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Neshat Ghojagh HM, Agheli L, Faraji Dizaji S, Kabir MJ, Taghvaee V. Economic instability, income, and unemployment effects on mortality: using SUR panel data in Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2024:10.1007/s10754-024-09376-1. [PMID: 38656735 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-024-09376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors on mortality in Iran. To this end, this research examines how economic instability, income, and unemployment affect mortality using a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) with panel data for 30 provinces in Iran from 2004 to 2019. The results indicate that unemployment and mortality have a countercyclical relationship among the working age-groups 20-59 but a procyclical pattern among old-age (60+), except for rural mortality. This result is harmonious between employment and age-group mortality. This finding implies that unemployment increases mortality in working age-groups due to psychological stress and poverty risk. In addition, the income level decreases mortality in all ages over 40 years due to the provision of higher access to health and medical services and social welfare. However, it increases mortality in rural areas and age-group 20-39 because of their hazardous, unsafe, and stressful work conditions. Therefore, policymakers should plan for an inclusive economic growth to reduce poverty and out-of-pocket payments and increase the quality and accessibility of public health services, especially for beneficiaries of lower social groups. Moreover, they should adopt strategies to alleviate the burden of premature, preventable, and treatable deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotfali Agheli
- Economic Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Faraji Dizaji
- Department of Economic Development and Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kabir
- Health management and social development research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Taghvaee
- Chair of Economic Growth, Structural Change and Trade, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Stroisch S, Angelini V, Schnettler S, Vogt T. Population health differences in cross-border regions within the European Union and Schengen area: a protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068571. [PMID: 37591651 PMCID: PMC10441078 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Along with European integration and the harmonisation of living conditions, improvements in health have been observed over the past decades. However, sociospatial inequalities within and across member states still exist today. While drivers of these health inequalities have been widely researched on a national and regional scale, cross-border regions remain understudied. The removal of border controls within the European Union (EU) member states has facilitated economic convergence and created new opportunities, including cross-border cooperation in the healthcare systems. However, whether and how these developments have influenced the population health in the respective cross-border regions is unclear. Hence, this scoping review aims to examine the empirical literature on the changes in health outcomes over time at the population level in EU cross-border areas. Additionally, we aim to identify the type of evidence and available data sources in those studies. Finally, we will determine the research gaps in the literature. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for this scoping review. The 'Population-Concept-Context' framework will be used to identify the eligibility criteria. A three-step search strategy will be conducted to find relevant studies in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCOhost (SocIndex). Additionally, we will search on websites of international governmental institutions for further reports and articles. The finalisation of the search is planned for August 2023. The extracted data from the scoping review will be presented in a tabular form. A narrative summary of the selected studies will accompany the tabulated results and describe how they answer the research questions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We will exclusively use secondary data from available studies for our analysis. Therefore, this review does not require ethical approval. We aim to publish our findings at (inter-)national conferences and as an open-access, peer-reviewed journal article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stroisch
- Population Research Centre, University of Groningen Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Social Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Viola Angelini
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schnettler
- Institute for Social Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogt
- Population Research Centre, University of Groningen Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Prasana School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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French MT, Gumus G. Death on the job: The Great Recession and work-related traffic fatalities. Soc Sci Med 2021; 280:113979. [PMID: 34022584 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In light of recent discussions about shifting employees from traditional workplaces to virtual employment, we are motivated by the question of whether this phenomenon will end up saving lives even in the absence of an infectious disease outbreak. Motor vehicle incidents are the leading cause of work-related fatalities in the US, killing more than 1200 workers each year, which make up about a quarter of all work-related deaths. Not only are motor vehicle crashes the top killer at work, but economic expansions can further increase occupational and traffic deaths as they both tend to be procyclical. In this paper, we examine the effects of business cycles on traffic fatalities in the US with a special focus on work-related deaths. Specifically, we implement a longitudinal design across all 50 states by compiling quarterly data for 2004-2012 and consider macroeconomic fluctuations around the Great Recession. Our findings show that traffic deaths during prosperous times are not solely due to an increase in risky behaviors such as drunk driving, but directly related to work. Given the highly preventable nature of traffic crashes, policy makers, public health advocates, and employers can develop effective strategies, including remote work arrangements, to improve both occupational and traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T French
- University of Miami, Miami Herbert Business School, Department of Health Management and Policy, USA.
| | - Gulcin Gumus
- Department of Management Programs, Florida Atlantic University, USA; IZA, Bonn, Germany.
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Leinsalu M, Baburin A, Jasilionis D, Krumins J, Martikainen P, Stickley A. Economic fluctuations and urban-rural differences in educational inequalities in mortality in the Baltic countries and Finland in 2000-2015: a register-based study. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:223. [PMID: 33334349 PMCID: PMC7745473 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined urban-rural differences in educational inequalities in mortality in the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Finland in the context of macroeconomic changes. Educational inequalities among 30–74 year olds were examined in 2000–2003, 2004–2007, 2008–2011 and 2012–2015 using census-linked longitudinal mortality data. We estimated age-standardized mortality rates and the relative and slope index of inequality. Overall mortality rates were larger in rural areas except among Finnish women. Relative educational inequalities in mortality were often larger in urban areas among men but in rural areas among women. Absolute inequalities were mostly larger in rural areas excepting Finnish men. Between 2000–2003 and 2012–2015 relative inequalities increased in most countries while absolute inequalities decreased except in Lithuania. In the Baltic countries the changes in both relative and absolute inequalities tended to be more favorable in urban areas; in Finland they were more favorable in rural areas. The overall pattern changed during the reccessionary period from 2004–2007 to 2008–2011 when relative inequalities often diminished or the increase slowed, while the decrease in absolute inequalities accelerated with larger improvements observed in urban areas. Despite substantial progress in reducing overall mortality rates in both urban and rural areas in all countries, low educated men and women in rural areas in the Baltic countries are becoming increasingly disadvantaged in terms of mortality reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leinsalu
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - A Baburin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - D Jasilionis
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Demographic Research Centre, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - J Krumins
- Demography unit, Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - P Martikainen
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Stickley
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden
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Zhang X, Warner ME, Wethington E. Can Age-Friendly Planning Promote Equity in Community Health Across the Rural-Urban Divide in the US? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1275. [PMID: 32079197 PMCID: PMC7068446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the US, rural communities face challenges to meet the community health needs of older adults and children. Meanwhile, rural areas lag in age-friendly built environment and services. AARP, a US based organization promoting livability for all ages, has developed a Livability Index based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) domains of age-friendly communities: health, housing, neighborhood, transportation, environment, engagement, and opportunity. This study links the 2018 AARP Livability Index categories with demographic structure and socio-economic factors from the American Community Survey at the county level in the US to examine if the physical, built and social environment differentiate communities with better community health across the rural-urban divide. Results show that the neighborhood built environment has the largest impact on community health for all county types. Although rural areas lag in community health, those which give more attention to engagement and opportunity rank higher. Rural communities with more African Americans, children, and poor Whites, rank lower on community health. While neighborhood characteristics have the strongest link to community health, a broader approach with attention to age, race, poverty and engagement and opportunity is needed for rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Mildred E. Warner
- Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Elaine Wethington
- Department of Human Development, Roybal Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
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Bruckner TA, Ima AM, Nguyen TT, Noymer A. Race and life expectancy in the USA in the Great Depression. GENUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41118-019-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bilal U, Glass TA, Del Cura-Gonzalez I, Sanchez-Perruca L, Celentano DD, Franco M. Neighborhood social and economic change and diabetes incidence: The HeartHealthyHoods study. Health Place 2019; 58:102149. [PMID: 31220800 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association between neighborhood social and economic change and type 2 diabetes incidence in the city of Madrid (Spain). We followed 199,621 individuals living in 393 census tracts for diabetes incidence for 6 years using electronic health records, starting in 2009. We measured neighborhood social and economic change from 2005 to 2009 using a finite mixture model with 16 indicators that resulted in four types of neighborhood change. Adjusted results showed an association between neighborhood change and diabetes incidence: compared to those living in Aging/Stable areas, people living in Declining SES, New Housing and Improving SES areas have an 8% (HR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99), 9% (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.01) and 11% (HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98) decrease in diabetes incidence. This evidence can help guide policies for diabetes prevention by focusing efforts on specific urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Social and Cardiovascular Research Group, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas A Glass
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isabel Del Cura-Gonzalez
- Primary Care Research Unit, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain; Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud y Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perruca
- Primary Care Research Unit, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud y Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - David D Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuel Franco
- Social and Cardiovascular Research Group, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Uprety D. Skilled migration and health outcomes in developing countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 19:1-14. [PMID: 29713859 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-018-9242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have found that health outcomes decline when health professionals leave the country, but do such results remain consistent in gender- and income-disaggregated skilled migration? To help uncover explanations for such a pro-migration nature of health outcomes, the present study revisits this topic but allows for associations of skilled migration with mortality and life expectancy to differ between male and female, and between low- and high-income countries. Using a panel of 133 developing countries as source and 20 OECD countries as destination from 1980 to 2010 allowing the coefficient on emigration across different education levels to differ, the study finds the negative effect of high-skilled emigration on health outcomes. Such effect is more pronounced for high-skilled female migration than those for male and for low-income countries than for middle-and high-income countries. Results also show that such adverse effect is larger for African countries than non-African ones. However, the low-skilled migration appears to be insignificant to affect health outcomes in developing countries. Thus, skilled migration is detrimental to longevity in developing countries but unskilled migration is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dambar Uprety
- Cameron School of Business, University of North Carolina, 601 S College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
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Hamersma S, Hou Y, Kim Y, Wolf D. Business Cycles, Medicaid Generosity, and Birth Outcomes. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-018-9483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Freitas FV, Barbosa WM, Silva LAA, Garozi MJDO, Pinheiro JDA, Borçoi AR, Conti CL, Arpini JK, de Paula H, de Oliveira MM, Archanjo AB, de Freitas ÉAS, de Oliveira DR, Borloti EB, Louro ID, Alvares-da-Silva AM. Psychosocial stress and central adiposity: A Brazilian study with a representative sample of the public health system users. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197699. [PMID: 30063700 PMCID: PMC6067710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the association between indicators of psychosocial stress and central adiposity in adult users of the Unified Health System (SUS) from Southeast of Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 adults (20 to 59 years old) from the city of Alegre, Southeastern Brazil. The simple random sample represented the population using the public health system of the municipality. The prevalence of obesity was based on the Body Mass Index, and central adiposity (dependent variable) was measured by waist circumference in centimeters. The independent variables were the following indicators of psychosocial stress: food and nutrition insecurity (yes/no), serum cortisol (μg/dL), symptoms suggestive of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II ≥ 17 (yes/no), and altered blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg (yes/no). Univariate linear regression was performed between central adiposity and each stress indicator, and later the models were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, and lifestyle variables. All analyses were made separately by rural and urban location. Results The prevalence of weight excess, by the classification of the Body Mass Index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, was 68.3% and, by waist circumference, 71.5% of individuals presented an increased risk for metabolic complications related to central adiposity. Mean waist circumference scores for the rural and urban population were 89.3 ± 12.7 cm and 92.9 ± 14.7 cm, respectively (p = 0.012). Indicators of stress that were associated with central adiposity were: cortisol in the rural population (β = -0.60; 95% CI = -1.09;-0.11) and altered blood pressure in the urban population (β = 6.66; 95% CI = 2.14;11.18). This occurred both in the raw analysis and in the models adjusted for confounding factors. Conclusion Central adiposity was inversely associated with cortisol in the rural population and directly associated with higher arterial blood pressure in the urban population, suggesting a local influence on how individuals react to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Vitorino Freitas
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Wagner Miranda Barbosa
- Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlia de Assis Pinheiro
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Aline Ribeiro Borçoi
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Catarine Lima Conti
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Heberth de Paula
- Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mota de Oliveira
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Anderson Barros Archanjo
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Iuri Drumond Louro
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Adriana Madeira Alvares-da-Silva
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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