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Lu YY, Lin CY, Lu CC, Tsai HP, Wang WT, Zhang ZH, Wu CH. Bleomycin triggers chronic mechanical nociception by activating TRPV1 and glial reaction-mediated neuroinflammation via TSLP/TSLPR/pSTAT5 signals. Brain Res Bull 2024; 217:111081. [PMID: 39277019 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a universal public health problem with nearly one third of global human involved, which causes significant distressing personal burden. After painful stimulus, neurobiological changes occur not only in peripheral nervous system but also in central nervous system where somatosensory cortex is important for nociception. Being an ion channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) act as an inflammatory detector in the brain. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a potent neuroinflammation mediator after nerve injury. Bleomycin is applied to treat dermatologic diseases, and its administration elicits local painful sensation. However, whether bleomycin administration can cause chronic pain remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how mice develop chronic pain after receiving repeated bleomycin administration. In addition, the relevant neurobiological brain changes after noxious stimuli were clarified. C57BL/6 mice aged five- to six-weeks were randomly classified into two group, PBS (normal) group and bleomycin group which bleomycin was intradermally administered to back five times a week over a three-week period. Calibrated forceps testing was used to measure mouse pain threshold. Western blots were used to assess neuroinflammatory response; immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the status of neuron apoptosis, glial reaction, and neuro-glial communication. Bleomycin administration induced mechanical nociception and activated both TRPV1 and TSLP/TSLPR/pSTAT5 signals in mouse somatosensory cortex. Through these pathways, bleomycin not only activates glial reaction but also causes neuronal apoptosis. TRPV1 and TSLP/TSLPR/pSTAT5 signaling had co-labeled each other by immunofluorescence assay. Taken together, our study provides a new chronic pain model by repeated intradermal bleomycin injection by activating TRPV1 and glial reaction-mediated neuroinflammation via TSLP/TSLPR/pSTAT5 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan 260006, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City 114202, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinle City Hospital, Xinle, Hebei 050700, PR China
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Lu YY, Tsai HP, Tsai TH, Miao HC, Zhang ZH, Wu CH. RTA-408 Regulates p-NF-κB/TSLP/STAT5 Signaling to Ameliorate Nociceptive Hypersensitivity in Chronic Constriction Injury Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1714-1725. [PMID: 37773082 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain following nerve injury is a complex condition, which often puts a negative impact on life and remains a sustained problem. To make pain management better is of great significance and unmet need. RTA 408 (Omaveloxone) is a traditional Asian medicine with a valid anti-inflammatory property. Thus, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of RTA-408 on mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats as well as the underlying mechanisms. Neuropathic pain was induced by using CCI of the rats' sciatic nerve (SN) and the behavior testing was measured by calibrated forceps testing. Activation of Nrf-2, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the inflammatory response were assessed by western blots. The number of apoptotic neurons and degree of glial cell reaction were examined by immunofluorescence assay. RTA-408 exerts an analgesic effect on CCI rats. RTA-408 reduces neuronal apoptosis and glial cell activation by increasing Nrf-2 expression and decreasing the inflammatory response (TNF-α/ p-NF-κB/ TSLP/ STAT5). These data suggest that RTA-408 is a candidate with potential to reduce nociceptive hypersensitivity after CCI by targeting TSLP/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinle City Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, 050700, People's Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Exploring Novel Therapeutic Targets in the Common Pathogenic Factors in Migraine and Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044114. [PMID: 36835524 PMCID: PMC9959352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine and neuropathic pain (NP) are both painful, disabling, chronic conditions which exhibit some symptom similarities and are thus considered to share a common etiology. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has gained credit as a target for migraine management; nevertheless, the efficacy and the applicability of CGRP modifiers warrant the search for more effective therapeutic targets for pain management. This scoping review focuses on human studies of common pathogenic factors in migraine and NP, with reference to available preclinical evidence to explore potential novel therapeutic targets. CGRP inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies alleviate inflammation in the meninges; targeting transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels may help prevent the release of nociceptive substances, and modifying the endocannabinoid system may open a path toward discovery of novel analgesics. There may exist a potential target in the tryptophan-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic system, which is closely linked to glutamate-induced hyperexcitability; alleviating neuroinflammation may complement a pain-relieving armamentarium, and modifying microglial excitation, which is observed in both conditions, may be a possible approach. Those are several potential analgesic targets which deserve to be explored in search of novel analgesics; however, much evidence remains missing. This review highlights the need for more studies on CGRP modifiers for subtypes, the discovery of TRP and endocannabinoid modulators, knowledge of the status of KYN metabolites, the consensus on cytokines and sampling, and biomarkers for microglial function, in search of innovative pain management methods for migraine and NP.
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Chen Y, Tang L. The crosstalk between parenchymal cells and macrophages: A keeper of tissue homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050188. [PMID: 36505488 PMCID: PMC9732730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and parenchymal cells (PCs) collectively perform tissue-specific functions. PCs play significant roles and continuously adjust the intrinsic functions and metabolism of organs. Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are crucial members of native NPCs in tissues and are essential for immune defense, tissue repair and development, and homeostasis maintenance. As a plastic-phenotypic and prevalent cluster of NPCs, TRMs dynamically assist PCs in functioning by producing cytokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the PCs of tissues modulate the functional activity and polarization of TRMs. Dysregulation of the PC-TRM crosstalk axis profoundly impacts many essential physiological functions, including synaptogenesis, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, cardiac pulsation, gas exchange, blood filtration, and metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on the PC-TRM crosstalk in mammalian vital tissues, along with their interactions with tissue homeostasis maintenance and disorders. Thus, this review highlights the fundamental biological significance of the regulatory network of PC-TRM in tissue homeostasis.
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Wang JY, Zhang JL, Chen SP, Gao YH, Zhang JL, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Rong PJ, Liu JL. Electroacupuncture relieves hyperalgesia by regulating neuronal–glial interaction and glutamate transporters of spinal dorsal horns in rats with acute incisional neck pain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885107. [PMID: 36389227 PMCID: PMC9643735 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glial cells are involved in the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in rats with chronic neurological pain. The objective of this study was to observe the role of neuronal–glial interaction and glutamate (Glu) transporters in EA-induced acute neck pain relief in rats. Materials and methods Male rats were placed into the following five groups: control, model, EA Futu (LI18), EA Hegu (LI4)-Neiguan (PC6), and EA Zusanli (ST36)-Yanglingquan (GB34). The incisional neck pain model was established by making a longitudinal incision along the midline of the neck. The thermal pain threshold (TPT) was measured using a radiation heat detector. The immunoactivities of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), Glu aspartate transporter (GLAST), and Glu transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the dorsal horns (DHs) of the cervico-spinal cord (C2–C5) were detected using immunofluorescence histochemistry. The expression levels of GFAP, Iba-1, GLAST, and GLT-1 mRNAs were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The TPT and levels of mRNAs expression and immunoactivity of GLT-1 and GLAST were significantly decreased, and those of Iba-1 and GFAP were significantly increased in the model group than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The activated microgliacytes were gathered around the NK-1R positive neurons, and co-expression of NK-1R and astrocytes was observed in the model group. EA LI18 significantly increased the TPT and expression of GLAST and GLT-1 mRNAs (P < 0.05) and notably decreased the number of Iba-1 positive cells and Iba-l mRNA expression (P < 0.05), whereas GLAST and GLT-1 antagonists inhibited the analgesic effect of EA LI18. However, these effects, except for the downregulation of Iba-1 mRNA, were not observed in the EA ST36-GB34 group. Fewer NK-1R-positive neurons were visible in the spinal DHs in the EA LI18 group, and the co-expression of NK-1R and astrocytes was also lower than that in the three EA groups. Conclusion Electroacupuncture of LI18 had an analgesic effect in rats with neck incisions, which may be related to its functions in suppressing the neuronal–glial cell interaction through NK-1R and upregulating the expression of GLAST and GLT-1 in the spinal DHs.
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Ma M, Wang Z, Wang J, Wei S, Cui J, Wang Y, Luo K, Zhao L, Liu X, Wang R. Endomorphin analog exhibited superiority in alleviating neuropathic hyperalgesia via weak activation of NMDA receptors. J Neurochem 2020; 155:662-678. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Keyao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University Lanzhou China
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Tam J, Loeb C, Grajower D, Kim J, Weissbart S. Neuromodulation for Chronic Pelvic Pain. Curr Urol Rep 2018; 19:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-018-0783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anesthesia, brain changes, and behavior: Insights from neural systems biology. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:121-160. [PMID: 28189740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hansson E, Werner T, Björklund U, Skiöldebrand E. Therapeutic innovation: Inflammatory-reactive astrocytes as targets of inflammation. IBRO Rep 2016; 1:1-9. [PMID: 30135924 PMCID: PMC6084881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test pharmaceutical compounds targeting astrocytes showing inflammatory dysregulation. The primary rat brain cultures were treated with different batches of serum with or without microglia added to make the cells inflammatory-reactive. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tryptase were used as inflammatory inducers. Expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Na+/K+-ATPase, and matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13), as well as actin filament organization, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular Ca2+ release, were evaluated. LPS combined with tryptase upregulated TLR4 expression, whereas Na+/K+-ATPase expression was downregulated, ATP-evoked Ca2+ transients were increased, actin filaments were reorganized and ring structures instead of stress fibers were observed. Other aims of the study were to prevent astrocytes from becoming inflammatory-reactive and to restore inflammatory dysregulated cellular changes. A combination of the μ-opioid antagonist (-)-naloxone in ultra-low concentrations, the non-addictive μ-opioid agonist (-)-linalool, and the anti-epileptic agent levetiracetam was examined. The results indicated that this drug cocktail prevented the LPS- and tryptase-induced inflammatory dysregulation. The drug cocktail could also restore the LPS- and tryptase-treated cells back to a normal physiological level in terms of the analyzed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tony Werner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Björklund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Richnern M, Vaegter CB, Pallesen LT. Targeting glial dysfunction to treat post-surgical neuropathic pain. Scand J Pain 2016; 10:58-60. [PMID: 28361774 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Richnern
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, AarhusDK-8000, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Tjener Pallesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, AarhusDK-8000, Denmark
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