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Yang S, Hu W, Wang S, Li X, Lei L, Wei X, Lin H. Development of immunochromatographic and homogeneous assay based on quantum dot-functionalized polystyrene nanoprobes for the qualitative and quantitative screening of respiratory viruses. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116716. [PMID: 39316867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurately differentiating respiratory diseases caused by viruses is challenging because of the similarity in their early or clinical symptoms. Moreover, different infection sources require different treatments. However, the current diagnostic methods have limited differentiating efficiency and sensitivity. We developed a dual-system immunosensor with a bilayer fluorescent label as a signal amplifier for the on-site, sensitive, and accurate identification of multiple respiratory viruses (RVs). The nanomaterial, comprising a polystyrene (PS) nanosphere core encapsulated by two layers of CdSe@ZnS-COOH quantum dots (QDs), outperforms the conventional color and fluorescent labels in RV detection. The dual-system detection platform, comprising a PS@DQD-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and a PS@DQD-based homogeneous sensor, enables qualitative and quantitative screening of multiple respiratory viruses within 10 and 30 min, respectively, depending on the specific detection requirements for different application scenarios. This remarkable method provides 51.2 to 1000 times sensitivity improvement over commercial antigen detection kits and greater than 12.5 to 100 times improvement over QD-based immunosensors. Furthermore, we comprehensively evaluated the specificity, reproducibility, and stability of the integrated dual-system detection platform, demonstrating its reliability. Remarkably, the respiratory viral testing was validated using biological samples, thus illustrating its promise and convenience in the detection of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Shengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaxia Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Liang R, Fan A, Wang F, Niu Y. Optical lateral flow assays in early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1571-1591. [PMID: 38758251 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
So far, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading widely worldwide. The early diagnosis of infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to provide timely treatment and prevent its further spread. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have the advantages of rapid detection, simple operation, low cost, ease of mass production, and no need for special devices and professional operators, which make them suitable for self-testing at home. This review focuses on the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on optical LFAs including colorimetric, fluorescent (FL), chemiluminescent (CL), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) LFAs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens and nucleic acids. The types of recognition components, detection modes used for antigen detection, labels employed in different optical LFAs, and strategies to improve the detection sensitivity of LFAs were reviewed. Meanwhile, LFAs coupled with different nucleic acid amplification techniques and CRISPR-Cas systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids were summarized. We hope this review provides research mentalities for developing highly sensitive LFAs that can be used in home self-testing for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feiqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Niu
- Beijing Pharma and Biotech Center, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Jie H, Liu S, Shen C, Liu Q. Enhancing Sensitivity in SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Testing through Integration of a Water-Soluble Polymer Wall. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:305. [PMID: 38920609 PMCID: PMC11201958 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are recognized for their practicality in homecare and point-of-care testing, owing to their simplicity, cost-efficiency, and rapid visual readouts. Despite these advantages, LFIAs typically fall short in sensitivity, particularly in detecting viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, thus limiting their broader application. In response to this challenge, we have innovated an approach to substantially enhance LFIA sensitivity. This involves the integration of a water-soluble dextran-methacrylate polymer wall with a 15% grafting degree positioned between the test and control lines on the LFIA strip. This novel modification significantly improved the sensitivity of the assay, achieving detection limits as low as 50 pg mL-1 and enhancing the sensitivity by 5-20-fold relative to existing LFIA kits available on the market. Furthermore, our developed LFIA kit (WSPW-LFIA) demonstrated exceptional specificity for SARS-CoV-2. Coupled with a straightforward fabrication process and robust stability, the WSPW-LFIA represents a promising advancement for real-time in vitro diagnosis across a spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Huiyang Jie
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Sidi Liu
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Chenguang Shen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
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Li Y, Yang Y, Li W, Chen C, Lin Q, Huang H, Gu Y, Jin X, Qian Z. Fiber optic-based integrated system for in vivo multiscale pharmacokinetic monitoring. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3770-3782. [PMID: 38867773 PMCID: PMC11166437 DOI: 10.1364/boe.523179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a fiber-optic-based fluorescence detection system for multi-scale monitoring of drug distribution in living animals. The integrated system utilized dual laser sources at the wavelengths of 488 nm and 650 nm and three photomultiplier channels for multi-color fluorescence detection. The emission spectra of fluorescent substances were tracked using the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy module to continuously monitor their blood kinetics. The fiber bundle, consisting of 30,000 optic filaments, was designed for wide-field mesoscopic imaging of the drug's interactions within organs. The inclusion of a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens within the setup enabled fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize the drug distribution at the cellular level. The system performance was verified by imaging hepatic and renal tissues in mice using cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and R3. By acquiring multi-level images and real-time data, our integrated system underscores its potential as a potent tool for drug assessment, specifically within the realms of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Chaofan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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Kim KH, Ryu E, Khaleel ZH, Seo SE, Kim L, Kim YH, Park HG, Kwon OS. Plasmonic digital PCR for discriminative detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115859. [PMID: 38011776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel strategy for discriminative detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants based on the plasmonic photothermal effect of gold nanofilms and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology. This method consists of the gold nanofilm-based dPCR chip fabrication for ultrafast heating and cooling cycles by the plasmonic photothermal effect, the LED quencher immobilization through the interfacing compound on the surface of the gold nanofilm to prevent photoquenching of PCR signaling dye, and the discriminative detection of the variant viruses from the COVID-19 clinical samples by photothermal cycles with fabricated dPCR chips and a portable plasmonic PCR device. Compared to conventional sequencing or RT-qPCR-based variant detection methods, this technology can be effectively applied to point-of-care testing by enabling ultrafast quantitative analysis with a small device. With this method, we successfully detected the delta variant and the omicron variant with a high sensitivity of 10 copies from COVID-19 patients' clinical samples within 25 min, including reverse transcription. This method can be applied universally to rapid and accurate point-of-care testing for various pandemic viruses as well as the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zinah Hilal Khaleel
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Bi L, Chen H, Lin D, Mei R, Wu Y, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. Recent advances in point-of-care testing of COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8500-8530. [PMID: 37999922 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidic device miniaturization and system integration contribute to the development of portable, handheld, and smartphone-compatible devices. These advancements in diagnostics have the potential to revolutionize the approach to detect and respond to future pandemics. Accordingly, herein, recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using various microdevices, including lateral flow assay strips, vertical flow assay strips, microfluidic channels, and paper-based microfluidic devices, are reviewed. However, visual determination of the diagnostic results using only microdevices leads to many false-negative results due to the limited detection sensitivities of these devices. Several POCT systems comprising microdevices integrated with portable optical readers have been developed to address this issue. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, effective POCT strategies for COVID-19 based on optical detection methods have been established. They can be categorized into fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and wearable sensing. We introduced next-generation pandemic sensing methods incorporating artificial intelligence that can be used to meet global health needs in the future. Additionally, we have discussed appropriate responses of various testing devices to emerging infectious diseases and prospective preventive measures for the post-pandemic era. We believe that this review will be helpful for preparing for future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Liyan Bi
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Ionescu RE. Updates on the Biofunctionalization of Gold Nanoparticles for the Rapid and Sensitive Multiplatform Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Its Proteins: From Computational Models to Validation in Human Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119249. [PMID: 37298201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the pandemic respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), academic communities and governments/private companies have used several detection techniques based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this emergency context, colloidal AuNPs are highly valuable easy-to-synthesize biocompatible materials that can be used for different functionalization strategies and rapid viral immunodiagnosis. In this review, the latest multidisciplinary developments in the bioconjugation of AuNPs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its proteins in (spiked) real samples are discussed for the first time, with reference to the optimal parameters provided by three approaches: one theoretical, via computational prediction, and two experimental, using dry and wet chemistry based on single/multistep protocols. Overall, to achieve high specificity and low detection limits for the target viral biomolecules, optimal running buffers for bioreagent dilutions and nanostructure washes should be validated before conducting optical, electrochemical, and acoustic biosensing investigations. Indeed, there is plenty of room for improvement in using gold nanomaterials as stable platforms for ultrasensitive and simultaneous "in vitro" detection by the untrained public of the whole SARS-CoV-2 virus, its proteins, and specific developed IgA/IgM/IgG antibodies (Ab) in bodily fluids. Hence, the lateral flow assay (LFA) approach is a quick and judicious solution to combating the pandemic. In this context, the author classifies LFAs according to four generations to guide readers in the future development of multifunctional biosensing platforms. Undoubtedly, the LFA kit market will continue to improve, adapting researchers' multidetection platforms for smartphones with easy-to-analyze results, and establishing user-friendly tools for more effective preventive and medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Elena Ionescu
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS 42060, CEDEX, 10004 Troyes, France
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Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Di Maria C, Sciacca E, Mancuso S, Vancheri C, Sambataro G. An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:375-401. [PMID: 37091823 PMCID: PMC10113162 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three years, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of novel diagnostic tests have been developed. Assays to evaluate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 have been widely considered as part of the control strategy. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), to detect both IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, has been widely studied as a point-of-care (POC) test. Compared to laboratory tests, LFIAs are faster, cheaper and user-friendly, thus available also in areas with low economic resources. Soon after the onset of the pandemic, numerous kits for rapid antibody detection were put on the market with an emergency use authorization. However, since then, scientists have tried to better define the accuracy of these tests and their usefulness in different contexts. In fact, while during the first phase of the pandemic LFIAs for antibody detection were auxiliary to molecular tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19, successively these tests became a tool of seroprevalence surveillance to address infection control policies. When in 2021 a massive vaccination campaign was implemented worldwide, the interest in LFIA reemerged due to the need to establish the extent and the longevity of immunization in the vaccinated population and to establish priorities to guide health policies in low-income countries with limited access to vaccines. Here, we summarize the accuracy, the advantages and limits of LFIAs as POC tests for antibody detection, highlighting the efforts that have been made to improve this technology over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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