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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Miao S, Wei Y, Chen J, Wei X. Extraction methods, physiological activities and high value applications of tea residue and its active components: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12150-12168. [PMID: 35833478 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2099343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tea is a traditional plant beverage originating from China as one of the most popular beverages worldwide, which has been an important companion in modern society. Nevertheless, as the waste after tea processing, tea residues from agriculture, industry and kitchen waste are discarded in large quantities, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of tea residue resources has attracted people's attention. The bioactive components remaining in tea residues demonstrate a variety of health benefits and can be recycled using advanced extraction processes. Furthermore, researchers have been devoted to converting tea residues into derivatives such as biosorbents, agricultural compost, and animal feeds through thermochemical techniques and biotechnology. This review summarized the chemical composition and physiological activities of bioactive components from tea residue. The extraction methods of bioactive components in tea residue were elucidated and the main high-value applications of tea residues were proposed. On this basis, the utilization of tea residues can be developed from a single way to a multi-channel or cascade way to improve its economic efficiency. Novel applications of tea residues in different fields, including food development, environmental remediation, energy production and composite materials, are of far-reaching significance. This review aims to provide new insights into developing the utilization of tea residue using a comprehensive strategy and exploring the mechanism of active components from tea residue on human health and their potential applications in different areas.HighlightsThe composition and function of tea residue active components were introduced.The extraction methods of active components from tea residue were proposed.The main high-value applications of tea residues were summarized.The current limitations and future directions of tea residue utilization were concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Miao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiwang Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Liu M, Wang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Li J, Ge G, Jia Y, Du S. Effects of different forage proportions in fermented total mixed ration on muscle fatty acid profile and rumen microbiota in lambs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197059. [PMID: 37520349 PMCID: PMC10374311 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different forage proportions in the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on growth performance, muscle fatty acid profile, and rumen microbiota of lambs. Methods Thirty 6-month-old small tail Han sheep × Ujumqin lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 27.8 ± 0.90 kg were selected for the test and divided into two groups of 15 sheep in each treatment (three pens per treatment and five lambs per pen) according to the principle of homogeneity. Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated according to the NRC. The diet treatments were designed as (1) OH treatment containing 25% alfalfa hay and 35% oat hay, and (2) AH treatment containing 35% alfalfa hay with 25% oat hay. The forage-to-concentrate ratio for both diets was 65: 35 (DM basis). Three replicates were randomly selected from each treatment to determine growth performance, fatty acid profile and rumen bacterial communities in lambs. Results Results revealed no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences in dry matter intake and average daily gain between the two diet groups. Cholesterol and intramuscular fat were significantly (p > 0.05) higher in the AH group, while no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in pH24 value. The muscle fatty acid compositions of lambs were obviously (p < 0.05) influenced by the diet treatments. Compared with the OH group, the C16:1, C17:0, and C20:3n6 contents were higher (p < 0.05) in the AH group, whereas the content of C18:1n9c, C20:1, C18:3n3, and C22:6n3 was obviously (p < 0.05) increased in the OH group. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were significantly higher in the OH group, whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents among the two diet treatments. Bacterial composition was generally separated into two clusters based on principal coordinate analysis, and the OH group had a higher Shannon index. The relative abundance at the genes level of the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was obviously (p < 0.05) increased in the AH group and the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Fibrobacter, and Bacteroidales_UCG_001_unclassified were obviously (p < 0.05) enriched in the OH group. Integrated correlation analysis also underscored a possible link between the muscle fatty acid compositions and significantly altered rumen microbiota. Conclusion Overall, oat-based roughage in FTMR could promote a beneficial lipid pattern in the Longissimus lumborum muscles of lambs. These findings provide a potential insight into diet effects on fatty acid profile and the rumen microbiome of lambs, which may help make decisions regarding feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Pena-Bermudez YA, Vincenzi R, Meo-Filho P, Sakamoto LS, Lobo R, Benetel G, Lobo A, Matos C, Benetel V, Lima CG, Berndt A, Cardenas LM, Bueno ICS. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2997. [PMID: 36359122 PMCID: PMC9658154 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH4), and total apparent digestibility (p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3-N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased (p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid (p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli A. Pena-Bermudez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vincenzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | | | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Matos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa–Southeast Livestock, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Cardenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Huang Y, Qiu C, Wang Y, Zhang W, He L. Effect of tea polyphenols on the fermentation quality, protein preservation, antioxidant capacity and bacterial community of stylo silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993750. [PMID: 36160248 PMCID: PMC9493319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the improvement potential of tea polyphenols (TPP) on silage characteristics and bacterial community. Stylo ensiled with TPP (0, 0.2 or 0.4%, on a fresh basis) were analyzed for fermentation parameter, protein fraction, antioxidant activity and bacterial community after 7, 14, 30 and 60 days fermentation. The addition of TPP resulted in the decrease (P < 0.05) of pH values (5.09 vs. 4.91), dry matter loss (11.77 vs. 8.02% DM), butyric acid concentration (1.64 vs. 1.02% DM) and ammonia-N proportion (13.69 vs. 8.98% CP, on Day 30) of stylo silage as well as the increase (P < 0.01) of lactic acid bacteria population (6.17 vs. 7.54 cfu/g FM) and true protein content (6.03 vs. 7.44% DM), particularly at the first 30 days of ensiling. It somewhat enhanced the antioxidant capacity of style silage at the early stage, and altered the bacterial community of stylo silage, with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Lachnoclostridium_5 much decreased but Enterobacter and Clostridium still being the dominant genera. It is suggested that TPP could help improve fermentation quality and nutrient preservation of stylo silage, and delay proteolysis process and antioxidant decay.
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Mixed Fermentation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis Changed the Chemical Composition, Bacterial Community, and Rumen Degradation Rate of Tea Residue. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea residue, as a byproduct in tea processing, is highly nutritious and can be used as a good raw material for ruminant feed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) mixed fermentation of tea residue mixture (tea residue:wheat bran, 7:3) on chemical composition, bacterial community, and rumen degradation rate. Changes in chemical composition and bacterial community were evaluated after 0 (F0), 1 (F1), 3 (F3), and 5 (F5) days of fermentation. The rumen degradation rate was studied by the in situ nylon bag method. Compared with group F0, acid soluble protein in other groups increased while pH and neutral detergent fiber decreased (p < 0.05). The group F5 was the best. The diversity of bacterial communities in group F0 was significantly lower than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and the genus Lactobacillus increased with increasing fermentation time. The rumen degradation rates of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were increased after fermentation. In conclusion, mixed fermentation of tea residue by L. plantarum and B. licheniformis can ameliorate chemical composition, reduce bacterial community diversity, and improve the rumen degradation rate.
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Sen E, Uguzdogan E. Brewed black tea waste (Camellia sinensis L.) as alternative pectin source. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chowdhury MR, Chanda S, Shipa A, Saiyara T, Chowdhury ZJ, Khan MMH. Effect of heat-treated green tea waste feeding on fermentation kinetics, in vitro degradability, in vivo apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood metabolites in Black Bengal goat. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13704. [PMID: 35297134 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to examine the effect of heat treatment of green tea waste (GTW) on rumen degradability, apparent digestibility, and plasma metabolites in Black Bengal goat based on in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro incubation was performed with autoclaved, oven, and freeze-dried GTW, whereas animal study was conducted using 12 Black-Bengal goats in a 3 × 3 Latin-square design. Goats were fed a total-mixed-ration without (control) or with the partial replacement of soybean meal and barley with 50 g/kg dry matter (DM) of either oven-dried or autoclaved GTW. Heat treatments reduced ether extract and tannins concentration but increased the effective DM and crude protein (CP) degradability of GTW. The highest values of in vitro volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and cumulative gas production were observed for oven-dried GTW among the tested GTW. Dietary treatment did not alter the DM intake, but apparent CP digestibility and retained nitrogen (N) were increased in goats fed control or oven-dried GTW incorporated diets. Feeding autoclaved GTW diet increased the urinary and fecal N excretion in goats. In contrast, plasma glucose concentration was highest in goats fed control or oven-dried GTW diet. In conclusion, oven drying could be a practical approach to increase protein digestibility and retained N in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuvashish Chanda
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Shipa
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfia Saiyara
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Negi T, Kumar Y, Sirohi R, Singh S, Tarafdar A, Pareek S, Kumar Awasthi M, Alok Sagar N. Advances in bioconversion of spent tea leaves to value-added products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126409. [PMID: 34838972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spent tea leaves (STL) are generated after the extraction of liquor from processed tea leaves and are regarded as an underutilized waste. STL are rich in essential amino acids, ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids, alkaloids (theobromine and caffeine), polyphenols (catechin, theaflavins and rutin) and minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Mn) that could be utilized for the production of industrially important products. Vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, silage preparation and fermentation are currently used as low cost methods for the bioconversion of STL to a usable form. Structural, morphological and chemical modification of STL after suitable bioconversion enables its application in the development of biopolymers, biofuels, catechin derivatives, biochar, absorbents for dye, and for removal of Cd, Hg, Cr(IV), As(V) and aspirin. This review discusses the composition, characterization, bioconversion and value added product generation from STL while highlighting prospective applications of STL in developing battery electrodes, nanocatalysts, insulation materials and edible bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, 148 106, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India; Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Cui Y, Li J, Deng D, Lu H, Tian Z, Liu Z, Ma X. Solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii improves the quality of tea dregs for use as feed additives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260045. [PMID: 34767609 PMCID: PMC8589212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii to improve the quality of tea dregs (TDs) through solid-state fermentation as well as the value of the fermented tea dregs (FTDs) produced for use as bio-feed additives. After fermentation, FTDs differed in color and structure. Fermentation with A. niger and T. koningii increased the contents of crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of TDs. Compared to the unfermented group, the contents of reducing sugar, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and theasaponins were increased in A. niger FTDs, while in T. koningii FTDs caffeine was completely degraded, the theasaponins were lower, and the contents of reducing sugar and caffeine higher. Regarding free amino acids, A. niger FTDs had the highest content of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, total non-essential amino acids, total aromatic amino acids, total branched-chain amino acids, and total non-protein amino acids, and all types of essential amino acids, followed by T. koningii FTDs and the control TDs. Fungal fermentation had similar effects on the content of various hydrolytic amino acids as those on above free amino acids, and increased the content of bitter and umami components. The composition of essential amino acids of TDs or FTDs was similar to that of the standard model, except for sulfur-containing amino acids and isoleucine. Solid-state fermentation with A. niger and T. koningii effectively improved the nutritional value of TDs, increased the contents of functional substances, and improved the flavor of TDs. This study demonstrated a feasible approach to utilize TDs that not only increases animal feed resources, but also reduces the production of resource waste and pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- * E-mail:
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Guo S, Kumar Awasthi M, Wang Y, Xu P. Current understanding in conversion and application of tea waste biomass: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125530. [PMID: 34271498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing consumption of tea and its extracts, the amount of tea waste grows rapidly, which not only results in huge biomass loss, but also increases environmental stress. In past years, interest has been attracted on utilization of tea waste biomass, and a lot of work has been carried out. This review summarized the progress in conversion of tea waste by thermo-chemical and biological technologies and analyzed the property of the derived products and their performance in applications. It was found that biochar derived from tea waste had relatively large surface area, porous structures, and abundant functional groups, and could be used as bio-adsorbents and catalysts and electrochemical energy storage, while the cost of its largescale production should be evaluated. Profoundly, biological conversion, including ensiling and composting, was suggested to be an effective way to develop the tea waste biomass in practice due to its low-cost and specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Sun K, Liu H, Fan H, Liu T, Zheng C. Research progress on the application of feed additives in ruminal methane emission reduction: a review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11151. [PMID: 33850664 PMCID: PMC8019312 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminal methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants not only pollute the environment and exacerbate the greenhouse effect, but also cause animal energy losses and low production efficiency. Consequently, it is necessary to find ways of reducing methane emissions in ruminants. Studies have reported that feed additives such as nitrogen-containing compounds, probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts significantly reduce ruminant methane; however, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. The present article summarizes research over the past five years on the effects of nitrogen-containing compounds, probiotics, probiotics, and plant extracts on methane emissions in ruminants. The paper could provide theoretical support and guide future research in animal production and global warming mitigation. METHODS This review uses the Web of Science database to search keywords related to ruminants and methane reduction in the past five years, and uses Sci-Hub, PubMed, etc. as auxiliary searchers. Read, filter, list, and summarize all the retrieved documents, and finally complete this article. RESULTS Most of the extracts can not only significantly reduce CH4 greenhouse gas emissions, but they will not cause negative effects on animal and human health either. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanisms of CH4 production in ruminants and the application and effects of N-containing compounds, probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts on CH4 emission reduction in ruminants based on published studies over the past 5 years. CONCLUSION Our review provides a theoretical basis for future research and the application of feed additives in ruminant CH4 emission reduction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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