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Jones A, Ishizawa H, Samant P. Neighborhood and Behavioral Effects on Weight Change Across Immigrant Generations: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:731-742. [PMID: 36765017 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a global problem that disproportionately affects minority populations in the USA. Relative to all US-born individuals, some foreign-born populations also experience higher obesity risk. Prior research focuses on the role of healthy behaviors in increasing obesity risk, but the neighborhoods in which individuals reside shape those behaviors. The aim of this study is to examine how changes in health behaviors and neighborhood characteristics affect weight change across immigrant generational groups. METHODS The study uses a prospective longitudinal cohort of 3,506 adolescents first interviewed in 1994 (The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health). To examine the relationship between immigrant generational status and weight change over time while considering healthy behaviors and the neighborhood environment, this research relies on linear multilevel methods. RESULTS Neighborhood disadvantage, not health behaviors, has a significant effect on weight change - for both first-generation Asians (β = 1.52; p < 0.001) and Latinxs across all immigrant generations. In neighborhoods where residents do not engage in much exercise, the role that one's level of physical activity plays in weight change is lower than in places where residents engage in much exercise, irrespective of immigrant generation. CONCLUSION These findings provide some evidence that neighborhood features and physical activity in the neighborhood may curb obesity risk among adolescents and young adults. The results can inform urban planning efforts and community-based interventions to increase physical activity across ethnic minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antwan Jones
- The George Washington University, 801 22Nd Street NW, Suite 409C, 20052, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Hiromi Ishizawa
- The George Washington University, 801 22Nd Street NW, Suite 409E, 20052, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Puja Samant
- The George Washington University, 801 22Nd Street NW, Suite 409C, 20052, Washington, DC, USA
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Sharp G, Carpiano RM. Neighborhood social organization exposures and racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension risk in Los Angeles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282648. [PMID: 36877695 PMCID: PMC9987829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing evidence base documenting associations between neighborhood characteristics and the risk of developing high blood pressure, little work has established the role played by neighborhood social organization exposures in racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension risk. There is also ambiguity around prior estimates of neighborhood effects on hypertension prevalence, given the lack of attention paid to individuals' exposures to both residential and nonresidential spaces. This study contributes to the neighborhoods and hypertension literature by using novel longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey to construct exposure-weighted measures of neighborhood social organization characteristics-organizational participation and collective efficacy-and examine their associations with hypertension risk, as well as their relative contributions to racial/ethnic differences in hypertension. We also assess whether the hypertension effects of neighborhood social organization vary across our sample of Black, Latino, and White adults. Results from random effects logistic regression models indicate that adults living in neighborhoods where people are highly active in informal and formal organizations have a lower probability of being hypertensive. This protective effect of exposure to neighborhood organizational participation is also significantly stronger for Black adults than Latino and White adults, such that, at high levels of neighborhood organizational participation, the observed Black-White and Black-Latino hypertension differences are substantially reduced to nonsignificance. Nonlinear decomposition results also indicate that almost one-fifth of the Black-White hypertension gap can be explained by differential exposures to neighborhood social organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Sharp
- Department of Sociology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard M. Carpiano
- School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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3
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Fernández-Rhodes L, Butera NM, Lodge EK, Franceschini N, Llabre MM, Arredondo EM, Gallo LC, Arguelles W, Penedo FJ, Daviglus ML, Isasi CR, Smokowski P, Gordon-Larsen P, Aiello AE, Perreira KM, Sotres-Alvarez D, North KE. Demographic and sociocultural risk factors for adulthood weight gain in Hispanic/Latinos: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2064. [PMID: 34758813 PMCID: PMC8582171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND United States (US) Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity, which may in part be related to demographic or sociocultural factors, including acculturation to an US diet or inactive lifestyle. Therefore, we sought to describe the association between adulthood weight histories and demographic and sociocultural factors in a large diverse community-based cohort of US Hispanic/Latinos. METHODS We estimated the effect of several factors on weight gain across adulthood, using multivariable linear mixed models to leverage 38,759 self-reported current body weights and weight histories recalled for 21, 45 and 65 years of age, from 15,203 adults at least 21 years of age at the baseline visit of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011). RESULTS The average rate of weight gain was nearly 10 kg per decade in early adulthood, but slowed to < 5 kg a decade among individuals 60+ years of age. Birth cohort, gender, nativity or age at immigration, Hispanic/Latino background, and study site each significantly modified the form of the predicted adulthood weight trajectory. Among immigrants, weight gain during the 5 years post-migration was on average 0.88 kg (95% CI: 0.04, 1.72) greater than the weight gain during the 5 years prior. The rate of weight gain appeared to slow after 15 years post-migration. CONCLUSIONS Using self-reported and weight history data in a diverse sample of US Hispanic/Latinos, we revealed that both demographic and sociocultural factors were associated with the patterning of adulthood weight gain in this sample. Given the steep rate of weight gain in this population and the fact that many Hispanic/Latinos living in the US immigrated as adults, efforts to promote weight maintenance across the life course, including after immigration, should be a top priority for promoting Hispanic/Latino health and addressing US health disparities more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Pennsylvania, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nicole M. Butera
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Evans K. Lodge
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Maria M. Llabre
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Elva M. Arredondo
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA San Diego, USA
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA San Diego, USA
| | - William Arguelles
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.418212.c0000 0004 0465 0852Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Frank J. Penedo
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Paul Smokowski
- grid.10698.360000000122483208School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692School of Social Welfare, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
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Richardson AS, Collins RL, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Ye F, Hunter GP, Baird MD, Schwartz H, Sloan JC, Nugroho A, Beckman R, Troxel WM, Gary-Webb TL, Dubowitz T. Improvements in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Conditions May Improve Resident Diet. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:798-806. [PMID: 33047782 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions (NSECs) are associated with resident diet, but most research has been cross-sectional. We capitalized on a natural experiment in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in which 1 neighborhood experienced substantial investments and a sociodemographically similar neighborhood that did not, to examine pathways from neighborhood investments to changed NSECs and changed dietary behavior. We examined differences between renters and homeowners. Data were from a random sample of households (n = 831) in each of these low-income Pittsburgh neighborhoods that were surveyed in 2011 and 2014. Structural equation modeling tested direct and indirect pathways from neighborhood to resident dietary quality, adjusting for individual-level sociodemographics, with multigroup testing by homeowners versus renters. Neighborhood investments were directly associated with improved dietary quality for renters (β = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05, 0.50) and homeowners (β = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.92). Among renters, investments also were associated with dietary quality through a positive association with commercial prices (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.54) and a negative association with residential prices (β = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.004). Among homeowners, we did not observe any indirect pathways from investments to dietary quality through tested mediators. Investing in neighborhoods may support resident diet through improvements in neighborhood commercial environments for renters, but mechanisms appear to differ for homeowners.
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Do DP, Frank R. The Diverging Impacts of Segregation on Obesity Risk by Nativity and Neighborhood Poverty Among Hispanic Americans. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:1214-1224. [PMID: 32291576 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While racial residential segregation is frequently cited as a fundamental cause of racial health disparities, its health impacts for Hispanic Americans remain unclear. We argue that several shortcomings have limited our understanding of how segregation influences Hispanic health outcomes, most notably a failure to assess the possible diverging impacts of segregation by neighborhood poverty level and the conflation of segregation with ethnic enclaves. We use multiple years of restricted geocoded data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (2006-2013 National Health Interview Survey) to investigate the association between metropolitan-level Hispanic segregation and obesity by nativity and neighborhood poverty level. We find segregation to be protective against obesity for Hispanic immigrants who reside in low poverty neighborhoods. For Hispanic immigrants residing in higher neighborhood poverty, no association between segregation and obesity was found. Among US-born Hispanics, we observe an increased risk of obesity-but only for those in high poverty neighborhoods. No association was found for those in low and medium neighborhood poverty. Results provide evidence to indicate that the relationship between segregation and health for Hispanics is not uniform within a metropolitan area. In the case of obesity, the consequences of metropolitan Hispanic segregation can be either protective, null, or deleterious depending not only on local neighborhood context but also on nativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Phuong Do
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Reanne Frank
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Durazo EM, Haan MN, Dang K, Aiello AE, Torres JM. Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:239-249. [PMID: 31774118 PMCID: PMC7039378 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Globally, obesity influences the risk of many major chronic diseases. Our study examines the association between individual nativity and neighborhood level concentration of immigrants with 10-year changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) among older Latinos. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) is a population-based prospective study of community-dwelling older adults of Mexican origin (baseline ages 58-101 years). The primary outcome was repeated measures of weight over a 10-year period for 1,628 respondents. Nativity was defined by participants' reported place of birth (US-born or Latin American foreign born). Neighborhood immigrant concentration was measured as the percentage of foreign born at census tract level (2000 US Census). We used linear mixed models with repeated measures of weight, height, BMI, and WC as dependent variables (level 1), clustered within individuals (level 2) and neighborhood migrant concentration (level 3). RESULTS Foreign born (FB) respondents had lower baseline weight than the US-born (mean, 160 vs. 171 lbs, p < .0001). Over time, weight differences between the FB and the US-born decreased by 1.7 lbs/5 years as US-born weight decreased more rapidly. We observed a significant interaction between individual nativity and neighborhood immigrant concentration (p = .012). We found similar patterns for BMI, but did not find statistically significant differences in WC trajectories. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study observed significant differences by foreign born vs. US nativity in baseline weight/BMI and in their trajectories over time. Additionally, we found weight/BMI differences in neighborhood immigrant concentration for the FB, but not for the US-born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Durazo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Center for the Study of Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease (NURTURE Center), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristina Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Lê-Scherban F, Albrecht SS, Osypuk TL, Sánchez BN, Diez Roux AV. Long-term neighborhood ethnic composition and weight-related outcomes among immigrants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Health Place 2019; 58:102147. [PMID: 31234123 PMCID: PMC6708458 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Weight among immigrants in the United States (US) is lower than among the US-born on average, but higher among long-term immigrants than the newly arrived. Neighborhood coethnic concentration-the proportion of neighborhood residents of the same ethnic background-may influence weight among immigrants via behavioral norms and market-driven community resources. However, the relevant exposure timeframe may be far longer than is captured by existing cross-sectional and short-term studies. Using detailed historical residential address information on 1449 older Latino and Chinese long-term immigrants, we investigated associations of 10-20-year neighborhood coethnic concentration trajectories with current waist circumference and weight-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, and sedentary time). Among Chinese participants, compared to persistent low coethnic concentration, increasing coethnic concentration was associated with higher waist circumference (difference = 1.45 cm [0.51, 2.39]). In contrast, both increasing coethnic concentration and persistent high coethnic concentration were associated with a healthier diet. Among Latino participants, trajectories characterized by higher coethnic concentration were associated with higher waist circumference (e.g., difference = 2.11 cm [0.31, 3.91] for persistent high vs. persistent low) and low physical activity. Long-term patterns of neighborhood coethnic concentration may affect weight-related outcomes among immigrants in complex ways that differ by ethnicity and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félice Lê-Scherban
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Sandra S Albrecht
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 East Franklin Street, CB # 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Theresa L Osypuk
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, Room 300 West Bank Office Building, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, M4164 SPH II, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Berger MB, Steinberg DM, Askew S, Gallis JA, Treadway CC, Egger JR, Kay MC, Batch BC, Finkelstein EA, DeVries A, Brewer A, Bennett GG. The Balance protocol: a pragmatic weight gain prevention randomized controlled trial for medically vulnerable patients within primary care. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:596. [PMID: 31101037 PMCID: PMC6525404 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with obesity who are not ready for or experience barriers to weight loss, clinical practice guidelines recommend provider counseling on preventing further weight gain as a first-line treatment approach. Unfortunately, evidence-based weight gain prevention interventions are not routinely available within primary care. To address this gap, we will implement a pragmatic 12-month randomized controlled trial of a digital weight gain prevention intervention delivered to patients receiving primary care within a network of Federally Qualified Community Health Centers in central North Carolina. METHODS Balance (Equilibrio in Spanish) is a pragmatic effectiveness trial that will randomize adult patients who have overweight or obesity (BMI of 25-40 kg/m2) to either: 1) a weight gain prevention intervention with tailored behavior change goals and tracking, daily weighing on a network-connected electronic scale, and responsive weight and goal coaching delivered remotely by health center registered dietitians; or 2) a usual care program with automated healthy living text messages and print materials and routine primary care. The primary outcome will be weight gain prevention at 24-months, defined as ≤3% change in baseline weight. To align with its pragmatic design, trial outcome data will be pulled from the electronic health record of the community health center network. DISCUSSION For underserved, often rurally-located patients with obesity, digital approaches to promote a healthy lifestyle can curb further weight gain. Yet enrolling medically vulnerable patients into a weight gain prevention trial, many of whom are from racial/ethnic minorities, can be difficult. Despite these potential challenges, we plan to recruit a large, diverse sample from rural areas, and will implement a remotely-delivered weight gain prevention intervention to medically vulnerable patients. Upcoming trial results will demonstrate the effectiveness of this pragmatic approach to implement and evaluate a digital weight gain prevention intervention within primary care. TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03003403 . Registered December 28, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Berger
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086 USA
| | - Dori M. Steinberg
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086 USA
- Duke University School of Nursing, 307 Trent Drive, Pearson Room 2055, DUMC 3322, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Sandy Askew
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086 USA
| | - John A. Gallis
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Trent Drive, Room 236, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Cayla C. Treadway
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086 USA
| | - Joseph R. Egger
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Trent Drive, Room 236, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Melissa C. Kay
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086 USA
| | - Bryan C. Batch
- Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3031, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Eric A. Finkelstein
- National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Abigail DeVries
- Piedmont Health Services, Inc., 127 Kingston Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Ashley Brewer
- Piedmont Health Services, Inc., 127 Kingston Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Gary G. Bennett
- Duke Global Digital Health Science Center, Duke University, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0086 USA
- Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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Menigoz K, Nathan A, Heesch KC, Turrell G. Ethnicity, length of residence, and prospective trends in body mass index in a national sample of Australian adults (2006–2014). Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neighbourhood disadvantage, geographic remoteness and body mass index among immigrants to Australia: A national cohort study 2006-2014. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191729. [PMID: 29360878 PMCID: PMC5779685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is socioeconomically, geographically and ethnically patterned. Understanding these elements of disadvantage is vital in understanding population obesity trends and the development of effective and equitable interventions. This study examined the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and geographic remoteness with prospective trends in mean body mass index (BMI) among immigrants to Australia. Longitudinal data (2006–2014) from a national panel survey of Australian adults was divided into an immigrant-only sample (n = 4,293, 52.6% women and 19,404 person-year observations). The data were analysed using multi-level random effects linear regression modelling that controlled for individual socioeconomic and demographic factors. Male immigrants living in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher mean BMI compared with those living in the least disadvantaged. Over time, mean BMI increased for all groups except for men living in the least disadvantaged neighbourhoods, for whom mean BMI remained almost static (0.1 kg/m2 increase from 2006 to 2014), effectively widening neighbourhood inequalities. Among women, mean BMI was also significantly higher in the most compared with the least, disadvantaged neighbourhoods (β = 2.08 kg/m2; 95%CI: 1.48, 2.68). Neighbourhood inequalities were maintained over time as mean BMI increased for all groups at a similar rate. Male and female immigrants residing in outer regional areas had significantly higher mean BMI compared with those living in major cities; however, differences were attenuated and no longer significant following adjustment for ethnicity, individual socioeconomic position and neighbourhood disadvantage. Over time, mean BMI increased in all male and female groups with no differences based on geographic remoteness. Obesity prevention policy targeted at immigrant cohorts needs to include area-level interventions that address inequalities in BMI arising from neighbourhood disadvantage, and be inclusive of immigrants living outside Australia’s major cities.
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Alidu L, Grunfeld EA. A systematic review of acculturation, obesity and health behaviours among migrants to high-income countries. Psychol Health 2017; 33:724-745. [PMID: 29172700 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1398327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective There is extensive evidence for weight gain among people migrating from low/middle-income to high-income countries, which may be due, in part, to acculturation factors. This review aimed to identify associations between acculturation and body weight among immigrants to high-income countries and identify if studies accounted for the role played by health behaviours. Methods A systematic literature search using keywords was performed with three databases (Medline, PsychINFO and EMBASE). The 35 studies were included that utilised quantitative methodology and presented empirical findings focused on acculturation and body weight among adult immigrants. Findings There was evidence presented across multiple studies for an association between acculturation (measured with standard measures or as duration of stay) and obesity. Most studies were cross sectional, which did not allow the exploration of drivers of change in health behaviours and weight gain. Conclusion This is the first review to examine associations between acculturation and body weight among migrants utilising both acculturation scales and proxy measures of acculturation and to examine the role of health behaviours. Evidence from this review suggests that health interventions should target first generation migrants to promote retention of their original healthy behaviours. Recent migrant groups report healthier behaviours than comparative host country populations, and therefore interventions should be promoted at the initial stages following migration to avoid uptake of unhealthy behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alidu
- a School of Psychology , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - E A Grunfeld
- b Department of Psychological Sciences , University of London, Birkbeck College , London , UK
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12
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Home and away: Area socioeconomic disadvantage and obesity risk. Health Place 2017; 44:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in the US are likely due to a combination of social, biological, and environmental factors. A growing number of studies have examined the role of racial/ethnic residential segregation with respect to these outcomes because this macro-level process is believed to be a fundamental cause of many of the factors that contribute to these disparities. This review provides an overview of findings from studies of racial/ethnic residential segregation with obesity and diabetes published between 2013 and 2015. Findings for obesity varied by geographic scale of the segregation measure, gender, ethnicity, and racial identity (among Hispanics/Latinos). Recent studies found no association between racial/ethnic residential segregation and diabetes prevalence, but higher segregation of Blacks was related to higher diabetes mortality. Implications of these recent studies are discussed as well as promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Ashley E Pender
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 E Huron St, Galter Suite 3-150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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O'Brien DT. Using small data to interpret big data: 311 reports as individual contributions to informal social control in urban neighborhoods. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2016; 59:83-96. [PMID: 27480373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Informal social control is considered a vital component of the well-being of urban communities. Though some argue that the actions that constitute this social process are often said to reflect territoriality, little else is known about how individuals contribute to it. The current study leverages a database of over 600,000 requests for government services received by the city of Boston, MA's 311 system as a way to answer such questions, focusing particularly on reports of issues in the public space arising from incivilities. In order to establish construct validity for the "big data" of the 311 system, they are combined with the "small data" of a survey of 311 users, permitting the simultaneous analysis of objective reporting behaviors with self-report attitudes. The analysis occurs in two parts. First, reporting of incivilities is distinguished behaviorally from reporting public issues arising from natural deterioration, and people are found to specialize in one or the other. Second, the survey is used to test whether the reports are a reflection of territoriality. Reports of incivilities were unique in their association with a desire to enforce local social norms. They were also associated with a second territorial motivation to benefit the community. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Shoveller J, Viehbeck S, Di Ruggiero E, Greyson D, Thomson K, Knight R. A critical examination of representations of context within research on population health interventions. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2015.1117577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Albrecht SS, Osypuk TL, Kandula NR, Gallo LC, Lê-Scherban F, Shrager S, Diez Roux AV. Change in waist circumference with longer time in the United States among Hispanic and Chinese immigrants: the modifying role of the neighborhood built environment. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:767-72.e2. [PMID: 26296266 PMCID: PMC4567919 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether living in neighborhoods supportive of healthier diets and more active lifestyles may buffer immigrants against the unhealthy weight gain that is purported to occur with longer length of US residence. METHODS Neighborhood data referring to a 1-mile buffer around participants' baseline home addresses were linked to longitudinal data from 877 Hispanic and 684 Chinese immigrants aged 45 to 84 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We used ethnicity-stratified linear mixed models to examine whether food and activity-based neighborhood measures (healthy food stores, walkability, and recreational facilities) were associated with change in waist circumference (WC) over a 9-year follow-up. RESULTS Among Hispanics, living in neighborhoods with more resources for healthy food and recreational activity was related to lower baseline WC. However, there was no association with change in WC over time. Among Chinese, living in more walkable neighborhoods was associated with lower baseline WC and with slower increases in WC over time, especially among the most recent immigrant arrivals. CONCLUSIONS Where immigrants reside may have implications for health patterns that emerge with longer time in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Albrecht
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
| | - Theresa L Osypuk
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Félice Lê-Scherban
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sandi Shrager
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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Goulão B, Santos O, Carmo ID. The impact of migration on body weight: a review. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:229-45. [PMID: 25760158 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00211913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immigrants may be more vulnerable to obesity as a result of the immigration process. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about the impact of immigration on body mass index (BMI). A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines through a database search of scientific articles (last updated in August 2014). Thirty-nine articles were included and assessed. Results varied according to ethnic background, country of origin and host country. A consistent positive association between BMI and time since immigration was found among Hispanic, European and African immigrants. Less than half of the studies observed a positive association among Asian immigrants. The quality of the majority of the studies assessed was poor, reflecting a need to improve methodology and concept definition. Immigration appears to have a deteriorative effect on BMI. Underlying causes may include changes in nutrition and physical activity, psychological and social factors, and genetic susceptibility and these aspects should be included as moderator variables in future studies.
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Abstract
A growing body of research has examined whether racial/ethnic residential segregation contributes to health disparities, but recent findings in the literature, particularly with respect to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, have not been summarized. This review provides an overview of findings from studies of racial/ethnic residential segregation of non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics with CVD risk published between January 2011 and July 2014. The majority of studies of black segregation showed higher segregation was related to higher CVD risk, although relationships were less clear for certain outcomes. Relationships among Hispanics were more mixed and appeared to vary widely by factors such as gender, country of origin, racial identity, and acculturation. Implications for research on racial/ethnic disparities in CVD and lingering gaps in the literature are discussed as well.
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Lê-Scherban F, Albrecht SS, Osypuk TL, Sánchez BN, Diez Roux AV. Neighborhood ethnic composition, spatial assimilation, and change in body mass index over time among Hispanic and Chinese immigrants: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:2138-46. [PMID: 25211724 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated relations between changes in neighborhood ethnic composition and changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among Chinese and Hispanic immigrants in the United States. METHODS We used Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis data over a median 9-year follow-up (2000-2002 to 2010-2012) among Chinese (n = 642) and Hispanic (n = 784) immigrants aged 45 to 84 years at baseline. We incorporated information about residential moves and used econometric fixed-effects models to control for confounding by time-invariant characteristics. We characterized neighborhood racial/ethnic composition with census tract-level percentage Asian for Chinese participants and percentage Hispanic for Hispanic participants (neighborhood coethnic concentration). RESULTS In covariate-adjusted longitudinal fixed-effects models, results suggested associations between decreasing neighborhood coethnic concentration and increasing weight, although results were imprecise: within-person BMI increases associated with an interquartile range decrease in coethnic concentration were 0.15 kilograms per meters squared (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00, 0.30) among Chinese and 0.17 kilograms per meters squared (95% CI = -0.17, 0.51) among Hispanic participants. Results did not differ between those who did and did not move during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Residential neighborhoods may help shape chronic disease risk among immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félice Lê-Scherban
- Félice Lê-Scherban and Ana V. Diez Roux are with the Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor. Brisa N. Sánchez is with the Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health. Sandra S. Albrecht is with the Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Theresa L. Osypuk is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
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Albrecht SS, Gordon-Larsen P. Socioeconomic gradients in body mass index (BMI) in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:842-8. [PMID: 24847088 PMCID: PMC4133132 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-203814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite comparatively lower socioeconomic status (SES), immigrants tend to have lower body weight and weaker SES gradients relative to US-born individuals. Yet, it is unknown how changes in SES over the life-course relate to body weight in immigrants versus US-born individuals. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a nationally representative, diverse sample of 13 701 adolescents followed into adulthood to investigate whether associations between SES mobility categories (educational attainment reported by individuals as adults and by their parents during adolescence) and body mass index (BMI) measured in adulthood varied by immigrant generation. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and immigrant generation. RESULTS Among first-generation immigrants, although parental education was not associated with adult BMI, an immigrant's own education attainment was inversely associated with BMI (β=-2.6 kg/m(2); SE=0.9, p<0.01). In addition, upward educational mobility was associated with lower adult mean BMI than remaining low SES (β=-2.5 kg/m(2); SE=1.2, p<0.05). In contrast, among US-born respondents, college education in adulthood did not attenuate the negative association between parental education and adult BMI. Although an SES gradient emerged in adulthood for immigrants, remaining low SES from adolescence to adulthood was not associated with loss of health advantage relative to US-born respondents of US-born parents of similar SES. CONCLUSIONS Immigrants were able to translate higher SES in adulthood into a lower adult mean BMI regardless of childhood SES, whereas the consequences of lower childhood SES had a longer reach even among the upwardly mobile US born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. Albrecht
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Halonen JI, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Stenholm S, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Vahtera J. Green and blue areas as predictors of overweight and obesity in an 8-year follow-up study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1910-7. [PMID: 24771608 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To longitudinally examine associations between proximity of urban green or blue areas and BMI. METHODS The study population consisted of the Finnish Public Sector study participants who responded to surveys in 2000 and 2008 and lived in an urban area; 15,621 of them did not move residence (nonmovers) during the follow-up, and 9696 did (movers). The associations for objectively measured distance and change in distance to blue area and usable green area with self-reported BMI were assessed (normal weight/overweight/obese). RESULTS Among the nonmovers, living >750 versus <250 m from usable green area increased the odds of overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-2.11), and living 500-750 versus <250 m from the nearest blue area increased the odds of overweight (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01-1.52). No significant associations were observed for obesity. Moving away from the proximity of green, but not blue, area (from <250 to >250m) increased the odds of obesity (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.08-2.06). CONCLUSIONS These longitudinal population level findings suggest that living far from usable green areas or waterfront in urban areas increases the risk of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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