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Farias L, Hellenius ML, Nyberg G, Andermo S. Building a healthy generation together: parents' experiences and perceived meanings of a family-based program delivered in ethnically diverse neighborhoods in Sweden. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:180. [PMID: 39261839 PMCID: PMC11389329 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Ethnically diverse neighborhoods encounter pronounced inequalities, including housing segregation and limited access to safe outdoor spaces. Residents of these neighborhoods face challenges related to physical inactivity, including sedentary lifestyles and obesity in adults and children. One approach to tackling health inequalities is through family-based programs tailored specifically to these neighborhoods. This study aimed to investigate parents' experiences and perceptions of the family-based Open Activities, a cost-free and drop-in program offered in ethnically diverse and low socioeconomic neighborhoods in Sweden. METHODS Researchers' engagement in 15 sessions of the Open Activities family-based program during the spring of 2022, and individual interviews with 12 participants were held. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three main themes and seven sub-themes representing different aspects of the program's meaning to the participants as parents, their families, and communities. The main themes describe how parents feel valued by the program, which actively welcomes and accommodates families, regardless of cultural differences within these neighborhoods. The themes also show how cultural norms perceived as barriers to participation in physical activity can be overcome, especially by mothers who express a desire to break these norms and support girls' physical activity. Additionally, the themes highlight the importance of parents fostering safety in the area and creating a positive social network for their children to help them resist criminal gang-related influences. CONCLUSIONS The program's activities allowed parents to connect with their children and other families in their community, and (re)discover physical activity by promoting a sense of community and safety. Implications for practice include developing culturally sensitive activities that are accessible to and take place in public spaces for ethnically diverse groups, including health coordinators that can facilitate communication between groups. To enhance the impact of this program, it is recommended that the public sector support the creation of cost-free and drop-in activities for families who are difficult to reach in order to increase their participation in physical activity, outreach, and safety initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Farias
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
| | - Mai-Lis Hellenius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Lidingövägen 1, Stockholm, 114 33, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Susanne Andermo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Lidingövägen 1, Stockholm, 114 33, Sweden
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Sher C, Wu C. Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity: An intersectional and life course approach. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2023; 60:763-800. [PMID: 37615391 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity improves health and well-being, but not everyone can be equally active. Previous research has suggested that racial minorities are less active than their white counterparts and immigrants are less active than their native-born counterparts. In this article, we adopt an intersectional and life course approach to consider how race and immigrant status may intersect to affect physical activity across the life span. This new approach also allows us to test the long-standing habitual versus structural debate in physical activity. Analysing data from two recent cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2015-2016 & 2017-2018), we find that physical activity is only lower among immigrants who are also racial minorities and that the gap is most significant during adulthood, but rather insignificant during adolescence and late life. The findings that inequality in physical activity is more apparent among the most disadvantaged racialised immigrants and among working-age adults when structural influences are greater suggest that inequality in physical activity is rooted in structural inequalities, rather than habitual differences. Finally, we demonstrate that the widely observed 'healthy (racialised) immigrant effect' can be underestimated if inequality in physical activity is not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Sher
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cary Wu
- Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Neshteruk CD, Day SE, Konty KJ, Armstrong SC, Skinner AC, D’Agostino EM. Severe obesity and fitness in New York City public school youth, 2010-2018. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 36797700 PMCID: PMC9933284 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with poorer youth fitness. However, little research has examined the magnitude of this relationship in youth with severe obesity. Therefore, we sought to determine the relationship between increasing weight status and fitness within a sample of children and adolescents from New York City public schools. METHODS This study utilized longitudinal data from the NYC Fitnessgram dataset years 2010-2018. Height and weight along with fitness were measured annually during physical education classes. Severity of obesity was defined using body mass index relative to the 95th percentile and then categorized into classes. A composite measure of fitness was calculated based on scores for three fitness tests: aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. To examine the weight status-fitness relationship, repeated measures mixed models with random-intercepts were constructed. Stratified models examined differences by demographic factors. RESULTS The sample included 917,554 youth (51.8% male, 39.3% Hispanic, 29.9% non-Hispanic Black, 14.0%, 4.6%, and 1.6% class I, II and III obesity, respectively). Compared to youth with healthy weight, increasing severity of obesity was associated with decreased fitness: overweight (β = - 0.28, 95% CI:-0.29;-0.28), class I obesity (β = - 0.60, 95% CI:-0.60; - 0.60), class II obesity (β = - 0.94, 95% CI:-0.94; - 0.93), and class III obesity (β = - 1.28; 95% CI:-1.28; - 1.27). Stratified models showed the association was stronger among male and non-Hispanic White youth. CONCLUSION Findings revealed that more severe obesity was associated with lower fitness. Future research is needed to develop targeted interventions to improve fitness in youth with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D. Neshteruk
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 215 Morris Street, Suite 210, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Sophia E. Day
- grid.238477.d0000 0001 0320 6731New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Kevin J. Konty
- grid.238477.d0000 0001 0320 6731New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah C. Armstrong
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 215 Morris Street, Suite 210, Durham, NC 27701 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Asheley C. Skinner
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 215 Morris Street, Suite 210, Durham, NC 27701 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Emily M. D’Agostino
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 215 Morris Street, Suite 210, Durham, NC 27701 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA
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4
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Berge JM, Trofholz A, Jacobs N, Tate A. A Mixed-Methods Description of the Home Physical Activity Environments of Racially/Ethnically Diverse and Immigrant/Refugee Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221133020. [PMCID: PMC9716596 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221133020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disparities in childhood obesity prevalence by race/ethnicity remain high. Physical activity is an important factor to consider, however little is known about how physical activity resources in the home environment and neighborhood differ by race/ethnicity. This study examines the physical activity environments in the homes and neighborhoods of diverse households using both quantitative and qualitative data. Home visits were conducted with 150 families, and accelerometry data was collected for both parents and children (5-7 years old). Qualitative interviews were also conducted with parents, which provided context to quantitative data. Racial/ethnic differences were found for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and family-level resources for physical activity (P < .05). There were also differences by race/ethnicity in neighborhood physical activity promoters and perceived lack of neighborhood safety (P < .05). This study is important in informing providers and future interventions of the varying promoters and barriers to optimal physical activity that exist across race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica M. Berge
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda Trofholz
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Amanda Trofholz, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 717 Delaware St SE, Suite 425, Room 454, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Nina Jacobs
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lee S, Lim Y. The gendered playing field: Family socioeconomic status and national gender inequality in adolescents' out-of-school physical activity. Soc Sci Med 2022; 305:115062. [PMID: 35691213 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that both gender and family socioeconomic status (SES) are important determinants of adolescents' physical activity (PA). This study expands our current knowledge by exploring the moderating role of family SES on gender differences in adolescents' out-of-school PA. We also examine whether this moderating effect varies across countries with different levels of gender inequality. Based on existing empirical studies and theoretical framework, it is hypothesized that 1) gender differences in out-of-school PA would be smaller among adolescents from higher SES families due to them being more likely to share egalitarian gender norms, and 2) this SES gradient in gender differences in adolescents' out-of-school PA would be more salient in countries with lower levels of gender inequality. A total of 316,657 15-year-old adolescents in 50 countries from the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey were analyzed. Our multilevel negative binomial regression models show that the gender gap in out-of-school PA is mitigated among families with higher SES, but this moderating role of family SES is less noticeable in countries with higher levels of national gender inequality. Our findings suggest the importance of egalitarian gender culture at both individual and macro-level in understanding gender disparities in adolescents' PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsoo Lee
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Youngshin Lim
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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From Childhood Residential Green space to Adult Mental Wellbeing: A Pathway Analysis among Chinese Adults. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12030084. [PMID: 35323403 PMCID: PMC8945553 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Residential green spaces, arguably the most accessible type of urban green space, may have lasting impacts on children and even change their lives later in adulthood. However, the potential pathways from childhood residential green space to adulthood mental wellbeing are not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey among Chinese adults (N = 770) in September 2021 to capture data on subjective measures of residential green space and nature contact during childhood, and nature connectedness, nature contact, and mental wellbeing during adulthood. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine theoretical pathways between childhood residential green space and adult mental wellbeing. The results suggest that childhood residential green space positively predicts childhood nature contact and also has direct and indirect positive impacts on nature contact, nature connectedness, and mental wellbeing during adulthood. These findings advance understanding of the long-term impacts of childhood residential green space. Policymakers are advised to prioritize residential greening as well as other recreational facilities for children when planning health-promoting environments in urban spaces. Due to limitations in our study design, we also advise future studies to re-examine and extend the framework documented here.
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7
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Maternal Perceptions of Physical Activity Spaces for Children in Texas Border colonias. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07399863211044887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined differences in mother-reported physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) based on child sex and mothers’ perceptions of PA resources for Mexican-heritage (MH) children residing in Texas-Mexico border colonias. Mothers with children 8 to 10 years old ( n = 335) from colonias in south Texas reported if there were places for their child to be physically active and their child’s hours of PA and ST per day during the week and weekend. Two-way ANCOVAs examined differences in child PA and ST based on presence of PA places and child sex. Only 46.0% of mothers ( n = 159) reported places for their child to be physically active; with no significant difference based on sex. Mothers’ perceptions of a place to play was differentially beneficial for girls’ weekday PA and ST. Findings suggest a need to increase perceived and/or actual access to PA places in colonias communities, particularly for girls.
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Rachal SS, Heerman WJ, Sommer EC, Martin NC, Barkin SL. A longitudinal analysis of relationships between neighborhood context and underserved children's physical activity in a rapidly growing city. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101437. [PMID: 34178589 PMCID: PMC8214140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood context, which may be impacted by urban growth or residential mobility, is associated with childhood physical activity. This secondary analysis examined associations of objectively measured neighborhood characteristics with young children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary/rest time (SRT) over a period of rapid infrastructure change. Underserved preschoolers (n = 426) from a 36-month obesity prevention intervention were included in a secondary analysis (2019–2020). Based on household addresses, participants were coded as movers or non-movers and linked to four neighborhood variables: 1) distance to recreation sites, 2) annual crimes, 3) annual stray dogs, and 4) Gini index of income inequality. Accelerometry captured MVPA and SRT at baseline and 36 months. Baseline-to-follow-up neighborhood variables within moved and non-moved groups were compared. Multivariable regression assessed associations between follow-up MVPA/SRT and neighborhood variables. 45.3% of participants (n = 193) moved. Distance to the closest recreation site decreased significantly for non-movers (0.75 to 0.72 mi, p < 0.001). Nearby crimes significantly decreased for both groups (movers: 90 to 80, p < 0.001; non-movers: 77 to 74, p < 0.001) as did stray dogs (movers: 36 to 15, p < 0.001; non-movers: 36 to 18, p < 0.001). Neighborhood income inequality decreased significantly for movers (0.41 to 0.38, p = 0.03). Child MVPA minutes/day significantly decreased over time from median = 84.7 [Q1 = 64.1, Q3 = 103.9] to median = 73.6 [Q1 = 56.1, Q3 = 96.0], p < 0.001). No significant associations were detected between neighborhood variables and child physical activity. In a rapidly growing county, neighborhood context generally improved over time regardless of move status. Within this context, no associations between neighborhood characteristics and MVPA/SRT were detected in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Rachal
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2209 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37240-0002, USA
| | - William J Heerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN 37212-3504, USA
| | - Evan C Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN 37212-3504, USA
| | - Nina C Martin
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN 37203-5721, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN 37212-3504, USA
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9
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The Perspective of Physical Education Teachers in Spain Regarding Barriers to the Practice of Physical Activity among Immigrant Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115598. [PMID: 34073897 PMCID: PMC8197202 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) contributes to the development of children and adolescents and to their mental and physical health. The practice of PA in the school context can contribute towards generating a more inclusive educational community for immigrant children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe the perspectives of Spanish physical education (PE) teachers on the practice of PA among immigrant children and adolescents. This research was a qualitative exploratory study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. Twenty teachers were recruited. An inductive thematic analysis and content analysis were applied. The following topics were identified: (a) Professional expectations; (b) Economic resources; (c) Integration; (d) Family; (e) Religious beliefs and practices; and (f) Gender difference. A predominance of positive emotions was identified in the narratives, and the most repeated words in word clouds were ‘Caribbean’, ‘Latin’, and ‘population’. These findings help to identify PA barriers for immigrant children and adolescents and may contribute to the creation of PA-based interventions in social and educational contexts.
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A qualitative study conducted in the United States exploring the perspectives of Brazilian immigrant fathers about their preschool-age children’s physical activity and screen time. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Luo T, Escalante CL. Stringent immigration enforcement and the mental health and health-risk behaviors of Hispanic adolescent students in Arizona. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:86-103. [PMID: 33085153 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the enforcement of SB 1070, a stringent immigration law, on the mental health, health-risk behaviors, and academic performance of Hispanic adolescent residents in Arizona. Using the difference-in-differences method, this study finds that SB 1070 increases their probability of feeling sad and decreases their physical activeness. The impact of SB 1070 on sad feelings and level of physical activity could have serious repercussions while it lasts. In addition, obese male Hispanic adolescents are more likely than their female or non-obese counterparts to develop mental health problems and engage in health-risk behaviors attributable to the stringent immigration policy. This study's empirical evidence on adverse mental health repercussions for Hispanic adolescents of state-level immigration enforcement suggests the need to be careful in formulating and implementing immigration policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Luo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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The Meaning of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of South American Immigrant Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207500. [PMID: 33076326 PMCID: PMC7602638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity facilitates the acquisition of healthy habits from childhood to adulthood. There are differences in the practice of physical activity between immigrant children and native Spanish children. The aim was to describe physical activity in children, from the perspective of South American immigrant parents. A qualitative case study was conducted. Parents were recruited using purposeful sampling. Data were collected from 12 participants by means of unstructured interviews together with researcher notes. A thematic analysis was applied. The following topics were identified: (a) physical activity and health, (b) socialization, (c) the need for movement, (d) gender, (e) barriers, (f) educational burden, (g) community living, and (h) reason for immigrating. Parents described how physical activity is fundamental and has benefits for health, and for the relationship between children. They perceived that physical activity should not be limited by gender. The time dedicated to other school activities, the norms related to community living, and financial limitations were especially relevant as barriers for the performance of physical activity. These results can be used to revise the curriculum in schools, promote equal opportunities for physical activity and support family participation.
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Gomes TN, Katzmarzyk PT, Pereira S, Thuany M, Standage M, Maia J. A Systematic Review of Children's Physical Activity Patterns: Concept, Operational Definitions, Instruments, Statistical Analyses, and Health Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165837. [PMID: 32806624 PMCID: PMC7459930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of the expression “physical activity pattern” (PAP), there apparently is no general consensus regarding its definition. This systematic review aimed to examine available research focussing on (1) definitions of PAP, (2) instruments/techniques used to describe PAP, (3) statistical approaches used to analyse PAP, and (4) implications of PAP on children’s health. A systematic review of the available literature was done to identify studies published up to October 2019, and 76 studies were eligible. None of the studies presented a formal definition of PAP; a wide range of instruments were used to investigate children’s PAP, and most of the revised studies did not explicitly present a formal statistical model to define PAP. Twenty-four papers purported to examine associations between PAP and health indicators. The review highlights no consensus on a clear PAP definition whatever the instrument used to capture it, and we did not find any agreement regarding how best to analyse PAP. We suggest that PAP should be used when targeting the investigation of similarities/dissimilarities, as well as stabilities and/or changes in children’s PA at an intra-personal level. In sum, PAP should be used to best describe individual streams of behaviours, and not exclusively PA levels/intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE 49100-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Mabliny Thuany
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Martyn Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.M.)
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Williams AD, Messer LC, Kanner J, Ha S, Grantz KL, Mendola P. Ethnic Enclaves and Pregnancy and Behavior Outcomes Among Asian/Pacific Islanders in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 7:224-233. [PMID: 31728931 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ethnic enclaves are ethnically, spatially, and socially distinct communities that may promote health through access to culturally appropriate resources and reduced exposure to discrimination. This study examined ethnic enclave residence and pregnancy outcomes among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women in the USA. DESIGN We examined 9206 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008). Ethnic enclaves were defined as hospital regions with high percentage of API residents (> 4%), high dissimilarity index (> 0.41; distribution of API and white residents within a geographic area), and high isolation index (> 0.03; interaction between API and white residents in an area). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy were reported in medical records supplemented with ICD-9 codes. Hierarchical logistic regression models estimated associations between ethnic enclaves and pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for maternal factors, area-level poverty, and air pollution. RESULTS Women in enclaves had lower odds of GDM (OR 0.61; 95%CI 0.45, 0.82), PTB (OR 0.74; 95%CI 0.56, 0.99), and SGA (OR 0.68; 95%CI 0.52, 0.89) compared with women in non-enclaves. Prenatal smoking and alcohol use appeared less likely in enclaves, but estimates were imprecise. Within enclaves, about 10.5% of homes speak an API language, compared with 6.0% in non-enclaves. The mean percent of foreign-born API populations was 67.4% in enclaves and 68.8% in non-enclaves. CONCLUSIONS API women residing in ethnic enclaves had better pregnancy outcomes than API women residing in non-enclave areas. Access to culturally appropriate social supports and resources may be important for health promotion among API populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Williams
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC, Bethesda, MD, 7004, USA
| | - Lynne C Messer
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, 506 SW Mill Street 470H, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jenna Kanner
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC, Bethesda, MD, 7004, USA
| | - Sandie Ha
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC, Bethesda, MD, 7004, USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC, Bethesda, MD, 7004, USA.
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15
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The Syrian Canadian Sports Club: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research Project with/for Syrian Youth Refugees. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci8060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we share the rationale, process, and results related to a community-based participatory action research (PAR) project in which we, among other things, aimed to attend to the underrepresentation of newcomer youth in community sport and recreation pursuits. By way of engaging with one rural county’s Syrian youth refugee population while also attending closely to a social ecological framework, we first identified obstacles and opportunities related to multiple systems (i.e., individual, social/interpersonal, organizational/community, public policy). Drawing upon multiple data sources (i.e., photos and photovoice, participants’ drawings and notes, participant-researchers’ field notes, and focus group interviews) to inform our subsequent plan-act-observe-reflect action research cycles, we and our Syrian youth participants co-created and implemented the Syrian Youth Sports Club. In addition to describing the rationale and process related to this Syrian Youth Sports Club, we focus herein upon the results, which primarily relate to participants’ experiences becoming (physically literate) and belonging.
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Early exposure to neighborhood crime and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Health Place 2019; 57:228-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Recognition of Barriers to Physical Activity Promotion in Immigrant Children in Spain: A Qualitative Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030431. [PMID: 30717329 PMCID: PMC6388143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity facilitates the acquisition of healthy habits from childhood to adulthood. Differences exist regarding the performance of physical activity among immigrant children compared to native Spanish children. The purpose of the study was to describe the barriers that exist for the promotion of physical activity. A qualitative case-study approach was implemented. Parents of immigrant children, teachers, a school principal, and priests were included, using purposeful sampling. Data were collected from 25 participants, via unstructured and semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and researchers’ field notes. A thematic analysis was performed and ecological levels were identified. Our findings revealed the following barriers to performing physical activity: (a) the meaning of physical activity, (b) gender inequalities, (c) academic burden, (d) lack of social contact, (e) expenses and family economy, (f) lack of infrastructure and natural surroundings, (g) time constraints, (h) fear and insecurity, and (i) the reason for immigrating. These results may be used to revise the school curriculum, promoting equal opportunities for physical activity and encouraging family participation. Additionally, urban design policies should be encouraged to facilitate access to open spaces for recreation within cities.
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O'Brien DT, Farrell C, Welsh BC. Broken (windows) theory: A meta-analysis of the evidence for the pathways from neighborhood disorder to resident health outcomes and behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2018; 228:272-292. [PMID: 30885673 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The criminological "broken windows" theory (BWT) has inspired public health researchers to test the impact of neighborhood disorder on an array of resident health behaviors and outcomes. This paper identifies and meta-analyzes the evidence for three mechanisms (pathways) by which neighborhood disorder is argued to impact health, accounting for methodological inconsistencies across studies. A search identified 198 studies (152 with sufficient data for meta-analysis) testing any of the three pathways or downstream, general health outcomes. The meta-analysis found that perceived disorder was consistently associated with mental health outcomes, as well as substance abuse, and measures of overall health. This supported the psychosocial model of disadvantage, in which stressful contexts impact mental health and related sequelae. There was no consistent evidence for disorder's impact on physical health or risky behavior. Further examination revealed that support for BWT-related hypotheses has been overstated owing to data censoring and the failure to consistently include critical covariates, like socioeconomic status and collective efficacy. Even where there is evidence that BWT impacts outcomes, it is driven by studies that measured disorder as the perceptions of the focal individual, potentially conflating pessimism about the neighborhood with mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T O'Brien
- School of Public Policy & Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston Area Research Initiative, Northeastern & Harvard Universities, USA.
| | - Chelsea Farrell
- School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, USA
| | - Brandon C Welsh
- School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, USA
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Somali, Latino and Hmong parents' perceptions and approaches about raising healthy-weight children: a community-based participatory research study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1079-1093. [PMID: 28803597 PMCID: PMC9931373 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immigrants in the USA are confronted with health disparities, including childhood obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. We aimed to identify perceptions of childhood body weight, approaches to raising healthy children and desires for supportive programmes of Somali, Latino and Hmong (SLM) parents in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA. DESIGN Using community-based participatory research, ten focus groups (FG) were conducted with sixty-seven parents (n 28 Somali, three FG; n 19 Latino, four FG; n 20 Hmong, three FG) of 3-12-year-old children in their native language. Demographic information was collected. RESULTS SLM parents perceived that health is not necessarily weight-based; childhood obesity is caused by overeating, eating unhealthy foods and sedentary activities; traditional foods are generally healthy while American foods are generally unhealthy; and healthy children are inherently physically active. Parents identified their goals as feeding children so they would be healthy and happy, helping them be active and safe, and teaching them to cook traditional foods to be self-sufficient and maintain their cultural identity. Parents were challenged by children's unhealthy food and sedentary preferences, their own uncertainties about healthy foods and behaviours, and structural factors. Parents thought interventions could help them with these challenges, including information about healthy foods, age-appropriate portion sizes, safe places to be active and strategies tailored to their cultural norms. CONCLUSIONS SLM parents are trying to raise healthy-weight children based on their understanding of children's health, weight, diet and physical activity, while dealing with social, economic and environmental challenges and trying to maintain cultural identity and traditions.
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Affuso O, Singleton CR, Brown SC, Perrino T, Huang S, Szapocznik J. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic environment and physical activity in Cuban immigrants. SSM Popul Health 2017; 2:130-135. [PMID: 28920072 PMCID: PMC5600286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major public health concern because it is a determinant of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Few longitudinal studies have examined the association between neighborhood socioeconomic (SES) environment and change in physical activity behaviors. Additionally, few studies have examined this association in immigrant groups or Hispanic subgroups such as Cubans. This research aimed to determine if neighborhood SES is associated with longitudinal change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Cuban immigrants who participate in the Cuban Health Study in Miami, Florida. Data on 280 participants [mean age: 37.4 (±4.6), 48.9% women, mean body mass index: 25.0 (±2.5)] collected at baseline, 12 months and 24 months were analyzed. Minutes of MVPA were objectively measured during each data collection period using accelerometers. A neighborhood SES score was calculated for each participant’s residential census tract from American Community Survey data on median household income, median housing value, educational attainment and occupation. The neighborhood SES score was grouped into tertiles, reflecting low, moderate and high neighborhood SES environment. Multilevel linear models were used to examine the relationship between neighborhood SES and change in MVPA over 24 months. At baseline, 94 (33.6%), 108 (38.6%) and 78 (27.9%) participants resided in low, moderate, and high SES neighborhoods, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, no difference in average change in MVPA over time was observed between participants residing in low and moderate SES neighborhoods (p=0.48) or low and high SES neighborhoods (p=0.62). In Cuban immigrants, longitudinal change in MVPA may not vary by neighborhood socioeconomic environment. Objectively measured time spent in MVPA was calculated among new Cuban immigrant adults. Longitudinal associations between neighborhood SES and MVPA were assessed. Study participants, on average, increased their physical activity over two years. Multilevel modeling indicated that neighborhood SES and change in MVPA were not associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Affuso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Suite 220, Birmingham, AL 35924, USA.,Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd., Suite 568, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Room 966, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W Roosevelt, Office 441, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Scott C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tatiana Perrino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Ip EH, Marshall SA, Saldana S, Skelton JA, Suerken CK, Arcury TA, Quandt SA. Determinants of Adiposity Rebound Timing in Children. J Pediatr 2017; 184:151-156.e2. [PMID: 28242030 PMCID: PMC5404387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiposity rebound (AR) or BMI (body mass index) rebound refers to the increase in BMI following the minimum BMI in early childhood. Early AR (before age 5) is predictive of adult obesity. To determine how 4 domains - demographics, maternal BMI, food security, and behavioral characteristics - may affect timing of AR. STUDY DESIGN A total of 248 children, ages 2.5-3.5 years, in Latino farmworker families in North Carolina were examined at baseline and every 3 months for 2 years. BMI was plotted serially for each child and the onset of BMI rebound was determined by visual inspection of the graphs. Given the ages of the children, all rebounds were detected before age 5 years and were deemed "early," whereas other children were classified as "nonrebounders." Classes were then compared in terms of the 4 domains with the use of bivariate analyses and linear mixed models. RESULTS A total of 131 children demonstrated early rebound, 59 children were nonrebounders, and a further 35 had inconclusive data. Parents of early rebounders were less likely to have documentation permitting legal residence in the US. Mothers of early rebounders were on average 3 BMI units heavier. Sex, household food security, diet quality, caloric intake, and daily activity did not differ between classes. In multivariable analysis, female sex, limited maternal education, increased maternal BMI, and increased caloric intake were significant predictors of early rebound. CONCLUSION High maternal BMI was the strongest predictor of early BMI rebound, but increased caloric intake also was significant. Limiting excess calories could delay premature AR and lower the risk of future obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Ip
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of
Medicine
| | - Sarah A. Marshall
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of
Medicine
| | - Santiago Saldana
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of
Medicine
| | | | | | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of
Medicine
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of
Medicine
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Physical Activity Disparities Between US-born and Immigrant Children by Maternal Region of Origin. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 18:308-17. [PMID: 25750136 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined and compared patterns in physical activity participation for children of US-born and immigrant mothers from seven world geographic regions, and tested whether the physical activity differences were attenuated by socioeconomic status or maternal language proficiency. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten data (N = 18,850) we utilized logistic regression to predict adequate vigorous physical activity and participation in group and individual sports for kindergarten children. US-born children of US-born parents have significantly higher rates of physical activity compared to immigrant children. Children of Mexican, Southeast Asian, and Caribbean immigrants were especially unlikely to participate in sports. These disparities were not significantly attenuated by socioeconomic status, but accounting for language proficiency reduced some differences between the US-born and immigrant children, particularly for group sports participation. Researchers interested in improving the physical activity patterns of second-generation children should consider the relevance of language barriers in promoting healthy living.
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Piontak JR, Schulman MD. School Context Matters: The Impacts of Concentrated Poverty and Racial Segregation on Childhood Obesity. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016; 86:864-872. [PMID: 27866387 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schools are important sites for interventions to prevent childhood obesity. This study examines how variables measuring the socioeconomic and racial composition of schools and counties affect the likelihood of obesity among third to fifth grade children. METHODS Body mass index data were collected from third to fifth grade public school students by teachers from 317 urban and rural North Carolina schools in 38 counties. Multilevel models are used to examine county-, school-, and individual-level effects. RESULTS Low concentrations of poverty at the school level are associated with lower odds of obesity. Schools in rural counties had significantly higher rates of obesity, net the other variables in the model. Students in minority-segregated schools had higher rates of obesity than those in more racially diverse schools, but the effect was not statistically significant once school-level poverty was controlled. CONCLUSIONS Place-based inequalities are important determinants of health inequalities. The results of this study show that school-level variables related to poverty are important for understanding and confronting childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Rayanne Piontak
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, 2024 W, Main Street, Bay C # 202, Durham, NC 27705-4667
| | - Michael D Schulman
- Department of Youth, Family, and Community Sciences, North Carolina State University, 512 Brickhaven Drive 210Q, Campus Box 7606, Raleigh, NC 27695-7606
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Associations Between Objective and Self-Report Measures of Traffic and Crime Safety in Latino Parents of Preschool Children. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 19:1109-1120. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Guided by the social cognitive theory, this randomized controlled trial tested the “Make a Move,” a provider-led intervention for Head Start parents aimed to produce changes in the outcomes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of physical activity and healthy eating. Participants were parents of children ages 3–5 years enrolled in a Head Start program. Participants completed a 57-item questionnaire at baseline and postintervention. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in scores on knowledge of healthy eating ( z = 1.99, p = .05), attitude of physical activity ( z = 2.71, p < .01), and behavior of physical activity ( z = 2.03, p = .04). Ten participants (77%) completed all four intervention sessions. This study provided new insights into the relationship of a provider-led intervention with respect to knowledge, attitude, and behaviors in healthy eating and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Nerud
- Nursing Department, Health Science Center, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Haifa (Abou). Samra
- Nursing Department, Health Science Center, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Gonzalo-Almorox E, Urbanos-Garrido RM. Decomposing socio-economic inequalities in leisure-time physical inactivity: the case of Spanish children. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:106. [PMID: 27406235 PMCID: PMC4942941 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and entails a substantial economic burden for health systems. Also, the analysis of inequality in lifestyles for young populations may contribute to reduce health inequalities during adulthood. This paper examines the income-related inequality regarding leisure-time physical inactivity in Spanish children. METHODS In this cross-sectional study based on the Spanish National Health Survey for 2011-12, concentration indices are estimated to measure socioeconomic inequalities in leisure-time physical inactivity. A decomposition analysis is performed to determine the factors that explain income-related inequalities. RESULTS There is a significant socioeconomic gradient favouring the better-off associated with leisure-time physical inactivity amongst Spanish children, which is more pronounced in the case of girls. Income shows the highest contribution to total inequality, followed by education of the head of the household. The contribution of several factors (education, place of residence, age) significantly differs by gender. CONCLUSIONS There is an important inequity in the distribution of leisure-time physical inactivity. Public policies aimed at promoting physical activity for children should prioritize the action into the most disadvantaged subgroups of the population. As the influence of determinants of health styles significantly differ by gender, this study points out the need of addressing the research on income-related inequalities in health habits from a gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa M. Urbanos-Garrido
- />Department of Public Finance, School of Economics, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Dixon RW, Youssef GJ, Hasking P, Yücel M, Jackson AC, Dowling NA. The relationship between gambling attitudes, involvement, and problems in adolescence: Examining the moderating role of coping strategies and parenting styles. Addict Behav 2016; 58:42-6. [PMID: 26905763 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several factors are associated with an increased risk of adolescent problem gambling, including positive gambling attitudes, higher levels of gambling involvement, ineffective coping strategies and unhelpful parenting practices. It is less clear, however, how these factors interact or influence each other in the development of problem gambling behavior during adolescence. The aim of the current study was to simultaneously explore these predictors, with a particular focus on the extent to which coping skills and parenting styles may moderate the expected association between gambling involvement and gambling problems. METHODS Participants were 612 high school students. The data were analyzed using a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model, controlling for gender. RESULTS Although several variables predicted the number of symptoms associated with problem gambling, none of them predicted the probability of displaying any problem gambling. Gambling involvement fully mediated the relationship between positive gambling attitudes and gambling problem severity. There was a significant relationship between gambling involvement and problems at any level of problem focused coping, reference to others and inconsistent discipline. However, adaptive coping styles employed by adolescents and consistent disciplinary practices by parents were buffers of gambling problems at low levels of adolescent gambling involvement, but failed to protect adolescents when their gambling involvement was high. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that research exploring the development of gambling problems is required and imply that coping and parenting interventions may have particular utility for adolescents who are at risk of development gambling problems but who are not gambling frequently.
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Short SE, Mollborn S. Social Determinants and Health Behaviors: Conceptual Frames and Empirical Advances. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 5:78-84. [PMID: 26213711 PMCID: PMC4511598 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Health behaviors shape health and well-being in individuals and populations. Drawing on recent research, we review applications of the widely applied "social determinants" approach to health behaviors. This approach shifts the lens from individual attribution and responsibility to societal organization and the myriad institutions, structures, inequalities, and ideologies undergirding health behaviors. Recent scholarship integrates a social determinants perspective with biosocial approaches to health behavior dynamics. Empirical advances model feedback among social, psychological and biological factors. Health behaviors are increasingly recognized as multidimensional and embedded in health lifestyles, varying over the life course and across place and reflecting dialectic between structure and agency that necessitates situating individuals in context. Advances in measuring and modeling health behaviors promise to enhance representations of this complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Short
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Stefanie Mollborn
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 483, Boulder, CO 80309-0483, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with long-term benefits for health and tracks from early childhood into later adolescence. Limited information exists about factors influencing physical activity among Latino preschoolers. We aimed to identify correlates of objectively measured light-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity as a proportion of wear time (% PA) in Latino 3-5 year olds. METHODS Latino preschoolers (n = 96) were recruited from Head Start centers in Houston, TX, USA, from 2009 to 2010. Sociodemographics, anthropometrics, acculturation, neighborhood disorder, and TV viewing were measured. Actigraph GT1M accelerometers measured physical activity. Block linear regression was used with % PA as the dependent variable. RESULTS Children achieved 285.7 ± 58.0 min/day of PA. In the final adjusted-model, child age, parental education and neighborhood disorder were positively associated with % PA (beta = 0.33, p = .002; beta = 0.25, p = .038; beta = 0.22, p = .039, respectively). TV viewing was inversely associated with % PA (beta=-0.23, p = .027). CONCLUSION The majority of Latino preschoolers in our study exceeded US national and international guidelines of physical activity duration. Future interventions to sustain physical activity should focus on the influence of age, socioeconomic status, neighborhood disorder, and TV viewing on Latino preschoolers' attainment of physical activity.
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Javier JR, Festa N, Florendo E, Mendoza FS. Children in Immigrant Families: The Foundation for America's Future. Adv Pediatr 2015. [PMID: 26205111 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce R Javier
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS#76, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Natalia Festa
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 1265 Welch Road, MSOB 238, Stanford, CA 94305-5459, USA
| | - Ellynore Florendo
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS#76, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Fernando S Mendoza
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 1265 Welch Road, MSOB 238, Stanford, CA 94305-5459, USA.
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Abstract
A growing body of research has examined whether racial/ethnic residential segregation contributes to health disparities, but recent findings in the literature, particularly with respect to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, have not been summarized. This review provides an overview of findings from studies of racial/ethnic residential segregation of non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics with CVD risk published between January 2011 and July 2014. The majority of studies of black segregation showed higher segregation was related to higher CVD risk, although relationships were less clear for certain outcomes. Relationships among Hispanics were more mixed and appeared to vary widely by factors such as gender, country of origin, racial identity, and acculturation. Implications for research on racial/ethnic disparities in CVD and lingering gaps in the literature are discussed as well.
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