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Pena-Bermudez YA, Vincenzi R, Meo-Filho P, Sakamoto LS, Lobo R, Benetel G, Lobo A, Matos C, Benetel V, Lima CG, Berndt A, Cardenas LM, Bueno ICS. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2997. [PMID: 36359122 PMCID: PMC9658154 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH4), and total apparent digestibility (p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3-N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased (p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid (p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli A. Pena-Bermudez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vincenzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | | | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Matos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa–Southeast Livestock, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Cardenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Campos FP, Nussio LG, Sarmento P, Daniel JLP, Lima CG. Effects of addition of different sources and doses of sugars on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and cell wall monosaccharides of corn silage in ruminants. Animal 2020; 14:1667-1675. [PMID: 32156319 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminant diets, soluble sugar is an important factor in the digestive process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the source and dose of soluble sugars, under controlled pH conditions, on the in vitro digestibility of DM, fibre fractions (NDF and ADF) and cell wall neutral monosaccharides of corn silage. Silage was collected from several points in a silage mass from a bunker silo, oven-dried at 55°C and ground through a 1-mm screen. Sub-samples were combined with sugars to compose the treatments, in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, as a combination of five soluble sugar sources (glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose and sucrose) and five sugar doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg sugar in DM corn silage), respecting the following proportions of sugar : corn silage, 0 : 100, 10 : 90, 20 : 80, 30 : 70, 40 : 60 represented by the sugar doses, respectively. An in vitro test was performed to determine the true digestibility (D) of the chemical entities (DM, NDF and ADF) and cell wall monosaccharides (glucose = gluc, arabinose = arab and xylose = xyl). During the first 12 h of incubation, the pH was maintained above 6.0 by the addition of 2.5 N NaOH. The concentrations of neutral monosaccharides (arabinose, xylose and glucose) were determined by GLC. The soluble sugars decreased the digestibility of corn silage followed by pH reduction, especially at doses higher than 200 g/kg sugar. Overall, xylose, followed by sucrose, fructose and arabinose, had greater impacts on DM digestibility, whereas fibre digestibility was impaired by sucrose at all doses. Xylose and fructose had greater impacts on NDF digestibility at 300 and 400 g/kg sugar. Although xylose impaired the Dgluc in the cell wall in all doses. All doses of glucose improved the Dgluc and Dxyl in the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Campos
- Instituto de Zootecnia/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio/ Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP13380.011, Brazil
| | - L G Nussio
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP13418.900, Brazil
| | - P Sarmento
- Instituto de Zootecnia/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio/ Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP13380.011, Brazil
| | - J L P Daniel
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Bloco J45, Zona 7, Maringá, PR87020.900, Brazil
| | - C G Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Avenida Duque de Caxias 225, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga, SP13635.900, Brazil
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Gonzalez-Esquerra R, Araujo RB, Haese D, Kill JL, Cunha AF, Monzani PS, Lima CG. Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4242-4247. [PMID: 31581297 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Haese
- Centro de Tecnologia Animal Ltda, Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Joao L Kill
- Centro de Tecnologia Animal Ltda, Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cesar G Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Bedoya-Serna CM, Michelin EC, Massocco MM, Carrion LCS, Godoy SHS, Lima CG, Ceccarelli PS, Yasui GS, Rottinghaus GE, Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Correction: Effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 on accumulation and performance in matrinxã fish (Brycon cephalus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216194. [PMID: 31017979 PMCID: PMC6481858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bedoya-Serna CM, Michelin EC, Massocco MM, Carrion LCS, Godoy SHS, Lima CG, Ceccarelli PS, Yasui GS, Rottinghaus GE, Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 on accumulation and performance in matrinxã fish (Brycon cephalus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201812. [PMID: 30089140 PMCID: PMC6082536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AF) can be cumulative in fish tissues and can influence weight, length, feed intake and survival depending on the species. The aim of this work is to measure performance and aflatoxin levels in tissues of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) fish chronically exposed to aflatoxin. Aflatoxin was incorporated into fish diets at the following levels: Control Feed + 0 μg AFB1 kg-1; A. Feed + 10 μg AFB1 kg-1; B. Feed + 20 μg AFB1 kg-1; C. Feed + 50 μg AFB1 kg-1. It was used one tank per treatment, each one with 150 juvenile fish, and three replicates within each tank were used for sampling, that was carried out monthly over a period of six months. Aflatoxin was quantified by HPLC in fish liver and muscle after clean up using immunoaffinity columns. Performance was evaluated by using weight, length, consumption and survival rate. Muscle and liver aflatoxin levels were below the limit of detection in all control samples. Aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2 were not detected in any tissues. Traces (values between limits of detection and quantification) of AFB1 were observed in liver tissue in treatment A from day 30 through 90, reaching 0.32 μg AFB1 kg-1 at 150 days of exposure. Treatment B presented traces up to day 60 and had, with a maximum level of 0.39 μg AFB1 kg-1 at 150 days of exposure. Treatment C had aflatoxin residues after day 30, with values ranging from 0.17 to 0.61 μg AFB1 kg-1 during exposure. Muscle samples only had traces of AFB1 in all treatments. Fish was affected by exposure to AFB1 with higher values (P<0.05) for weight and length in treatments A, B and C relative to controls. Therefore, results indicate that matrinxã do not accumulate AFB1 residues in edible tissues, but chronic exposure affects the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M. Bedoya-Serna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Euder C. Michelin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina M. Massocco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas C. S. Carrion
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia H. S. Godoy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Lima
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Ceccarelli
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation - ICMBio, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George S. Yasui
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation - ICMBio, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George E. Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ricardo L. M. Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrezza M. Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baldin JC, Munekata PE, Michelin EC, Polizer YJ, Silva PM, Canan TM, Pires MA, Godoy SH, Fávaro-Trindade CS, Lima CG, Fernandes AM, Trindade MA. Effect of microencapsulated Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) extract on quality and storage stability of mortadella sausage. Food Res Int 2018; 108:551-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Paulo PD, Lima CG, Dominiquini AB, Fadini MAM, Mendes SM, Marinho CGS. Maize plants produce direct resistance elicited by Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:13-17. [PMID: 28658392 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.19915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can be attacked by a wide variety of herbivores. Thus, developing protective mechanisms for resistance against these agents is an advantage for survival and reproduction. Over the course of evolution, many resistance mechanisms against herbivory have been developed by the plants. Induced direct and indirect resistance mechanisms can manifest in plants after herbivore attack. The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is not a pest of maize crops (Zea mays), despite being reported infesting plants that may have resistances against this herbivore. We tested the hypothesis that maize plants would be able to induce direct resistance against T. urticae after, evaluating the effect of T. urticae infestation in maize plants on the development and reproduction of conspecifics. We tested induced direct resistance performing infestation and measuring biological parameters upon a second infestation. Maize plants, 40 days after sowing, were divided into two groups: 30 not infested by T. urticae (clean plants clean) and, 30 infested by the spider mite. Infestation of maize plants by T. urticae reduced the conspecific female adult survival. However, no change in the survival of immature or reproduction was observed. These results suggest the induction of induced direct resistances in maize by T. urticae. This is first report of direct resistance induction in Z. mays by the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Paulo
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - C G Lima
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - A B Dominiquini
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - M A M Fadini
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - S M Mendes
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - C G S Marinho
- Department of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
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Michelin EC, Massocco MM, Godoy SHS, Baldin JC, Yasui GS, Lima CG, Rottinghaus GE, Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Carryover of aflatoxins from feed to lambari fish (Astyanax altiparanae) tissues. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:265-272. [PMID: 27967601 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1266097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the carryover of aflatoxin B1 from feed to lambari fish. Aflatoxins (AF) were incorporated into feed, checking the levels by HPLC. Treatments were: Control, feed without toxin; A, feed + 10 µg AFB1 kg-1; B, feed + 20 µg AFB1 kg-1; and C, feed + 50 µg AFB1 kg-1. Juveniles of lambari fish were placed in 12 aquariums at a density of 50 fish/m2. Fish were fed twice a day with extruded feed, at 5% of animal biomass. The unit sample was constituted by a pool of 10 fish. AFs B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 were quantified by HPLC in fish muscle and liver after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of experiment. There was accumulation of AFs is fish liver and muscle, mainly after 90 days. Fish from treatment C had higher levels of AFB1 in muscle when compared with the others, and AFB1 in muscle at 120 days was similar to the levels in feed. Therefore, when lambari fish is exposed on a daily and long-term basis to AFs in feed, the regulation limits for AFs in animal feed do not guarantee safety for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Michelin
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - M M Massocco
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - S H S Godoy
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - J C Baldin
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - G S Yasui
- b Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology , Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation - ICMBio , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - C G Lima
- c Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - G E Rottinghaus
- d Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - R L M Sousa
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
| | - A M Fernandes
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering , University of Sao Paulo - USP , Pirassununga , Brazil
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Fregonesi RP, Portes RG, Aguiar AMM, Figueira LC, Gonçalves CB, Arthur V, Lima CG, Fernandes AM, Trindade MA. Irradiated vacuum-packed lamb meat stored under refrigeration: microbiology, physicochemical stability and sensory acceptance. Meat Sci 2014; 97:151-5. [PMID: 24583322 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reducing spoilage and indicator bacteria is important for microbiological stability in meat and meat products. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on the shelf-life of lamb meat, vacuum-packed and stored under refrigeration, by assessing the microbiological safety, physicochemical stability and sensory quality. Lamb loin cuts (Longissimus dorsi) were irradiated with 1.5kGy and 3.0kGy. The samples, including control, were stored at 1±1°C during 56days. Samples were analyzed on zero, 14, 28, 42 and 56days by their microbiological and physicochemical characteristics. Sensory quality was carried out on day zero. The results showed a reduction (p<0.05) in the microbial load of the irradiated samples. The acceptance of lamb loins was not affected (p>0.05) by the radiation doses. Thus gamma irradiation at 3.0kGy was effective in reducing the content of microorganisms, without harming the physicochemical characteristics evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Fregonesi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil.
| | - R G Portes
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - A M M Aguiar
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L C Figueira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - C B Gonçalves
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - V Arthur
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Superior School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - C G Lima
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - A M Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - M A Trindade
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel method to extract the breast skin-line based on dynamic programming. Skin-line extraction is an important preprocessing step in CAD systems; however, it is a challenging problem due to the presence of noise, underexposed regions, which results in a low contrast area near the skin-air interface, and artifacts such as labels. Our proposal utilizes the stroma edge to constrain searching for the border. In order to cope with noise, we consider several candidate points for the border interface which are obtained by the Laplace operator applied in pre-defined directions in the mammogram. The breast contour is obtained from the candidate points using a dynamic programming algorithm. This utilizes a criterion of optimality to obtain the optimum contour by minimization of a cost function. The method was evaluated using 82 mammograms whose contour were manually extracted by a radiologist from the mini-MIAS database. The Polyline Distance Measure was evaluated for each contour selected with the proposed method, obtaining a mean error of 2.05 pixels and a standard deviation of 0.80.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Silva
- Department of Electronics, University of Minho, Portugal.
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11
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Moro MEG, Tavares FA, Lima CG. Desempenho Produtivo da Perdiz (Rhynchotus rufescens) Submetida a Rações com Diferentes Níveis Energéticos. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2000000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este trabalho teve como objetivo definir o melhor nível energético na ração para perdizes na fase de reprodução, avaliando consumo de ração, produção e peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar. Os tratamentos foram três rações isoprotéicas (15%PB) com níveis de energia de 2650, 2800 e 2950 kcal EM/kg. Foram utilizadas 24 aves em fase de reprodução da espécie Rynchotus rufescens, com 10 meses de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos (níveis de energia) e 4 repetições, com um casal por parcela. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa para consumo, mas houve efeito significativo positivo do nível de energia sobre o peso médio e a produção dos ovos. A conversão alimentar para os níveis de 2650 e 2800 kcal EM/kg de ração foi melhor em relação ao nível de 2950 kcal EM/ kg de ração. Concluiu-se que os níveis energéticos de 2650 a 2800 kcal EM/kg de ração seriam os recomendáveis para perdizes na fase reprodutiva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - CG Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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