1
|
Wang FX, Shi ZA, Mu G. Regulation of immune cells by miR-451 and its potential as a biomarker in immune-related disorders: a mini review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1421473. [PMID: 39076992 PMCID: PMC11284029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1421473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2005, Altuvia and colleagues were the first to identify the gene that encodes miR-451 in the human pituitary gland, located in chromosome region 17q11.2. Subsequent studies have confirmed that miR-451 regulates various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils, thereby influencing disease progression. The range of immune-related diseases affected encompasses various cancers, lymphoblastic leukemia, and injuries to the lungs and spinal cord, among others. Moreover, miR-451 is produced by immune cells and can regulate both their own functions and those of other immune cells, thus creating a regulatory feedback loop. This article aims to comprehensively review the interactions between miR-451 and immune cells, clarify the regulatory roles of miR-451 within the immune system, and assess its potential as both a therapeutic target and a biomarker for immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-xiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zu-an Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Li S, Hu M, Yang Y, McCabe E, Zhang L, Withrow AM, Ting JPY, Liu R. Universal STING mimic boosts antitumour immunity via preferential activation of tumour control signalling pathways. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:856-866. [PMID: 38480836 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonists is due to various factors, primarily inefficient intracellular delivery, low/lack of endogenous STING expression in many tumours, and a complex balance between tumour control and progression. Here we report a universal STING mimic (uniSTING) based on a polymeric architecture. UniSTING activates STING signalling in a range of mouse and human cell types, independent of endogenous STING expression, and selectively stimulates tumour control IRF3/IFN-I pathways, but not tumour progression NF-κB pathways. Intratumoural or systemic injection of uniSTING-mRNA via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) results in potent antitumour efficacy across established and advanced metastatic tumour models, including triple-negative breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and orthotopic/metastatic liver malignancies. Furthermore, uniSTING displays an effective antitumour response superior to 2'3'-cGAMP and ADU-S100. By favouring IRF3/IFN-I activity over the proinflammatory NF-κB signalling pathway, uniSTING promotes dendritic cell maturation and antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Extracellular vesicles released from uniSTING-treated tumour cells further sensitize dendritic cells via exosome-containing miRNAs that reduced the immunosuppressive Wnt2b, and a combination of LNP-uniSTING-mRNA with α-Wnt2b antibodies synergistically inhibits tumour growth and prolongs animal survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate the LNP-mediated delivery of uniSTING-mRNA as a strategy to overcome the current STING therapeutic barriers, particularly for the treatment of multiple cancer types in which STING is downregulated or absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sirui Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mengying Hu
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ellie McCabe
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lillian Zhang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew M Withrow
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Xie Q, Chang S, Ai Y, Dong K, Zhang H. Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways. Vet Sci 2024; 11:139. [PMID: 38668407 PMCID: PMC11053969 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). MD has been primarily controlled by vaccinations. MD vaccine efficacy might, in part, be dependent on modulations of a complex set of factors including host epigenetic factors. This study was designed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the primary lymphoid organ, bursae of Fabricius, in response to MD vaccination followed by MDV challenge in two genetically divergent inbred lines of White Leghorns. Small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the small RNA sequence reads identified hundreds of miRNAs among all the treatment groups. A small portion of the identified miRNAs was differentially expressed within each of the four treatment groups, which were HVT or CVI988/Rispens vaccinated line 63-resistant birds and line 72-susceptible birds. A direct comparison between the resistant line 63 and susceptible line 72 groups vaccinated with HVT followed by MDV challenge identified five differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene Ontology analysis of the target genes of those five miRNAs revealed that those target genes, in addition to various GO terms, are involved in multiple signaling pathways including MAPK, TGF-β, ErbB, and EGFR1 signaling pathways. The general functions of those pathways reportedly play important roles in oncogenesis, anti-cancer immunity, cancer cell migration, and metastatic progression. Therefore, it is highly likely that those miRNAs may, in part, influence vaccine protection through the pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA;
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Yongxing Ai
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhao X, Wen Z, He Z, Chen C, Xu L. MiRNA-Based Therapies for Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges? Biomolecules 2023; 13:877. [PMID: 37371458 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, posing a serious health risk. Despite new advances in immune checkpoint and targeted therapies in recent years, the prognosis for lung cancer patients, especially those in advanced stages, remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate tumor development at multiple levels, and as such, miRNA mimics and molecules aimed at regulating miRNAs have shown promise in preclinical development. More importantly, miRNA-based therapies can also complement conventional chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies to reverse drug resistance and increase the sensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miRNA-based therapies have entered clinical trials and have shown favorable development prospects. Therefore, in this paper, we review recent advances in miRNA-based therapies in lung cancer treatment as well as adjuvant therapy and present the current state of clinical lung cancer treatment. We also discuss the challenges facing miRNA-based therapies in the clinical application of lung cancer treatment to provide new ideas for the development of novel lung cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Soochow University, Soochow 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Xu Z, Lu M, Ding W, Zhong J, Deng S, Li S, Miao J, Liu X, Wen Q, Ye S, Li C, Li H. Paeonol inhibits melanoma growth by targeting PD1 through upregulation of miR-139-5p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 656:86-96. [PMID: 36958259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal immune response mediated by malignant melanoma is related to PD1. Paeonol has pharmacological antitumor activity. Previous studies have indicated that paeonol induces tumor cell apoptosis, but its underlying mechanism in tumor immunity remains unknown. In this study, malignant melanoma was established in normal and thymectomized mice to determine the important role of the thymus in the antitumor effects of paeonol. Paeonol-treated thymocytes were cocultured with melanoma cell spheres to further evaluate the regulatory role of thymocytes in tumor immune dysfunction. Studies have shown that PD1 may be targeted by miR-139-5p. Our results revealed that tumor-induced thymic atrophy was significantly accompanied by high PD1 expression and low miR-139-5p expression. Interestingly, paeonol significantly reversed thymic atrophy and largely protected thymocytes against low PD1 expression and high miR-139-5p expression. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that miR-139-5p interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PD1. These results showed that paeonol alleviates PD1-mediated antitumor immunity by reducing miR-139-5p expression and demonstrated a novel mechanism for melanoma immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Suihui Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Siyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jifei Miao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Quan Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Sen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Chun Li
- School of Nursing Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Traber GM, Yu AM. RNAi-Based Therapeutics and Novel RNA Bioengineering Technologies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:133-154. [PMID: 35680378 PMCID: PMC9827509 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) provides researchers with a versatile means to modulate target gene expression. The major forms of RNAi molecules, genome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and exogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), converge into RNA-induced silencing complexes to achieve posttranscriptional gene regulation. RNAi has proven to be an adaptable and powerful therapeutic strategy where advancements in chemistry and pharmaceutics continue to bring RNAi-based drugs into the clinic. With four siRNA medications already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), several RNAi-based therapeutics continue to advance to clinical trials with functions that closely resemble their endogenous counterparts. Although intended to enhance stability and improve efficacy, chemical modifications may increase risk of off-target effects by altering RNA structure, folding, and biologic activity away from their natural equivalents. Novel technologies in development today seek to use intact cells to yield true biologic RNAi agents that better represent the structures, stabilities, activities, and safety profiles of natural RNA molecules. In this review, we provide an examination of the mechanisms of action of endogenous miRNAs and exogenous siRNAs, the physiologic and pharmacokinetic barriers to therapeutic RNA delivery, and a summary of the chemical modifications and delivery platforms in use. We overview the pharmacology of the four FDA-approved siRNA medications (patisiran, givosiran, lumasiran, and inclisiran) as well as five siRNAs and several miRNA-based therapeutics currently in clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss the direct expression and stable carrier-based, in vivo production of novel biologic RNAi agents for research and development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In our review, we summarize the major concepts of RNA interference (RNAi), molecular mechanisms, and current state and challenges of RNAi drug development. We focus our discussion on the pharmacology of US Food and Drug Administration-approved RNAi medications and those siRNAs and miRNA-based therapeutics that entered the clinical investigations. Novel approaches to producing new true biological RNAi molecules for research and development are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kousar K, Ahmad T, Abduh MS, Kanwal B, Shah SS, Naseer F, Anjum S. miRNAs in Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment, Chemotherapy Resistance, Immunotherapy Modulation and miRNA Therapeutics in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213822. [PMID: 36430305 PMCID: PMC9699074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are 20-22 long nucleotide non-coding ribonucleic acid molecules critical to the modulation of molecular pathways. Immune evasion and the establishment of a suitable tumor microenvironment are two major contributors that support tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumorigenic miRNAs support these two hallmarks by desensitizing important tumor-sensitive regulatory cells such as dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and T helper cells towards tumors while supporting infiltration and proliferation of immune cells like Treg cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages that promote self-tolerance and chronic inflammation. miRNAs have a significant role in enhancing the efficacies of immunotherapy treatments like checkpoint blockade therapy, adoptive T cell therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy in cancer. A clear understanding of the role of miRNA can help scientists to formulate better-targeted treatment modalities. miRNA therapeutics have emerged as diverse class of nucleic acid-based molecules that can suppress oncogenic miRNAs and promote the expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Maisa S. Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balquees Kanwal
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saba Shah
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang WW, Bauer KM, Barba C, Ekiz HA, O’Connell RM. miR-aculous new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929677. [PMID: 36248881 PMCID: PMC9554277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising toll of cancer globally necessitates ingenuity in early detection and therapy. In the last decade, the utilization of immune signatures and immune-based therapies has made significant progress in the clinic; however, clinical standards leave many current and future patients without options. Non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs, have been explored in pre-clinical contexts with tremendous success. MicroRNAs play indispensable roles in programming the interactions between immune and cancer cells, many of which are current or potential immunotherapy targets. MicroRNAs mechanistically control a network of target genes that can alter immune and cancer cell biology. These insights provide us with opportunities and tools that may complement and improve immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss immune and cancer cell-derived miRNAs that regulate cancer immunity and examine miRNAs as an integral part of cancer diagnosis, classification, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W. Tang
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kaylyn M. Bauer
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cindy Barba
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Huseyin Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ryan M. O’Connell
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diener C, Keller A, Meese E. Emerging concepts of miRNA therapeutics: from cells to clinic. Trends Genet 2022; 38:613-626. [PMID: 35303998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are very powerful genetic regulators, as evidenced by the fact that a single miRNA can direct entire cellular pathways via interacting with a broad spectrum of target genes. This property renders miRNAs as highly interesting therapeutic tools to restore cell functions that are altered as part of a disease phenotype. However, this strength of miRNAs is also a weakness because their cellular effects are so numerous that off-target effects can hardly be avoided. In this review, we point out the main challenges and the strategies to specifically address the problems that need to be surmounted in the push toward a therapeutic application of miRNAs. Particular emphasis is given to approaches that have already found their way into clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Center for Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Z, Huang Q, Yu L, Zhu D, Li Y, Xue Z, Hua Z, Luo X, Song Z, Lu C, Zhao T, Liu Y. The Role of miRNA in Tumor Immune Escape and miRNA-Based Therapeutic Strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 12:807895. [PMID: 35116035 PMCID: PMC8803638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.807895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is a critical step in the malignant progression of tumors and one of the major barriers to immunotherapy, making immunotherapy the most promising therapeutic approach against tumors today. Tumor cells evade immune surveillance by altering the structure of their own, or by causing abnormal gene and protein expression, allowing for unrestricted development and invasion. These genetic or epigenetic changes have been linked to microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important determinants of post-transcriptional regulation. Tumor cells perform tumor immune escape by abnormally expressing related miRNAs, which reduce the killing effect of immune cells, disrupt the immune response, and disrupt apoptotic pathways. Consequently, there is a strong trend toward thoroughly investigating the role of miRNAs in tumor immune escape and utilizing them in tumor treatment. However, because of the properties of miRNAs, there is an urgent need for a safe, targeted and easily crossed biofilm vehicle to protect and deliver them in vivo, and exosomes, with their excellent biological properties, have successfully beaten traditional vehicles to provide strong support for miRNA therapy. This review summarizes the multiple roles of miRNAs in tumor immune escape and discusses their potential applications as an anti-tumor therapy. Also, this work proposes exosomes as a new opportunity for miRNA therapy, to provide novel ideas for the development of more effective tumor-fighting therapeutic approaches based on miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjia Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyan Liu, ; Cheng Lu, ; Ting Zhao,
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyan Liu, ; Cheng Lu, ; Ting Zhao,
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyan Liu, ; Cheng Lu, ; Ting Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diener C, Hart M, Kehl T, Rheinheimer S, Ludwig N, Krammes L, Pawusch S, Lenhof K, Tänzer T, Schub D, Sester M, Walch-Rückheim B, Keller A, Lenhof HP, Meese E. Quantitative and time-resolved miRNA pattern of early human T cell activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10164-10183. [PMID: 32990751 PMCID: PMC7544210 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are central to the immune response against various pathogens and cancer cells. Complex networks of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs), coordinate the T cell activation process. Available miRNA datasets, however, do not sufficiently dissolve the dynamic changes of miRNA controlled networks upon T cell activation. Here, we established a quantitative and time-resolved expression pattern for the entire miRNome over a period of 24 h upon human T-cell activation. Based on our time-resolved datasets, we identified central miRNAs and specified common miRNA expression profiles. We found the most prominent quantitative expression changes for miR-155-5p with a range from initially 40 molecules/cell to 1600 molecules/cell upon T-cell activation. We established a comprehensive dynamic regulatory network of both the up- and downstream regulation of miR-155. Upstream, we highlight IRF4 and its complexes with SPI1 and BATF as central for the transcriptional regulation of miR-155. Downstream of miR-155-5p, we verified 17 of its target genes by the time-resolved data recorded after T cell activation. Our data provide comprehensive insights into the range of stimulus induced miRNA abundance changes and lay the ground to identify efficient points of intervention for modifying the T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Pawusch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Tänzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - David Schub
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He B, Zhao Z, Cai Q, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Shi S, Xie H, Peng X, Yin W, Tao Y, Wang X. miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2628-2647. [PMID: 32792861 PMCID: PMC7415433 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of about 22 nucleotides in size, play important roles in gene regulation, and their dysregulation is implicated in human diseases including cancer. A variety of miRNAs could take roles in the cancer progression, participate in the process of tumor immune, and function with miRNA sponges. During the last two decades, the connection between miRNAs and various cancers has been widely researched. Based on evidence about miRNA, numerous potential cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis have been put forward, providing a new perspective on cancer screening. Besides, there are several miRNA-based therapies among different cancers being conducted, advanced treatments such as the combination of synergistic strategies and the use of complementary miRNAs provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients potentially. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that many miRNAs are engaged in the resistance of cancer therapies with their complex underlying regulatory mechanisms, whose comprehensive cognition can help clinicians and improve patient prognosis. With the belief that studies about miRNAs in human cancer would have great clinical implications, we attempt to summarize the current situation and potential development prospects in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Zhou S, Liu H, Meng Q, Ma X, Liu H, Wang L, Jiang W. ncRI: a manually curated database for experimentally validated non-coding RNAs in inflammation. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:380. [PMID: 32487016 PMCID: PMC7268337 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been considered to be central to the onset, progression, and outcome of infectious diseases, especially as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, have emerged as vital regulators in control of immune and inflammatory processes, and also play important roles in the inflammatory disease and immunotherapy. RESULTS In this study, we presented a database ncRI, which documented experimentally verified ncRNAs in inflammatory diseases, from published articles. Each entry contained the detailed information about ncRNA name, inflammatory diseases, mechanism, experimental techniques (e.g., microarray, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR), experimental samples (cell line and/or tissue), expression patterns of ncRNA (up-regulated or down-regulated), reference information (PubMed ID, year of publication, title of paper) and so on. Collectively, ncRI recorded 11,166 entries that include 1976 miRNAs, 1377 lncRNAs and 107 other ncRNAs across 3 species (human, mouse, and rat) from more than 2000 articles. All these data are free for users to search, browse and download. CONCLUSION In summary, the presented database ncRI provides a relatively comprehensive credible repository about ncRNAs and their roles in inflammatory diseases, and will be helpful for research on immunotherapy. The ncRI is now freely available to all users at http://www.jianglab.cn/ncRI/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shunheng Zhou
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Qianqian Meng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo X, Cui H, Cai L, Zhu W, Yang WC, Patrick M, Zhu S, Huang J, Yao X, Yao Y, He Y, Ji Y. Selection of a Clinical Lead TCR Targeting Alpha-Fetoprotein-Positive Liver Cancer Based on a Balance of Risk and Benefit. Front Immunol 2020; 11:623. [PMID: 32425926 PMCID: PMC7203609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), an established clinical biomarker of HCC, has been employed as an attractive target for T cell-based immunotherapy against this disease given its high expression in the tumor and restricted expression in normal tissues. We have identified a number of T cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing the HLA-A*02:01 restricted AFP158-166 peptide FMNKFIYEI, providing a TCR candidate pool for identifying TCRs with optimal clinical benefit. To select the ideal AFP TCR for clinical use, we evaluated the efficacy and safety profile of 7 TCRs by testing their potency toward AFP-expressing HCC cells and their specificity based upon reactivity to normal and transformed cells covering a wide variety of primary cell types and HLA serotypes. Furthermore, we assessed their cross-reactivity to potential protein candidates in the human genome by an extensive alanine scan (X-scan). We first selected three TCR candidates based on the in vitro anti-tumor activity. Next we eliminated two potential cross-reactive TCRs based on their reactivity against normal and transformed cells covering a variety of primary cell types and HLA serotypes, respectively. We then excluded the potential cross-reactivity of the selected TCR with a protein candidate identified by X-scan. At present we have selected an AFP TCR with the optimal affinity, function, and safety profile, bearing properties that are expected to allow AFP TCR redirected T cells to specifically differentiate between AFP levels on tumor and normal tissues. An early phase clinical trial using T cells transduced with this TCR to treat HCC patients (NCT03971747) has been initiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Luo
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Lun Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- CodexSage LLC., Germantown, MD, United States
| | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Michael Patrick
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Shigui Zhu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Xin Yao
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Yao
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yun Ji
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Wu H, Zhao M, Chang C, Lu Q. Clinical significance of miRNAs in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 109:102438. [PMID: 32184036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionally conserved, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by disrupting translation. MiRNAs are key players in variety of biological processes that regulate the differentiation, development and activation of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. The disruption and dysfunction of miRNAs can perturb the immune response, stimulate the release of inflammatory cytokines and initiate the production of autoantibodies, and contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating studies demonstrate that miRNAs, which can be collected by noninvasive methods, have the potential to be developed as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, the discovery and validation of which is essential for the improvement of disease diagnosis and clinical monitoring. Recently, with the development of detection tools, such as microarrays and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), large amounts of miRNAs have been identified and suggest a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Several miRNAs associated diagnostic biomarkers have been developed and applied clinically, though the pharmaceutical industry is still facing challenges in commercialization and drug delivery. The development of miRNAs is less advanced for autoimmune diseases compared with cancer. However, drugs that target miRNAs have been introduced as candidates and adopted in clinical trials. This review comprehensively summarizes the differentially expressed miRNAs in several types of autoimmune diseases and discusses the role and the significance of miRNAs in clinical management. The study of miRNAs in autoimmunity promises to provide novel and broad diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for a clinical market that is still in its infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical, Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
To KKW, Fong W, Tong CWS, Wu M, Yan W, Cho WCS. Advances in the discovery of microRNA-based anticancer therapeutics: latest tools and developments. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:63-83. [PMID: 31739699 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1690449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that repress the expression of their target genes by reducing mRNA stability and/or inhibiting translation. miRNAs are known to be aberrantly regulated in cancers. Modulators of miRNA (mimics and antagonists) have emerged as novel therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.Areas covered: This review summarizes the various strategies that have been applied to correct the dysregulated miRNA in cancer cells. The authors also discuss the recent advances in the technical development and preclinical/clinical evaluation of miRNA-based therapeutic agents.Expert opinion: Application of miRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment is appealing because they are able to modulate multiple dysregulated genes and/or signaling pathways in cancer cells. Major obstacles hindering their clinical development include drug delivery, off-target effects, efficacious dose determination, and safety. Tumor site-specific delivery of novel miRNA therapeutics may help to minimize off-target effects and toxicity. Combination of miRNA therapeutics with other anticancer treatment modalities could provide a synergistic effect, thus allowing the use of lower dose, minimizing off-target effects, and improving the overall safety profile in cancer patients. It is critical to identify individual miRNAs with cancer type-specific and context-specific regulation of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in order to facilitate the precise use of miRNA anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie Fong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christy W S Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Colamatteo A, Micillo T, Bruzzaniti S, Fusco C, Garavelli S, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Spagnuolo MI, Di Rella F, Puca AA, de Candia P, Matarese G. Metabolism and Autoimmune Responses: The microRNA Connection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1969. [PMID: 31555261 PMCID: PMC6722206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic pathways are known to regulate growth, differentiation, survival, and activation of immune cells by providing energy and specific biosynthetic precursors. Compelling experimental evidence demonstrates that effector T cell functions are coupled with profound changes in cellular metabolism. Importantly, the effector T cell-dependent “anti-self” response characterizing the autoimmune diseases is accompanied by significant metabolic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that affect gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs, are now known to regulate multiple functions of effector T cells, including the strength of their activation, thus contributing to immune homeostasis. In this review, we will examine the most recent studies that describe miRNA direct involvement in the metabolic reprogramming that marks effector T cell functions. In particular, we will focus on the work showing a connection between miRNA regulatory function and the molecular network dysregulation that leads to metabolic pathway derangement in autoimmunity. Finally, we will also speculate on the possibility that the interplay between miRNAs and metabolism in T cells may help identify novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies to treat effector T cell immunometabolic alterations in pathological conditions such as autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Unità di Neuroimmunologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Dipartimento di Senologia, Oncologia Medica, IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amini L, Vollmer T, Wendering DJ, Jurisch A, Landwehr-Kenzel S, Otto NM, Jürchott K, Volk HD, Reinke P, Schmueck-Henneresse M. Comprehensive Characterization of a Next-Generation Antiviral T-Cell Product and Feasibility for Application in Immunosuppressed Transplant Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1148. [PMID: 31191530 PMCID: PMC6546853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have a major impact on morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressed solid organ transplant (SOT) patients because of missing or failure of adequate pharmacologic antiviral treatment. Adoptive antiviral T-cell therapy (AVTT), regenerating disturbed endogenous T-cell immunity, emerged as an attractive alternative approach to combat severe viral complications in immunocompromised patients. AVTT is successful in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation where T-cell products (TCPs) are manufactured from healthy donors. In contrast, in the SOT setting TCPs are derived from/applied back to immunosuppressed patients. We and others demonstrated feasibility of TCP generation from SOT patients and first clinical proof-of-concept trials revealing promising data. However, the initial efficacy is frequently lost long-term, because of limited survival of transferred short-lived T-cells indicating a need for next-generation TCPs. Our recent data suggest that Rapamycin treatment during TCP manufacture, conferring partial inhibition of mTOR, might improve its composition. The aim of this study was to confirm these promising observations in a setting closer to clinical challenges and to deeply characterize the next-generation TCPs. Using cytomegalovirus (CMV) as model, our next-generation Rapamycin-treated (Rapa-)TCP showed consistently increased proportions of CD4+ T-cells as well as CD4+ and CD8+ central-memory T-cells (TCM). In addition, Rapamycin sustained T-cell function despite withdrawal of Rapamycin, showed superior T-cell viability and resistance to apoptosis, stable metabolism upon activation, preferential expansion of TCM, partial conversion of other memory T-cell subsets to TCM and increased clonal diversity. On transcriptome level, we observed a gene expression profile denoting long-lived early memory T-cells with potent effector functions. Furthermore, we successfully applied the novel protocol for the generation of Rapa-TCPs to 19/19 SOT patients in a comparative study, irrespective of their history of CMV reactivation. Moreover, comparison of paired TCPs generated before/after transplantation did not reveal inferiority of the latter despite exposition to maintenance immunosuppression post-SOT. Our data imply that the Rapa-TCPs, exhibiting longevity and sustained T-cell memory, are a reasonable treatment option for SOT patients. Based on our success to manufacture Rapa-TCPs from SOT patients under maintenance immunosuppression, now, we seek ultimate clinical proof of efficacy in a clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amini
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tino Vollmer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Desiree J Wendering
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Jurisch
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Maureen Otto
- Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Renal and Transplant Research Unit, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ji Y, Fioravanti J, Zhu W, Wang H, Wu T, Hu J, Lacey NE, Gautam S, Le Gall JB, Yang X, Hocker JD, Escobar TM, He S, Dell'Orso S, Hawk NV, Kapoor V, Telford WG, Di Croce L, Muljo SA, Zhang Y, Sartorelli V, Gattinoni L. miR-155 harnesses Phf19 to potentiate cancer immunotherapy through epigenetic reprogramming of CD8 + T cell fate. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2157. [PMID: 31089138 PMCID: PMC6517388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell senescence and exhaustion are major barriers to successful cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that miR-155 increases CD8+ T cell antitumor function by restraining T cell senescence and functional exhaustion through epigenetic silencing of drivers of terminal differentiation. miR-155 enhances Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) activity indirectly by promoting the expression of the PRC2-associated factor Phf19 through downregulation of the Akt inhibitor, Ship1. Phf19 orchestrates a transcriptional program extensively shared with miR-155 to restrain T cell senescence and sustain CD8+ T cell antitumor responses. These effects rely on Phf19 histone-binding capacity, which is critical for the recruitment of PRC2 to the target chromatin. These findings establish the miR-155–Phf19–PRC2 as a pivotal axis regulating CD8+ T cell differentiation, thereby paving new ways for potentiating cancer immunotherapy through epigenetic reprogramming of CD8+ T cell fate. The inability of T cells to properly mount anti-tumour immunity underlies failed cancer immune surveillance or therapy. Here the authors show that a microRNA, miR-155, suppresses Ship1 phosphatase expression to modulate epigenetic reprogramming of CD8 T cell differentiation via the Phf19/PRC2 axis, thereby implicating a novel aspect of cancer immunity regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA.
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Fairfax, VA, 22031, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neal E Lacey
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sanjivan Gautam
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John B Le Gall
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James D Hocker
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thelma M Escobar
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nga V Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William G Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martinez-Usatorre A, Sempere LF, Carmona SJ, Carretero-Iglesia L, Monnot G, Speiser DE, Rufer N, Donda A, Zehn D, Jandus C, Romero P. MicroRNA-155 Expression Is Enhanced by T-cell Receptor Stimulation Strength and Correlates with Improved Tumor Control in Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1013-1024. [PMID: 31043416 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate protein expression posttranscriptionally. We previously showed that miR-155 promotes effector CD8+ T-cell responses. However, little is known about the regulation of miR-155 expression. Here, we report that antigen affinity and dose determine miR-155 expression in CD8+ T cells. In B16 tumors expressing a low-affinity antigen ligand, tumor-specific infiltrating CD8+ T cells showed variable miR-155 expression, whereby high miR-155 expression was associated with more cytokine-producing cells and tumor control. Moreover, anti-PD-1 treatment led to both increased miR-155 expression and tumor control by specific CD8+ T cells. In addition, miR-155 overexpression enhanced exhausted CD8+ T-cell persistence in the LCMV cl13 chronic viral infection model. In agreement with these observations in mouse models, miR-155 expression in human effector memory CD8+ T cells positively correlated with their frequencies in tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes of melanoma patients. Low miR-155 target gene signature in tumors was associated with prolonged overall survival in melanoma patients. Altogether, these results raise the possibility that high miR-155 expression in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells may be a surrogate marker of the relative potency of in situ antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Department of Radiology, Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laura Carretero-Iglesia
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gwennaëlle Monnot
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alena Donda
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
He W, Xu J, Huang Z, Zhang J, Dong L. MiRNAs in cancer therapy: focusing on their bi-directional roles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Maimela NR, Liu S, Zhang Y. Fates of CD8+ T cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:1-13. [PMID: 30581539 PMCID: PMC6297055 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported a positive correlation between elevated CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and good prognosis in cancer. However, the mechanisms linking T cell tumor-infiltration and tumor rejection are yet to be fully understood. The cells and factors of the TME facilitate tumor development in various ways. CD8+ T cell function is influenced by a number of factors, including CD8+ T cell trafficking and localization into tumor sites; as well as CD8+ T cell growth and differentiation. This review highlights recent literature as well as currently evolving concepts regarding the fates of CD8+ T cells in the TME from three different aspects CD8+ T cell trafficking, differentiation and function. A thorough understanding of factors contributing to the fates of CD8+ T cells will allow researchers to develop new strategies and improve on already existing strategies to facilitate CD8+ T cell mediated anti-tumor function, impede T cell dysfunction and modulate the TME into a less immunosuppressive TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zitzer NC, Snyder K, Meng X, Taylor PA, Efebera YA, Devine SM, Blazar BR, Garzon R, Ranganathan P. MicroRNA-155 Modulates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Impacting T Cell Expansion, Migration, and Effector Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:4170-4179. [PMID: 29720426 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is a small noncoding RNA critical for the regulation of inflammation as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. MiR-155 has been shown to be dysregulated in both donor and recipient immune cells during acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). We previously reported that miR-155 is upregulated in donor T cells of mice and humans with aGVHD and that mice receiving miR-155-deficient (miR155-/-) splenocytes had markedly reduced aGVHD. However, molecular mechanisms by which miR-155 modulates T cell function in aGVHD have not been fully investigated. We identify that miR-155 expression in both donor CD8+ T cells and conventional CD4+ CD25- T cells is pivotal for aGVHD pathogenesis. Using murine aGVHD transplant experiments, we show that miR-155 strongly impacts alloreactive T cell expansion through multiple distinct mechanisms, modulating proliferation in CD8+ donor T cells and promoting exhaustion in donor CD4+ T cells in both the spleen and colon. Additionally, miR-155 drives a proinflammatory Th1 phenotype in donor T cells in these two sites, and miR-155-/- donor T cells are polarized toward an IL-4-producing Th2 phenotype. We further demonstrate that miR-155 expression in donor T cells regulates CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine-dependent migration. Notably, we show that miR-155 expression is crucial for donor T cell infiltration into multiple target organs. These findings provide further understanding of the role of miR-155 in modulating aGVHD through T cell expansion, effector cytokine production, and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Zitzer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Katiri Snyder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiamoei Meng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Patricia A Taylor
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Yvonne A Efebera
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven M Devine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Inácio DP, Amado T, Silva-Santos B, Gomes AQ. Control of T cell effector functions by miRNAs. Cancer Lett 2018; 427:63-73. [PMID: 29679611 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of effector T cells is a tightly regulated process that relies on the selective expression of lineage-defining master regulators that orchestrate unique transcriptional programs, including the production of distinct sets of effector cytokines. miRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators that are now viewed as critical players in these gene expression networks and help defining cell identity and function. This review summarises the role of individual miRNAs in the regulation of the differentiation of effector T cell subsets, including CD4+ T helper cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and innate-like NKT cells. Moreover, we refer to miRNAs that have been identified to affect simultaneously two or more effector T cell populations, impacting on the balance between effector T cells in vivo, thus constituting potential biomarkers or targets for therapies aiming at boosting immunity or controlling autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Inácio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Amado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anita Q Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li LY, Hwang I. Crucial role of miR-31 in induction of CD8 + T-cell exhaustion and reinforcement of type 1 interferon signaling. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:651-653. [PMID: 29176744 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ying Li
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daekak-ro Yuseong-gu, 34134, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daekak-ro Yuseong-gu, 34134, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao J, Chen C, Gao Y, Hu L, Liang Y, Xiao J. Identification of a protein associated with the activity of cytokine-induced killer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6937-6942. [PMID: 29163711 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) adoptive immunotherapy for efficient antitumor ability is used clinically, but details regarding the proteins associated with CIK activity remain unclear. In the current study, the cytotoxicity of CIKs on hepatoma was identified to be significantly downregulated by 1.61-fold following gentamincin treatment. Further research revealed that a differentially expressed protein (P43) was significantly downregulated by 1.22-fold using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. Of these, the P43 was identified as human haptoglobin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Western blotting demonstrated that the haptoglobin specifically reacted with rabbit anti-human-haptoglobin. Furthermore, western blotting results verified that the haptoglobin was significantly downregulated by 1.17-fold compared with the control group. In addition, the expression of haptoglobin mRNA was significantly downregulated by 1.73-fold following gentamincin treatment. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of haptoglobin protein was associated with the activity of CIKs, and the results will be beneficial to the further investigation of CIK activity-enhancement mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Cao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Laboratory Department, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Gao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang L, Lin J, Ye Y, Oba T, Gentile E, Lian J, Wang J, Zhao Y, Gu J, Wistuba II, Roth JA, Ji L, Wu X. Serum MicroRNA-150 Predicts Prognosis for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation by Targeting Tumor Suppressor Gene SRCIN1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:1061-1073. [PMID: 28891208 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This integrative multistage study was aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as prognostic biomarkers and investigate the treatment target for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In stage I-II NSCLC patients, we screened and validated the miRNA ratio signatures predictive of prognosis in serum. In tumor, we found that the expression of miR-150 in identified miRNA signatures was also associated with survival. Increased miR-150 expression promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and migration and vice versa. Specific mRNA cleavage sites targeted by endogenous miR-150 in 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SRCIN1 was identified by utilizing our recently developed novel Stem-Loop-Array reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (SLA-RT-PCR) assay. The blocking action of miR-150 resulted in repressed NSCLC cell growth in vitro and knockdown of miR-150 caused substantial tumor volume reduction in vivo. Our findings suggest that miR-150 binding on specific recognition sites in 3' UTR of tumor suppressor gene SRCIN1 present a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Taro Oba
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eichmüller SB, Osen W, Mandelboim O, Seliger B. Immune Modulatory microRNAs Involved in Tumor Attack and Tumor Immune Escape. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3105955. [PMID: 28383653 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies against cancer utilize the patient's immune system for tumor eradication. However, tumor cells can evade immune surveillance of CD8+ T and/or natural killer (NK) cells by various strategies. These include the aberrant expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens, co-inhibitory or costimulatory molecules, and components of the interferon (IFN) signal transduction pathway. In addition, alterations of the tumor microenvironment could interfere with efficient antitumor immune responses by downregulating or inhibiting the frequency and/or functional activity of immune effector cells and professional antigen-presenting cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as major players in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, thereby controlling many physiological and also pathophysiological processes including neoplastic transformation. Indeed, the cellular miRNA expression pattern is frequently altered in many tumors of distinct origin, demonstrating the tumor suppressive or oncogenic potential of miRNAs. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that miRNAs could also influence antitumor immune responses by affecting the expression of immune modulatory molecules in tumor and immune cells. Apart from their important role in tumor immune escape and altered tumor-host interaction, immune modulatory miRNAs often exert neoplastic properties, thus representing promising targets for future combined immunotherapy approaches. This review focuses on the characterization of miRNAs involved in the regulation of immune surveillance or immune escape of tumors and their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ye SB, Zhang H, Cai TT, Liu YN, Ni JJ, He J, Peng JY, Chen QY, Mo HY, Jun-Cui, Zhang XS, Zeng YX, Li J. Exosomal miR-24-3p impedes T-cell function by targeting FGF11 and serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Pathol 2017; 240:329-340. [PMID: 27538493 DOI: 10.1002/path.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that extracellular microRNAs are not only potential biomarkers but are also involved in cell interactions to regulate the intercommunication between cancer cells and their microenvironments in various types of malignancies. In this study, we isolated exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and patient sera (T-EXOs), or control NP69 cells and healthy donor sera (HD-EXOs). We found that miR-24-3p was markedly enriched in T-EXOs as compared with HD-EXOs; the serum exosomal miR-24-3p level was correlated with worse disease-free survival of patients (p < 0.05). Knockdown of exosomal miR-24-3p (miR-24-3p-sponge-T-EXOs) by a sponge RNA targeting miR-24-3p restored the T-EXO-mediated (control-sponge-T-EXO) inhibition of T-cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistic analyses revealed that administration of exosomal miR-24-3p increased P-ERK, P-STAT1 and P-STAT3 expression while decreasing P-STAT5 expression during T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, by in vivo and in vitro assessments, we found FGF11 to be a direct target of miR-24-3p. However, both miR-24-3p-sponge-T-EXOs and T-EXOs (control-sponge-T-EXOs) impeded proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, but induced Treg differentiation, of lenti-shFGF11-transfected T cells. The levels of phosphorylated ERK and STAT proteins were different in lenti-ScshRNA-transfected T cells and lenti-shFGF11-transfected T cells following administration of miR-24-3p-sponge-T-EXO. Interestingly, tumour FGF11 expression was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo, and predicted favourable patient DFS (p < 0.05). Additionally, hypoxia increased cellular and exosomal miR-24-3p levels and enhanced the inhibitory effect of T-EXO on T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Collectively, our findings suggest that exosomal miR-24-3p is involved in tumour pathogenesis by mediating T-cell suppression via repression of FGF11, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in NPC. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Jiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing-Yun Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao-Yuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun-Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China. .,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|