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Liao T, Shi X, Han F, Wang Y, Zeng W, Liu R, Yan Z, Xia R, Huang Z, Xu J, Miao Y. Blockade of BLyS inhibits B-cell responses and antibody production for the prevention of chronic transplant rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:652-662. [PMID: 38070662 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rejection, closely related to the activation of B cells and donor-specific antibody (DSA) production, has unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a major regulatory factor that controls the activation and differentiation of B cells. However, it remains unclear whether BLyS blockade can regulate B and plasma cells in the transplantation setting and affect chronic rejection. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the BLyS inhibitors belimumab and telitacicept in controlling B-cell response and preventing chronic rejection. METHODS The effects of belimumab and telitacicept on B-cell activation, differentiation, and antibody production in vitro were determined. A chronic rejection model in mouse was established by allogeneic cardiac transplantation with CTLA4-Ig treatment. Allograft survival, histology, DSA levels, and B-cell responses were analyzed to evaluate the chronic rejection-preventive effects of belimumab and telitacicept. RESULTS In vitro experiments confirmed that belimumab and telitacicept inhibited B-cell activation and differentiation and reduced antibody production. In vivo experiments indicated that they significantly prolonged allograft survival, attenuated chronic rejection through significant suppression of myocardial ischemic necrosis and interstitial fibrosis, and reduced DSA-IgG levels, C4d deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, the frequencies of B cells, plasma cells, and IgG-producing cells in the recipients' spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood were decreased after BLyS inhibitors treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that belimumab and telitacicept inhibit B-cell responses and antibody production and alleviate chronic transplant rejection. Therefore, BLyS inhibitors are expected to be used for the prevention of chronic rejection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liao
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Han
- Research Institute of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Zeng
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rumin Liu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyan Yan
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renfei Xia
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyu Huang
- Research Institute of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Miao
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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McAllister E, Jellusova J. BAFF signaling in B cell metabolism. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:69-74. [PMID: 34174517 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is an essential cytokine primarily known for its role in maintaining B cell homeostasis via induction of a pro-survival gene expression profile. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that BAFF induced signaling also drives a metabolic program that is needed for homeostatic cell mass maintenance in resting B cells and which increases the cells' capacity to divide. Many components of the signaling cascades initiated by BAFF, the alternative NFκB pathway and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, are active in roles beyond their classically assigned function. These components can directly or indirectly impact metabolic reprogramming. Further exploration of the role BAFF signaling plays in B cell metabolism could help to identify metabolic vulnerabilities of hyperactive B cells in the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen McAllister
- Institute of Biology III at the Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Jellusova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Einsteinstr.25, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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3
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Drumond MHF, Puhl LE, Duarte PM, Miranda TSD, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Peruzzo DC, Martinez EF, Napimoga MH. Preliminary findings on the possible role of B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) on diabetes-related periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e038. [PMID: 32374812 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible role of B-cell growth and differentiation-related cytokines on the pathogenesis of diabetes-related periodontitis has not been addressed so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the gene expression of proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), two major cytokines associated to survival, differentiation and maturation of B cells in biopsies from gingival tissue with periodontitis. Gingival biopsies were obtained from subjects with periodontitis (n = 17), with periodontitis and DM (n = 19) as well as from periodontally and systemically healthy controls (n = 10). Gene expressions for APRIL, BLyS, RANKL, OPG, TRAP and DC-STAMP were evaluated using qPCR. The expressions APRIL, BLyS, RANKL, OPG, TRAP and DC-STAMP were all higher in both periodontitis groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of BLyS, TRAP and RANKL were significantly higher in the subjects with periodontitis and DM when compared to those with periodontitis alone (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of BLyS correlated positively with RANKL in the subjects with periodontitis and DM (p < 0.05). BLyS is overexpressed in periodontitis tissues of subjects with type 2 DM, suggesting a possible role of this cytokine on the pathogenesis DM-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Eduardo Puhl
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic , Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- University of Florida , College of Dentistry , Department of Periodontology , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | | | | | - Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic , Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic , Campinas , SP , Brazil
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4
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Sasanuma H, Ozawa M, Yoshida N. RNA-binding protein Ptbp1 is essential for BCR-mediated antibody production. Int Immunol 2020; 31:157-166. [PMID: 30476084 PMCID: PMC6400050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-1 (Ptbp1) binds to the pyrimidine-rich sequence of target RNA and controls gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation such as alternative splicing. Although Ptbp1 is highly expressed in B lymphocytes, its role to date is largely unknown. To clarify the role of Ptbp1 in B-cell development and function, we generated B-cell-specific Ptbp1-deficient (P1BKO) mice. B-cell development in the bone marrow, spleen and peritoneal cavity of the P1BKO mice was nearly normal. However, the P1BKO mice had significantly lower levels of natural antibodies in serum compared with those of the control mice. To investigate the effect of Ptbp1 deficiency on the immune response in vivo, we immunized the P1BKO mice with T-cell-independent type-2 (TI-2) antigen NP-Ficoll and T-cell-dependent (TD) antigen NP-CGG. We found that B-cell-specific Ptbp1 deficiency causes an immunodeficiency phenotype due to defective production of antibody against both TI-2 and TD antigen. This immunodeficiency was accompanied by impaired B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated B-cell activation and plasmablast generation. These findings demonstrate that Ptbp1 is essential for the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sasanuma
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ozawa
- Laboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Kridin K, Kowalski EH, Kneiber D, Laufer-Britva R, Amber KT. From bench to bedside: evolving therapeutic targets in autoimmune blistering disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:2239-2252. [PMID: 31314932 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune blistering diseases comprise a group of heterogenous conditions characterized by the loss of tolerance and subsequent development of autoantibodies targeting epidermal and subepidermal adhesion proteins. Blisters and erosions form on the skin and mucous membranes leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional therapies rely on systemic immunosuppression. Advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pemphigus and pemphigoid have led to the development of molecules which target specific pathways involved in induction and perpetuation of disease. In this review, we outline the novel therapeutic strategies including B-cell depletion, T-regulatory cell repletion, cell signalling inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors, inhibitory monoclonal antibodies, as well as complement inhibition. We additionally review their current level of clinical evidence. We lastly review therapeutics targets gleaned from the experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita mouse model. These emerging treatments offer an exciting progression from basic science discoveries that have the potential to transform the treatment paradigm in autoimmune blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kridin
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - E H Kowalski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Kneiber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Laufer-Britva
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - K T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Ntellas P, Dardiotis E, Sevdali E, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Tsinti G, Germenis AE, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Eibel H, Speletas M. TNFRSF13C/BAFFR P21R and H159Y polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101422. [PMID: 32172995 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies implicate B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, and consequently, several molecules participating in B cell survival and proliferation, including B-cell activating factor (BAFF), have recently been analyzed in MS patients. BAFF mediates its function through binding to three receptors; among them, its interaction with the BAFF receptor (BAFFR) is crucial in mediating its survival function. Interestingly, two common polymorphisms of the TNFRSF13C gene, encoding BAFFR, P21R (rs77874543) and H159Y (rs61756766), have been reported to affect BAFFR assembly and signaling. In order to evaluate the possible contribution of BAFFR in MS pathogenesis and/or phenotype, we analyzed both TNFRSF13C/BAFFR polymorphisms in 486 MS patients in relation to their disease severity, their disability status and the age of disease onset and duration. As control group, we used allele frequencies extracted from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) Browser. Interestingly, we found a higher prevalence of the H159Y polymorphism in MS patients, suggesting that enhanced BAFFR-signaling might contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntellas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gerasimina Tsinti
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Hermann Eibel
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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7
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Acosta-Herrera M, González-Serna D, Martín J. The Potential Role of Genomic Medicine in the Therapeutic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060826. [PMID: 31185701 PMCID: PMC6617101 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, important advances have occurred regarding understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, response to treatment is not universal, and choosing among different therapies is currently based on a trial and error approach. The specific patient’s genetic background influences the response to therapy for many drugs: In this sense, genomic studies on RA have produced promising insights that could help us find an effective therapy for each patient. On the other hand, despite the great knowledge generated regarding the genetics of RA, most of the investigations performed to date have focused on identifying common variants associated with RA, which cannot explain the complete heritability of the disease. In this regard, rare variants could also contribute to this missing heritability as well as act as biomarkers that help in choosing the right therapy. In the present article, different aspects of genetics in the pathogenesis and treatment of RA are reviewed, from large-scale genomic studies to specific rare variant analyses. We also discuss the shared genetic architecture existing among autoimmune diseases and its implications for RA therapy, such as drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Av. del Conocimiento 17. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - David González-Serna
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Av. del Conocimiento 17. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Av. del Conocimiento 17. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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8
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McManigle W, Youssef A, Sarantopoulos S. B cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:393-399. [PMID: 30849450 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) is the definitive therapy for numerous otherwise incurable hematologic malignancies and non-malignant diseases. The genetic disparity between donor and recipient both underpins therapeutic effects and confers donor immune system-mediated damage in the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) is a major cause of late post-transplant morbidity and mortality. B cells have a substantiated role in cGVHD pathogenesis, as first demonstrated by clinical response to the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab. Initiation of CD20 blockade is met at times with limited therapeutic success that has been associated with altered peripheral B cell homeostasis and excess B Cell Activating Factor of the TNF family (BAFF). Increased BAFF to B cell ratios are associated with the presence of circulating, constitutively activated B cells in patients with cGVHD. These cGVHD patient B cells have increased survival capacity and signal through both BAFF-associated and B Cell Receptor (BCR) signaling pathways. Proximal BCR signaling molecules, Syk and BTK, appear to be hyper-activated in cGVHD B cells and can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors. Murine studies have confirmed roles for Syk and BTK in development of cGVHD. Emerging evidence has prompted investigation of several small molecule inhibitors in an attempt to restore B cell homeostasis and potentially target rare, pathologic B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William McManigle
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ayman Youssef
- Adult Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Dörner T, Posch MG, Li Y, Petricoul O, Cabanski M, Milojevic JM, Kamphausen E, Valentin MA, Simonett C, Mooney L, Hüser A, Gram H, Wagner FD, Oliver SJ. Treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome with ianalumab (VAY736) targeting B cells by BAFF receptor blockade coupled with enhanced, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:641-647. [PMID: 30826774 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ianalumab (VAY736), a B cell-depleting, B cell activating factor receptor-blocking, monoclonal antibody, in patients with active primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II, single-centre study. METHODS Patients with pSS, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) ≥6, were randomised to ianalumab single infusion at either 3 mg/kg (n=6), 10 mg/kg (n=12) or placebo (n=9). Outcomes were measured blinded at baseline and weeks 6, 12, 24, and unblinded at end of study (EoS) when B cell numbers had recovered. Clinical outcomes included ESSDAI, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), salivary flow rate, ocular staining score, physician global assessment and patient assessments of fatigue and general quality of life. Laboratory-based measures included circulating leucocyte subsets and markers of B cell activity. RESULTS A similar trend showing positive therapeutic effect by ianalumab was observed across the primary clinical outcome (ESSDAI) and all secondary clinical outcomes (ESSPRI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Short Form-36, global assessments by physician and patient) versus the placebo-treated group. Rapid and profound B cell depletion of long-lasting duration occurred after a single infusion of ianalumab at either dose. Serum Ig light chains decreased, with return to baseline levels at EoS. Changes in some clinical outcomes persisted through to EoS in the higher dose group. Adverse effects were largely limited to mild to moderate infusion reactions within 24 hours of ianalumab administration. CONCLUSIONS Overall results in this single-dose study suggest potent and sustained B cell depletion by ianalumab could provide therapeutic benefits in patients with pSS without major side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Yue Li
- Integrated Information Sciences, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Maciej Cabanski
- Autoimmunity, Transplant and Inflammation, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise Mooney
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hermann Gram
- Autoimmunity, Transplant and Inflammation, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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González-Serna D, Ortiz-Fernández L, Vargas S, García A, Raya E, Fernández-Gutierrez B, López-Longo FJ, Balsa A, González-Álvaro I, Narvaez J, Gómez-Vaquero C, Sabio JM, García-Portales R, González-Escribano MF, Tolosa C, Carreira P, Kiemeney L, Coenen MJH, Witte T, Schneider M, González-Gay MÁ, Martín J. Association of a rare variant of the TNFSF13B gene with susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8195. [PMID: 29844438 PMCID: PMC5974315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare variant (BAFF-var) of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13b (TNFSF13B) gene has been recently associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TNFSF13B BAFF-var and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and replicate that association in SLE. 6,218 RA patients, 2,575 SLE patients and 4,403 healthy controls from three different countries were included in the study. TNFSF13B BAFF-var was genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. PLINK software was used for statistical analyses. TNFSF13B BAFF-var was significantly associated with RA (p = 0.015, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.03-1.41) in the Spanish cohort. A trend of association was observed in the Dutch (p = 0.115) and German (p = 0.228) RA cohorts. A meta-analysis of the three RA cohorts included in this study revealed a statistically significant association (p = 0.002, OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10-1.38). In addition, TNFSF13B BAFF-var was significantly associated with SLE in the Spanish (p = 0.001, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.14-1.74) and the German cohorts (p = 0.030, OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.05-3.28), with a statistically significant p-value obtained in the meta-analysis (p = 0.0002, OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09-2.32). The results obtained confirm the known association of TNFSF13B BAFF-var with SLE and, for the first time, demonstrate that this variant contributes to susceptibility to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sofía Vargas
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio García
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Raya
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Balsa
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Narvaez
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Mario Sabio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Carles Tolosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lambertus Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Policlinic and Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, UKD, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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11
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Hähnlein JS, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Semmelink JF, Choi IY, Berger FH, Maas M, Gerlag DM, Tak PP, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Baarsen LGM. Distinctive expression of T cell guiding molecules in human autoimmune lymph node stromal cells upon TLR3 triggering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1736. [PMID: 29379035 PMCID: PMC5789053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are implicated in autoimmunity. Autoantibodies are produced in lymphoid tissue where lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) regulate lymphocyte function. Infections can alter the interaction between LNSCs and lymphocytes resulting in defective immune responses. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoantibody production precedes clinical disease allowing identification of at risk individuals. We investigated the ability of human LNSCs derived from RA, RA-risk and healthy individuals to sense and respond to pathogens. Human LNSCs cultured directly from freshly collected lymph node biopsies expressed TLR1-9 with exception of TLR7. In all donors TLR3 triggering induced expression of ISGs, IL-6 and adhesion molecules like VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Strikingly, T cell guiding chemokines CCL19 and IL-8 as well as the antiviral gene MxA were less induced upon TLR3 triggering in autoimmune LNSCs. This observed decrease, found already in LNSCs of RA-risk individuals, may lead to incorrect positioning of lymphocytes and aberrant immune responses during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine S Hähnlein
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara H Ramwadhdoebe
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna F Semmelink
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivy Y Choi
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferco H Berger
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul P Tak
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Gene signatures related to HAI response following influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older individuals. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00098. [PMID: 27441275 PMCID: PMC4946173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess gene signatures related to humoral response among healthy older subjects following seasonal influenza vaccination, we studied 94 healthy adults (50–74 years old) who received one documented dose of licensed trivalent influenza vaccine containing the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus strain. Influenza-specific antibody (HAI) titer in serum samples and next-generation sequencing on PBMCs were performed using blood samples collected prior to (Day 0) and at two timepoints after (Days 3 and 28) vaccination. We identified a number of uncharacterized genes (ZNF300, NUP1333, KLK1 and others) and confirmed previous studies demonstrating specific genes/genesets that are important mediators of host immune responses and that displayed associations with antibody response to influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. These included interferon-regulatory transcription factors (IRF1/IRF2/IRF6/IRF7/IRF9), chemokine/chemokine receptors (CCR5/CCR9/CCL5), cytokine/cytokine receptors (IFNG/IL10RA/TNFRSF1A), protein kinases (MAP2K4/MAPK3), growth factor receptor (TGFBR1). The identification of gene signatures associated with antibody response represents an early stage in the science for which further research is needed. Such research may assist in the design of better vaccines to facilitate improved defenses against new influenza virus strains, as well as better understanding the genetic drivers of immune responses.
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13
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Serum elevation of B lymphocyte stimulator does not increase regulatory B cells in glioblastoma patients undergoing immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:205-11. [PMID: 26759007 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells that secrete IL-10 (IL-10(+) Bregs) represent a suppressive subset of the B cell compartment with prominent anti-inflammatory capacity, capable of suppressing cellular and humoral responses to cancer and vaccines. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a key regulatory molecule in IL-10(+) Breg biology with tightly controlled serum levels. However, BLyS levels can be drastically altered upon chemotherapeutic intervention. We have previously shown that serum BLyS levels are elevated, and directly associated, with increased antigen-specific antibody titers in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) undergoing lymphodepletive temozolomide chemotherapy and vaccination. In this study, we examined corresponding IL-10(+) Breg responses within this patient population and demonstrate that the IL-10(+) Breg compartment remains constant before and after administration of the vaccine, despite elevated BLyS levels in circulation. IL-10(+) Breg frequencies were not associated with serum BLyS levels, and ex vivo stimulation with a physiologically relevant concentration of BLyS did not increase IL-10(+) Breg frequency. However, BLyS stimulation did increase the frequency of the overall B cell compartment and promoted B cell proliferation upon B cell receptor engagement. Therefore, using BLyS as an adjuvant with therapeutic peptide vaccination could promote humoral immunity with no increase in immunosuppressive IL-10(+) Bregs. These results have implications for modulating humoral responses in human peptide vaccine trials in patients with GBM.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that is marked by a systemic inflammatory reaction and joint erosions. Elevated levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF) have been detected in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients. Moreover, the levels of BAFF increase in cases of autoimmune disease and are correlated with the level of disease activity. As an innate cytokine mediator, BAFF affects the immune response of the synovial microenvironment. In this review, we consider recent observations of BAFF and its receptors in RA progression, as well as the effects of BAFF on the cell-cell interactions network. We also summarize the clinical development of BAFF antagonists for the treatment of RA.
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15
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Dickinson GS, Akkoyunlu M, Bram RJ, Alugupalli KR. BAFF receptor and TACI in B-1b cell maintenance and antibacterial responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1362:57-67. [PMID: 25962322 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence of the protective immunity conferred by B-1b cells (CD19(+) B220(+) IgM(hi) Mac1(+) CD5(-)) has been established, the mechanisms governing the maintenance and activation of B-1b cells following pathogen encounter remain unclear. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) mediate their function in mature B cells through the BAFF receptor (BAFFR) and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). BAFFR-deficient mice have lower numbers of B-1b cells, and this reduction is directly proportional to BAFFR levels. The generation of B-1b cells is also dependent on the strength of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Mice with impaired BCR signaling, such as X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice, have B-1b cell deficiency, indicating that both BCR- and BAFFR-mediated signaling are critical for B-1b cell homeostasis. Borrelia hermsii induces expansion and persistence of B-1b cells in xid mice, and these B-1b cells provide a heightened protective response. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated stimulation of xid B cells results in a significant increase in TACI expression and restoration of TACI-mediated functions. The activation of TLR signaling by B. hermsii and BCR/TLR costimulation-mediated upregulation of BAFFR and TACI on B-1b cells suggests that B-1b cell maintenance and function following bacterial exposure may depend on BAFFR- and TACI-mediated signaling. In fact, the loss of both BAFFR and TACI results in a greater impairment in anti-B. hermsii responses compared to deficiency of BAFFR or TACI alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Dickinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard J Bram
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kishore R Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Morrison TG. Meeting report VLPNPV: Session 3: Immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:3064-7. [PMID: 25529229 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.979643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) and nano-particles (NP) are increasingly considered for both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for a wide variety of human and animal diseases. Indeed, 2 VLPs have already been licensed for use in humans, the human papilloma virus vaccine and the hepatitis B virus vaccine. (1) Reflecting this increased interest, a second international conference with a specific focus on VLPs and NP was held at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, in June 2014. Approximately 100 attendees, hailing from many nations, came from academic institutions, research institutes, and biotech companies. A wide variety of topics were discussed, ranging from development and characterization of specific VLP and NP vaccine candidates to methods of production of these particles. Session three was focused on the general question of immune responses to VLPs.
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Key Words
- BLys, B lymphocyte stimulator
- ELISpot, enzyme-linked immunoSpot
- F, fusion
- G, glycoprotein
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HN, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
- LLPC, long-lived plasma cells
- M, membrane
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NDV, Newcastle disease virus
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains
- NP, nanoparticles or nucleocapsid protein
- PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes
- RHDV, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus
- RSV, respiratory syncytial virus
- T cell responses
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMV, tobacco mosaic virus
- TrV, triatoma virus
- VLPs, virus-like particles
- Virus-like particles
- adjuvants
- anti-glycan immunity
- human humoral immune responses
- memory responses
- mucosal immunity
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy G Morrison
- a Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems ; University of Massachusetts Medical School ; Worcester , MA USA
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17
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Yang S, Li JY, Xu W. Role of BAFF/BAFF-R axis in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 91:113-22. [PMID: 24629840 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF), as a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family, plays important roles in B-cell homeostasis, tolerance, and malignancy. BAFF binds to three receptors of TNF, TACI, BCMA and BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R). In particular, the BAFF/BAFF-R pathway is crucial to the survival and growth of mature normal and malignant B-cells. BAFF is displayed on the cell surface or is released in a soluble form after cleavage from the plasma membrane. BAFF-R as the main BAFF receptor is expressed mainly on B-cells. Aberrant BAFF expression was found in malignant B-cells from B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patients, which protects these cells from spontaneous or drug-induced apoptosis and stimulated NF-κB activation via autocrine and/or paracrine pathways. However, the mechanisms involved in the gene expression and regulation of BAFF or BAFF-R has not been elucidated. More importantly, the design of reagents able to counteract BAFF/BAFF-R pathways may be of therapeutic value for B-NHL. Results of ongoing clinical trials with BAFF or BAFF-R antagonists are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
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18
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Wang JQ, Jeelall YS, Beutler B, Horikawa K, Goodnow CC. Consequences of the recurrent MYD88(L265P) somatic mutation for B cell tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:413-26. [PMID: 24534189 PMCID: PMC3949567 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
B cells expressing the MYD88 L265P mutation undergo rapid TLR ligand-independent proliferation that is self-limiting unless apoptosis is opposed. MYD88L265P has recently been discovered as an extraordinarily frequent somatic mutation in benign monoclonal IgM gammopathy, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this study, we analyze the consequences for antigen-activated primary B cells of acquiring MYD88L265P. The mutation induced rapid B cell division in the absence of exogenous TLR ligands and was inhibited by Unc93b13d mutation and chloroquine or TLR9 deficiency, indicating continued dependence on upstream TLR9 activation. Proliferation and NF-κB activation induced by MYD88L265P were nevertheless rapidly countered by the induction of TNFAIP3, an NF-κB inhibitor frequently inactivated in MYD88L265P–bearing lymphomas, and extinguished by Bim-dependent apoptosis. MYD88L265P caused self-reactive B cells to accumulate in vivo only when apoptosis was opposed by Bcl2 overexpression. These results reveal checkpoints that fortify TLR responses against aberrant B cell proliferation in response to ubiquitous TLR and BCR self-ligands and suggest that tolerance failure requires the accumulation of multiple somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Q Wang
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, 2 Australian Phenomics Facility, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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19
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Kain MJW, Owens BMJ. Stromal cell regulation of homeostatic and inflammatory lymphoid organogenesis. Immunology 2013; 140:12-21. [PMID: 23621403 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs function to increase the efficiency of interactions between rare, antigen-specific lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells, concentrating antigen and lymphocytes in a supportive environment that facilitates the initiation of an adaptive immune response. Homeostatic lymphoid tissue organogenesis proceeds via exquisitely controlled spatiotemporal interactions between haematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer populations and multiple subsets of non-haematopoietic stromal cells. However, it is becoming clear that in a range of inflammatory contexts, ectopic or tertiary lymphoid tissues can develop inappropriately under pathological stress. Here we summarize the role of stromal cells in the development of homeostatic lymphoid tissue, and assess emerging evidence that suggests a critical role for stromal involvement in the tertiary lymphoid tissue development associated with chronic infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J W Kain
- University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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20
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Sanchez-Perez L, Choi BD, Reap EA, Sayour EJ, Norberg P, Schmittling RJ, Archer GE, Herndon JE, Mitchell DA, Heimberger AB, Bigner DD, Sampson JH. BLyS levels correlate with vaccine-induced antibody titers in patients with glioblastoma lymphodepleted by therapeutic temozolomide. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:983-7. [PMID: 23591978 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a cytokine involved in differentiation and survival of follicular B cells along with humoral response potentiation. Lymphopenia is known to precipitate dramatic elevation in serum BLyS; however, the use of this effect to enhance humoral responses following vaccination has not been evaluated. We evaluated BLyS serum levels and antigen-specific antibody titers in 8 patients undergoing therapeutic temozolomide (TMZ)-induced lymphopenia, with concomitant vaccine against a tumor-specific mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII). Our studies demonstrate that TMZ-induced lymphopenia corresponded with spikes in serum BLyS that directly preceded the induction of anti-EGFRvIII antigen-specific antibody titers, in some cases as high as 1:2,000,000. Our data are the first clinical observation of BLyS serum elevation and greatly enhanced humoral immune responses as a consequence of chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia. These observations should be considered for the development of future vaccination strategies in the setting of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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21
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Afonso AB, Justo LN, Queirós AC, Fesel C, Cabral MS, da Silva MG, Porrata L, Markovic S, Pires AE, João C. Treatment with low doses of polyclonal immunoglobulin improves B cell function during immune reconstitution in a murine model. J Clin Immunol 2012; 33:407-19. [PMID: 23054339 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [corrected] After autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) the immunological B cell compartment recovers slowly. Delays on the recovery of B cell function after autologous stem cell transplantation are due to the low lymphocytes count and to their intrinsic dysfunction. METHODS We studied the in vivo B cell reconstitution after ASCT examining the independent effect of polyclonal IgG (PolyIg), Fab or Fc fragments infusions in a murine animal model during a period of 12 weeks. These molecules were used in low doses, mimicking the recommended use of IVIg in the case of hypogammaglobulinemia in humans. Flow cytometry analysis and ELISA tests were conducted to monitor the reconstitution of B cells and serum immunoglobulin production. Panama blot and PCA factor 1 analysis were used to study the kinetics of immunoglobulin repertoires reconstitution. Mechanistic studies were also performed using in vitro cell culture. RESULTS During follow-up after ASCT, peripheral B cells expand independently of treatment, correcting the immediate increase in sBAFF (soluble B cell activating factor) induced by previous intense myeloablation. Treatments with Fab and Fc fragments infusions promote significant IgM and IgG production comparing to control. Although the complete recovery of antibody repertoire is only achieved at the end of follow-up after ASCT, there is an earlier and significantly stronger recovery in the treated mice, which is evident at 9 weeks after ASCT. At 30 weeks after ASCT, normal values of antibody repertoire were detected in all individuals. Mechanistic studies show that Fab and Fc fragments promote IgG1 production by indirect pathways. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate that polyclonal immunoglobulin indirectly improves the function of the reconstituted B cells and their IgG production by means of Fc-mediated effects on bystander cells. These results further stimulate the discussion about the advantages of IVIg therapy during immune reconstitution after human ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barahona Afonso
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Garcia S, Freitas AA. Humanized mice: Current states and perspectives. Immunol Lett 2012; 146:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Ramentol-Sintas M, Martínez-Valle F, Solans-Laqué R. Churg-Strauss Syndrome: an evolving paradigm. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:235-40. [PMID: 22796280 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Churg-Strauss Syndrome is an ANCA-associated vasculitis, an inflammatory multisystem disease with preference to the respiratory tract. Peripheral and tissue eosinophilia are the pathological hallmarks of this condition. The etiopathogenesis is unknown but some cytokines appear to play a central role and could be targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramentol-Sintas
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall D'hebron Research Institute, Hospital Vall D'hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Abstract
Therapeutic agents capable of targeting tumor cells present as established tumors and micrometastases have already demonstrated their potential in clinical trials. Immunotoxins targeting hematological malignancies and solid tumors have additionally demonstrated excellent clinical activity. This review focuses on our design and characterization studies of constructs composed of recombinant gelonin toxin fused to either growth factors or single-chain antibodies targeting solid tumor cells, tumor vasculature or hematological malignancies. These agents demonstrate cytotoxicity at nanomolar or sub-nanomolar levels. All of these constructs display impressive selectivity and specificity for antigen-bearing target cells in vitro and in vivo and are excellent clinical trial candidates.
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25
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Boiocchi L, Witter RE, He B, Subramaniyam S, Mathew S, Nie K, Cerutti A, Coleman M, Knowles DM, Orazi A, Tam W. Composite chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and follicular lymphoma are biclonal lymphomas: a report of two cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 137:647-59. [PMID: 22431543 DOI: 10.1309/ajcphxo5ugw2oela] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite lymphomas (CLs) consisting of 2 indolent B-cell lymphomas are rare. We present 2 CL cases composed of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL), each with unique clinicopathologic features. In the first case, the FL was negative for IGH-BCL2 and harbored a novel IGH-associated translocation; in the second case, the CL manifested in the skin. The individual components in both CLs were derived from different B-cell clones. This is the first complete characterization, including molecular analysis, of CLs composed of leukemic CLL and FL and the first report of a cutaneous CL derived from 2 low-grade B cell lymphomas. Our results provide additional supporting evidence that CLs of indolent B-cell lymphomas are biclonal and suggest that they are pathogenetically different from CLs composed of a low-grade B-cell lymphoma and an aggressive B-cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma, which are usually clonally related.
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26
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Zhu J, Sun L, Lin S, Zhao R, Zhou L, Fang D, Chen L, Liu J, Shi W, Zhang L, Yuan S. BlyS is up-regulated by hypoxia and promotes migration of human breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:31. [PMID: 22463935 PMCID: PMC3349571 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) in the survival of malignant B cells and the maintenance of normal B cell development and homeostasis has been intensively studied in the literature. However, the influence of BLyS on breast cancer progression remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on BLyS regulation, cell migratory response to BLyS and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS In this study, we examined the role of BLyS in the migration of human breast cancer cells by transwell assay. We also explored whether BLyS and its receptors expressed in human breast cancer cell lines by immunofluorescence and Western Blotting. Then we detected the expression level of BLyS in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions by real time-PCR and Western Blotting. Pathways involved were confirmed by Western Blotting, immunofluorescence, transwell assay and luciferase assay. RESULTS According to our study, the expression level of BlyS was increased in human breast cancer cell lines in hypoxic conditions. Up-regulation of this protein led to activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B p65. We also found that the number of migrated cells was increased in the presence of BLyS and inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt attenuated the enhanced migratory response. CONCLUSIONS It suggested that better understanding of BLyS, an immunopotentiator, may offer a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human breast cancers. In addition, BLyS promoted breast cancer cells migration, underscoring the necessity of appropriate applications of immunopotentiators to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Sensen Lin
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Renping Zhao
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Fang
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wenting Shi
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Peoples Republic of China
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Meyer-Bahlburg A, Rawlings DJ. Differential impact of Toll-like receptor signaling on distinct B cell subpopulations. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2012; 17:1499-516. [PMID: 22201817 DOI: 10.2741/4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B cells exhibit a range of functional responses following TLR engagement including immunoglobulin and cytokine production, proliferation, antigen presentation and migration. However, B cell intrinsic TLR responses appear to be precisely programmed based upon the developmental stage of the cell. B cell subpopulations classified as innate immune cells including marginal zone and B-1 B cells exhibit robust responses to TLR stimulation. In contrast, activation of other B cell subsets is constrained via a variety of developmentally regulated events. In this review we provide an overview of TLR responses in murine and human B cells and specifically highlight patterns of TLR expression and developmentally regulated functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Germany.
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28
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Abe J, Ueha S, Yoneyama H, Shono Y, Kurachi M, Goto A, Fukayama M, Tomura M, Kakimi K, Matsushima K. B cells regulate antibody responses through the medullary remodeling of inflamed lymph nodes. Int Immunol 2011; 24:17-27. [PMID: 22190575 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) structure is remodeled during immune responses, a process which is considered to play an important role in the regulation of immune function. To date, little attention has been paid to the remodeling of the medullary region, despite its proposed role as a niche for antibody-producing plasma cells. Here, we show that B cells mediate medullary remodeling of antigen-draining LNs during inflammation. This process occurs with kinetics similar to changes in plasma cell number and is accompanied by stromal renetworking which manifests as the segregation of B cells and plasma cells. Medullary remodeling depends on signaling via the lymphotoxin-β receptor and the presence of B cells but occurs independently of T-dependent humoral responses or other immune cell subsets including T cells, monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, reconstitution of non-cognate polyclonal B cells in B cell-deficient mice restores not only the medullary remodeling but also the antibody response by separately transferred cognate B cells, suggesting that non-cognate B cells contribute to antibody responses through medullary remodeling. We propose that non-cognate B cells mediate the expansion of the plasma cell niche in LN through medullary remodeling, thereby regulating the size of the LN plasma cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Abe
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Nakaya HI, Li S, Pulendran B. Systems vaccinology: learning to compute the behavior of vaccine induced immunity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 4:193-205. [PMID: 22012654 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of systems biology is to access and integrate information about the parts (e.g., genes, proteins, cells) of a biological system with a view to computing and predicting the behavior of the system. The past decade has witnessed technological revolutions in the capacity to make high throughput measurements about the behavior of genes, proteins, and cells. Such technologies are widely used in biological research and in medicine, such as toward prognosis and therapy response prediction in cancer patients. More recently, systems biology is being applied to vaccinology, with the goal of: (1) understanding the mechanisms by which vaccines stimulate protective immunity, and (2) predicting the immunogenicity or efficacy of vaccines. Here, we review the recent advances in this area, and highlight the biological and computational challenges posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder I Nakaya
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Gordin M, Tesio M, Cohen S, Gore Y, Lantner F, Leng L, Bucala R, Shachar I. c-Met and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor regulate mature B cell survival in a pathway induced by CD74. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:2020-31. [PMID: 20639480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The signals regulating the survival of mature splenic B cells have become a major focus in recent studies of B cell immunology. Durable B cell persistence in the periphery is dependent on survival signals that are transduced by cell surface receptors. In this study, we describe a novel biological mechanism involved in mature B cell homeostasis, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway. We demonstrate that c-Met activation by HGF leads to a survival cascade, whereas its blockade results in induction of mature B cell death. Our results emphasize a unique and critical function for c-Met signaling in the previously described macrophage migration inhibitory factor/CD74-induced survival pathway. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor recruits c-Met to the CD74/CD44 complex and thereby enables the induction of a signaling cascade within the cell. This signal results in HGF secretion, which stimulates the survival of the mature B cell population in an autocrine manner. Thus, the CD74-HGF/c-Met axis defines a novel physiologic survival pathway in mature B cells, resulting in the control of the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gordin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Update on humanized mouse models and their use in biomedical research. RECENT FINDINGS The recent description of immunodeficient mice bearing a mutated IL-2 receptor gamma chain (IL2rgamma) facilitated greatly the engraftment and function of human hematolymphoid cells and other cells and tissues. These mice permit the development of human immune systems, including functional T and B cells, following engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The engrafted functional human immune systems are capable of T and B cell-dependent immune responses, antibody production, antiviral responses, and allograft rejection. Immunodeficient IL2rgamma(null) mice also support heightened engraftment of primary human cancers and malignant progenitor cells, permitting in-vivo investigation of pathogenesis and function. In addition, human-specific infectious agents for which animal models were previously unavailable can now be studied in vivo using these new-generation humanized mice. SUMMARY Immunodeficient mice bearing an IL2rgamma(null) mutated gene can be engrafted with functional human cells and tissues, including human immune systems, following engraftment with human hematolymphoid cells. These mice are now used as in-vivo models to study human hematopoiesis, immunity, regeneration, stem cell function, cancer, and human-specific infectious agents without putting patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Brehm
- Diabetes Division, 373 Plantation Street, Biotech 2, Suite 218, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Diabetes Division, 373 Plantation Street, Biotech 2, Suite 218, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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Jaiswal S, Pearson T, Friberg H, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Rothman AL, Mathew A. Dengue virus infection and virus-specific HLA-A2 restricted immune responses in humanized NOD-scid IL2rgammanull mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7251. [PMID: 19802382 PMCID: PMC2749937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of a suitable animal model to study viral and immunological mechanisms of human dengue disease has been a deterrent to dengue research. Methodology/Principal Findings We sought to establish an animal model for dengue virus (DENV) infection and immunity using non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain knockout (NOD-scid IL2rγnull) mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells. Human CD45+ cells in the bone marrow of engrafted mice were susceptible to in vitro infection using low passage clinical and established strains of DENV. Engrafted mice were infected with DENV type 2 by different routes and at multiple time points post infection, we detected DENV antigen and RNA in the sera, bone marrow, spleen and liver of infected engrafted mice. Anti-dengue IgM antibodies directed against the envelope protein of DENV peaked in the sera of mice at 1 week post infection. Human T cells that developed following engraftment of HLA-A2 transgenic NOD-scid IL2rγnull mice with HLA-A2+ human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells, were able to secrete IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in response to stimulation with three previously identified A2 restricted dengue peptides NS4b 2353(111–119), NS4b 2423(181–189), and NS4a 2148(56–64). Conclusions/Significance This is the first study to demonstrate infection of human cells and functional DENV-specific T cell responses in DENV-infected humanized mice. Overall, these mice should be a valuable tool to study the role of prior immunity on subsequent DENV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jaiswal
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Todd Pearson
- Diabetes Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather Friberg
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Diabetes Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan L. Rothman
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Khan WN. B cell receptor and BAFF receptor signaling regulation of B cell homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3561-7. [PMID: 19726767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0800933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte homeostasis depends on tonic and induced BCR signaling and receptors sensitive to trophic factors, such as B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R or BR3) during development and maintenance. This review will discuss growing evidence suggesting that the signaling mechanisms that maintain B cell survival and metabolic fitness during selection at transitional stages and survival after maturation rely on cross-talk between BCR and BR3 signaling. Recent findings have also begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk. In this review I also propose a model for regulating the amplitude of BCR signaling by a signal amplification loop downstream of the BCR involving Btk and NF-kappaB that may facilitate BCR-dependent B cell survival as well as its functional coupling to BR3 for the growth and survival of B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif N Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Learning immunology from the yellow fever vaccine: innate immunity to systems vaccinology. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:741-7. [PMID: 19763148 DOI: 10.1038/nri2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite their great success, we understand little about how effective vaccines stimulate protective immune responses. Two recent developments promise to yield such understanding: the appreciation of the crucial role of the innate immune system in sensing microorganisms and tuning immune responses, and advances in systems biology. Here I review how these developments are yielding insights into the mechanism of action of the yellow fever vaccine, one of the most successful vaccines ever developed, and the broader implications for vaccinology.
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Pahl MV, Gollapudi S, Sepassi L, Gollapudi P, Elahimehr R, Vaziri ND. Effect of end-stage renal disease on B-lymphocyte subpopulations, IL-7, BAFF and BAFF receptor expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:205-12. [PMID: 19684120 PMCID: PMC2796898 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) results in increased susceptibility to infections, impaired response to vaccination and diffuse B-cell lymphopenia. However, the precise nature and mechanism of ESRD-induced B-cell lymphopenia remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the distribution of major B-cell subsets, B-cell growth, differentiation and survival factors, IL-7 and BAFF, and their receptors in 21 haemodialysis patients and 21 controls. METHODS Innate B1 cells (CD19+, CD5+), conventional B2 cells (CD19+, CD5-), newly formed transitional B cells (CD19+, CD10+, CD27-), naïve B cells (CD19+, CD27-) and memory B cells (CD19+, CD27+) and BAFF receptor were quantified by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-7, BAFF, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The ESRD group exhibited significant reductions of all B-cell subpopulations except for transitional B cells that were less severely affected. No significant difference was found in B-cell apoptosis between the ESRD and control groups. Moreover, plasma IL-7 and BAFF levels were elevated in ESRD patients, therefore excluding their deficiencies as a possible culprit. However, BAFF receptor expression was significantly reduced in transitional but not mature B cells in the ESRD group. Interestingly, B-cell activation with the TLR9 agonist resulted in significantly greater production of IL-6 and TNF alpha but not IL-10 in the ESRD group. CONCLUSIONS Thus, despite elevation of B-cell growth, differentiation and survival factors, ESRD patients exhibited diffuse reduction of B-cell subpopulations. This was associated with the down-regulation of BAFF receptor in transitional B cells. The latter can, in part, contribute to B-cell lymphopenia by promoting resistance to the biological actions of BAFF that is a potent B-cell differentiation and survival factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine V Pahl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Oak JS, Chen J, Peralta RQ, Deane JA, Fruman DA. The p85β regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase has unique and redundant functions in B cells. Autoimmunity 2009; 42:447-58. [DOI: 10.1080/08916930902911746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bloom D, Chang Z, Pauly K, Kwun J, Fechner J, Hayes C, Samaniego M, Knechtle S. BAFF is increased in renal transplant patients following treatment with alemtuzumab. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1835-45. [PMID: 19522878 PMCID: PMC4876605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that depletes T and B cells and is used as induction therapy for renal transplant recipients. Without long-term calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy, alemtuzumab-treated patients have a propensity to develop alloantibody and may undergo antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). In pursuit of a mechanistic explanation, we analyzed peripheral B cells and serum of these patients for BAFF (Blys) and BAFF-R, factors known to be integral for B-cell activation, survival, and homeostasis. Serum BAFF levels of 22/24 alemtuzumab-treated patients were above normal range, with average levels of 1967 pg/mL compared to 775 pg/mL in healthy controls (p = 0.006). BAFF remained elevated 2 years posttransplant in 78% of these patients. BAFF-R on CD19(+) B cells was significantly downregulated, suggesting ligand/receptor engagement. BAFF mRNA expression was increased 2-7-fold in CD14(+) cells of depleted patients, possibly linking monocytes to the BAFF dysregulation. Addition of recombinant BAFF to mixed lymphocyte cultures increased B-cell activation to alloantigen, as measured by CD25 and CD69 coexpression on CD19(+) cells. Of note, addition of sirolimus (SRL) augmented BAFF-enhanced B-cell activation whereas CNIs blocked it. These data suggest associations between BAFF/BAFF-R and AMR in alemtuzumab-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bloom
- Department of Surgery, Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Public Health and Medicine, Madison, WI,Corresponding author: Debra Bloom,
| | - Z. Chang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Public Health and Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - K. Pauly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Public Health and Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - J. Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Fechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Public Health and Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - C. Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - M. Samaniego
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Public Health and Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - S. Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Mueller SN, Germain RN. Stromal cell contributions to the homeostasis and functionality of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:618-29. [PMID: 19644499 DOI: 10.1038/nri2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A defining characteristic of the immune system is the constant movement of many of its constituent cells through the secondary lymphoid tissues, mainly the spleen and lymph nodes, where crucial interactions that underlie homeostatic regulation, peripheral tolerance and the effective development of adaptive immune responses take place. What has only recently been recognized is the role that non-haematopoietic stromal elements have in many aspects of immune cell migration, activation and survival. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of lymphoid compartment stromal cells, examine their possible heterogeneity, discuss how these cells contribute to immune homeostasis and the efficient initiation of adaptive immune responses, and highlight how targeting of these elements by some pathogens can influence the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.
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Essential function for the GTPase TC21 in homeostatic antigen receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:880-8. [PMID: 19561613 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) and B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) transmit low-grade signals necessary for the survival and maintenance of mature cell pools. We show here that TC21, a small GTPase encoded by Rras2, interacted constitutively with both kinds of receptors. Expression of a dominant negative TC21 mutant in T cells produced a rapid decrease in cell viability, and Rras2(-/-) mice were lymphopenic, possibly as a result of diminished homeostatic proliferation and impaired T cell and B cell survival. In contrast, TC21 was overexpressed in several human lymphoid malignancies. Finally, the p110delta catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) was recruited to the TCR and BCR in a TC21-dependent way. Consequently, we propose TC21 directly links antigen receptors to PI(3)K-mediated survival pathways.
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O'Gorman GM, Park SDE, Hill EW, Meade KG, Coussens PM, Agaba M, Naessens J, Kemp SJ, MacHugh DE. Transcriptional profiling of cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense highlights gene expression signatures underlying trypanotolerance and trypanosusceptibility. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:207. [PMID: 19409086 PMCID: PMC2685408 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) caused by tsetse fly-transmitted protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma is a major constraint on livestock and agricultural production in Africa and is among the top ten global cattle diseases impacting on the poor. Here we show that a functional genomics approach can be used to identify temporal changes in host peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression due to disease progression. We also show that major gene expression differences exist between cattle from trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible breeds. Using bovine long oligonucleotide microarrays and real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) validation we analysed PBMC gene expression in naïve trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle experimentally challenged with Trypanosoma congolense across a 34-day infection time course. Results Trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle displayed a rapid and distinct transcriptional response to infection, with a ten-fold higher number of genes differentially expressed at day 14 post-infection compared to trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. These analyses identified coordinated temporal gene expression changes for both breeds in response to trypanosome infection. In addition, a panel of genes were identified that showed pronounced differences in gene expression between the two breeds, which may underlie the phenomena of trypanotolerance and trypanosusceptibility. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrate that the products of these genes may contribute to increased mitochondrial mRNA translational efficiency, a more pronounced B cell response, an elevated activation status and a heightened response to stress in trypanotolerant cattle. Conclusion This study has revealed an extensive and diverse range of cellular processes that are altered temporally in response to trypanosome infection in African cattle. Results indicate that the trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle respond more rapidly and with a greater magnitude to infection compared to the trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. Specifically, a subset of the genes analyzed by real time qRT-PCR, which display significant breed differences, could collectively contribute to the trypanotolerance trait in N'Dama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M O'Gorman
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Meyer-Bahlburg A, Bandaranayake AD, Andrews SF, Rawlings DJ. Reduced c-myc expression levels limit follicular mature B cell cycling in response to TLR signals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4065-75. [PMID: 19299704 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The splenic B cell compartment is comprised of two major, functionally distinct, mature B cell subsets, i.e., follicular mature (FM) and marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Whereas MZ B cells exhibit a robust proliferative response following stimulation with the TLR4 ligand LPS, FM B cells display markedly delayed and reduced levels of proliferation to the identical stimulus. The current study was designed to identify a potential mechanism(s) accounting for this differential responsiveness. In contrast to the delay in cell cycle entry, FM and MZ B cells exhibited nearly identical LPS-driven alterations in the expression level of cell surface activation markers. Furthermore, both the NF-kappaB and mTOR signaling cascades were similarly activated by LPS stimulation in FM vs MZ B cells, while inducible activation of ERK and AKT were nearly absent in both subsets. MZ B cells, however, exhibited higher basal levels of phospho-AKT and pS6, consistent with a preactivated status. Importantly, both basal and LPS activation-induced c-myc expression was markedly reduced in FM vs MZ B cells and enforced c-myc expression fully restored the defective proliferative response in FM B cells. These data support a model wherein TLR responses in FM B cells are tightly regulated by limiting c-myc levels, thereby providing an important checkpoint to control nonspecific FM B cell activation in the absence of cognate Ag.
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Querec TD, Akondy RS, Lee EK, Cao W, Nakaya HI, Teuwen D, Pirani A, Gernert K, Deng J, Marzolf B, Kennedy K, Wu H, Bennouna S, Oluoch H, Miller J, Vencio RZ, Mulligan M, Aderem A, Ahmed R, Pulendran B. Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans. Nat Immunol 2008; 10:116-125. [PMID: 19029902 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in vaccinology is to prospectively determine vaccine efficacy. Here we have used a systems biology approach to identify early gene 'signatures' that predicted immune responses in humans vaccinated with yellow fever vaccine YF-17D. Vaccination induced genes that regulate virus innate sensing and type I interferon production. Computational analyses identified a gene signature, including complement protein C1qB and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4-an orchestrator of the integrated stress response-that correlated with and predicted YF-17D CD8(+) T cell responses with up to 90% accuracy in an independent, blinded trial. A distinct signature, including B cell growth factor TNFRS17, predicted the neutralizing antibody response with up to 100% accuracy. These data highlight the utility of systems biology approaches in predicting vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Querec
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Rama S Akondy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Eva K Lee
- Center for Operations Research in Medicine & Healthcare, School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Dirk Teuwen
- Sanofi Pasteur, 2 avenue Pont Pasteur, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Ali Pirani
- BimCore, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kim Gernert
- BimCore, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Bruz Marzolf
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34 Street, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, USA
| | - Kathleen Kennedy
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34 Street, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, USA
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34 Street, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, USA
| | - Soumaya Bennouna
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Herold Oluoch
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Joseph Miller
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Ricardo Z Vencio
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34 Street, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, USA
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.,The Hope Clinic, 603 Church Street, Decatur, Georgia 30030, USA
| | - Alan Aderem
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34 Street, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Abstract
The first decade of the new millennium has been disappointing for transplant therapeutics: no new immunosuppression agents have been approved. Several high profile drugs and biologics failed the rigors of clinical trials or had disappointing preclinical results (FTY720, FK778, anti-CDI54, anti-IL15, anti-CD28, R3421). Several challenges face the industry and clinical investigators in bringing novel drugs to the clinic including the difficulty in targeting new endpoints for toxicities or chronic allograft disease since acute rejection has been reduced to below 15% as well as the Food and Drug Administration insistence of excluding the use of immunosuppression regimens embraced by the transplant community in control arms of clinical trials. Currently six new agents, 3 small molecules (ISA247, a semisynthetic analogue of cyclosporine; AEB071, a protein kinase C isoforms inhibitor; CP 690,550, a selective Janus kinase inhibitor) are in phase II trials and 3 biologics (belatacept, a second generation CTLA4Ig; efalizumab, a humanized antiCD11a [LFA1] monoclonal antibody; and alefacept, a LFA3-IgG1 fusion receptor protein) are in phase II/III clinical trials. The preclinical pipeline is not only full but promises to address previously neglected targets and fulfill unmet medical needs in transplant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vincenti
- University of California, San Francisco, Kidney Transplant Service, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Abstract
These studies investigate how interactions between the BCR and FcgammaRIIB affect B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) recep-tor expression and signaling. Previous studies showed that BCR ligation up-regulates BLyS binding capacity in mature B cells, reflecting increased BLyS receptor levels. Here we show that FcgammaRIIB coaggregation dampens BCR-induced BLyS receptor up-regulation. This cross-regulation requires BCR and FcgammaRIIB coligation, and optimal action relies on the Src-homology-2 (SH2)-containing inositol 5 phosphase-1 (SHIP1). Subsequent to FcgammaRIIB/BCR coaggregation, the survival promoting actions of BLyS are attenuated, reflecting reduced BLyS receptor signaling capacity in terms of Pim 2 maintenance, noncanonical NF-kappaB activation, and Bcl-xL levels. These findings link the negative regulatory functions of FcgammaRIIB with BLyS-mediated B-cell survival.
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Schmidt MR, Appel MC, Giassi LJ, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Woodland RT. Human BLyS facilitates engraftment of human PBL derived B cells in immunodeficient mice. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3192. [PMID: 18784835 PMCID: PMC2527131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of fully immunologically competent humanized mice engrafted with peripheral lymphocyte populations provides a model for in vivo testing of new vaccines, the durability of immunological memory and cancer therapies. This approach is limited, however, by the failure to efficiently engraft human B lymphocytes in immunodeficient mice. We hypothesized that this deficiency was due to the failure of the murine microenvironment to support human B cell survival. We report that while the human B lymphocyte survival factor, B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS/BAFF) enhances the survival of human B cells ex vivo, murine BLyS has no such protective effect. Although human B cells bound both human and murine BLyS, nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p52, an indication of the induction of a protective anti-apoptotic response, following stimulation with human BLyS was more robust than that induced with murine BLyS suggesting a fundamental disparity in BLyS receptor signaling. Efficient engraftment of both human B and T lymphocytes in NOD rag1−/− Prf1−/− immunodeficient mice treated with recombinant human BLyS is observed after adoptive transfer of human PBL relative to PBS treated controls. Human BLyS treated recipients had on average 40-fold higher levels of serum Ig than controls and mounted a de novo antibody response to the thymus-independent antigens in pneumovax vaccine. The data indicate that production of fully immunologically competent humanized mice from PBL can be markedly facilitated by providing human BLyS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn R Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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47
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BAFF activates Akt and Erk through BAFF-R in an IKK1-dependent manner in primary mouse B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12435-8. [PMID: 18713867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805460105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) signals through BAFF-R to promote mature B cell survival. Recent analyses of BAFF-induced signaling revealed direct association between augmented B cell metabolic fitness and activation of Akt, one of the key regulators of cell survival. The strongest and most reproducible induction of Akt occurs with significant delay (24 h) after BAFF treatment, where it precedes activation of anabolism. It was also recently shown that BAFF induces sustained Erk activation and increased turnover of the proapoptotic molecule Bim. Here we show that these BAFF-induced signaling pathways are mediated by BAFF-R and represent previously unknown arms of I kappa B kinase (IKK)1-dependent signaling. In combination with the known role of IKK1 in regulating transcription of prosurvival genes, our data underscore the central role of IKK1 in coordinating multiple BAFF-R-mediated signaling pathways controlling mature B cell homeostasis.
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48
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Li X, Su K, Ji C, Szalai AJ, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC. Immune opsonins modulate BLyS/BAFF release in a receptor-specific fashion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1012-8. [PMID: 18606652 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
TNF ligand superfamily member 13B (B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), B cell activating factor (BAFF)) promotes primary B cell proliferation and Ig production. While the soluble form of BLyS/BAFF is thought to be the primary biologically active form, little is known about the regulation of its cleavage and processing. We provide evidence that Fcgamma receptor cross-linking triggers a rapid release of soluble, biologically active BLyS/BAFF from myeloid cells. Surprisingly, this function is primarily mediated by FcgammaRI, but not FcgammaRIIa as defined by specific mAb, and can be initiated by both IgG and C reactive protein as ligands. The generation of a B cell proliferation and survival factor by both innate and adaptive immune opsonins through engagement of an Fcgamma receptor, which can also enhance Ag uptake and presentation, provides a unique opportunity to facilitate Ab production. These results provide a mechanism by which Fcgamma receptors can elevate circulating BLyS levels and promote autoantibody production in immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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49
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Tsuji M, Suzuki K, Kitamura H, Maruya M, Kinoshita K, Ivanov II, Itoh K, Littman DR, Fagarasan S. Requirement for lymphoid tissue-inducer cells in isolated follicle formation and T cell-independent immunoglobulin A generation in the gut. Immunity 2008; 29:261-71. [PMID: 18656387 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is generated in the gut by both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent processes. The sites and the mechanisms for T cell-independent IgA synthesis remain elusive. Here we show that isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) were sites where induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and IgA class switching of B cells took place in the absence of T cells. We also show that formation of ILFs was regulated by interactions between lymphoid tissue-inducer cells expressing the nuclear receptor ROR gamma t (ROR gamma t(+)LTi cells) and stromal cells (SCs). Activation of SCs by ROR gamma t(+)LTi cells through lymphotoxin (LT)-beta receptor (LT beta R) and simultaneously by bacteria through TLRs induced recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells and formation of ILFs. These findings provide insight into the crosstalk between bacteria, ROR gamma t(+)LTi cells, SCs, DCs, and B cells required for ILF formation and establish a critical role of ILFs in T cell-independent IgA synthesis in gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tsuji
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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50
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Langat DL, Wheaton DA, Platt JS, Sifers T, Hunt JS. Signaling pathways for B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in human placenta. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:1303-11. [PMID: 18403603 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis superfamily (TNFSF) contains two soluble ligands that are involved in B lymphocyte development, BAFF (B cell activating factor, BlyS, TALL-1, CD257, TNFSF13B) and APRIL (a proliferation inducing ligand, CD256, TNFSF13). These two ligands signal through three receptors: the exclusive BAFF receptor (BAFF-R, CD268, TNFRSF17) and two receptors that recognize both BAFF and APRIL, TACI (transmembrane-activator-1 and calcium-modulator- and cyclophilin ligand-interactor CD267, TNFRSF13B) and BCMA (B cell maturation antigen, CD269, TNFRSF13C). All but BAFF-R are known to be synthesized in term placentas. In this study, expression of the ligands and receptors were distinguished in two embryologically discrete subpopulations of placental cells, villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) cells and mesenchymal cells (MCs). Real-Time PCR showed that vCTB cells contain low levels of BAFF and APRIL transcripts whereas MCs contain high levels. Both Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry identified BAFF-R and BCMA mRNA and proteins in vCTB cells but essentially no TACI. By contrast, MCs contained readily detectable levels of all three receptors. These results illustrating potential autocrine and paracrine pathways for BAFF and APRIL signaling in human placentas suggest that lineage-specific regulation of placental cell viability, differentiation and/or other activities may be novel functions of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daudi L Langat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7400, USA
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