Association between short sleep duration and intake of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation in the management of sleep bruxism in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Sleep hygiene measures and meditation may reduce stress and improve sleep quality, but their effect on the occurrence of sleep bruxism in children has not yet been investigated.

AIM

To explore the effects of sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation (relaxation audio) in the management of probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children.

DESIGN

This clinical trial (no. NCT04501237) randomized 36 children with 3-8 years of age. Probable SB detection was performed according to the criteria established by the International Consensus on The Assessment of Bruxism-2018. Intervention group was instructed to practice sleep hygiene measures and mindfulness meditation (i.e., the use of a digital app to broadcast audio relaxation) each night before bedtime for 5 weeks; control group did not receive guidance for therapies. Parents completed a bruxism diary for 5 weeks, and the outcome was the number of SB episodes-day reported in the week (ranging from 0 to 7) in each period. A multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression model was performed.

RESULTS

A total of 32 children (mean age: 6.1 years) completed the study. The children who received the therapies related to sleep hygiene measures and mindfulness meditation had a reduction in the SB incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 46% (IRR = 0.54 [Confidence Interval 95%, 0.45-0.65]) during a 5-week observation period. The sensitivity analyses did not show relevant changes in the measure of the effect.

CONCLUSION

Sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation reduced the SB in children.

The effectiveness of the TRACE online nutrition intervention in improving dietary intake, sleep quality and physical activity levels for Australian adults with food addiction: a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Few interventions for food addiction (FA) report on dietary intake variables. The present study comprised a three-arm randomised controlled trial in adults with symptoms of FA. The aim was to evaluate dietary intake, sleep and physical activity resulting from a dietitian-led telehealth intervention at 3 months.

METHODS

Adults with ≥3 symptoms of FA and a body mass index > 18.5 kg/m2 were recruited. Dietary intake including energy, nutrients and diet quality were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in addition to sleep quality and physical activity (total min) and compared between groups and over time. Personalised dietary goals set by participants were examined to determine whether improvements in percent energy from core and non-core foods were reported.

RESULTS

The active intervention group was superior compared to the passive intervention and control groups for improvements in percent energy from core (6.4%/day [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.0 to 12.9], p = 0.049), non-core foods (-6.4%/day [95% CI -12.9 to 0.0], p = 0.049), sweetened drinks (-1.7%/day [95% CI -2.9 to -0.4], p = 0.013), takeaway foods (-2.3%/day [95% CI -4.5 to -0.1], p = 0.045) and sodium (-478 mg/day [95% CI -765 to -191 mg], p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

A dietitian-led telehealth intervention for Australian adults with FA found significant improvements in dietary intake variables. Setting personalised goals around nutrition and eating behaviours was beneficial for lifestyle change.

Combined effects of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen-based sedentary behavior, and sleep duration on South Korean adolescent obesity: a cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

This study examined the combined effects of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and sleep duration on adolescent obesity.

METHODS

It followed a cross-sectional study design and conducted secondary analysis on data from 20,497 high school students who participated in the 17th (2021) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. This study underwent logistic regression analysis in complex sampling analysis.

RESULTS

The combinations of low and medium consumption of SSBs, excessive screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep durations were associated with a 1.18 and 1.12 fold increased likelihood of obesity (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03-1.35) and (95% CI=1.02-1.22), respectively. The combination of high SSB consumption, appropriate screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.15, 95% CI=1.01-1.31) and high SSB consumption, excessive screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep duration (aOR=1.40, 95% CI=1.16-1.69) were associated with obesity.

CONCLUSION

Integrated and tailored programs considering combination patterns of SSB consumption, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep duration need to be developed for preventing adolescent obesity.

The effect of childhood depression trajectories on sugar-sweetened beverage habit trajectories in adolescence: Exploring sleep problems as a mediator

Although depression has been linked to the habit of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), little is known about their long-term relationships and the mediating role of sleep problems. This study examines the associations between childhood depressive symptoms trajectories and adolescent SSB-habit trajectories and whether these associations were mediated by sleep problems. Data came from 1560 adolescents participating in a longitudinal study across grades 1 through 12 in northern Taiwan. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify development of childhood depressive symptoms and an SSB habit in adolescence. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the influence of childhood depressive symptoms and adolescent SSB habit. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether sleep problems mediated the associations examined. Four distinct trajectories of childhood depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable (30.79%), moderate-stable (42.32%), increasing (12.29%), and high-stable (11.60%). Three distinct trajectories of SSB habit in adolescence were identified: low-stable (44.32%), increasing (15.02%), and high-stable (40.65%). Children who had moderate-stable (aOR = 1.35; CI: 1.04-1.77), high-stable (aOR = 2.01; CI: 1.28-3.15), or increasing (aOR = 1.97; CI: 1.26-3.06) trajectories of depressive symptoms relative to those in the low-stable group were significantly more likely to belong to the high-stable trajectory of SSBs than to the low-stable SSBs group. The Z-mediation test showed that sleep problems significantly mediated the associations between trajectories of childhood depressive symptoms and trajectories of SSBs during adolescence (all p < 0.05). Childhood depressive symptoms conferred risks for adolescent SSB habits; and the effects were seen, in part, through increasing sleep problems.

Combination of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen-based sedentary time, and sleep duration and their association with South Korean adolescents' mental health

Introduction

This study examines the combinations of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, screen-based sedentary time, and sleep duration and their association with adolescents' depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.

Methods

This research followed a crosssectional study design. Secondary data analysis was conducted on the data collected from 21,046 high school students who had participated in the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey in 2021. A complex sampling analysis, including descriptive and logistic regression analyses, was conducted in SPSS Statistics 26.0.

Results

The combination of low SSB consumption, excessive screen-based sedentary time, and short sleep duration was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. In addition, a combination of medium/high SSB consumption, appropriate/excessive screen-based sedentary time, and short sleep duration was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. Finally, the combination of high SSB consumption, excessive screen-based sedentary time, and short sleep duration was associated with an increase in suicidal ideation.

Discussion

The findings demonstrate that healthcare providers should develop and conduct family-and school-based programs to restrict SSB consumption, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and sleep duration to improve adolescents' mental health.

Association between Beverage Consumption and Sleep Quality in Adolescents

The objective of this study was to verify if the consumption of different beverages (such as water, 100% pure fruit juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) is associated with adolescents' sleep quality. French-speaking adolescents were recruited in person and online throughout the province of Québec (Canada) from the end of March to early July 2023. Beverage consumption and sleep quality were measured using French versions of validated questionnaires specifically designed for adolescents. A total of 218 adolescents (14-17 years; 55.5% female) completed the online survey. Among caffeinated SSBs, energy drink (rs = -0.16; p = 0.0197) and sugar-sweetened coffee (rs = -0.33; p < 0.0001) intake was correlated with adolescents' sleep quality. Energy drink consumption (β = -0.0048; p = 0.0005) and being male (β = 0.6033; p < 0.0001) were associated with adolescents' sleep quality. There was an interaction between sugar-sweetened coffee intake and biological sex that was associated with adolescents' sleep quality (p = 0.0053). Sugar-sweetened coffee consumption was correlated with adolescent girls' abilities to go to bed (rs = -0.21; p = 0.0203) and fall asleep (rs = -0.28; p = 0.0020), while in boys, it was only significantly correlated with their abilities to go to bed (rs = -0.27; p = 0.0069). Public health interventions aimed at adolescent boys should primarily target lowering energy drink consumption, while those aimed at girls should prioritize sugar-sweetened coffee intake to possibly improve their sleep quality.

Chrononutrition behaviors, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, sleep quality and the association with body mass index among Malaysian women

The present study aimed to determine the association between chrononutrition behaviors, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and sleep quality among Malaysian women. A cross-sectional study using a validated, self-administered Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire, Beverage Questionnaire and Sleep Quality Index were conducted among 934 Malaysian women. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to obtain odds ratios of being overweight/underweight and to test the association with poor sleep quality. 40% of Malaysian women were either overweight or obese and 65.4% had poor sleep quality. We found that breakfast skipping (OR: 4.101; CI: 2.378-7.070), poor evening eating (OR: 4.073; CI: 1.631-10.186), and eating the largest meal at night (OR: 6.970; CI: 1.944-24.994) increased the odds of being underweight. On the other hand, the daily consumption of 100% fruit juices (OR: 1.668; CI: 1.058-1.731), daily consumption of sweetened coffee or tea (OR: 1.707; CI: 1.162-2.508) and consumption of diet soft drinks by 6 times or fewer (OR: 1.484; CI: 1.066-2.064) are associated with increased odds of being overweight. However, when adjusted, only poor evening latency (AOR: 16.638; CI: 1.986-139.383) revealed an increased odd of being underweight. The highest odds predicting poor sleep quality were found for eating the largest meal during dinner (OR: 3.696; CI: 1.967-6.945) and (AOR: 2.194; CI: 1.119-4.304) when adjusted. Hence, the result indicates that multifactorial impacts on women's body weight and recommendations to adjust chrononutrition and sugar-sweetened beverages intake in lifestyle must be done carefully considering other parameters together.

Toward an Integrated Consideration of 24 h Movement Guidelines and Nutritional Recommendations

While physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviors are almost always considered independently, they should be considered as integrated human behaviors. The 24 h Movement approach proposes a concomitant consideration of these behaviors to promote overall health. Not only do these behaviors impact energy expenditure, but they have also been shown to separately impact energy intake, which should be further explored when considering the entire integration of these movement behaviors under the 24 h movement approach. After an evaluation of the prevalence of meeting the 24 h Movement and dietary recommendations, this review summarizes the available evidence (using English publications indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE) regarding the association between the 24 h Movement Guidelines and eating habits. Altogether, the results clearly show the beneficial impact of promoting the 24 h guidelines simultaneously, highlighting that the higher the number of respected movement recommendations, the better eating behaviors in both children and adults. Importantly, our results point out the importance of emphasizing the need to reach sedentary guidelines for better eating habits. Movement and dietary behaviors appear closely related, and giving recommendations on one might impact the other. Combining the 24 h Movement with dietary Guidelines might be more efficient than promoting them separately in public health strategies.