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Fonseca PAS, Suárez-Vega A, Arranz JJ, Gutiérrez-Gil B. Integration of selective sweeps across the sheep genome: understanding the relationship between production and adaptation traits. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:40. [PMID: 38773423 PMCID: PMC11106937 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock populations are under constant selective pressure for higher productivity levels for different selective purposes. This pressure results in the selection of animals with unique adaptive and production traits. The study of genomic regions associated with these unique characteristics has the potential to improve biological knowledge regarding the adaptive process and how it is connected to production levels and resilience, which is the ability of an animal to adapt to stress or an imbalance in homeostasis. Sheep is a species that has been subjected to several natural and artificial selective pressures during its history, resulting in a highly specialized species for production and adaptation to challenging environments. Here, the data from multiple studies that aim at mapping selective sweeps across the sheep genome associated with production and adaptation traits were integrated to identify confirmed selective sweeps (CSS). RESULTS In total, 37 studies were used to identify 518 CSS across the sheep genome, which were classified as production (147 prodCSS) and adaptation (219 adapCSS) CSS based on the frequency of each type of associated study. The genes within the CSS were associated with relevant biological processes for adaptation and production. For example, for adapCSS, the associated genes were related to the control of seasonality, circadian rhythm, and thermoregulation. On the other hand, genes associated with prodCSS were related to the control of feeding behaviour, reproduction, and cellular differentiation. In addition, genes harbouring both prodCSS and adapCSS showed an interesting association with lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential role of this process in the regulation of pleiotropic effects between these classes of traits. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic link between productivity and adaptability in sheep breeds. This information may provide insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie undesirable genetic correlations between these two groups of traits and pave the way for a better understanding of resilience as a positive ability to respond to environmental stressors, where the negative effects on production level are minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A S Fonseca
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Juan J Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain.
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El-Sayed AA, Sallam AM, Abou-Soliman I. Metabolic profile and gene expression pattern of cytokines and antioxidants markers during different physiological stages in Barki ewes. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:206. [PMID: 38760770 PMCID: PMC11100279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In livestock, identifying the physiological and reproductive stages is valuable in guiding management decisions related to nutrition, veterinary procedures, and breeding programs. To achieve this goal, a cohort of Barki ewes in this research underwent observation across three pivotal physiological conditions: pre-pregnancy, late pregnancy, and early lactation. Blood samples were collected to investigate the changes in serum metabolic profile as well as gene expression pattern of cytokines and antioxidants markers during these stages. RESULTS Our results showed that during late pregnancy, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in red blood cells (11.9 ± 0.5 1012/L), hemoglobin (10.8 ± 0.4 g/dl) and neutrophils count (7 ± 0.1 109/L) with significant decrease (P < 0.05) of total white blood cell count (9.1 ± 0.05 109/L). The packed cell volume (%) and monocyte count showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease during both late pregnancy and early lactation stages. The serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, GSH, GPx, SOD and catalase displayed significant (P < 0.05) decrease during late pregnancy and early-lactation. Notably, during late pregnancy, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the serum concentrations of albumin, globulin, urea, IGF-1, and malondialdehyde with significant decrease (P < 0.05) of total protein (4.9 ± 0.08 g/dl). Additionally, during early lactation, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxin (T4). The gene expression profiles of cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and NFKB) were decreased in the ewes during late pregnancy compared to pre-pregnant and early lactation stages. In addition, the expression profile of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, GPX, and Nrf2) was significantly upsurged in the non-pregnant ewes compared to late pregnancy and early lactation ones. CONCLUSIONS The results concluded that different physiological status significantly affects the blood metabolic profile and gene expression pattern in Barki sheep. Our findings can be helpful in monitoring animal health and applying in breeding programs of Barki sheep under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Mataryia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sallam
- Department of Animal and Poultry Breeding, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Mataryia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abou-Soliman
- Department of Animal and Poultry Breeding, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Mataryia, Cairo, Egypt.
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Smith EG, Walkom SF, Clark SA. Exploring genetic variation in potential indicators of resilience in sheep using fibre diameter measured along the wool staple. Animal 2024; 18:101065. [PMID: 38237476 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Production animals are increasingly exposed to a wide variety of disturbances that can compromise their productivity, health and well-being. As a result, there is a growing need to be able to select animals that are more resilient to environmental disturbances. Fibre diameter variation measured along a wool staple is expected to contain information about how resilient sheep are to the disturbances of their internal and external environment. This study aimed to develop potential resilience indicators from fibre diameter variation, estimate their genetic parameters and assess whether these traits are genetically correlated across three age stages. The study used 6 140 Merino sheep from the Sheep Cooperative Research Centre Information Nucleus Flocks recorded at yearling, 2 years old, and adult ages. Eight potential traits were defined based on theory, literature and exploratory analysis, which were suggested to capture the animal's ability to resist, respond and recover from potential disturbances. Genetic evaluation of the traits was conducted using pedigree-based animal models. The traits were shown to be low to moderately heritable (0.01-0.33) when examined at each of the three age stages. The potential indicators were generally well correlated with one another within age stages. Further, the genetic correlation between the same trait measured at different age stages was moderate to high between yearling and 2 years old (0.35-0.94) and between 2 years old and adults (0.18-0.70), while slightly lower between yearling and adult estimates (0.09-0.62). These results suggest that selection for resilience indicators from fibre diameter is possible; however, further studies are warranted to refine the trait definitions and validate these indicators against other measures of health, fitness and productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Smith
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - S F Walkom
- Animal Genetics Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - S A Clark
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
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Zeng L, Li A, Qu K, Zhang J, Huang B, Lei C. TRPM4 gene variation associated with climatic conditions in Chinese cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3256-3260. [PMID: 35994677 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily has been reported to play an important role in heat tolerance pathways. Based on the Bovine Genome Variation Database and Selective Signatures, a missense mutation (NC_037345.1: c.2237A > G: p. His746Arg) (rs209689836) was identified in the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) gene, a member of the TRP family, corresponding to heat tolerance. Here, we explored the prevalence of this variant in 19 native Chinese cattle (comprised of 404 individuals) to determine its possible association with heat tolerance in Chinese cattle by using PCR and DNA sequencing. The distribution of alleles of NC_037345.1: c.2237A > G: p. His746Arg displays significant geographical differences across native Chinese cattle breeds, consistent with the distribution of indicine and taurine cattle in China. Additionally, the association analysis indicated that the G allele was significantly associated with mean annual temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and temperature humidity index (THI) (p < .05), suggesting that cattle carrying allele G were distributed in regions with higher T, RH, and THI. In conclusion, our results suggested that the mutation of the TRPM4 gene in Chinese cattle might be a candidate locus associated with heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLan Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - AiXin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Nel CL, van der Werf JHJ, Rauw WM, Cloete SWP. Challenges and strategies for genetic selection of sheep better adapted to harsh environments. Anim Front 2023; 13:43-52. [PMID: 37841765 PMCID: PMC10575306 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius L Nel
- Directorate: Animal Sciences, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg 7607South Africa
| | | | - Wendy M Rauw
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Schalk W P Cloete
- Department of Animal Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Tadesse D, Patra AK, Puchala R, Hussein A, Goetsch AL. Differentiation of Hair Sheep Breeds Based on the Physiological and Blood Biochemical Changes in Response to Different Stressors Using Multivariate Analysis Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2643. [PMID: 37627434 PMCID: PMC10451155 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and blood measurement changes due to high heat load, restricted feed intake, and limited drinking water availability in 135 animals of three hair sheep breeds (Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix) were subjected to multivariate analysis techniques. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the ability of these variables to separate individual hair sheep into groups based on adaptation characteristics in response to three physiological stressors and identify variables with greater discriminatory power. There were 16, 8, and 13 physiological and blood variables obtained from high heat load, restricted feed consumption, and water intake studies, respectively, for multivariate analysis. Physiological variables such as respiration rate, rectal and skin temperature, and panting score were measured only in the heat stress study. The results of the cluster and canonical discriminant analyses showed the presence of wide divergence (p < 0.05) between St. Croix and other breeds in their responses to high heat loads and restricted-feed- and -water-intake conditions. Dorper and Katahdin were grouped (p > 0.05) together based on the changes in physiological variables, which were separated (p < 0.05) from those of St. Croix as a resilient group. The stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that skin temperature, panting score, rectal temperature, respiration rate, and blood urea nitrogen and oxygen concentrations were the significant (p < 0.05) discriminating variables in clustering individual sheep into groups based on their responses to the high-heat-stress condition. Under the limited feed intake condition, the significant (p < 0.05) traits responsible for the separation of St. Croix from Dorper and Katahdin were blood triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, whereas blood hemoglobin, osmolality, protein, and albumin were most important discriminating variables under the limited water intake condition. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the stress responses of Dorper and Katahdin are similar and different from that of St. Croix. This finding can be useful information for future decisions in developing climate-resilient sheep through selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tadesse
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; (D.T.); (R.P.); (A.H.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan P.O. Box 445, Ethiopia
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; (D.T.); (R.P.); (A.H.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; (D.T.); (R.P.); (A.H.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Ali Hussein
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; (D.T.); (R.P.); (A.H.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Arthur Louis Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; (D.T.); (R.P.); (A.H.); (A.L.G.)
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Mascarenhas NMH, Furtado DA, Fonsêca VDFC, de Souza BB, de Oliveira AG, Leal Morais FT, Silva RDS, Silva MRD, Batista LF, Dornelas KC, Bezerra CVDC, Costa Silva JAPD. Thermal stress index for native sheep. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103607. [PMID: 37352597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The first objective of this study was to develop a thermal stress index for sheep based on environmental and animal data collected in a climate chamber under various environmental conditions. The second objective was to compare published indices of thermal comfort and the proposed index, testing them with the data from this study, with the objective of pointing out the most adequate index to be used by breeders when choosing management procedures. A total of 3024 data were obtained for the physiological variables of the sheep exposed to the eight thermal conditions in the climatic chamber and in ambient condition, kept three days in each thermal condition. A principal component analysis summarized the measurements of physiological variables into only one variable (y1). Using SigmaPlot software, multiple regression of y1 with the environmental variables and their combinations produced a number of indices. The equation chosen was the heat stress index for sheep, TSI = 24.153 - (0.0523*AT) + (0.746*BGT) + (4.104*Vp), with R2 = 0.668. The correlations presented high values, where these correlation values were assumed to indicate the efficiency of each index as indicators of the animals' response to the environment. Thus, it was assumed that the TSI presents a high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nágela Maria Henrique Mascarenhas
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil.
| | - Dermeval Araújo Furtado
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil
| | | | - Bonifácio Benício de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Airton Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Teresinha Leal Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Sousa Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Maycon Rodrigues da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Luanna Figueiredo Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Karoline Carvalho Dornelas
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil; Federal University of the Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenue Alexandre Ferronato, 1200 - Res. Cidade Jardim, Sinop, MT, 78550-728, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vailan de Castro Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Pires da Costa Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
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8
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Henrique Mascarenhas NM, Furtado DA, Benício de Souza B, Brilhante de Sousa O, Lima da Costa AN, Feitosa JV, Rodrigues da Silva M, Batista LF, Dornelas KC. Morphology of coat and skin of small ruminants reared in the Brazilian semi-arid region. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103418. [PMID: 36796883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the coat and integument of small ruminants reared in semi-arid regions have valuable characteristics that favor their adaptation to the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural characteristics of the coat and integument and sweating capacity of goats and sheep in the Brazilian semi-arid region, using 20 animals, 10 of each breed, 5 males and 5 females of each species, grouped in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (2 species and 2 genders) with 5 replicates. The animals were already being kept under the influence of high temperatures and levels of direct solar radiation before the day of the collections. At the time of the evaluations, ambient temperature was high, with low relative humidity. The pattern of epidermal thickness and sweat glands per body region was superior in sheep (P < 0.05), and the number of hair follicles and sweat rate were similar (P > 0.05) between the species. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the evaluated characteristics between the genders, showing that they are not influenced by hormones. The morphology of the coat and skin of these animals showed a superiority of goats compared to sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nágela Maria Henrique Mascarenhas
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Road Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil.
| | - Dermeval Araújo Furtado
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Road Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Bonifácio Benício de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Otávio Brilhante de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Antonio Nelson Lima da Costa
- Federal University of the Cariri (UFCA), Road Vereador Sebastião Maciel Lopes, s/n, São José, Crato, CE, 63133-610, Brazil
| | - José Valmir Feitosa
- Federal University of the Cariri (UFCA), Road Vereador Sebastião Maciel Lopes, s/n, São José, Crato, CE, 63133-610, Brazil
| | - Maycon Rodrigues da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Luanna Figueiredo Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenue Universitária, s/n - Santa Cecilia, Patos, PB, 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Karoline Carvalho Dornelas
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Road Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil; Federal University of the Mato Grosso (UFMT), Avenue Alexandre Ferronato, 1200 - Res. Cidade Jardim, Sinop, MT, 78550-728, Brazil
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Abioja M, Logunleko M, Majekodunmi B, Adekunle E, Shittu O, Odeyemi A, Nwosu E, Oke O, Iyasere O, Abiona J, Williams T, James I, Smith O, Daramola J. Roles of Candidate Genes in the Adaptation of Goats to Heat Stress: A Review. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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McManus CM, Lucci CM, Maranhão AQ, Pimentel D, Pimentel F, Rezende Paiva S. Response to heat stress for small ruminants: Physiological and genetic aspects. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Ahbara AM, Musa HH, Robert C, Abebe A, Al-Jumaili AS, Kebede A, Latairish S, Agoub MO, Clark E, Hanotte O, Mwacharo JM. Natural adaptation and human selection of northeast African sheep genomes. Genomics 2022; 114:110448. [PMID: 35964803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African sheep manifest diverse but distinct physio-anatomical traits, which are the outcomes of natural- and human-driven selection. Here, we generated 34.8 million variants from 150 indigenous northeast African sheep genomes sequenced at an average depth of ∼54× for 130 samples (Ethiopia, Libya) and ∼20× for 20 samples (Sudan). These represented sheep from diverse environments, tail morphology and post-Neolithic introductions to Africa. Phylogenetic and model-based admixture analysis provided evidence of four genetic groups corresponding to altitudinal geographic origins, tail morphotypes and possible historical introduction and dispersal of the species into and across the continent. Running admixture at higher levels of K (6 ≤ K ≤ 25), revealed cryptic levels of genome intermixing as well as distinct genetic backgrounds in some populations. Comparative genomic analysis identified targets of selection that spanned conserved haplotype structures overlapping clusters of genes and gene families. These were related to hypoxia responses, ear morphology, caudal vertebrae and tail skeleton length, and tail fat-depot structures. Our findings provide novel insights underpinning morphological variation and response to human-driven selection and environmental adaptation in African indigenous sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abulgasim M Ahbara
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK; Small Ruminant Genomics, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; LiveGene, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animal and Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, The Roslin Institute Building, Midlothian, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Hassan H Musa
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Christelle Robert
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ayele Abebe
- Debre Berhan Research Centre, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed S Al-Jumaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Adebabay Kebede
- LiveGene-CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Suliman Latairish
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
| | | | - Emily Clark
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK; LiveGene-CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Joram M Mwacharo
- Small Ruminant Genomics, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animal and Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, The Roslin Institute Building, Midlothian, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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13
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Zhang H, Yang G, Li H, Wang L, Fu T, Li G, Gao T. Effects of dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid on apparent digestibility and serum metabolome alterations of sheep in summer. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:505. [PMID: 34622337 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on the nutrition metabolism of sheep (36.72 ± 1.44 kg) in the summer, twenty-one sheep were randomly assigned to three treatments addressing LA supplementation: 0.00 (CTL), 600 (LA-L), and 900 (LA-H) mg/kg of dry matter (DM) per day for each sheep. Whole feces and urine collection methods were used to analyze apparent digestibility; ELISA kits to determine the hormones, antioxidant, and immune parameters in the blood; and serum metabolomics to detect and analyze small molecular substances. The results showed the DM intakes in the LA-L and LA-H groups were significantly increased by 8.22% and 8.02%, respectively, compared to that in the CTL group, and there was no significant effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen digestibility, calcium digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility. Regarding hormones, antioxidant, and immune indicators, the concentrations of triiodothyronine, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, HSP70, and IgA significantly increased after LA supplementation, while adrenaline and malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased. With the pairwise comparison of the three groups, metabolomics analysis identified 22 differential metabolites in the positive/negative modes, respectively, which suggested LA supplementation can significantly affect sheep's lipid, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism. Additionally, 3-indolepropionic acid, cinnamoylglycine, butyric acid, dodecanedioic acid, indoxyl sulfate, and pantothenic acid were the common differential metabolites with higher concentrations after LA supplementation. In summary, dietary supplementation of LA can increase the sheep's DMI, energy digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and immunity. These changes provide evidence to support the use of LA supplementation for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiqing Yang
- Modern Experimental Techniques and Managing Centre, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
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Tian XZ, Li JX, Luo QY, Zhou D, Long QM, Wang X, Lu Q, Wen GL. Effects of Purple Corn Anthocyanin on Blood Biochemical Indexes, Ruminal Fluid Fermentation, and Rumen Microbiota in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:715710. [PMID: 34589534 PMCID: PMC8475905 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.715710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of anthocyanin from purple corn on blood biochemical indexes, ruminal fluid fermentation parameters, and the microbial population in goats. A total of 18 Qianbei Ma wether kids (body weight, 21.38 ± 1.61 kg; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to three groups using a completely randomized design. The group diets were: (1) control, basal diet, (2) treatment 1 (LA), basal diet with 0.5-g/d purple corn pigment (PCP), and (3) treatment 2 (HA), basal diet with 1-g/d PCP. The results showed that supplementation of PCP anthocyanin increased (P < 0.05) crude protein and gross energy digestibilities compared to the control. Compared to the control group, the inclusion of anthocyanin-rich PCP led to significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma reduced glutathione and peroxidase concentrations. Goats receiving PCP had increased (P < 0.05) ruminal fluid acetic acid and a higher ratio of acetate to propionate, while the propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid levels had decreased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in ruminal fluid alpha bacterial diversity among the three groups. At the phylum level, the feeding of PCP had significant effect (P < 0.05) on the abundances of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Elusimicrobiota, WPS-2, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, HA group had lower (P < 0.05) Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group abundance compared to the other groups. In addition, significant differences (P < 0.05) were also observed for the ruminal fluid Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Amnipila, Ruminiclostridium, U29-B03, unclassified_c_Clostridia, Pyramidobacter, Anaeroplasma, UCG-004, Atopobium, norank_f_norank_o_Bradymonadales, Elusimicrobium, norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_norank_p_WPS-2, norank_f_Bacteroidales_UCG-001, and norank_f_norank_o_Gastranaerophilales among all groups. Taken together, the inclusion of anthocyanin-rich PCP increased the antioxidant potential, improved rumen volatile fatty acids, and induced a shift in the structure and relative abundance of ruminal microbiota in growing goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhou Tian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Meng Long
- Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gui-Lan Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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15
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Lagares MDA, Varago FC, Moustacas VS, Gheller VA, Nicolino RR, Borges I, Henry M. Effect of season and frequency of embryo collections on superovulatory response and embryo recovery in Santa Inês hair sheep. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Perini F, Cendron F, Rovelli G, Castellini C, Cassandro M, Lasagna E. Emerging Genetic Tools to Investigate Molecular Pathways Related to Heat Stress in Chickens: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010046. [PMID: 33383690 PMCID: PMC7823582 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New genomic tools have been used as an instrument in order to assess the molecular pathway involved in heat stress resistance. Local chicken breeds have a better attitude to face heat stress. This review aims to summarize studies linked to chickens, heat stress, and heat shock protein. Abstract Chicken products are the most consumed animal-sourced foods at a global level across greatly diverse cultures, traditions, and religions. The consumption of chicken meat has increased rapidly in the past few decades and chicken meat is the main animal protein source in developing countries. Heat stress is one of the environmental factors which decreases the productive performance of poultry and meat quality. Heat stress produces the over-expression of heat shock factors and heat shock proteins in chicken tissues. Heat shock proteins regulate several molecular pathways in cells in response to stress conditions, changing the homeostasis of cells and tissues. These changes can affect the physiology of the tissue and hence the production ability of chickens. Indeed, commercial chicken strains can reach a high production level, but their body metabolism, being comparatively accelerated, has poor thermoregulation. In contrast, native backyard chickens are more adapted to the environments in which they live, with a robustness that allows them to survive and reproduce constantly. In the past few years, new molecular tools have been developed, such as RNA-Seq, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and bioinformatics approaches such as Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Based on these genetic tools, many studies have detected the main pathways involved in cellular response mechanisms. In this context, it is necessary to clarify all the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in heat stress response. Hence, this paper aims to review the ability of the new generation of genetic tools to clarify the molecular pathways associated with heat stress in chickens, offering new perspectives for the use of these findings in the animal breeding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giacomo Rovelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
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17
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Omics Insights into Animal Resilience and Stress Factors. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010047. [PMID: 33383711 PMCID: PMC7824193 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is conceived as a dynamic developmental process involving the achievement of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Resilience is not a unique ability but rather a set of capacities of a system put in place to absorb a disturbance and to reorganize while trying to retain the same function, structure, and identity. This review describes the characteristics and the molecular mechanisms of resilience to understand the core elements of resilience and its indicators. The objectives of this review are: (1) to define some of the leading environmental stressors and clarify the mechanism of vulnerability or resilience outcomes; (2) to clarify some of the prominent epigenetic modulations mediating resilience or vulnerability as a stress response; (3) to highlight the neural mechanisms related to stress resilience since the central nervous system is a highly dynamic structure characterized by an everlasting plasticity feature, which therefore has the opportunity to modify resilience. The review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of resilience seen as an ability acquired in life and not only inherited from birth.
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18
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Fuentes S, Gonzalez Viejo C, Chauhan SS, Joy A, Tongson E, Dunshea FR. Non-Invasive Sheep Biometrics Obtained by Computer Vision Algorithms and Machine Learning Modeling Using Integrated Visible/Infrared Thermal Cameras. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6334. [PMID: 33171995 PMCID: PMC7664231 DOI: 10.3390/s20216334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Live sheep export has become a public concern. This study aimed to test a non-contact biometric system based on artificial intelligence to assess heat stress of sheep to be potentially used as automated animal welfare assessment in farms and while in transport. Skin temperature (°C) from head features were extracted from infrared thermal videos (IRTV) using automated tracking algorithms. Two parameter engineering procedures from RGB videos were performed to assess Heart Rate (HR) in beats per minute (BPM) and respiration rate (RR) in breaths per minute (BrPM): (i) using changes in luminosity of the green (G) channel and (ii) changes in the green to red (a) from the CIELAB color scale. A supervised machine learning (ML) classification model was developed using raw RR parameters as inputs to classify cutoff frequencies for low, medium, and high respiration rate (Model 1). A supervised ML regression model was developed using raw HR and RR parameters from Model 1 (Model 2). Results showed that Models 1 and 2 were highly accurate in the estimation of RR frequency level with 96% overall accuracy (Model 1), and HR and RR with R = 0.94 and slope = 0.76 (Model 2) without statistical signs of overfitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigfredo Fuentes
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.G.V.); (E.T.)
| | - Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.G.V.); (E.T.)
| | - Surinder S. Chauhan
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (A.J.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Aleena Joy
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (A.J.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Eden Tongson
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.G.V.); (E.T.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (A.J.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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19
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Rovelli G, Ceccobelli S, Perini F, Demir E, Mastrangelo S, Conte G, Abeni F, Marletta D, Ciampolini R, Cassandro M, Bernabucci U, Lasagna E. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1809540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Ceccobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Perini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eymen Demir
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Abeni
- Centro di ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Lodi, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Martino Cassandro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Umberto Bernabucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Nasreldin N, Ali FAZ, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Hassan M, El-Zeftawy M, Senosy W. Characterization of immunological, biochemical and inflammatory response of clinical and subclinical endometritis in ewes in the subtropics. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106541. [PMID: 32828415 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluriparus Ossimi (n = 50) ewes were used to investigate the immune profile of the affected ewes to accurately diagnose clinical and subclinical endometritis and associations with biochemical variables. Ewes were slaughtered and animals were classified into control (no fertility problems), subclinical endometritis (SCE) and clinical endometritis (CE) groups based on pre-slaughter determinations of conception failure. Serum was collected from ewes to estimate concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) as well as nitric oxide (NO) concentration. The results from immunological evaluations indicated there were greater (P < 0.001) serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and NO in ewes classified with SCE and CE as compared to ewes of the control group. Furthermore, values for concentrations of TNF-α were positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in ewes of the SCE and CE groups. In ewes classified with CE and SCE there were greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of blood glucose, ALT, AST, urea and creatinine than in ewes of the control group. It is concluded that serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α are diagnostic markers for CE and SCE in ewes and serve as a criterion for different inflammatory complications in ewes classified as having CE or SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Nasreldin
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. New Valley University, El-Kharga, P.O. Box 72511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, P.O. Box 82524, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, P.O. Box 71526, Egypt
| | - Mervat Hassan
- Department of Theriogenology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. New Valley University, El-Kharga, P.O. Box 72511, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Zeftawy
- Department of Biochemistry. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. New Valley University, El-Kharga, P.O. Box 72511, Egypt
| | - Waleed Senosy
- Department of Theriogenology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. New Valley University, El-Kharga, P.O. Box 72511, Egypt.
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21
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Osei-Amponsah R, Chauhan SS, Leury BJ, Cheng L, Cullen B, Clarke IJ, Dunshea FR. Genetic Selection for Thermotolerance in Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E948. [PMID: 31717903 PMCID: PMC6912363 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in climatic variables (temperature, humidity and solar radiation) negatively impact livestock growth, reproduction, and production. Heat stress, for instance, is a source of huge financial loss to livestock production globally. There have been significant advances in physical modifications of animal environment and nutritional interventions as tools of heat stress mitigation. Unfortunately, these are short-term solutions and may be unsustainable, costly, and not applicable to all production systems. Accordingly, there is a need for innovative, practical, and sustainable approaches to overcome the challenges posed by global warming and climate change-induced heat stress. This review highlights attempts to genetically select and breed ruminants for thermotolerance and thereby sustain production in the face of changing climates. One effective way is to incorporate sustainable heat abatement strategies in ruminant production. Improved knowledge of the physiology of ruminant acclimation to harsh environments, the opportunities and tools available for selecting and breeding thermotolerant ruminants, and the matching of animals to appropriate environments should help to minimise the effect of heat stress on sustainable animal genetic resource growth, production, and reproduction to ensure protein food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Osei-Amponsah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Surinder S. Chauhan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Brian J. Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Long Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Brendan Cullen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Iain J. Clarke
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.O.-A.); (B.J.L.); (L.C.); (B.C.); (I.J.C.); (F.R.D.)
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22
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Rashamol VP, Sejian V, Pragna P, Lees AM, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Gaughan JB. Prediction models, assessment methodologies and biotechnological tools to quantify heat stress response in ruminant livestock. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1265-1281. [PMID: 31129758 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Livestock industries have an important role in ensuring global food security. This review discusses the importance of quantifying the heat stress response of ruminants, with an emphasis on identifying thermo-tolerant breeds. There are numerous heat stress prediction models that have attempted to quantify the response of ruminant livestock to hot climatic conditions. This review highlights the importance of investigating prediction models beyond the temperature-humidity index (THI). Furthermore, this review highlights the importance of incorporating other climatic variables when developing prediction indices to ensure the accurate prediction of heat stress in ruminants. Prediction models, particularly the heat load index (HLI) were developed to overcome the limitations of the THI by incorporating ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (SR) and wind speed (WS). Furthermore refinements to existing prediction models have been undertaken to account for the interactions between climatic variables and physiological traits of livestock. Specifically, studies have investigated the relationships between coat characteristics, respiration rate (RR), body temperature (BT), sweating rate, vasodilation, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fatness and feed intake with climatic conditions. While advancements in prediction models have been occurring, there has also been substantial advancement in the methodologies used to quantify animal responses to heat stress. The most recent development in this field is the application of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to record animal behaviour and various physiological responses. Rumen temperature measurements using rumen boluses and skin temperature recording using infrared thermography (IRT) are making inroads to redefine the quantification of the heat stress response of ruminants. Further, this review describes several advanced biotechnological tools that can be used to identify climate resilient breeds of ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Rashamol
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India.
- Animal Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore, 560030, India.
| | - P Pragna
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - A M Lees
- Agriculture & Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
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