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Silva TA, Martins ADS, Alves LR, Pereira LWB, Saraiva JR, Duarte JMB, Zanetti EDS, Schweitzer CM, Dutra IS, Borsanelli AC. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bone and Dental Lesions in Neotropical Deer. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1892. [PMID: 38998003 PMCID: PMC11240400 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone and dental lesions have been documented in various deer species globally, affecting the efficiency of ingestion and digestion, consequently influencing their general health and leading to a decline in survival and reproductive performance. The present study aimed to characterize bone and dental lesions in the dry skulls of individual deer, estimate the prevalence of these lesions, and assess potential risk factors associated with the development of bone and dental alterations. This study assessed bone and dental lesions in 180 dry skulls of eleven neotropical deer species, originating from both captivity and wildlife conditions, through direct visual inspection. A high prevalence of bone and dental lesions was observed in all analyzed species. Dental calculus was the most common alteration (96.7%), followed by dental wear (71.1%). Animal age positively correlated with most bone and dental alterations, indicating that older animals showed more lesions. Additionally, the prevalence of these alterations was similar between sexes. Moreover, all lesions were more common in captive-bred animals, likely attributed to their older age and a less diverse diet. Blastocerus dichotomus and Mazama americana were most affected by bone resorption and dental trauma and had the highest dental calculus prevalence, along with Subulo gouazoubira and Passalites nemorivagus. All eleven species evaluated in the present study were susceptible to the occurrence of bone and dental lesions. Therefore, monitoring oral health and diet in captivity are fundamental practices for the conservation of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Ataides Silva
- Posgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Andressa da Silva Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Rodrigues Alves
- Posgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Luana Wenceslau Bittencourt Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Júlia Rebecca Saraiva
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16050-680, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Eveline Dos Santos Zanetti
- Marsh Deer Conservation Center (CCCP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane Marie Schweitzer
- Department of Mathematics, School of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Iveraldo Santos Dutra
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16050-680, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Borsanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
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Samartzidou EK. Animal disease evidenced in the bone assemblage of a Late Neolithic settlement in Greece: Implications for animal management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 44:126-139. [PMID: 38325147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the paper is to interpret pathologies on faunal remains in an effort to evaluate the presence of husbandry practices. MATERIALS Bones and bone fragments from the Neolithic site of Dispilio, Greece. Those of domestic species were further studied. METHODS The pathological cases were examined macroscopically, the lesions were described, images were taken, and differential diagnoses were undertaken using published literature. RESULTS 77 out of the 13,026 bones and bone fragments recovered displayed pathological conditions including oral disease, joint disease, trauma and congenital conditions. Most pathologies were found in the axial skeleton of caprines. CONCLUSIONS Pathological conditions in caprines are possibly related to the use of overgrazed pastures and fattening of females and castrates. These cases indicate specific husbandry practices used at the site. SIGNIFICANCE Reconstructing husbandry practices is complex, especially in extremely old sites with fragmentary remains. This study provides one of the very few studies of a large Neolithic animal bone assemblage providing insight into early human-animal interactions in Greece. LIMITATIONS The research is based on the bone material of the two later occupation phases of the site. It includes material from one site. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH The bone assemblage of the earlier occupation phase should be studied for a diachronic investigation of husbandry practices at the site. Investigation of pathological cases in more settlements would provide a larger database for the evaluation of husbandry practices in Neolithic Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni K Samartzidou
- Faculty of History and Archaeology, School of Philosophy, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Agostinho SD, Borsanelli AC, Campello PL, Saraiva JR, Silva TA, Schweitzer CM, Gaetti-Jardim E, Dutra IDS. Co-occurrence of periodontal lesions and dental wear in incisor and masticatory teeth in two sheep flocks in Brazil. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3409. [PMID: 37707436 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and tooth wear are multifactorial diseases with distinct etiopathogenesis that affect the health, feed efficiency and welfare of sheep. METHODS This study evaluated the co-occurrence of tooth wear and periodontal lesions in 129 ewes from two Brazilian flocks, clinically classified the lesions and presence of dental calculus, and identified potential pathogens in the dental biofilm of 63 ewes by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Of the 129 ewes included in the study, 75 presented periodontal lesions, while all animals presented tooth wear and dental calculus. Of the animals with periodontal lesions, 16.2% had lesions in incisor teeth and 52.7% in masticatory teeth. Regarding excessive tooth wear, 38.6% had severe wear on the incisor teeth and 89.1% on the masticatory teeth. Ewes older than 36 months had a higher frequency of periodontal lesions in incisor teeth (p < 0.001) and a greater amount of dental calculus (p < 0.001), but there was no association between tooth wear and animal age. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium necrophorum predominated in periodontal lesions. LIMITATION This study is limited by the small sample size and lack of diagnostic imaging to assess periodontal disease. CONCLUSION The co-occurrence of periodontal lesions and excessive dental wear involving both the incisor and masticatory teeth suggests that although the two diseases have different aetiologies, they likely have common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donatoni Agostinho
- Postgraduate Programme in Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Borsanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil
| | - Paula Letícia Campello
- Postgraduate Programme in Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Rebecca Saraiva
- Postgraduate Programme in Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamires Ataides Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil
| | - Christiane Marie Schweitzer
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elerson Gaetti-Jardim
- Department of Mathematics, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iveraldo Dos Santos Dutra
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li J, Wang S, Wang F, Yu X, Xu L. Insight on the in vivo wear characteristics of goat artificial cervical disc implanted for 6 months. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105909. [PMID: 37245421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the prosthesis may suffer overload or extreme motion during the daily activities, some special failure modes may be found in service. In order to give an insight on the in vivo stability of artificial cervical disc, the wear characteristics of goat prosthesis were studied after implanted in goat animal for 6 months. The prosthesis was designed with a ball-on-socket structure under the material combination of PE-on-TC4. The X-ray examination was performed to monitor the in vivo wear process. The worn morphology and wear debris were analyzed in detail by EDX and SEM. The result indicated that goat prosthesis revealed good safety and effectiveness during 6-month in vivo wear test. The wear damage occurred only on nucleus pulposus component with the dominant failure mode of surface fatigue and deformation. The damage distribution and wear severity was seriously uneven with a trend that the closer to the edge, the more severe the wear. For example, slippage phenomenon caused a wide and curved severe ploughing damage on the edge. Three kinds of debris were found including bone debris, carbon-oxygen compound debris and PE wear debris. Both bone debris and carbon-oxygen compound debris came from superior endplate while PE wear debris came from nucleus pulposus. The debris proportion for endplate was 82% for bone debris, 15% for carbon-oxygen compound debris and 3% for PE debris while for nucleus pulposus it was 8% for carbon-oxygen compound debris and 92% for PE debris. The size range of PE debris for nucleus pulposus was 0.1-100 μm, with an average size of 9.58 ± 16.34 μm. For the bone debris of endplate components, the size range was 0.1-600 μm, with an average size of 49.18 ± 94.54 μm. After wear test, the equivalent elastic modulus of nucleus pulposus increased from 28.55 MPa to 38.25 MPa. The results of FT-IR spectrum showed that the functional groups on the surface of polyethylene have not changed significantly after wear test. The results indicated that there were some differences in wear characteristics of wear morphology and wear debris between in vivo wear and in vitro wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Orthopedic Center, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China.
| | - Song Wang
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Orthopedic Center, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Xing Yu
- Orthopedic Center, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- Orthopedic Center, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, PR China
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Grzeczka A, Lech M, Wozniak G, Graczyk S, Kordowitzki P, Olejnik M, Gehrke M, Jaśkowski JM. Periodontitis Disease in Farmed Ruminants-Current State of Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9763. [PMID: 37298712 PMCID: PMC10253686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease in ruminants is common and occurs in farmed and wild animals. Periodontal lesions can result from the secretion of endotoxins by pathogenic bacteria and as consequences of immune system activity. Three main types of periodontitis have been described. The first is chronic inflammation involving mainly premolars and molars-periodontitis (PD). The second type is an acute inflammatory reaction occurring with calcification of the periosteum of the jawbone and swelling of the surrounding soft tissues (Cara inchada, CI-"swollen face"). Finally, a third type, similar to the first but located in the incisor area, is called "broken mouth" (BM). Etiological variation between the different types of periodontitis is indicated. This particularly manifests in the composition of the microbiome, which is characteristic of the different forms of periodontitis. The widespread detection of lesions has drawn attention to the current nature of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Małgorzata Olejnik
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.G.); (M.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (P.K.); (M.G.); (J.M.J.)
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Okandeji ME, Lijoka AD, Atiba FA, Adebiyi OA, Olopade JO. Dental Disorders in Wild and Domestic Pigs ( Sus Scrofa): A Review. J Vet Dent 2023; 40:47-56. [PMID: 36124401 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Teeth in the mouth of vertebrates represent the modified descendants of bony dermal plates of ancestral fishes. Dental disorders, which are deviations of dental tissues origins, are derived from any or all of the dental tissues; enamel, dentin or cementum, and include dental abnormalities and diseases. These disorders can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, or an interplay of both factors. This article reviews disorders that have been reported in both wild and domestic pigs and the frequency of occurrence of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Efeturi Okandeji
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji David Lijoka
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluso Ayobami Atiba
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Borsanelli AC, Athayde FRF, Riggio MP, Brandt BW, Rocha FI, Jesus EC, Gaetti-Jardim E, Schweitzer CM, Dutra IS. Dysbiosis and predicted function of dental and ruminal microbiome associated with bovine periodontitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:936021. [PMID: 36033883 PMCID: PMC9412940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.936021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive cattle livestock is advancing in Amazonia and its low productivity, with consequent pressure to open new areas, is partly due to sanitary problems and, among them, the periodontal diseases, whose environmental triggers or modifying factors are unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing, network analysis and predicted functions to investigate the dental and ruminal microbiota of cattle raised in new livestock areas in the Amazon and identify possible keystone pathogens and proteins associated with the disease. Ninety-three genera were common in dental and ruminal fluid microbiomes and among them periodontal pathogens such as Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Actinomyces were recognized. Network analysis showed that dental microbiomes of clinically healthy animals tend to comprise a group of OTUs in homeostasis and when analyzed together, dental and ruminal fluid microbiomes of animals with periodontitis had almost twice the number of negative edges, indicating possible competition between bacteria and dysbiosis. The incisor dental and ruminal fluid microbiomes were dominated by a core community composed of members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Network results showed that members of the Prevotella genus stood out among the top five OTUs, with the largest number of hubs in the dental and ruminal microbiota of animals with periodontitis. Protein families linked to an inflammatory environment were predicted in the dental and ruminal microbiota of cattle with periodontitis. The dissimilarity between dental microbiomes, discriminating between healthy cattle and those with periodontitis and the identification of possible key pathogens, represent an important reference to elucidate the triggers involved in the etiopathogenesis of bovine periodontitis, and possibly in the development of measures to control the disease and reduce the pressures for deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Borsanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia R. F. Athayde
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando I. Rocha
- Department of Soil, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ederson C. Jesus
- National Agrobiology Research Center, Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elerson Gaetti-Jardim
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Dental School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane M. Schweitzer
- Department of Mathematics, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iveraldo S. Dutra
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Borsanelli AC, Athayde FRF, Saraiva JR, Riggio MP, Dutra IS. Dysbiosis and Predicted Functions of the Dental Biofilm of Dairy Goats with Periodontitis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02062-0. [PMID: 35780192 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial biofilm-induced inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiotic microbial community and severely affects the health and welfare of animals. However, little is known regarding the dental microbiota associated with this disease in goats. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing, network analysis, and predicted functions to investigate the microbiota of clinically healthy goats and those with periodontitis and identify possible pathogens and proteins associated with the disease. Dental microbiomes of goats with periodontitis were richer, and network analyses showed that the number of negative interactions was higher in the networks of animals with periodontitis. Based on the interrelationships, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella were suggested to play an important role in the dental microbiota associated with goat periodontitis. Protein families linked to translation, cytoplasmatic translation, and rRNA processing were more abundant in the dental microbiota of goats with periodontitis. In conclusion, the dental biofilm microbiota associated with goat periodontitis seems to be dysbiotic and has significant antagonistic interactions, which discriminate healthy animals from diseased animals and highlight the importance of key bacteria. Thus, these novel findings contribute to the evolution of knowledge regarding the etiopathogenesis of goat periodontitis and possibly to the development of periodontitis control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Borsanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Goias, Brazil.
| | - Flávia R F Athayde
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Campus, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia R Saraiva
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal Campus, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello P Riggio
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iveraldo S Dutra
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Campus, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Borsanelli AC, Saraiva JR, Pádua DB, Athayde FR, Vaccari J, Zanetti ES, Dutra IS. Oral affections in an ex situ population of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus): a retrospective study (1990-2020). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Oral diseases are limiting to health, welfare, and conservation practices, especially in the case of endangered animals. In this retrospective study, a survey on oral health-related conditions noted in the clinical records for 261 deer comprised in an ex situ population of the Marsh Deer Conservation Center (CCCP) over 30 years (1990-2020) was carried out. Of these, 49 (18.77%) marsh deer (31 females - 63.27% and 18 males - 36.73%) had clinical oral affections; the affected deer’s mean age was 8.9 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and the variable age was significantly associated with the presence of dental affections. Thus, with a change in the age category, a deer had eight times the chance of manifesting oral affections; therefore, age can be considered a risk factor for the manifestation of oral affections in the species. Increased facial volume (65.3%), accumulation of food in the mouth (36.7%), tooth loss (22.4%), fistulas (22.4%), mucosal or palatal lesions (22.4%), tooth wear (20.4%), and tooth root exposure (18.3%) were the most frequently recorded lesions. The relatively high occurrence of oral affections in Blastocerus dichotomus reiterates the importance of oral health care when deer are kept in human care.
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Borsanelli AC, Athayde FRF, Agostinho SD, Riggio MP, Dutra IS. Dental biofilm and its ecological interrelationships in ovine periodontitis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34313584 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of animals. However, little is known about the ecological processes involved and the composition of the microbiota associated with the development of the disease.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and network analysis it would be possible to discriminate the microbiomes of clinically healthy sheep and those with periodontitis and possibly identify the key microorganisms associated with the disease.Aim. The present study aimed to characterise the composition of dental microbiomes and bacterial co-occurrence networks in clinically healthy sheep and animals with periodontitis.Methodology. Dental biofilm samples were collected from ten sheep with periodontitis and ten clinically healthy animals. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.Results. The most prevalent genera in the dental microbiota of sheep with periodontitis were Petrimonas, Acinetobacter, Porphyromonas and Aerococcus. In clinically healthy animals, the most significant genera were unclassified Pasteurellaceae, Pseudomonas, and Neisseria. Fusobacterium was found at high prevalence in the microbiomes of both groups. The dental microbiota of sheep in the two clinical conditions presented different profiles and the diversity and richness of bacteria was greater in the diseased animals. Network analyses showed the presence of a large number of antagonistic interactions between bacteria in the dental microbiota of animals with periodontitis, indicating the occurrence of a dysbiotic community. Through the interrelationships, members of the Prevotella genus are likely to be key pathogens, both in the dental microbiota of healthy animals and those with periodontitis. Porphyromonas stood out among the top three nodes with more centrality and the largest number of hubs in the networks of animals with periodontitis.Conclusion. The dental biofilm microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis is dysbiotic and with significant antagonistic interactions, which discriminates healthy animals from diseased animals and highlights the importance of key bacteria, such as Petrimonas, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Borsanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia R F Athayde
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina D Agostinho
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iveraldo S Dutra
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
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Management of Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Oral Lesions in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091529. [PMID: 32872584 PMCID: PMC7552339 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral disorders constitute a significant cause of weight loss in sheep. In a study of disorders of the oral cavity of 36,033 sheep from 60 meat sheep flocks in Spain, we looked for management risk factors associated with chronic oral lesions. Mandibular and maxillary disorders were assessed as an external manifestation of oral lesions by palpation, searching for tissue swellings, fistulae, or open wounds. The prevalence of flocks containing sheep with jaw disorders was 98.3%, with an average individual prevalence of 5.5%. The majority of lesions were located in in the mid-region of the mandible, and the most relevant risk factor was increasing age. Use of acidic diets based on silage and inclusion of hard foods, such as maize straw or hay, was associated with the occurrence of jaw inflammation. It was concluded that hard diets containing plant material with edges and sharp areas, plus acidic foods including silage, are more likely to cause lesions of the gingiva, enabling entry of pathogens to the oral mucosa that eventually establish locally in bony tissues, usually as mandibular osteomyelitis. It was also observed that mineral supplementation appears to prevent the occurrence of these lesions.
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