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Jadhav N, Ajgaonkar S, Saha P, Gurav P, Pandey A, Basudkar V, Gada Y, Panda S, Jadhav S, Mehta D, Nair S. Molecular Pathways and Roles for Vitamin K2-7 as a Health-Beneficial Nutraceutical: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896920. [PMID: 35774605 PMCID: PMC9237441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2-7, also known as menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a form of vitamin K that has health-beneficial effects in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Compared to vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), K2-7 is absorbed more readily and is more bioavailable. Clinical studies have unequivocally demonstrated the utility of vitamin K2-7 supplementation in ameliorating peripheral neuropathy, reducing bone fracture risk and improving cardiovascular health. We examine how undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) are converted to carboxylated forms (cOC and cMGP respectively) by K2-7 acting as a cofactor, thus facilitating the deposition of calcium in bones and preventing vascular calcification. K2-7 is beneficial in managing bone loss because it upregulates osteoprotegerin which is a decoy receptor for RANK ligand (RANKL) thus inhibiting bone resorption. We also review the evidence for the health-beneficial outcomes of K2-7 in diabetes, peripheral neuropathy and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we discuss the K2-7-mediated suppression of growth in cancer cells via cell-cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis. The mechanistic basis for the disease-modulating effects of K2-7 is mediated through various signal transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAP Kinase, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, etc. Interestingly, K2-7 is also responsible for suppression of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α. We elucidate various genes modulated by K2-7 as well as the clinical pharmacometrics of vitamin K2-7 including K2-7-mediated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). Further, we discuss the current status of clinical trials on K2-7 that shed light on dosing strategies for maximum health benefits. Taken together, this is a synthetic review that delineates the health-beneficial effects of K2-7 in a clinical setting, highlights the molecular basis for these effects, elucidates the clinical pharmacokinetics of K2-7, and underscores the need for K2-7 supplementation in the global diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yash Gada
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Dilip Mehta
- Synergia Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
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Grilo LF, Martins JD, Cavallaro CH, Nathanielsz PW, Oliveira PJ, Pereira SP. Development of a 96-well based assay for kinetic determination of catalase enzymatic-activity in biological samples. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Al-Suhaimi EA, Al-Jafary MA. Endocrine roles of vitamin K-dependent- osteocalcin in the relation between bone metabolism and metabolic disorders. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:117-125. [PMID: 31761961 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are important metabolic diseases and a major public health problem among the world, they have serious health and economic complications. Overweight and obesity are increased risk for deficiency of vitamin particularly shortage of fat soluble-vitamins. Studies reported that vitamin K supplementation reduces oxidative stress and metabolic risk biomarkers for diabetes, as well as reduces progression of insulin resistance. Vitamin K-dependent-protein osteocalcin (bone derived hormone) plays crucial roles in energy metabolism. There is a clear association between circulating vitamin k and dependent-osteocalcin concentrations with obesity and risk of Type 2 diabetes. Osteocalcin through molecular mechanisms improves insulin resistance, lipid and glucose profile, and mediate vitamin K positive effects. Insulin also signals osteocalcin to regulate bone mineralization. Normal carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins/ hormones is a key step in preventing apoptosis and calcification of vascular endothelial cells. A missing relationship between bone, glucose and fat metabolism could clarify and manage many metabolic mechanisms. This review focuses on the physiological relationship between vitamin K-dependent-osteocalcin, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through some molecular proteins and hormones including adipokines. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of osteocalcin modulated by vitamin K could help in implementing therapeutic drugs to cure metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Abdullah Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Meneerah Abdulrahman Al-Jafary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Lee MH, Kim J, Cho Y, Kim DH, Yang JY, Kwon HJ, Park M, Woo HJ, Kim SH, Kim JB. Menadione Induced Apoptosis in MKN45 Cells via Down-regulation of Survivin. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Cho
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daekyeung University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sa-Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Bae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Lee MH, Yang JY, Cho Y, Woo HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim DH, Park M, Moon C, Yeon MJ, Kim HW, Seo WD, Kim SH, Kim JB. Inhibitory Effects of Menadione on Helicobacter pylori Growth and Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation via NF-κB Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051169. [PMID: 30866458 PMCID: PMC6429389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
H. pylori is classified as a group I carcinogen by WHO because of its involvement in gastric cancer development. Several reports have suggested anti-bacterial effects of menadione, although the effect of menadione on major virulence factors of H. pylori and H. pylori-induced inflammation is yet to be elucidated. In this study, therefore, we demonstrated that menadione has anti-H. pylori and anti-inflammatory effects. Menadione inhibited growth of H. pylori reference strains and clinical isolates. Menadione reduced expression of vacA in H. pylori, and translocation of VacA protein into AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma cell) was also decreased by menadione treatment. This result was concordant with decreased apoptosis in AGS cells infected with H. pylori. Moreover, cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) translocation into H. pylori-infected AGS cells was also decreased by menadione. Menadione inhibited expression of several type IV secretion system (T4SS) components, including virB2, virB7, virB8, and virB10, that are responsible for translocation of CagA into host cells. In particular, menadione inhibited nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation and thereby reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in AGS as well as in THP-1 (monocytic leukemia cell) cell lines. Collectively, these results suggest the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of menadione against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju 26460, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Yoonjung Cho
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju 26460, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jun Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daekyeung University, Gyeongsan 38547, Korea.
| | - Cheol Moon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea.
| | - Min Ji Yeon
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung 25451, Korea.
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Woo-Duck Seo
- National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-Gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Sa-Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea.
| | - Jong-Bae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
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Božič J, Bidovec K, Vizovišek M, Dolenc I, Stoka V. Menadione-induced apoptosis in U937 cells involves Bid cleavage and stefin B degradation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10662-10669. [PMID: 30652348 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that the oxidant menadione (MD) induces apoptosis in certain cells and also has anticancer effects. Most of these studies emphasized the role of the mitochondria in this process. However, the engagement of other organelles is less known. Particularly, the role of lysosomes and their proteolytic system, which participates in apoptotic cell death, is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lysosomal cathepsins on molecular signaling in MD-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. MD treatment induced translocation of cysteine cathepsins B, C, and S, and aspartic cathepsin D. Once in the cytosol, some cathepsins cleaved the proapoptotic molecule, Bid, in a process that was completely prevented by E64d, a general inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, and partially prevented by the pancaspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. Upon loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosome activation led to caspase-9 processing, activation of caspase-3-like caspases, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Notably, the endogenous protein inhibitor, stefin B, was degraded by cathepsin D and caspases. This process was prevented by z-VAD-fmk, and partially by pepstatin A-penetratin. These findings suggest that the cleaved Bid protein acts as an amplifier of apoptotic signaling through mitochondria, thus enhancing the activity of cysteine cathepsins following stefin B degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Božič
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Bidovec
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Dolenc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Stoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lee MH, Cho Y, Kim DH, Woo HJ, Yang JY, Kwon HJ, Yeon MJ, Park M, Kim SH, Moon C, Tharmalingam N, Kim TU, Kim JB. Menadione induces G2/M arrest in gastric cancer cells by down-regulation of CDC25C and proteasome mediated degradation of CDK1 and cyclin B1. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:5246-5255. [PMID: 28077999 PMCID: PMC5209479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Menadione (vitamin K3) has been reported to induce apoptotic cell death and growth inhibition in various types of cancer cells. However, involvement of menadione in cell cycle control has not been considered in gastric cancer cells yet. In the current study, we have investigated whether menadione is involved in the cell cycle regulation and suppression of growth in gastric cancer cells. In the cell cycle analysis, we found that menadione induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in AGS cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we investigated the cell cycle regulatory molecules involved in the G2/M cell cycle transition. After 24 h of menadione treatment, the protein level of CDK1, CDC25C and cyclin B1 in AGS cells was decreased in a menadione dose-dependent manner. In the time course experiment, the protein level of CDC25C decreased in 6 h, and CDK1and cyclin B1 protein levels began to decrease after 18 h of menadione treatment. We found that mRNA level of CDC25C decreased by menadione treatment in 6 h. Menadione did not have an influence on mRNA level of CDK1 and cyclin B1 though the protein levels were decreased. However, the decreased protein levels of CDK1 and cyclin B1 were recovered by inhibition of proteasome. Collectively, these results suggest that menadione inhibits growth of gastric cancer cells by reducing expression of CDC25C and promoting proteasome mediated degradation of CDK1 and cyclin B1 thereby blocking transition of the cell cycle from G2 phase to M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Yeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung UniversityJaecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Moon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung UniversityJaecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagendran Tharmalingam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Tae Ue Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei UniversityWonju, Republic of Korea
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