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Ostertag BJ, Ross AE. Editors' Choice-Review-The Future of Carbon-Based Neurochemical Sensing: A Critical Perspective. ECS SENSORS PLUS 2023; 2:043601. [PMID: 38170109 PMCID: PMC10759280 DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad15a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based sensors have remained critical materials for electrochemical detection of neurochemicals, rooted in their inherent biocompatibility and broad potential window. Real-time monitoring using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry has resulted in the rise of minimally invasive carbon fiber microelectrodes as the material of choice for making measurements in tissue, but challenges with carbon fiber's innate properties have limited its applicability to understudied neurochemicals. Here, we provide a critical review of the state of carbon-based real-time neurochemical detection and offer insight into ways we envision addressing these limitations in the future. This piece focuses on three main hinderances of traditional carbon fiber based materials: diminished temporal resolution due to geometric properties and adsorption/desorption properties of the material, poor selectivity/specificity to most neurochemicals, and the inability to tune amorphous carbon surfaces for specific interfacial interactions. Routes to addressing these challenges could lie in methods like computational modeling of single-molecule interfacial interactions, expansion to tunable carbon-based materials, and novel approaches to synthesizing these materials. We hope this critical piece does justice to describing the novel carbon-based materials that have preceded this work, and we hope this review provides useful solutions to innovate carbon-based material development in the future for individualized neurochemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise J. Ostertag
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States of America
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2
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Carbon Nanotube and Its Derived Nanomaterials Based High Performance Biosensing Platform. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090731. [PMID: 36140116 PMCID: PMC9496036 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of an accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases became a more important issue. In order to fabricate high-performance and sensitive biosensors, many researchers and scientists have used many kinds of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Among them, CNTs have been considered important biosensing channel candidates due to their excellent physical properties such as high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical properties, plasmonic properties, and so on. Thus, in this review, CNT-based biosensing systems are introduced and various sensing approaches such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical methods are reported. Moreover, such biosensing platforms showed excellent sensitivity and high selectivity against not only viruses but also virus DNA structures. So, based on the amazing potential of CNTs-based biosensing systems, healthcare and public health can be significantly improved.
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3
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Pal N, Dutta G, Kharashi K, Murray EP. Investigation of an Impedimetric LaSrMnO 3-Au/Y 2O 3-ZrO 2-Al 2O 3 Composite NO x Sensor. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031165. [PMID: 35161109 PMCID: PMC8837989 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Composite NOx sensors were fabricated by combining partially and fully stabilized yttria-doped zirconia with alumina forming a composite electrolyte, Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3, and strontium-doped lanthanum manganese oxide mixed with gold to form the composite sensing electrode, La0.8 Sr0.2MnO3-Au. A surface chemistry analysis of the composite sensor was conducted to interpret defects and the structural phases present at the Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3 electrolyte, as well as the charge conduction mechanism at the LaSrMnO3-Au electrode surface. Based on the surface chemistry analysis, ionic and electronic transport properties, and microstructural features of sensor components, the working principle was described for NOx sensing at the composite sensor. The role of the composite materials on the NOx sensing response, cross-sensitivity to O2, H2O, CO, CO2, and CH4, and the response/recovery rates relative to sensor accuracy were characterized by operating the composite NOx sensors via the impedimetric method. The composite sensors were operated at temperatures ranging from 575 to 675 °C in dry and humidified gas environments with NO and NO2 concentrations varying from 0 to 100 ppm, where the balance gas was N2. It was found that the microstructure of the composite NOx sensor electrolyte and sensing electrode had a significant effect on interfacial reactions at the triple phase boundary, as well as the density of active sites for oxygen reactions. Overall, the composite NOx sensor microstructure enabled a high NOx sensing response, along with low cross-sensitivity to O2, CO, CO2, and CH4, and promoted NO detection down to 2 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabamita Pal
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (G.D.); (E.P.M.); Tel.: +1-318-497-3752 (N.P.); +1-318-497-3751 (G.D.); +1-318-257-5148 (E.P.M.)
| | - Gaurab Dutta
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (G.D.); (E.P.M.); Tel.: +1-318-497-3752 (N.P.); +1-318-497-3751 (G.D.); +1-318-257-5148 (E.P.M.)
| | | | - Erica P. Murray
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (G.D.); (E.P.M.); Tel.: +1-318-497-3752 (N.P.); +1-318-497-3751 (G.D.); +1-318-257-5148 (E.P.M.)
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4
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Liu R, Feng ZY, Li D, Jin B, Yan Lan, Meng LY. Recent trends in carbon-based microelectrodes as electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Ferrier DC, Honeychurch KC. Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Based Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120486. [PMID: 34940243 PMCID: PMC8699144 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the development of sensors and biosensors. The paper discusses various configurations of these devices, including their integration in analytical devices. Carbon nanotube-based sensors have been developed for a broad range of applications including electrochemical sensors for food safety, optical sensors for heavy metal detection, and field-effect devices for virus detection. However, as yet there are only a few examples of carbon nanotube-based sensors that have reached the marketplace. Challenges still hamper the real-world application of carbon nanotube-based sensors, primarily, the integration of carbon nanotube sensing elements into analytical devices and fabrication on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Ferrier
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Kevin C. Honeychurch
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Frenchay Campus, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Song H, Liu Y, Fang Y, Zhang D. Carbon-Based Electrochemical Sensors for In Vivo and In Vitro Neurotransmitter Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:955-974. [PMID: 34752170 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1997571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
As essential neurological chemical messengers, neurotransmitters play an integral role in the maintenance of normal mammalian physiology. Aberrant neurotransmitter activity is associated with a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Many studies to date have tested different approaches to detecting neurotransmitters, yet the detection of these materials within the brain, due to the complex environment of the brain and the rapid metabolism of neurotransmitters, remains challenging and an area of active research. There is a clear need for the development of novel neurotransmitter sensing technologies capable of rapidly and sensitively monitoring specific analytes within the brain without adversely impacting the local microenvironment in which they are implanted. Owing to their excellent sensitivity, portability, ease-of-use, amenability to microprocessing, and low cost, electrochemical sensors methods have been widely studied in the context of neurotransmitter monitoring. The present review, thus, surveys current progress in this research field, discussing developed electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors capable of detecting dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (Ach), glutamate (Glu), nitric oxide (NO), adenosine (ADO), and so on. Of these technologies, those based on carbon nanostructures-modified electrodes including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GR), gaphdiyne (GDY), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and derivatives thereof hold particular promise owing to their excellent biocompatibility and electrocatalytic performance. The continued development of these and related technologies is, thus, likely to lead to major advances in the clinical diagnosis of neurological diseases and the detection of novel biomarkers thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Song
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
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Brain neurochemical monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113351. [PMID: 34049083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurochemical monitoring aims to provide continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers. It has enabled significant advances in neuroscience for application in clinical diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of brain diseases. Microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies have been developed for precise monitoring of brain neurochemicals. Here, a comprehensive review on the progress of sensing technologies developed for brain neurochemical monitoring is presented. The review provides a summary of the widely measured clinically relevant neurochemicals and commonly adopted recognition technologies. Recent advances in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring are highlighted and their application are discussed. Existing gaps in current technologies and future directions to design industry standard brain neurochemical sensing devices for clinical applications are addressed.
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Chang AY, Siddiqui S, Arumugam PU. Nafion and Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Modified Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Microelectrodes for Detection of Dopamine and Serotonin. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:523. [PMID: 34066363 PMCID: PMC8148102 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurochemicals play a critical role in the function of the human brain in healthy and diseased states. Here, we have investigated three types of microelectrodes, namely boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (BDUNCD), nafion-modified BDUNCD, and nafion-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified BDUNCD microelectrodes for long-term neurochemical detection. A ~50 nm-thick nafion-200-nm-thick MWCNT-modified BDUNCD microelectrode provided an excellent combination of sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of dopamine (DA; 6.75 μA μM-1 cm-2) and serotonin (5-HT; 4.55 μA μM-1 cm-2) in the presence of excess amounts of ascorbic acid (AA), the most common interferent. Surface stability studies employing droplet-based microfluidics demonstrate rapid response time (<2 s) and low limits of detection (5.4 ± 0.40 nM). Furthermore, we observed distinguishable DA and 5-HT current peaks in a ternary mixture during long-term stability studies (up to 9 h) with nafion-MWCNT-modified BDUNCD microelectrodes. Reduced fouling on the modified BDUNCD microelectrode surface offers significant advantages for their use in long-term neurochemical detection as compared to those of prior-art microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yi Chang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing (IfM), Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science (CBERS), Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Shabnam Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA;
| | - Prabhu U. Arumugam
- Institute for Micromanufacturing (IfM), Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science (CBERS), Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
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9
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Rdest M, Janas D. A Straightforward Approach to Create Ag/SWCNT Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081956. [PMID: 33919697 PMCID: PMC8070709 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flexible and conductive materials have a high application potential across many parts of modern life. In this work, thin free-standing films from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were doped with Ag to enhance their electrical conductivity. A facile method to integrate these two materials is described herein. As a consequence, the material exhibited a six-fold boost to the electrical conductivity: an increase from 250 ± 11 S/cm to 1721 ± 125 S/cm. Interestingly, the specific conductivity remained at a comparable level upon doping, so the material was deemed promising in exploitation fields whereweight is of the essence. Furthermore, the material showed good bending characteristics, thereby revealing its applicability in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rdest
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-237-10-82
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10
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Tan C, Robbins EM, Wu B, Cui XT. Recent Advances in In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:208. [PMID: 33670703 PMCID: PMC7922317 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a complex network that accounts for only 5% of human mass but consumes 20% of our energy. Uncovering the mysteries of the brain's functions in motion, memory, learning, behavior, and mental health remains a hot but challenging topic. Neurochemicals in the brain, such as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, gliotransmitters, hormones, and metabolism substrates and products, play vital roles in mediating and modulating normal brain function, and their abnormal release or imbalanced concentrations can cause various diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. A wide range of techniques have been used to probe the concentrations of neurochemicals under normal, stimulated, diseased, and drug-induced conditions in order to understand the neurochemistry of drug mechanisms and develop diagnostic tools or therapies. Recent advancements in detection methods, device fabrication, and new materials have resulted in the development of neurochemical sensors with improved performance. However, direct in vivo measurements require a robust sensor that is highly sensitive and selective with minimal fouling and reduced inflammatory foreign body responses. Here, we review recent advances in neurochemical sensor development for in vivo studies, with a focus on electrochemical and optical probes. Other alternative methods are also compared. We discuss in detail the in vivo challenges for these methods and provide an outlook for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
| | - Elaine M. Robbins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bingchen Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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11
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Chang AY, Liu X, Pei Y, Gong C, Arumugam PU, Wang S. Dopamine sensing with robust carbon nanotube implanted polymer micropillar array electrodes fabricated by coupling micromolding and infiltration coating processes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Ahmad HMN, Dutta G, Csoros J, Si B, Yang R, Halpern JM, Seitz WR, Song E. Stimuli-Responsive Templated Polymer as a Target Receptor for a Conformation-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:329-341. [PMID: 33748761 PMCID: PMC7971449 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of highly crosslinked molecularly imprinted polymers as a synthetic target receptor has the limitations of restricted accessibility to the binding sites resulting in slow response time. Moreover, such artificial receptors often require additional transduction mechanisms to translate target binding events into measurable signals. Here, we propose the development of a single-chain stimuli-responsive templated polymer, without using any covalent interchain crosslinkers, as a target recognition element. The synthesized polymer chain exhibits preferential binding with the target molecule with which the polymer is templated. Moreover, upon specific target recognition, the polymer undergoes conformation change induced by its particular stimuli responsiveness, namely the target binding event. Such templated single-chain polymers can be attached to the electrode surface to implement a label-free electrochemical sensing platform. A target analyte, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), was used as a template to synthesize a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM)-based copolymer chain which was anchored to the electrode to be used as a selective receptor for 4-NP. The electrode surface chemistry analysis and the electrochemical impedance study reveal that the polymer concentration, the interchain interactions, and the Hofmeister effect play a major role in influencing the rate of polymer grafting as well as the morphology of the polymers grafted to the electrode. We also show that the specific binding between 4-NP and the copolymer results in a substantial change in the charge transfer kinetics at the electrode signifying the polymer conformation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib M. N. Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Gaurab Dutta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - John Csoros
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Bo Si
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Rongfang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Halpern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - W. Rudolf Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
- Corresponding Author: Edward Song, . Phone: +1-603-862-5498
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Elugoke SE, Adekunle AS, Fayemi OE, Mamba BB, Nkambule TT, Sherif EM, Ebenso EE. Progress in electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters using carbon nanotubes/nanocomposite based materials: A chronological review. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saheed E. Elugoke
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
| | - Abolanle S. Adekunle
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University PMB Ile‐Ife Nigeria
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
| | - Bhekie B. Mamba
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Thabo T.I. Nkambule
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
| | - El‐Sayed M. Sherif
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM) King Saud University Al‐Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory Department of Physical Chemistry National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Eno E. Ebenso
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
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14
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Guo Z, Zhou S, Li J, Guo X, Cui J, Wu D. Development of a paper-based microanalysis device doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for in vitro evaluation of fluorene cytotoxicity. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107552. [PMID: 32526678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing a cost-effective and simple micro-analysis tool has long been an important objective in the toxicological detection of fluorene. In this study, a disposable paper-based micro-analysis device (μ-PAD) was designed using graphite doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to hand draw the electrode (MWCNTs/μ-PAD). We investigated the feasibility of the designed MWCNTs/μ-PAD as a cell-sensing platform using voltammetry measurements. Its application for evaluating the cytotoxicity of fluorene was studied based on the electrochemical determination of human breast cancer cells induced by fluorene. The results showed a dose-dependent toxicity effect of fluorene on cellular activity. The measurements were comparable with those obtained using a methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay. The detection limit of the MWCNTs/μ-PAD for human breast cancer cells was as low as 4.00 × 103 cells·mL-1 owing to the enhanced catalytic activity of the MWCNTs. Notably, the MWCNTs/μ-PAD-which had a diameter of 7.00 mm-allowed a sampling volume of 10.0 μL, which is 50.0 times less than the sampling volume required with a conventional electrode (500 μL). Advantages such as the simplicity of manufacture, low consumption, low cost, rapid detection, and disposability, suggest that the MWCNTs/μ-PAD could provide new opportunities and directions for in vitro microanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiwen Cui
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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15
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Kamal Eddin FB, Wing Fen Y. Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Dopamine. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1039. [PMID: 32075167 PMCID: PMC7071053 DOI: 10.3390/s20041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, several neurological disorders and neurocrine tumours are associated with dopamine (DA) concentrations in various biological fluids. Highly accurate and ultrasensitive detection of DA levels in different biological samples in real-time can change and improve the quality of a patient's life in addition to reducing the treatment cost. Therefore, the design and development of diagnostic tool for in vivo and in vitro monitoring of DA is of considerable clinical and pharmacological importance. In recent decades, a large number of techniques have been established for DA detection, including chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, spectroscopic approaches, and electrochemical (EC) methods. These methods are effective, but most of them still have some drawbacks such as consuming time, effort, and money. Added to that, sometimes they need complex procedures to obtain good sensitivity and suffer from low selectivity due to interference from other biological species such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Advanced materials can offer remarkable opportunities to overcome drawbacks in conventional DA sensors. This review aims to explain challenges related to DA detection using different techniques, and to summarize and highlight recent advancements in materials used and approaches applied for several sensor surface modification for the monitoring of DA. Also, it focuses on the analytical features of the EC and optical-based sensing techniques available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Anojčić J, Guzsvány V, Kónya Z, Mikov M. Rapid, trace-level direct cathodic voltammetric determination of dopamine by oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube–modified carbon paste electrode in selected samples of pharmaceutical importance. IONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11581-019-03156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Ahmad HMN, Si B, Dutta G, Csoros JR, Seitz WR, Song E. NON-ENZYMATIC ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION OF GLUTAMATE USING TEMPLATED POLYMER-BASED TARGET RECEPTORS. INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS CONFERENCE : [PROCEEDINGS]. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS 2019; 2019:613-616. [PMID: 32719735 PMCID: PMC7384742 DOI: 10.1109/transducers.2019.8808688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel electrochemical biosensing platform for the detection of neurotransmitter glutamate using templated polymer-based target receptors. Our sensing approach demonstrates, for the first time, a non-enzymatic approach without the need of glutamate oxidase, leading to a more specific and rapid response. The proposed detection principle is based on the following two claims: (1) our templated polymer-based receptor results in specific molecular recognition of the target glutamate and, (2) upon target binding, the polymer undergoes a conformation change which can then be measured via electrochemical techniques. This sensing platform has the potential to provide direct monitoring of a variety of non-electroactive species and to eliminate the incorporation of enzymes thereby providing a simpler and more robust alternative to enzyme-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib M N Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bo Si
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, USA
| | - Gaurab Dutta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, USA
| | - John R Csoros
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, USA
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18
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Chang AY, Dutta G, Siddiqui S, Arumugam PU. Surface Fouling of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Microelectrodes during Dopamine Detection: Improving Lifetime via Electrochemical Cycling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:313-322. [PMID: 30285418 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the electrochemical response of a boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (BDUNCD) microelectrode during long-term dopamine (DA) detection. Specifically, changes to its electrochemical activity and electroactive area due to DA byproducts and surface oxidation are studied via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and silver deposition imaging (SDI). The fouling studies with amperometry (AM) and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) methods suggest that the microelectrodes are heavily fouled due to poor DA-dopamine- o-quinone cyclization rates followed by a combination of polymer formation and major changes in their surface chemistry. SDI data confirms the presence of the insulating polymer with sparsely distributed tiny electroactive regions. This resulted in severely distorted DA signals and a 90% loss in signal starting as early as 3 h for AM and a 56% loss at 6.5 h for FSCV. This underscores the need for cleaning of the fouled microelectrodes if they have to be used long-term. Out of the three in vivo suitable electrochemical cycling cleaning waveforms investigated, the standard waveform (-0.4 V to +1.0 V) provides the best cleaned surface with a fully retained voltammogram shape, no hysteresis, no DA signal loss (a 90 ± 0.72 nA increase), and the smallest charge transfer resistance value of 0.4 ± 0.02 MΩ even after 6.5 h of monitoring. Most importantly, this is the same waveform that is widely used for in vivo detection with carbon fiber microelectrodes. Future work to test these microelectrodes for more than 24 h of DA detection is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yi Chang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, 911 Hergot Avenue, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Gaurab Dutta
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, 911 Hergot Avenue, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Shabnam Siddiqui
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, 911 Hergot Avenue, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Prabhu U. Arumugam
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, 911 Hergot Avenue, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
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19
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Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of neurochemicals in biological matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Unmodified and multi-walled carbon nanotube modified tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films as in vivo sensor materials for sensitive and selective detection of dopamine. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Sáenz HSC, Hernández-Saravia LP, Selva JSG, Sukeri A, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Bertotti M. Electrochemical dopamine sensor using a nanoporous gold microelectrode: a proof-of-concept study for the detection of dopamine release by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:367. [PMID: 29987397 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous gold (NPG) structures were prepared on the surface of a gold microelectrode (Au-μE) by an anodization-reduction method. Cyclic voltammetry and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to study the electrochemical properties and the morphology of the nanostructured film. Voltammetry showed an improved sensitivity for dopamine (DA) oxidation at this microelectrode when compared to a bare gold microelectrode, with a peak near 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 0.1 V s-1. This is due to the increased surface area and roughness. Square wave voltammetry shows a response that is linear in the 0.1-10 μmol L-1 DA concentration range, with a 30 nmol L-1 detection limit and a sensitivity of 1.18 mA (μmol L-1)-1 cm-2. The sensor is not interfered by ascorbic acid. The reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability and real sample analysis (spiked urine) were assessed, and acceptable performance was achieved. The "proof-of-concept" detection of dopamine release was demonstrated by using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with the aim of future applications for single cell analysis. Graphical abstract A reproducible electrochemical approach was proposed to fabricate an NPG-microelectrode for DA detection, with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Besides, a proof-of-concept detection of DA release was also demonstrated by using SECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Steven Catota Sáenz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, 748, Brazil.,Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, 170525, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lucas Patricio Hernández-Saravia
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, 748, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Tarapacá, General Velasquéz 1577, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
| | - Jéssica S G Selva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, 748, Brazil
| | - Anandhakumar Sukeri
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, 748, Brazil
| | - Patricio Javier Espinoza-Montero
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado: 17-01-2184, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP, 748, Brazil.
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