling evidence of the environmental etiology of complex diseases. Social and biographical conditions, as well as material exposures, all modulate our biology with consequences for risk predispositions and health conditions. Elucidating these complex biosocial loops is one of the main challenges animating epigenetics. Yet, research on the development of epigenetic biomarkers often pulls in a direction that departs from a view of biological determinants of health embedded in their social and material environment. Taking the example of the epigenetics of cardiovascular diseases, this paper illustrates how common understandings of epigenetic biomarkers strongly lean toward considering them as mere targets for molecular intervention, rather than as correlates of a complex biological and social patterning of disease. This reductionism about biosocial dynamics of disease, we argue, hampers the pursuit of the goals epigenetics has given itself (in cardiology and beyond). If epigenetic mechanisms point to the deep socio-environmental embeddedness of our health, we conclude, future designs and methods of this research may require an improved methodological consideration of a biosocial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Chiapperino
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204STS Lab, Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Quartier UNIL-Mouline, Institute of Social Sciences, Bâtiment Géopolis, Bureau 5556, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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41
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Seuront L, Zardi GI, Uguen M, Bouchet VMP, Delaeter C, Henry S, Spilmont N, Nicastro KR. A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm. Sci Total Environ 2022; 846:157187. [PMID: 35868387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the most ubiquitous sources of both contamination and pollution of the Anthropocene, and accumulates virtually everywhere on the planet. As such, plastic threatens the environment, the economy and human well-being globally. The related potential threats have been identified as a major global conservation issue and a key research priority. As a consequence, plastic pollution has become one of the most prolific fields of research in research areas including chemistry, physics, oceanography, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, molecular biology, sociology, economy, conservation, management, and even politics. In this context, one may legitimately expect plastic pollution research to be highly interdisciplinary. However, using the emerging topic of microplastic and nanoplastic leachate (i.e., the desorption of molecules that are adsorbed onto the surface of a polymer and/or absorbed into the polymer matrix in the absence of plastic ingestion) in the ocean as a case study, we argue that this is still far from being the case. Instead, we highlight that plastic pollution research rather seems to remain structured in mostly isolated monodisciplinary studies. A plethora of analytical methods are now available to qualify and quantify plastic monomers, polymers and the related additives. We nevertheless show though a survey of the literature that most studies addressing the effects of leachates on marine organisms essentially still lack of a quantitative assessment of the chemical nature and content of both plastic items and their leachates. In the context of the ever-increasing research effort devoted to assess the biological and ecological effects of plastic waste, we subsequently argue that the lack of a true interdisciplinary approach is likely to hamper the development of this research field. We finally introduce a roadmap for future research which has to evolve through the development of a sound and systematic ability to chemically define what we biologically compare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Marine Energy and Resource, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Marine Uguen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Solène Henry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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42
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Friedman Y. Who is the biological patient? A new gradational and dynamic model for one health medicine. Hist Philos Life Sci 2022; 44:61. [PMID: 36357618 PMCID: PMC9649009 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One Health medicine aims to improve health by focusing on the relations between the health of humans, animals, and the environment. However, One Health does not provide a clear idea of these relations, which are still represented as conceptually separated and not as one health, as the name implies. Inspired by holobiont research, I suggest a new model and conceptual framework for One Health that expands the notion of the biological patient by providing a gradational and dynamic understanding of environments, patients, and their relations. This new model conceptualizes humans and non-humans, individual organisms, and collectives, as belonging to one system that allows for more or less inclusive understandings of patients. As such, it resolves the conceptual tensions of different One Health approaches and supports the implementation of One Health as an interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Friedman
- Centre for Philosophy and the Sciences (CPS), Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Bschir K, Lohse S. Pandemics, policy, and pluralism: A Feyerabend-inspired perspective on COVID-19. Synthese 2022; 200:441. [PMID: 36320863 PMCID: PMC9607765 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-022-03923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyse insufficient epistemic pluralism and associated problems in science-based policy advice during the COVID-19 pandemic drawing on specific arguments in Paul Feyerabend's philosophy. Our goal is twofold: to deepen our understanding of the epistemic shortcomings in science-based policy during the pandemic, and to assess the merits and problems of Feyerabend's arguments for epistemic pluralism as well as their relevance for policy-making. We discuss opportunities and challenges of integrating a plurality of viewpoints from within and outside science into policy advice thus contributing to discussions about normative issues concerning evidence and expertise in policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bschir
- University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simon Lohse
- Institute for Science in Society, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- African Centre for Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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44
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Kutalek R, Lahlal M, Kaawa-Mafigiri D, Ryan-Coker M, Böll S, Parisi S, Cheah PY, Pritsch M. Putting global health high on the agenda of medical schools. Wien Med Wochenschr 2022; 173:131-137. [PMID: 36229742 PMCID: PMC9559117 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-022-00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this opinion paper, we reflect on global health and global health education as well as challenges that the coming generation are likely to face. As the field is rapidly changing, it is vital to critically reflect categories of “global south” and “global north” as geographical boundaries, and rather think in terms of inequalities that are present in all countries. Global perspectives on health are useful to analyze structural challenges faced in all health care systems and help understand the diversity of cultures and patients’ concepts of disease. We first discuss burning questions and important challenges in the field and how those challenges are tackled. Rather than going into detail on topical issues, we reflect on approaches and attitudes that we think are important in global health education and present opportunities and challenges for young scholars who are interested in working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kutalek
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mina Lahlal
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Kaawa-Mafigiri
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marcella Ryan-Coker
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Böll
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Unit Medical Anthropology and Global Health, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Parisi
- Department for General Practice, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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Heck J, Rath AK, Wons K, Schumacher C, Kutschenko A, Noltemeyer N, Ulaganathan S, Voßiek LJ, Hijma H, van Smeden J, Schröder C, Stichtenoth DO, Wedemeyer H, Schindler C, Bosch JJ. Students' guide to documentation in clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022. [PMID: 36180797 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, support in clinical trials by students of human medicine and related disciplines has become of even greater importance than in pre-pandemic times. Documentation in clinical trials adheres to the principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and healthcare professionals involved in the conduct of clinical trials-including students-are obliged to perform documentation in accordance with GCP principles. Unprecedented challenges have arisen with regard to the appropriate training of students as training courses in presence had largely to be suspended due to social-distancing regulations during the heyday of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, novel training formats and self-study training materials for students working in clinical trials are urgently warranted. METHODS To overcome this shortcoming and to define a common quality standard, an interdisciplinary, multiprofessional (physicians, study nurses, medical students), and binational (Germany, The Netherlands) expert panel convened and devised the Students' guide to documentation in clinical trials. RESULTS Following a brief description of the different roles in clinical trials (e.g., sponsor, (principal) investigator, monitor) and an introduction into the principles of GCP, the documentation of adverse events, concomitant medication, medical history, and quality control are comprehensively discussed. The Guide concludes with a trilingual medical dictionary (English, German, Dutch) and with recommendations of pertinent literature for further reading. CONCLUSION Serving both as textbook for self-training and as (quick-) reference work for the daily routine, the Guide has specifically been designed to complement, but not to replace practical training courses for students. While primarily addressed at students of human medicine and related disciplines, the Guide can also be of high relevance and utility to other healthcare professionals involved in the conduct of clinical trials.
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Deflem M. The Continuity of the Social Sciences During COVID-19: Sociology and Interdisciplinarity in Pandemic Times. Society 2022; 59:735-746. [PMID: 36043054 PMCID: PMC9409620 DOI: 10.1007/s12115-022-00763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
I argue that the COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity for sociologists and other social scientists to focus their scholarship on this apparently new event, while applying theoretical and methodological traditions that were established during pre-pandemic times. I substantiate this argument by critically reviewing published sociological research on COVID-19, especially as it developed early on during the pandemic, in the light of the historical development and original ambitions of sociology and other social sciences. Evaluating these contributions, I make a case for the value of a collaborative notion of interdisciplinarity to analyze the multi-dimensional dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic from the viewpoint of various disciplines. On the basis of sociological work on celebrity culture during the pandemic, I argue that this task can be accomplished without resorting to all too readily made judgments concerning the unprecedented nature of the pandemic. Studying the multiple dimensions of the pandemic, each of the social sciences can usefully contribute to interdisciplinary research by relying on the proven perspectives of their respective disciplinary orientations and specialty areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deflem
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
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Reisman E, Radel M, Clark S, Buck H. Grad school in the rear view: prioritizing career skills, mentorship, and equity in the interdisciplinary environmental PhD. J Environ Stud Sci 2022; 12:890-897. [PMID: 35971417 PMCID: PMC9365442 DOI: 10.1007/s13412-022-00790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interdisciplinary Environmental PhD programs show great promise for advancing integrative problem-oriented scholarship, yet graduates of these programs may not always leave with training that best prepares them for the harsh realities of the academic job market or students' unique career goals beyond academia. This study is the first of its kind to anonymously survey 132 recent participants from programs across the USA who exited their program, either with or without completing a degree, within the past 10 years. Respondents candidly reflected on their experiences with interdisciplinarity, coursework, skills building, mentorship, equity and inclusion, teaching, and preparation for diverse career paths. We found substantial opportunities for improving student satisfaction and career preparedness in the training of interdisciplinary environmental scholars who can provide critical solutions for addressing today's socioecological challenges while forging long-term paths to professional fulfilment. In the conclusion, we detail recommendations for career planning, pedagogical and skills-based training, and improved equity which can allow these unique doctoral programs to meet the current moment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13412-022-00790-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reisman
- Department of Environment & Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Madelyn Radel
- Department of Environment & Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Susan Clark
- Department of Environment & Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Holly Buck
- Department of Environment & Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
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Mekik CS, Galang CM. Cognitive Science in a Nutshell. Cogn Sci 2022; 46:e13179. [PMID: 35938812 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel characterization of the core of cognitive science as the study of how agents perform tasks, where agents and tasks are both broadly construed. We motivate the focus on agents and tasks through a discussion of their prevalence in cognitive science, their utility in identifying topics close to and distant from cognitive science, and their applicability to prominent issues in the field. We argue that our proposal clearly and succinctly highlights the distinctive characteristics of cognitive science and simultaneously motivates its interdisciplinary approach without losing sight of its roots in the study of information processing and cognitive representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can S Mekik
- Cognitive Architecture Lab, Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Carl Michael Galang
- Social Intelligence Lab, Berlin School for Mind and Brain, Institute for Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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Ding M, Wei Y. A conceptual framework for quantitatively understanding the impacts of floods/droughts and their management on the catchment's social-ecological system (C-SES). Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154041. [PMID: 35283124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Throughout history, factors closely associated with the development of human riparian civilization have undoubtedly included extreme hydrological events (floods and droughts). Few studies have been found on evaluating floods/droughts management from a perspective of long-term resilience of socio-ecological system perspective. In addition, there are increasing studies on conceptual frameworks on the resilience of social-ecological systems. However, resilience to what and how to measure it is still unclear and a continuing research topic. This paper aims to understand the impacts of floods/droughts and their management on the catchment socio-ecological system (C-SES) by developing a measurable resilience framework in which floods/droughts and their management are considered part of whole-of-system external drivers. It will be built on the theoretical development of SESs and inter-disciplinary hydrology and borrow the theory of elastic mechanics to consider the catchment as a socio-ecological system (C-SES) and analyze the floods/droughts and their management as external stress on C-SES. The framework includes five logically connected components; (1) defining a catchment as a resilient catchment social and ecological system(C-SES); (2) defining social-institutional and natural forces on the C-SES; (3) defining flood/drought disasters forces on the C-SES; (4) defining flood/drought management forces on the C-SES; and (5) defining and calculating the resilience of a C-SES to the forces defined in (2), (3) and (4), and analyzing the change in different categories of resilience with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Peking University ShenZhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Ier Environmental Protection Engineering Technique Co., ltd., Shenzhen 518071, China; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Yongping Wei
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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50
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Lachal J, Carretier E, Prevost C, Nadeau PO, Taddeo D, Fortin MC, Blanchet C, Amirali L, Wilhelmy M, Frappier JY, Moro MR, Ben Amor L. The experience of healthcare professionals treating adolescents with eating disorders in psychiatric and pediatric inpatient units for adolescents: A qualitative study. Encephale 2022:S0013-7006(22)00076-8. [PMID: 35725521 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The recommended treatment for Eating Disorders (EDs) is multidisciplinary and multimodal. Nonetheless, the complex linkage of the different disciplines involved is not necessarily simple. We analyzed the experience of healthcare professionals faced with psychiatric and psychological symptoms in adolescents with EDs in two "multidisciplinary" inpatient units embedded predominantly in different paradigms - one pediatric and one psychiatric. METHODS Qualitative analysis of 20 healthcare staff members' interviews from different professional backgrounds working in inpatient units for EDs in Montreal (Canada) and Paris (France). RESULTS The "Complex patients" theme discusses the need for a global approach to the multiplicity of symptoms presented by these patients. "Management and its limits" describes the daily management of psychiatric symptoms in both units. "Psychiatry and Adolescent medicine: from opposition to collaboration" describes the different levels at which these disciplines work together and how this cooperation may be evolving. CONCLUSIONS The complex entanglement intrinsic in EDs of the patients' somatic, psychosocial, psychiatric, and adolescent problems requires collaboration between disciplines, but the modalities of this collaboration are multiple and evolve non-linearly in specialized treatment units. A multilevel approach must be offered, with the degree of collaboration (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) appropriate to the complexity of each adolescent's issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lachal
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France.
| | - E Carretier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; AP-HP, hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - C Prevost
- AP-HP, hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France
| | - P-O Nadeau
- Département de psychiatrie, université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - D Taddeo
- Adolescent Medicine Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Ch Cote Ste-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montreal, Canada
| | - M-C Fortin
- Adolescent Medicine Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Ch Cote Ste-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montreal, Canada
| | - C Blanchet
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; AP-HP, hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - L Amirali
- Département de psychiatrie, université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Wilhelmy
- Département de psychiatrie, université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - J-Y Frappier
- Adolescent Medicine Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Ch Cote Ste-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montreal, Canada
| | - M R Moro
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; AP-HP, hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - L Ben Amor
- Département de psychiatrie, université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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