1
|
Reile R, Rehm J. Does higher alcohol consumption affect attitudes towards alcohol control measures in Estonia? PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100455. [PMID: 38405229 PMCID: PMC10885783 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze whether higher alcohol consumption is associated with negative attitudes towards stricter alcohol control policy measures in Estonia. Study design Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from 2022 (n = 2059). Methods Attitudes towards seven alcohol control measures and their association with high-risk alcohol consumption (>140 g absolute alcohol for men and >70 g for women per week) were analyzed using used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression using nationally representative data on Estonian 15-74-year-old population. Results In general, high-risk consumption associated with lower acceptance for alcohol control policies. Although men had higher prevalence of opposing alcohol control measure for every item considered, both men and women with high-risk alcohol consumption were significantly more likely to be against alcohol control measures in general even after accounting for the variation by demographic characteristics. Conclusions As public opinion is detrimental to the successful implementation of alcohol policies, these findings emphasize the need to communicate alcohol-related harms to the public in order to increase awareness and support for alcohol control policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Reile
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research & Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P8, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Program on Substance Abuse & WHO CC, 81-95 Roc Boronat St., 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fagan MJ, Vanderloo LM, Banerjee A, Ferguson LJ, Lee EY, O'Reilly N, Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Assessing Support for Policy Actions With Co-Benefits for Climate Change and Physical Activity in Canada. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:256-265. [PMID: 38154019 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calls to action addressing the interconnections between physical (in)activity and the climate crisis are increasing. The current study aimed to investigate public support for policy actions that potentially have co-benefits for physical activity promotion and climate change mitigation. METHODS In 2023, a survey through the Angus Reid Forum was completed by 2507 adults living in Canada. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Separate models were created to reflect support or opposition to the 8 included policy items. Several covariates were included in the models including age, gender, political orientation, physical activity levels, income, urbanicity climate anxiety, and attitudes surrounding physical activity and climate change. The data were weighted to reflect the gender, age, and regional composition of the country. RESULTS Most individuals living in Canada strongly or moderately supported all actions (ranging from 71% to 85%). Meeting the physical activity guidelines, higher self-reported income, and scoring high on personal experience of climate change were associated with higher odds of supporting the policy actions related to climate actions. CONCLUSIONS Most adults living in Canada support policies that align with the recommended policy actions related to physical activity and climate change. National campaigns enhancing awareness and understanding of the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and climate change are warranted, and these should consider the consistent demographic differences (eg, gender, age, and political orientation) seen in public support for physical activity-related policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fagan
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ananya Banerjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leah J Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Norman O'Reilly
- Graduate School of Business, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klingemann H, Lesch M. The confluence of legacy, corporate social responsibility, and public health: The case of Migros and alcohol-free retailing in Switzerland. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 125:104333. [PMID: 38350167 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol policy studies have traditionally focused on formal policymaking processes. Retail cooperatives, however, have rarely been studied as sites of public health interventions. Migros, a cooperatively owned chain of supermarkets in Switzerland, has long forbidden alcohol sales in its supermarkets. Focusing on processes of framing, this study explores a recent unsuccessful attempt to reverse the long-standing ban via membership vote in 2022. METHODS The study draws on a range of data sources, including company documents, a televised debate, and the results of a large online survey among the general population conducted ahead of the referendum. Using thematic analysis, it investigates various campaign-related arguments, including those made by Migros management, NGOs, and other key campaign participants. RESULTS Proponents and opponents used a combination of public health, economic/market-oriented, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) frames. Migros's longstanding dedication to CSR, its participatory governance structure, and the regional political dynamics in the Swiss context are essential in understanding the nature and impact of framing. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-related harm arises from a complex interaction between different social, political, and economic factors. Reducing harm requires approaches that consider the range of contexts and measures that can shape alcohol availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Klingemann
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern Academy of the Arts (HKB), Institute of Design Research (IDR) Bern Switzerland, Fellerstrasse 11, Bern, CH-3027, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew Lesch
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gage R, Connor J, Jackson N, McKerchar C, Signal L. Generating political priority for alcohol policy reform: A framework to guide advocacy and research. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:381-392. [PMID: 38017702 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While effective policies exist to reduce alcohol-related harm, political will to enact them is low in many jurisdictions. We aimed to identify key barriers and strategies for strengthening political priority for alcohol policy reform. METHODS A framework synthesis was conducted, incorporating relevant theory, key informant interviews (n = 37) and a scoping review. Thematic analysis informed the development of a framework for understanding and influencing political priority for alcohol policy. RESULTS Twelve barriers and 14 strategies were identified at multiple levels (global, national and local). Major barriers included neoliberal or free trade ideology, the globalised alcohol industry, limited advocate capacity and the normalisation of alcohol harms. Strategies fell into two categories: sector-specific and system change initiatives. Sector-specific strategies primarily focus on influencing policymakers and mobilising civil society. Examples include developing a clear, unified solution, coalition building and effective framing. System change initiatives target structural change to reduce the power imbalance between industry and civil society, such as restricting industry involvement in policymaking and securing sustainable funding for advocacy. A key example is establishing an international treaty, similar to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, to support domestic policymaking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a framework for understanding and advancing political priority for alcohol policy. The framework highlights that progress can be achieved at various levels and through diverse groups of actors. The importance of upstream drivers of policymaking was a key finding, presenting challenges for time-poor advocates, but offering potential facilitation through effective global leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gage
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jennie Connor
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Christina McKerchar
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise Signal
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stumbrys D, Tamutienė I, Moskalewicz J, Sieroslawski J. Changes in attitudes toward alcohol control policies in Lithuania: findings from two representative surveys in 2015 and 2020. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:664-674. [PMID: 37603857 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2238322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: A set of evidence-based alcohol control policy measures was adopted in the period 2016-2020 in Lithuania. The present study fills a knowledge gap on how changes in alcohol control policy are associated with attitudes toward different alcohol policy measures.Objective: This study aims to explore whether support for key alcohol control policy measures in Lithuania declined following implementation of alcohol control measures.Methods: Data came from the Standard European Alcohol Survey. Two representative surveys with the same questionnaire, were conducted in Lithuania in 2015 (N = 1513, 51.7% female, response rate was 38.9%) and 2020 (N = 1015, 50.6% female, response rate was 38.0%). Multi-stage stratified probability sampling was applied. Surveys were carried out using computer-assisted face-to-face interviews, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses was applied. We used a binomial logistic regression analysis and the Pearson chi-square test.Results: There was a significant decline in a proportion of respondents who agreed that the number of alcohol selling places should be kept low (OR: 0.84, p = .032), alcohol prices should be kept high (OR: 0.83, p = .027), and the police should be allowed to randomly check whether the driver is sober (OR: 0.65, p < .001). The proportion of respondents who agree that individuals are responsible enough with their drinking significantly declined (OR: 0.76, p = .003).Conclusion: Support for restrictions on alcohol-selling points, increase in alcohol price, and random alcohol testing of drivers declined following the adoption of new alcohol control policy measures. Our findings might be beneficial for policy-makers planning alcohol control policies and information campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daumantas Stumbrys
- Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Tamutienė
- Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jacek Moskalewicz
- Department of Studies on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sieroslawski
- Department of Studies on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Edmunds CER, Gold N, Burton R, Smolar M, Walmsley M, Henn C, Egan M, Tran A, Harper H, Dale MK, Brown H, Londakova K, Sheron N, Greaves F. The effectiveness of alcohol label information for increasing knowledge and awareness: a rapid evidence review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1458. [PMID: 37525214 PMCID: PMC10388453 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumers have difficulty understanding alcoholic units and low risk drinking guidelines (LRDG). Labelling may improve comprehension. The aims of this rapid evidence review were to establish the effectiveness of on-bottle labelling for (i) improving comprehension of health risks; (ii) improving comprehension of unit and/or standard drink information and/or LRDG, and (iii) reducing self-reported intentions to drink/actual drinking. METHODS Electronic database searches were carried out (January 2008-November 2018 inclusive). Papers were included if they were: published in English; from an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development country; an experimental/quasi-experimental design. Papers were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Ten papers were included. Most studies were moderate quality (n = 7). RESULTS Five themes emerged: comprehension of health risks; self-reported drinking intentions; comprehension of unit/standard drink information and/or LRDG; outcome expectancies; and label attention. Labelling can improve awareness, particularly of health harms, but is unlikely to change behaviour. Improved comprehension was greatest for labels with unit information and LRDG. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol labelling can be effective in improving people's comprehension of the health risks involved in drinking alcohol enabling them to make informed consumption decisions, and perhaps thereby provide a route to changing behaviour. Thus, effective alcohol labelling is an intervention that can be added to the broader suite of policy options. That being said, the literature reviewed here suggests that the specific format of the label matters, so careful consideration must be given to the design and placement of labels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E R Edmunds
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK.
- School of Psychology, Bath Spa University, Bath, BA2 9BN, UK.
| | - Natalie Gold
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
- Behavioural Practice, Kantar Public, 4 Millbank, Westminster, London, SW1P 3JA, UK
| | - Robyn Burton
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Maria Smolar
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Matthew Walmsley
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Clive Henn
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Mark Egan
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Anh Tran
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Hugo Harper
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Max Kroner Dale
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Helen Brown
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Kristina Londakova
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Nick Sheron
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Felix Greaves
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Booth L, McCausland T, Keric D, Kennington K, Stevens-Cutler J, Scott L, Pettigrew S. Evaluating an alcohol harm-reduction campaign advising drinkers of the alcohol-cancer link. Addict Behav 2023; 145:107760. [PMID: 37269794 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Public awareness of the alcohol-cancer link is low. Provision of this information could reduce alcohol consumption and related harms. The Spread campaign is a multi-media education campaign implemented in Western Australia to inform people about the carcinogenic properties of alcohol and associated harms. The aims of the present study were to (i) examine attitudinal and behavioural outcomes of the Spread campaign and (ii) identify demographic and drinking status factors associated with enactment of harm-reduction behaviours resulting from exposure. METHOD A cross sectional survey of Western Australian drinkers (consumed alcohol at least a few times in the previous 12 months, n = 760) examined campaign recognition, campaign perceptions, and behaviours resulting from campaign exposure. Chi-square analyses and a generalised linear model were used to identify demographic and alcohol-related factors associated with behavioural outcomes. RESULTS Around two-thirds of respondents recognised the campaign (65%), and of these, 22% reported successfully reducing how often or how much they drank due to seeing the campaign. Three quarters (73%) of all respondents considered the campaign message about the alcohol-cancer link to be believable. Respondents drinking at levels above the Australian guideline were less likely to have positive perceptions of the campaign than those complying with the guideline, but were more likely to report enacting the assessed harm-reduction behaviours as a result of campaign exposure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggest that provision of information about the alcohol-cancer link has the potential to motivate reduced alcohol consumption. Implementing such campaigns could constitute an effective alcohol harm-reduction strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Booth
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Tahnee McCausland
- Mental Health Commission, Western Australian Government, 1/1 Nash St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Danica Keric
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Level 1/420 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.
| | - Kelly Kennington
- Mental Health Commission, Western Australian Government, 1/1 Nash St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - James Stevens-Cutler
- Mental Health Commission, Western Australian Government, 1/1 Nash St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Lucy Scott
- Mental Health Commission, Western Australian Government, 1/1 Nash St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Priming COVID-19's consequences can increase support for investments in public health. Soc Sci Med 2023; 324:115840. [PMID: 37040679 PMCID: PMC10019036 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Can messaging that emphasizes the costs of COVID-19 increase popular support for more proactive public health policies? People who experience disasters often become more supportive of policies to address their underlying causes, and the pandemic may have similar spillover effects for public opinion. To test this idea, the study implements a survey experiment in Italy, Germany, and the United States in which half of the respondents were randomly assigned to a prime about the impact of the pandemic prior to answering questions about their support for public health policies. The results show that respondents who received the prime became more favorable toward increased government spending on domestic and foreign public health programs alike. These treatment effects were consistent across countries, across two different surveys in the United States conducted at different points in time, and across partisan subgroups. However, the treatment did not consistently increase support for more active and intrusive government policies to address specific public health challenges like smoking or HIV/AIDS. The results suggest that public health advocates may benefit from messaging that connects COVID-19 to the need for public health funding beyond the context of the pandemic.
Collapse
|
9
|
Public perceptions of responsibility for alcohol control actions by actor type in seven countries. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107486. [PMID: 36084414 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many governments are failing to systematically introduce evidence-based alcohol control policies, and debate continues around issues of market freedom and personal responsibility. The aim of this international study was to assess the extent to which the public considers a range of alcohol control policies to be the responsibility of three different categories of actors: government, the private sector, and individuals. Around 1000 respondents from seven countries (Australia, Canada, China, India, New Zealand, the UK, and the US; n = 7559) completed an online survey assessing demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption status, and perceived responsibility for four alcohol harm-reduction actions relating to alcohol availability, advertising, and public education campaigns. Across the total sample and all assessed actions, governments were selected as an appropriate actor in 66 % of instances, the private sector in 39 %, and individuals in 28 %. Respondents from New Zealand were most likely to consider the actions to be government responsibility and respondents from the US the least. In relatively few instances (8 %), respondents considered the actions unworthy of attention by any actor. Across all seven countries, governments were considered to be the most appropriate actors to undertake actions relating to restricting alcohol availability, regulating alcohol advertising, and disseminating campaigns to educate the public about alcohol-related harm. The results indicate that the public may be receptive to greater intervention in these areas.
Collapse
|
10
|
Current Developments in European Alcohol Policy: An Analysis of Possible Impacts on the German Wine Industry. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In February 2022, the European Parliament agreed on a far-reaching package of measures to regulate alcohol consumption in its vote on “Strengthening Europe in the fight against cancer”. This article therefore elaborates on the most important positions and directions of current European alcohol policy and discusses possible effects on the German wine industry based on existing literature. It can be shown that the attitudes towards alcohol consumption sometimes differ considerably within the European Union, but that there is increasing harmonization of consumption-regulating measures in the course of European integration. However, alcohol policies in the EU are limited by an unclear scientific assessment of “moderate” consumption. This is supplemented by moderate social awareness and the scientific discourse on the effectiveness of alcohol policy measures, as well as a lack of government initiative and legal barriers. Ultimately, the German wine industry finds itself confronted with new scientific findings, associated political demands and creeping changes in social attitudes towards alcoholic beverages.
Collapse
|
11
|
Larsen J, Christmas S, Souter A. Perceptions of alcohol health harm among midlife men in England: a qualitative interview study. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2022.2138833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Larsen
- Independent Researcher (Previously Director of Evidence and Impact at Drinkaware, UK)
| | - Simon Christmas
- Independent Researcher (Previously Director of Evidence and Impact at Drinkaware, UK)
| | - Amanda Souter
- Independent Researcher (Previously Director of Evidence and Impact at Drinkaware, UK)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Athauda L, Peiris‐John R, McCool J, Wickremasinghe R, Ameratunga S. The alcohol marketing policy environment and adolescent drinking in Sri Lanka: A qualitative exploration of stakeholder perspectives. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lathika Athauda
- School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Kelaniya Colombo Sri Lanka
| | | | - Judith McCool
- School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Rajitha Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Kelaniya Colombo Sri Lanka
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roldan KD, Garcia J, Valencia B, Ayala JA, Garcia C, McMullen J, Bavarian N. Upstream Approaches to Addressing Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Diversion: Exploring Perspectives of College Students Who Misuse and Divert. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426221090176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background We interviewed college students who engage in prescription stimulant misuse and diversion to better understand perspectives on prevention and intervention strategies. Methods Trained student researchers at one southern California university completed 32 face-to-face interviews with students who had a history of misuse and/or diversion. Participants provided insights on programs, policies, and practices that have the potential to deter behavior. Data were analyzed inductively via thematic analysis. Results Students were often misinformed or unaware of existing programs, policies and practices. Additionally, some students felt their behaviors would not be detected, whereas other students felt the fear of being detected would lead them to change their behaviors. Harm reduction and treatment-based approaches to address misuse were also recommended. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of better educating students about, and enforcing, existing policies. In addition, the need to better inform students of existing campus programs is warranted.
Collapse
|
14
|
Howse E, Cullerton K, Grunseit A, Bohn-Goldbaum E, Bauman A, Freeman B. Measuring public opinion and acceptability of prevention policies: an integrative review and narrative synthesis of methods. Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 35246170 PMCID: PMC8895540 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acceptability of and public support for prevention are an important part of facilitating policy implementation. This review aims to identify, summarize and synthesize the methods and study designs used to measure and understand public opinion, community attitudes and acceptability of strategies to prevent chronic noncommunicable disease (NCDs) in order to allow for examination of imbalances in methodological approaches and gaps in content areas. We searched four scientific databases (CINAHL, Embase, Ovid/MEDLINE and Scopus) for peer-reviewed, English-language studies published between January 2011 and March 2020 in high-income, democratic countries across North America, Europe and the Asia–Pacific region. Studies were included if they focused on opinions, attitudes and acceptability of primary prevention strategies and interventions addressing the key NCD risk factors of alcohol use, unhealthy diet, overweight/obesity, tobacco use and smoking, and physical inactivity. A total of 293 studies were included. Two thirds of studies (n = 194, 66%) used quantitative methods such as cross-sectional studies involving surveys of representative (n = 129, 44%) or convenience (n = 42, 14%) samples. A smaller number of studies used qualitative methods (n = 60, 20%) such as focus groups (n = 21, 7%) and interviews (n = 21, 7%). Thirty-nine studies (13%) used mixed methods such as content analysis of news media (n = 17, 6%). Tobacco control remains the dominant topic of public opinion literature about prevention (n = 124, 42%). Few studies looked solely at physical inactivity (n = 17, 6%). The results of this review suggest that public opinion and acceptability of prevention in the peer-reviewed literature is investigated primarily through cross-sectional surveys. Qualitative and mixed methods may provide more nuanced insights which can be used to facilitate policy implementation of more upstream strategies and policies to prevent NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Howse
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia. .,Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Katherine Cullerton
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erika Bohn-Goldbaum
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Allen LN, Wild CEK, Loffreda G, Kak M, Aghilla M, Emahbes T, Bonyani A, Hatefi A, Herbst C, El Saeh HM. Non-communicable disease policy implementation in Libya: A mixed methods assessment. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000615. [PMID: 36962549 PMCID: PMC10021530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Libyan Ministry of Health is keen to understand how it can introduce policies to protect its population from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We aimed to perform an implementation research assessment of the current situation, including challenges and opportunities. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. We started with a quantitative assessment of NCD policy performance based on review of the WHO NCD Progress Monitor Reports. Once we had identified Libya's NCD policy gaps we performed a systematic review to identify international lessons around barriers and successful strategies for the policies Libya has not yet implemented. Finally, we performed a series of key stakeholder interviews with senior policymakers to explore their perspectives around promising policy actions. We used a realist paradigm, methods triangulation, and a joint display to synthesise the interpretation of our findings and develop recommendations. Libya has not fully implemented any of the recommended policies for diet, physical activity, primary care guidelines & therapeutics, or data collection, targets & surveillance. It does not have robust tobacco policies in place. Evidence from the international literature and policymaker interviews emphasised the centrality of according strong political leadership, governance structures, multisectoral engagement, and adequate financing to policy development activities. Libya's complex political and security situation are major barriers for policy implementation. Whilst some policies will be very challenging to develop and deploy, there are a number of simple policy actions that could be implemented with minimum effort; from inviting WHO to conduct a second STEPS survey, to signing the international code on breast-milk substitutes. Like many other fragile and conflict-affected states, Libya has not accorded NCDs the policy attention they demand. Whilst strong high-level leadership is the ultimate key to providing adequate protections, there are a range of simple measures that can be implemented with relative ease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke N Allen
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cervantée E K Wild
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Loffreda
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mohini Kak
- World Bank Middle East and North Africa, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | - Arian Hatefi
- World Bank Middle East and North Africa, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Haider M El Saeh
- Libya National Centre for Disease Control, Tajoura, Libya
- University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stockwell T, Giesbrecht N, Vallance K, Wettlaufer A. Government Options to Reduce the Impact of Alcohol on Human Health: Obstacles to Effective Policy Implementation. Nutrients 2021; 13:2846. [PMID: 34445006 PMCID: PMC8399748 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for effective government policies to reduce exposure to alcohol's carcinogenic and hepatoxic effects has strengthened in recent decades. Policies with the strongest evidence involve reducing the affordability, availability and cultural acceptability of alcohol. However, policies that reduce population consumption compete with powerful commercial vested interests. This paper draws on the Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation (CAPE), a formal assessment of effective government action on alcohol across Canadian jurisdictions. It also draws on alcohol policy case studies elsewhere involving attempts to introduce minimum unit pricing and cancer warning labels on alcohol containers. Canadian governments collectively received a failing grade (F) for alcohol policy implementation during the most recent CAPE assessment in 2017. However, had the best practices observed in any one jurisdiction been implemented consistently, Canada would have received an A grade. Resistance to effective alcohol policies is due to (1) lack of public awareness of both need and effectiveness, (2) a lack of government regulatory mechanisms to implement effective policies, (3) alcohol industry lobbying, and (4) a failure from the public health community to promote specific and feasible actions as opposed to general principles, e.g., 'increased prices' or 'reduced affordability'. There is enormous untapped potential in most countries for the implementation of proven strategies to reduce alcohol-related harm. While alcohol policies have weakened in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, societies may now also be more accepting of public health-inspired policies with proven effectiveness and potential economic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Norman Giesbrecht
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5V 2B4, Canada; (N.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Ashley Wettlaufer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5V 2B4, Canada; (N.G.); (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selin J, Raisamo S. Association between public opinion of gambling policies, gambling behavior and demographics: a national survey in Finland. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1908396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jani Selin
- The Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Raisamo
- The Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Osman M, Schwartz P, Wodak S. Sustainable Consumption: What Works Best, Carbon Taxes, Subsidies and/or Nudges? BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2021.1889553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
19
|
Wiggers J, Tindall J, Hodder RK, Gillham K, Kingsland M, Lecathelinais C. Public opinion and experiences of crime two and five years following the implementation of a targeted regulation of licensed premises in Newcastle, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:489-498. [PMID: 33215797 PMCID: PMC7984221 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS In 2008 additional licensing restrictions were imposed on 'high-risk' licensed premises in the entertainment precinct of Newcastle (Australia) including earlier closing, a 'lock-out' and additional responsible service of alcohol restrictions. A study was conducted to assess community perceptions, experiences of crime and support for the restrictions, 2 and 5 years following implementation. DESIGN AND METHODS Telephone surveys were conducted with random samples of Newcastle community members (≥18 years) in 2010 and 2013. Change over time in perceptions and experiences of crime, and awareness and support of the conditions was analysed using logistic regression analyses for all participants, and separately for night-time visitors. RESULTS Among all participants (2010: n = 376; 2013: n = 314) the perception that alcohol misuse was a problem declined between 2010 and 2013 for all participants (90% to 85%; P = 0.02), and specifically among night-time visitors (87% to 75%; P = 0.06). Awareness of the restrictions was high among all participants and sub-groups, and remained constant over time. Support for the restrictions was also high, with drink restrictions being the most popular. More night-time visitors reported that conditions made the streets safer in 2013 (62%) than 2010 (47%; P = 0.05). Support for applying restrictions to all licensed premises in the Newcastle entertainment precinct (83%) and across New South Wales was high in 2013 (86%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS At 2 years and 5 years following implementation of additional licensing restrictions, significant improvements in public perceptions of the occurrence of alcohol-related harm and crime were evident, as were high levels of support for the restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population HealthNewcastleAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| | - Jenny Tindall
- Hunter New England Population HealthNewcastleAustralia
| | - Rebecca K. Hodder
- Hunter New England Population HealthNewcastleAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| | - Karen Gillham
- Hunter New England Population HealthNewcastleAustralia
| | - Melanie Kingsland
- Hunter New England Population HealthNewcastleAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| | - Christophe Lecathelinais
- Hunter New England Population HealthNewcastleAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peña S, Sierralta P, Norambuena P, Leyton F, Pemjean A, Román F. Alcohol policy in Chile: a systematic review of policy developments and evaluations. Addiction 2021; 116:438-456. [PMID: 32710455 DOI: 10.1111/add.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To comprehensively review enacted and proposed alcohol laws and existing impact evaluations of national alcohol policies in Chile. METHODS We searched enacted laws in the Chilean National Library of Congress, proposed laws in the websites of the House of Deputies and Senate and impact evaluations in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, JSTOR, Epistemonikos and OpenGrey from inception to February 2019. Eligibility criteria included enacted laws and proposed laws on national alcohol policies and research studies evaluating the impact of national alcohol policies. One author screened enacted laws and proposed laws; two authors independently screened research records. We included any national alcohol policy intervention and classified policies according to 10 World Health Organization (WHO) alcohol policy domains. We used the Cochrane EPOC Review Group criteria to assess risk of bias of research records. We registered the review protocol in PROSPERO, registration record CRD42016050156. RESULTS We identified and screened 229 enacted laws, 138 proposed laws and 1538 research records. Of these, 72 enacted laws, 118 proposed laws and three research articles were eligible for synthesis. We found enacted policies in all WHO alcohol policy domains. Regarding the most cost-effective policies, Chile has made limited use of taxation, has not regulated alcohol marketing and has weakened alcohol availability regulation. We found a large number of proposed laws, 79% of which would strengthen alcohol control. The few impact evaluation studies examined drink-driving policies and found a short-term reduction of alcohol-related injuries and deaths. CONCLUSIONS Chile has enacted alcohol policies in all World Health Organization policy domains, but has not adopted policies with highest likely cost-effectiveness. Only the impact of drink-driving policies has been evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Peña
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Norambuena
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alfredo Pemjean
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Román
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Are perceptions of government intervention for prevention different by gender and age? Results from the AUStralian Perceptions Of Prevention Survey (AUSPOPS). Prev Med 2020; 141:106289. [PMID: 33091415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding public opinion and community attitudes is needed to help the implementation of chronic disease prevention policies that are acceptable to the population. The AUStralian Perceptions Of Prevention Survey ('AUSPOPS') is a national survey designed to provide evidence on the views of Australians regarding government intervention for prevention. However there is limited evidence whether age and gender have modifying effects on attitudes about prevention. METHODS Using results from the 2018 AUSPOPS dataset, this study examines whether the effect of age on attitudes about prevention is modified by the effect of gender. Survey questions included views about statements for government intervention and whether government had gone far enough for thirteen different preventive interventions. RESULTS 2601 Australian residents aged 18 years or older participated in the survey (response rate 16.7%). Results showed strong support for prevention framed as a shared responsibility between governments and individuals. Interventions where >50% of respondents felt the government had not gone far enough in prevention were restricting unhealthy food advertising for children and setting salt limits on processed food. There were significant age by gender interactions in a small number (n = 4) of questions examining support for government intervention for prevention, suggesting young men were least in favour of more action by government. CONCLUSIONS There is general support in the Australian community for government intervention for prevention. Policymakers could capitalize on this sentiment by prioritizing policies with high levels of support across all groups, and target population subgroups on issues where acceptability appears to be heterogenous.
Collapse
|
22
|
Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218153. [PMID: 33158210 PMCID: PMC7662601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the alcohol environment comparing residents’ perceptions and objective measures in two different income-level districts. Measures were gathered between 2017 and 2018 in two districts with different income levels in Madrid, Spain. We obtained perceived measures using Photovoice. We procured objective measures through social systematic observation. Data were integrated using triangulation. Perceived and objective measures of the alcohol environment were characterized and compared in terms of alcohol availability, alcohol promotion, and signs of alcohol consumption. The integration was classified as agreement, partial agreement, or dissonance. The results related to alcohol availability and signs of its consumption showed high agreement. Availability was high in both areas, which was recognized by residents. Residents of the high-income district (HID) discussed fewer signs of alcohol consumption, whilst those in the low-income district (LID) reported extensive signs of consumption. Such observations agreed with the objective measures. There were dissonances between the approaches for alcohol promotion. Although the alcohol promotion was higher in HID according to the objective measures, it was deeply discussed by LID residents. Both methodologies helped us deepen the understanding of the alcohol environment. These results may help design more effective interventions to prevent hazardous drinking.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vallance K, Vincent A, Schoueri-Mychasiw N, Stockwell T, Hammond D, Greenfield TK, McGavock J, Hobin E. News Media and the Influence of the Alcohol Industry: An Analysis of Media Coverage of Alcohol Warning Labels With a Cancer Message in Canada and Ireland. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 32359058 PMCID: PMC7201216 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Media coverage of alcohol-related policy measures can influence public debate and is often more aligned with interests of the alcohol industry than public health. The purpose of this study was to examine the framing of news coverage of alcohol warning label (AWL) initiatives that included a cancer message on alcohol containers in two different countries. Policy contexts and industry perspectives were also evaluated. METHOD We identified and systematically reviewed news articles published between 2017-2019 covering an AWL academic study in Yukon, Canada, and labeling provisions in a Public Health (Alcohol) Bill in Ireland. Both included a cancer message. News stories were coded for media type and topic slant; inclusion of alcohol industry perspectives was examined using content analysis. RESULTS Overall, 68.4% of media articles covering the Yukon Study (n = 38) and 18.9% covering the Ireland Bill (n = 37) were supportive of AWLs with a cancer message. The majority of articles in both sites presented alcohol industry perspectives (Yukon, 65.8%; Ireland, 86.5%), and industry arguments opposing AWLs were similar across both contexts. In articles with statements from industry representatives, the label message was frequently disputed by distorting or denying the evidence that alcohol causes cancer (n = 33/43). CONCLUSIONS News coverage of AWLs with a cancer message was more supportive in Canada than Ireland, where alcohol industry perspectives were consistently foregrounded. Industry arguments opposing the cancer label bore similarities across contexts, often distorting or denying the evidence. Increasing awareness of industry messaging strategies may generate more critical coverage of industry lobbying activities and increase public support for alcohol policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Erin Hobin
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vallance K, Stockwell T, Zhao J, Shokar S, Schoueri-Mychasiw N, Hammond D, Greenfield TK, McGavock J, Weerasinghe A, Hobin E. Baseline Assessment of Alcohol-Related Knowledge of and Support for Alcohol Warning Labels Among Alcohol Consumers in Northern Canada and Associations With Key Sociodemographic Characteristics. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 32359055 PMCID: PMC7201212 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence-informed alcohol warning labels (AWLs) are a promising, well-targeted strategy to increase consumer awareness of health risks. We assessed consumers' baseline knowledge of alcohol-related cancer risk, standard drinks, and low-risk drinking guidelines as well as levels of support for AWLs. We further assessed associations with sociodemographic factors. METHOD Forming part of a larger study testing new evidence-informed AWLs in a northern Canadian territory compared with a neighboring territory, baseline surveys were completed among liquor store patrons systematically selected in both sites. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess outcomes. RESULTS In total, 836 liquor store patrons (47.8% female) completed baseline surveys across both sites. Overall, there was low knowledge of alcohol-related cancer risk (24.5%), limited ability to calculate a standard drink (29.5%), and low knowledge of daily (49.5%) and weekly (48.2%) low-risk drinking guideline limits. There was moderate support for AWLs with a health warning (55.9%) and standard drink information (51.4%), and lower support for low-risk drinking guideline labels (38.7%). No sociodemographic characteristics were associated with cancer knowledge. Identifying as female and having adequate health literacy were associated with support for all three AWLs; high alcohol use was associated with not supporting standard drink (adjusted odds ratio = 0.60, 95% CI [0.40, 0.88]) and low-risk drinking guideline (adjusted odds ratio = 0.57, 95% CI [0.38, 0.87]) labels. CONCLUSIONS Few consumers in this study had key alcohol-related health knowledge; however, there was moderate support for AWLs as a tool to raise awareness. Implementation of information-based interventions such as evidence-informed AWLs with health messages including alcohol-related cancer risk, standard drink information, and national drinking guidelines is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simran Shokar
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ashini Weerasinghe
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Hobin
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karlsson D, Holmberg S, Weibull L. Solidarity or self-interest? Public opinion in relation to alcohol policies in Sweden. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2020; 37:105-121. [PMID: 32934597 PMCID: PMC7434170 DOI: 10.1177/1455072520904644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this article is to study how people sometimes accept policies that could in a narrow sense be seen as in conflict with their own self-interest. Design The study is based on survey data relating to public opinion on alcohol policy in Sweden targeted at people aged 16-85 years 2016-2017. Among the 3400 people questioned, the response rate was 52%. Results The results show that people's perception of the problematic societal consequences of alcohol, in combination with ideological norms regarding the responsibility of individuals, is much more important in explaining public opinion than self-interest factors. It is the view that there is a problem at the societal level, rather than at the personal level, that is most essential for explaining opinions on alcohol restrictions. General knowledge of alcohol-related matters has some effect, whereas personal experiences of close affiliates excessive drinking does not seem to color the opinions expressed. Conclusion Support for restrictive alcohol policies in Swedish public opinion is mainly founded on norms of solidarity and astute problem analyses at the societal level, and to a much lesser extent on egoism and personal experiences.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dekker MR, Jones A, Maulik PK, Pettigrew S. Public support for alcohol control initiatives across seven countries. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 82:102807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
27
|
Adolescents' Alcohol Use in Botellon and Attitudes towards Alcohol Use and Prevention Policies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113885. [PMID: 32486276 PMCID: PMC7312522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a common drug misused by young people worldwide. Previous studies have found that attitudes towards heavy consumption are stronger predictors than general norms concerning alcohol. This study aims to explore adolescents’ alcohol use and drunkenness, to understand adolescents’ attitudes towards alcohol use, drunkenness and prevention approaches, and to explore associations between attitudes and personal alcohol use and demographics. Methods: Cross-sectional face-to-face survey of 410 adolescents (61.2% women) who were socializing at night in the streets of Palma (Spain). Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC), self-reported measures of alcohol use and social variables were assessed. Results: 70.7% of respondents had a BrAC score higher than 0. The full sample reported having a mean of 3.9 drunk episodes in the last month, and a mean of 7.34 in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A total of 30.7% were under the minimum age limit for alcohol drinking in Spain and males showed higher BrAC than females. Bivariate analyses identified some differences in attitudes across participant demographics and personal alcohol use. In conclusion, we found high levels of alcohol use and drunkenness amongst adolescents, and adolescents’ attitudes towards drunkenness and prevention approaches were associated with their alcohol consumption as well as with age.
Collapse
|
28
|
Castanié S, Munoz Sastre MT, Kpanake L, Mullet E. Mapping and comparing French people's positions regarding restrictive control policies: a pilot study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020; 15:25. [PMID: 32192501 PMCID: PMC7082909 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public authorities resort to various control policies in order to curb the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors. As these policies can only succeed to the extent that people agree with them, this study mapped French people's positions regarding restrictive control policies in general. METHOD A sample of 344 adults (among them health professionals and lawyers) were presented with 54 vignettes depicting a control policy. Each vignette contained four pieces of information: the type of addictive behavior targeted (smoking, drinking, or gambling), the nature of preventive measures (e.g., information campaigns), the degree of regulative measures (e.g., prohibition to minors), and the severity of sanctions. RESULTS Through cluster analysis, eight qualitatively different positions were found: Never acceptable (9%), Weak or moderate regulation (5%), Moderate regulation associated with strong prevention (11%), Strong or moderate regulation (11%), Strong regulation in association with strong prevention (23%), Moderate sanctions in association with strong prevention and moderate regulation (9%), Severe sanctions (9%), and Always acceptable (9%). Some participants (14%) expressed no opinion at all. CONCLUSION French people's positions regarding control policies were extremely diverse. Regarding tobacco, however, one type of policy would likely be supported by a majority of people: Moderate regulation associated with at least a moderate level of prevention and low-level sanctions. Regarding alcohol, an acceptable position would be: Moderate regulation associated with at least a moderate level of prevention and high-level sanctions. Regarding gambling, an acceptable position would be: Strong regulation associated with at least a moderate level of prevention and low-level sanctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Castanié
- CERPPS, Maison de la recherche, Federal University of Toulouse, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, cedex 9 France
| | - Maria Teresa Munoz Sastre
- CERPPS, Maison de la recherche, Federal University of Toulouse, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, cedex 9 France
| | - Lonzozou Kpanake
- University of Québec – TELUQ, 5800, rue Saint-Denis, Bureau 1105, Montréal, Québec H2S 3L5 Canada
| | - Etienne Mullet
- Institute of Advanced Studies (EPHE), 17 bis, rue Quefes, Plaisance du Touch, 31830 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vallance K, Vincent A, Schoueri-mychasiw N, Stockwell T, Hammond D, Greenfield TK, McGavock J, Hobin E. News Media and the Influence of the Alcohol Industry: An Analysis of Media Coverage of Alcohol Warning Labels With a Cancer Message in Canada and Ireland. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:273-283. [PMID: 32359058 PMCID: PMC7201216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Media coverage of alcohol-related policy measures can influence public debate and is often more aligned with interests of the alcohol industry than public health. The purpose of this study was to examine the framing of news coverage of alcohol warning label (AWL) initiatives that included a cancer message on alcohol containers in two different countries. Policy contexts and industry perspectives were also evaluated. METHOD We identified and systematically reviewed news articles published between 2017-2019 covering an AWL academic study in Yukon, Canada, and labeling provisions in a Public Health (Alcohol) Bill in Ireland. Both included a cancer message. News stories were coded for media type and topic slant; inclusion of alcohol industry perspectives was examined using content analysis. RESULTS Overall, 68.4% of media articles covering the Yukon Study (n = 38) and 18.9% covering the Ireland Bill (n = 37) were supportive of AWLs with a cancer message. The majority of articles in both sites presented alcohol industry perspectives (Yukon, 65.8%; Ireland, 86.5%), and industry arguments opposing AWLs were similar across both contexts. In articles with statements from industry representatives, the label message was frequently disputed by distorting or denying the evidence that alcohol causes cancer (n = 33/43). CONCLUSIONS News coverage of AWLs with a cancer message was more supportive in Canada than Ireland, where alcohol industry perspectives were consistently foregrounded. Industry arguments opposing the cancer label bore similarities across contexts, often distorting or denying the evidence. Increasing awareness of industry messaging strategies may generate more critical coverage of industry lobbying activities and increase public support for alcohol policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nour Schoueri-mychasiw
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas K. Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Erin Hobin
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weerasinghe A, Schoueri-Mychasiw N, Vallance K, Stockwell T, Hammond D, McGavock J, Greenfield TK, Paradis C, Hobin E. Improving Knowledge that Alcohol Can Cause Cancer is Associated with Consumer Support for Alcohol Policies: Findings from a Real-World Alcohol Labelling Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E398. [PMID: 31936173 PMCID: PMC7014334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer is low in Canada. Alcohol labels are one strategy for communicating alcohol-related harms, including cancer. Extending existing research observing an association between knowledge of the alcohol-cancer link and support for alcohol policies, this study examined whether increases in individual-level knowledge that alcohol is a carcinogen following an alcohol labelling intervention are associated with support for alcohol polices. Cancer warning labels were applied to alcohol containers at the intervention site, and the comparison site did not apply cancer labels. Pre-post surveys were conducted among liquor store patrons at both sites before and two-and six-months after the intervention was stopped due to alcohol industry interference. Limiting the data to participants that completed surveys both before and two-months after the cancer label stopped, logistic regression was used to examine the association between increases in knowledge and support for policies. Support for pricing and availability policies was low overall; however, increases in individual-level knowledge of the alcohol-cancer link was associated with higher levels of support for pricing policies, specifically, setting a minimum unit price per standard drink of alcohol (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.11-3.12). Improving knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer using labels may increase support for alcohol policies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/16320.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 2Y2, Canada; (K.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 2Y2, Canada; (K.V.); (T.S.)
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
| | | | - Catherine Paradis
- Canadian Centre for Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7, Canada;
| | - Erin Hobin
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada; (A.W.); (N.S.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kilian C, Manthey J, Moskalewicz J, Sieroslawski J, Rehm J. How Attitudes toward Alcohol Policies Differ across European Countries: Evidence from the Standardized European Alcohol Survey (SEAS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224461. [PMID: 31766281 PMCID: PMC6888135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol policy endorsements have changed over time, probably interacting with the implementation and effectiveness of alcohol policy measures. The Standardized European Alcohol Survey (SEAS) evaluated public opinion toward alcohol policies in 20 European locations (19 countries and one subnational region) in 2015 and 2016 (n = 32,641; 18–64 years). On the basis of the SEAS report, we investigated regional differences and individual characteristics related to categories of alcohol policy endorsement. Latent class analysis was used to replicate cluster structure from the SEAS report and to examine individual probabilities of endorsement. Hierarchical quasi-binomial regression models were run to analyze the relative importance of variables of interest (supranational region, gender, age, educational achievement, and drinking status) on class endorsement probability, with random intercepts for each location. The highest support for alcohol control policies was recorded in Northern countries, which was in contrast to the Eastern countries, where the lowest support for control policies was found. Across all locations, positive attitudes toward control policies were associated with the female gender, older age, and abstaining from alcohol. Our findings underline the need to communicate alcohol-related harm and the implications of alcohol control policies to the public in order to increase awareness and support for such policies in the long run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kilian
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany (J.R.)
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Moskalewicz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Janusz Sieroslawski
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany (J.R.)
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- WHO Collaboration Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Alexander Solzhenitsyn Street 28/1, 109004 Moscow, Russian
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Merrell E, Johnson B. A proposal for an alcohol purchase license. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:143-148. [PMID: 31689140 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1676432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent advances in technology have allowed for innovative targeting of high-risk alcohol users.Objectives: We propose the implementation of an alcohol purchase license linked to a state agency managed database, or so-called Banned Drinker Register (BDR).Methods: Individuals who are unable to drink safely will be identified by a well-founded criterion and their ability to purchase alcohol proscribed. A state agency will be responsible for maintaining the BDR and compiling mandated reports from hospitals, courts, police and child protective agencies of alcohol-related dangerous behavior, adjudicating reports with the input of those involved in these events, and determining which individuals will not be allowed to purchase alcohol. Outlets of alcohol sales will then be required to assess customers for eligibility of alcohol purchase using an electronic card reader (as used for age verification). Individuals wanting to protect themselves from drinking may also self-request to be placed on the BDR.Results: Overall, the convenience/access for persons who injure themselves with alcohol and others with intoxicated behavior would be reduced. Opportunities for cost savings would come from a decrease in yearly incarcerations, a reduction in preventable traffic accidents and property damage requiring state municipal intervention, a decreased cost to offending individuals by preventing increased insurance rates, loss of jobs to incarceration and loss of potential future wages, and the possibility of preventing long term medical complications of chronic alcohol use and its toll on the health care system.Conclusions: Health benefits will include increased public safety and awareness about drinking consequences and reduced alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Merrell
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Reynolds JP, Archer S, Pilling M, Kenny M, Hollands GJ, Marteau TM. Public acceptability of nudging and taxing to reduce consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and food: A population-based survey experiment. Soc Sci Med 2019; 236:112395. [PMID: 31326778 PMCID: PMC6695289 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of choice architecture or 'nudge' interventions to change a range of behaviours including the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food. Public acceptability is key to implementing these and other interventions. However, few studies have assessed public acceptability of these interventions, including the extent to which acceptability varies with the type of intervention, the target behaviour and with evidence of intervention effectiveness. These were assessed in an online study using a between-participants full factorial design with three factors: Policy (availability vs size vs labelling vs tax) x Behaviour (alcohol consumption vs tobacco use vs high-calorie snack food consumption) x Evidence communication (no message vs assertion of policy effectiveness vs assertion and quantification of policy effectiveness [e.g., a 10% change in behaviour]). Participants (N = 7058) were randomly allocated to one of the 36 groups. The primary outcome was acceptability of the policy. Acceptability differed across policy, behaviour and evidence communication (all ps < .001). Labelling was the most acceptable policy (supported by 78%) and Availability the least (47%). Tobacco use was the most acceptable behaviour to be targeted by policies (73%) compared with policies targeting Alcohol (55%) and Food (54%). Relative to the control group (60%), asserting evidence of effectiveness increased acceptability (63%); adding a quantification to this assertion did not significantly increase this further (65%). Public acceptability for nudges and taxes to improve population health varies with the behaviour targeted and the type of intervention but is generally favourable. Communicating that these policies are effective can increase support by a small but significant amount, suggesting that highlighting effectiveness could contribute to mobilising public demand for policies. While uncertainty remains about the strength of public support needed, this may help overcome political inertia and enable action on behaviours that damage population and planetary health.
Collapse
|
34
|
Healthy Public Policy Options to Promote Physical Activity for Chronic Disease Prevention: Understanding Canadian Policy Influencer and General Public Preferences. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:565-574. [PMID: 31170864 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attitudes and beliefs of policy influencers and the general public toward physical activity policy may support or impede population-level action, requiring improved understanding of aggregate preferences toward policies that promote physical activity. METHODS In 2016, the Chronic Disease Prevention Survey was administered to a census sample of policy influencers (n = 302) and a stratified random sample of the public (n = 2400) in Alberta and Québec. Using net favorable percentages and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' intervention ladder framework to guide analysis, the authors examined support for evidence-based healthy public policies to increase physical activity levels. RESULTS Less intrusive policy options (ie, policies that are not always the most impactful) tended to have higher levels of support than policies that eliminated choice. However, there was support for certain types of policies affecting influential determinants of physical activity such as the built environment (ie, provided they enabled rather than restricted choice) and school settings (ie, focusing on children and youth). Overall, the general public indicated stronger levels of support for more physical activity policy options than policy influencers. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings may be useful for health advocates in identifying support for evidence-based healthy public policies affecting more influential determinants of physical activity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Katikireddi SV, Beeston C, Millard A, Forsyth R, Deluca P, Drummond C, Eadie D, Graham L, Hilton S, Ludbrook A, McCartney G, Phillips T, Stead M, Ford A, Bond L, Leyland AH. Evaluating possible intended and unintended consequences of the implementation of alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP) in Scotland: a natural experiment protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028482. [PMID: 31221890 PMCID: PMC6596978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scotland is the first country to carry out a national implementation of minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol. MUP aims to reduce alcohol-related harms, which are high in Scotland compared with Western Europe, and to improve health equalities. MUP is a minimum retail price per unit of alcohol. That approach targets high-risk alcohol users. This work is key to a wider evaluation that will determine whether MUP continues. There are three study components. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Component 1 sampled an estimated 2800 interviewees at a baseline and each of two follow-ups from four Emergency Departments in Scotland and Northern England. Research nurses administered a standardised survey to assess alcohol consumption and the proportion of attendances that were alcohol-related.Component 2 covered six Sexual Health Clinics with similar timings and country allocation. A self-completion survey gathered information on potential unintended effects of MUP on alcohol source and drug use.Using a natural experiment design and repeated cross-sectional audit, difference between Scotland (intervention) and North England (control) will be tested for outcomes using regression adjusting for differences at baseline. Differential impacts by age, gender and socioeconomic position will be investigated.Component 3 used focus groups with young people and heavy drinkers and interviews with stakeholders before and after MUP implementation. The focus groups will allow exploration of attitudes, experiences and behaviours and the potential mechanisms by which impacts arise. The interviews will help characterise the implementation process. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Study components 1 and 2 have been ethically approved by the NHS, and component 3 by the University of Stirling. Dissemination plans include peer-reviewed journal articles, presentations, policy maker briefings and, in view of high public interest and the high political profile of this flagship policy, communication with the public via media engagement and plain language summaries. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN16039407; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare Beeston
- Scottish Public Health Observatory, NHS Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Millard
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow School of Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ross Forsyth
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow School of Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Colin Drummond
- Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Eadie
- School of Health Sciences, Institute for Social Marketing, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Shona Hilton
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow School of Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Ludbrook
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gerry McCartney
- Scottish Public Health Observatory, NHS Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Phillips
- Faculty of Health Sciences Institute for Clinical and Applied Health Research (ICAHR), University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Martine Stead
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling and the Open University, Stirling, UK
| | - Allison Ford
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Lyndal Bond
- Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alastair H Leyland
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow School of Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yun L, Vanderloo LM, Berry TR, Latimer-Cheung AE, O'Reilly N, Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Political Orientation and Public Attributions for the Causes and Solutions of Physical Inactivity in Canada: Implications for Policy Support. Front Public Health 2019; 7:153. [PMID: 31316958 PMCID: PMC6611409 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine how public attributions for the causes and solutions of physical inactivity and individuals' self-identified political orientation are associated with support for different policy actions in addressing physical inactivity. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted with a sample of 2,044 Canadian adults. Two sets of 2 X 3 analyses of variance and post-hoc analyses were conducted to assess (1) the mean differences by the causes of the issue of physical inactivity (individual, or both internal and external/external) and political orientation (liberal, centrist, and conservative), and (2) responsibility for solutions (private matter, or both private and public health matter, and /public health matter) and political orientation on support for least, moderate, and most intrusive policy actions. Results: No interaction effects existed between causal attribution and political orientation on policy support, but a main effect of causal attributions for physical inactivity and political orientation was significant. Those who held internal attributions for the cause of physical inactivity showed less support for policies compared to those who held external causal attributions or both internal and external causal attributions. Conservative individuals reported the least support for all policy actions in comparison to liberal or centrist orientations. There were interaction effects between responsibility for solutions and political orientation on policy support. Conservative individuals who perceived the responsibility for solving physical inactivity as a private matter had less support for all three policy actions. Conclusions: Public acceptance of policy actions addressing physical inactivity varies by the attributions the public have regarding causes and responsibility for solving the problem, and by political orientation. Advocacy and messaging for policy implementation in the physical activity arena needs to be communicated in ways that encourage reflective and informed deliberation that is representative of the Canadian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lira Yun
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tanya R Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- College of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Beard E, West R, Lorencatto F, Gardner B, Michie S, Owens L, Shahab L. What do cost-effective health behaviour-change interventions contain? A comparison of six domains. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213983. [PMID: 30995224 PMCID: PMC6469762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To help implement behaviour change interventions (BCIs) in practice it is important to be able to characterize their key components. This study compared broad features of cost-effective BCIs that addressed smoking, diet, physical activity, alcohol and sexual health. It also assessed the association of these with the magnitude of the cost-effectiveness estimates. METHODS A content analysis of 79 interventions based on 338 intervention descriptions was conducted, using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to classify intervention content in terms of intervention functions, and the BCT taxonomy to identify and categorise component Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT). Regression analysis identified the association of these with upper (pessimistic) and lower (optimistic) cost-effectiveness estimates. RESULTS The most and least common functions and BCT clusters were education (82.3%) and shaping knowledge (79.7%), and coercion (3.8%) and covert learning (2.5%). Smoking interventions contained the largest ([Formula: see text] = 12) number of BCTs and were most cost-effective. Several other factors were associated with worse (coercionfunction βupper = 36551.24; shaping knowledgeBCT βlower = 2427.78; comparison of outcomesBCT βupper = 9067.32; repetition and substitutionBCT βupper = 7172.47) and better (modellingfunction βlower = -2905.3; environmental restructuringfunction βupper = -8646.28; reward and threatBCT βupper = -5577.59) cost-effectiveness (p<0.05). DISCUSSION Cost-effective BCIs rely heavily on education with smoking interventions exhibiting the most comprehensive range of BCTs. Providing an example to aspire to, restructuring the environment and rewarding positive behaviour may be associated with greater cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Beard
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert West
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Lorencatto
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Michie
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Owens
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yun L, Vanderloo L, Berry TR, Latimer-Cheung AE, O’Reilly N, Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Assessing the social climate of physical (in)activity in Canada. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1301. [PMID: 30482164 PMCID: PMC6258462 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological models suggest that a strategy for increasing physical activity participation within a population is to reconstruct the "social climate". This can be accomplished through 1) changing norms and beliefs, 2) providing direct support for modifying environments, and 3) implementing policies to encourage physical activity. Nevertheless, surveillance efforts have paid limited attention to empirical assessment of social climate. This study responds to this gap by assessing the social climate of physical activity in Canada. METHODS A representative sample of Canadian adults (n = 2519, male/female = 50.3%/49.7%, Mage = 49.1 ± 16.3 years) completed an online survey asking them to assess social climate dimensions including social norms of physical (in)activity, perceptions of who causes physical inactivity and who is responsible for solving physical inactivity, and support for physical activity-related policy. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) were calculated. Multinomial logistic regressions were constructed to identify whether demographic variables and physical activity participation associated with social climate dimensions. RESULTS Physical inactivity was considered a serious public health concern by 55% of the respondents; similar to unhealthy diets (58%) and tobacco use (57%). Thirty-nine percent of the respondents reported that they often see other people exercising. Twenty-eight percent of the sample believed that society disapproves of physical inactivity. The majority of respondents (63%) viewed the cause of physical inactivity as both an individual responsibility and other factors beyond an individuals' control. Sixty-seven percent of respondents reported physical inactivity as being both a private matter and a public health matter. Strong support existed for environmental-, individual-, and economic-level policies but much less for legislative approaches. The social climate indicators were associated with respondents' level of physical activity participation and demographic variables in expected directions. CONCLUSION This study is the first known attempt to assess social climate at a national level, addressing an important gap in knowledge related to advocating for, and implementing population-level physical activity interventions. Future tracking will be needed to identify any temporal (in)stability of these constructs over time and to explore the relationship between physical activity participation and indicators of the national social climate of physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lira Yun
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station 337, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | | | - Tanya R. Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | | | - Norman O’Reilly
- College of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station 337, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Support for evidence-based alcohol policy in Ireland: results from the Community Action on Alcohol Pilot Project. J Public Health Policy 2018; 40:76-90. [PMID: 30382156 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-018-0151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In Ireland, the Public Health (Alcohol) Bill proposes introducing minimum unit pricing, health labelling, and advertising restrictions to tackle excessive consumption. The aim of this research was to examine the level of support for evidence-based alcohol control policy among the Irish population. We conducted a household survey using quota sampling in three pilot sites in Southern Ireland. Consumption, attitude, and behaviour questions were taken from previously validated instruments. In total, 1075 individuals completed the questionnaire. Hazardous alcohol consumption was reported by 51.1% of the population, 31.5% of women, and 69.8% of men. The majority of individuals (> 50%) supported alcohol policy measures. These individuals are more likely to be low-risk drinkers, older individuals, and report alcohol-related issues in their local area. In the context of Ireland's Public Health (Alcohol) Bill, this research signals support for evidence-based strategies including minimum unit pricing and a reduction and separation of alcohol sales outlets.
Collapse
|
40
|
Communicating quantitative evidence of policy effectiveness and support for the policy: Three experimental studies. Soc Sci Med 2018; 218:1-12. [PMID: 30312911 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the prices of products that harm health is an effective intervention for changing behaviour to improve health but public support for such interventions is generally low. The current paper investigates whether communicating evidence of a policy's effectiveness at tackling the focal problem could increase support. Across three studies we develop an infographic for communicating quantitative evidence of the effectiveness of a hypothetical tax to tackle childhood obesity. We investigate first, whether communicating evidence of effectiveness increases (a) perceived effectiveness (Studies 1,2,3) and (b) support for the policy, and second, whether any increase in perceived effectiveness mediates an increase in support (Studies 1 & 3). In all three studies (combined N = 9654) communicating evidence of effectiveness for the intervention increased perceived effectiveness. In Study 1, communicating evidence did not change support for the policy. Variations of the infographic were developed in Study 2 with one emerging as clearer and easier to comprehend. This infographic was therefore used in Study 3 in which it increased support for the tax from 45% to 49%, an effect that was mediated by perceived effectiveness. The effect sizes were small but probably meaningful at a population level. The results of these three studies suggest the potential for presenting quantitative evidence of intervention effectiveness to increase public support. Much uncertainty remains about the most effective ways of presenting this evidence, whether similar effects are achieved by presenting unquantified evidence and whether larger effects might be achieved by presenting information other than effectiveness.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bates S, Holmes J, Gavens L, de Matos EG, Li J, Ward B, Hooper L, Dixon S, Buykx P. Awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer is associated with public support for alcohol policies. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:688. [PMID: 29866082 PMCID: PMC5987582 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, alcohol is causally related to 2.5 million deaths per year and 12.5% of these are due to cancer. Previous research has indicated that public awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer is low and this may contribute to a lack of public support for alcohol policies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between awareness of the alcohol-cancer link and support for a range of alcohol policies in an English sample and policy context. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 2100 adult residents in England was conducted in which respondents answered questions regarding awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer and support for 21 policy proposals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the 21 policy proposals down to a set of underlying factors. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relationship between awareness of the alcohol-cancer link and each of these policy factors. RESULTS Thirteen per cent of the sample were aware of the alcohol-cancer link unprompted, a further 34% were aware when prompted and 53% were not aware of the link. PCA reduced the policy items to four policy factors, which were named price and availability, marketing and information, harm reduction and drink driving. Awareness of the alcohol-cancer link unprompted was associated with increased support for each of four underlying policy factors: price and availability (Beta: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10), marketing and information (Beta: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.09), harm reduction (Beta: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.14), and drink driving (Beta: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Support for alcohol policies is greater among individuals who are aware of the link between alcohol and cancer. At the same time, a large proportion of people are unaware of the alcohol-cancer link and so increasing awareness may be an effective approach to increasing support for alcohol policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bates
- University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - John Holmes
- University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Lucy Gavens
- University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Dixon
- University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Penny Buykx
- University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brown R, Murphy S. Contrasting staff and student views on alcohol education provision in a UK university. DRUGS (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 26:229-237. [PMID: 31058270 PMCID: PMC6474724 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2018.1475548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol education and awareness aims to teach individuals the risks of excess consumption. It is common in UK universities, despite limited evidence of success with student cohorts. This research explored the development and delivery of such alcohol activities at one UK university. In-depth, one-to-one interviews were carried out with non-academic staff and with first-year students. These aimed to understand the development of alcohol awareness messages and staff involvement in delivery, as well as exploring student responses to key alcohol educational activities. Results indicate that alcohol is a normalized aspect of UK student identity and is accepted as such by students and staff. Despite this, there is a widely held view that the university has a responsibility to provide alcohol education and awareness, which forms the basis of current practice on campus. This reflects perception of education interventions as non-coercive and acceptable within the staff-student relationship, with limited support for more interventionist approaches with a group engaging in a legal behavior with strong cultural associations. However, staff approval of education as appropriate for this audience is contradicted by students, who reject these same approaches as reminiscent of school, instead favoring self-directed learning or peer-led programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brown
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sanchez-Ramirez DC, Franklin RC, Voaklander D. Perceptions About Alcohol Harm and Alcohol-control Strategies Among People With High Risk of Alcohol Consumption in Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia. J Prev Med Public Health 2018; 51:41-50. [PMID: 29397645 PMCID: PMC5797720 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.17.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore alcohol perceptions and their association hazardous alcohol use in the populations of Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia. METHODS Data from 2500 participants of the 2013 Alberta Survey and the 2013 Queensland Social Survey was analyzed. Regression analyses were used to explore the association between alcohol perceptions and its association with hazardous alcohol use. RESULTS Greater hazardous alcohol use was found in Queenslanders than Albertans (p<0.001). Overall, people with hazardous alcohol were less likely to believe that alcohol use contributes to health problems (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.78; p<0.01) and to a higher risk of injuries (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.90; p<0.05). Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol contributes to health problems (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; p<0.05) and were also less likely to choose a highly effective strategy as the best way for the government to reduce alcohol problems (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.91; p=0.01). Queenslanders with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol was a major contributor to injury (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.77; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that people with hazardous alcohol use tend to underestimate the negative effect of alcohol consumption on health and its contribution to injuries. In addition, Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less in favor of strategies considered highly effective to reduce alcohol harm, probably because they perceive them as a potential threat to their own alcohol consumption. These findings represent valuable sources of information for local health authorities and policymakers when designing suitable strategies to target alcohol-related problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Sanchez-Ramirez
- Injury Prevention Centre, School of Public Health University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richard C. Franklin
- World Safety Organization, Collaborative Centre for Injury Control and Safety Promotion, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald Voaklander
- Injury Prevention Centre, School of Public Health University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- World Safety Organization, Collaborative Centre for Injury Control and Safety Promotion, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|