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Adhia A, Richey AE, McMahon S, Temple JR, Rothman EF. Societal Factors and Teen Dating Violence: a Scoping Review. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2024; 11:96-109. [PMID: 39045453 PMCID: PMC11262579 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This scoping review aims to identify quantitative research studies in the USA examining the association between societal factors and teen dating violence (TDV) victimization and/or perpetration. Recent Findings Nine articles examined a range of societal factors including gender norms and gender equality; cultural norms that support aggression towards others; income inequality; and laws and policies. Factors were measured in states, neighborhoods, schools, and classes. While findings varied, certain societal factors may be associated with TDV. Summary Findings highlight the relative lack of research examining associations between societal factors and TDV. This may be driven by limited data availability, complexity and cost of such research, and unclear definitions and measurement of societal factors. To decrease TDV and improve population-level adolescent health, more rigorous research is needed to inform the development of multilevel and structural interventions to address the outer layers of the social ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ann E. Richey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah McMahon
- Center for Research On Ending Violence, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Emily F. Rothman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Askew AJ, Randall A, Alvarez JC, Elbe CI, Caravelli N, Gonzales M, van der Star A, Blashill AJ. Examining the association of structural stigmas with body image-related outcomes among sexual minority individuals. Body Image 2024; 48:101652. [PMID: 38141492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority individuals display heightened body image disturbance, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Structural stigmas are associated with negative health outcomes among sexual minority individuals, but the association between structural stigmas and body image is not understood. Using a linear regression approach, we examined how U.S. state-level structural racism and structural sexual minority stigma were associated with body image-related outcomes including eating pathology, appearance and/or performance-enhancing drug (APED) misuse, and dysmorphic concern. Participants were 942 cisgender sexual minority individuals ages 18-30, with approximately equal representation among non-Hispanic/Latinx White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic/Latinx individuals. There was not a significant main effect of state-level structural sexual minority stigma on body image-related outcomes. In states with higher structural racism, Hispanic/Latinx participants endorsed higher APED misuse, and this interaction was not significant among non-Hispanic/Latinx White individuals. This pattern was not found among Black or Asian participants, nor was it replicated for dysmorphic concern or eating pathology. Findings suggest that reducing exposure to structural racism could reduce APED misuse among Hispanic/Latinx individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn J Askew
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, United States
| | - Alyson Randall
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Jordan C Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn AL, United States
| | - Connor I Elbe
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Nicolas Caravelli
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Manuel Gonzales
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, United States
| | - Arjan van der Star
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
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3
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Willie TC, Linton SL, Whittaker S, Phillips KA, Knight D, Gray MC, Gardner G, Overstreet NM. Housing insecurity among black women surviving intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: an intersectional qualitative approach. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:501. [PMID: 38365688 PMCID: PMC10873942 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Housing instability is highly prevalent among intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors, and the coupling consequences of structural racism, sexism, classism, and the COVID-19 pandemic, may create more barriers to safe and adequate housing, specifically for Black women IPV survivors. In particular, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to amplify disadvantages for Black women IPV survivors, yet very little research has acknowledged it. Therefore, the current study sought to assess the experiences of housing insecurity among Black women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) while navigating racism, sexism, and classism during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS From January to April 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with 50 Black women experiencing IPV in the United States. Guided by intersectionality, a hybrid thematic and interpretive phenomenological analytic approach was used to identify sociostructural factors shaping housing insecurity. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate the various ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic shaped Black women IPV survivors' ability to obtain and sustain safe housing. We derived five themes to capture factors contributing to housing experiences: challenges with separate and unequal neighborhoods; pandemic-related economic inequalities; economic abuse limitations; and strategies to maintain housing. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining and maintaining safe housing during the COVID-19 pandemic was difficult for Black women IPV survivors who were also navigating racism, sexism, and socioeconomic position. Interventions are needed to reduce the impact of these intersecting systems of oppression and power to facilitate the resources necessary for Black women IPV survivors to identify safe housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara C Willie
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sabriya L Linton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Whittaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karlye A Phillips
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deja Knight
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mya C Gray
- School of Law, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gretta Gardner
- Ujima, The National Center on Violence Against Women in the Black Community, Washington, DC, USA
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Benson-Goldsmith ME, Gildea B, Richards TN, Roley-Roberts ME, Greenberg P, Hobbs A. An Exploratory Analysis of Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Persons Experiencing Eviction. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012231225231. [PMID: 38213264 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231225231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A paucity of research has examined the prevalence of domestic and intimate partner violence (DV/IPV) victimization among persons experiencing eviction. The current study uses administrative records for a random sample of evicted adults in Omaha, Nebraska from 2017 to 2019 (n = 306) to assess the prevalence of DV/IPV victimization among evicted persons and differences among the DV/IPV and no DV/IPV groups. Findings indicated over 20% of evicted persons experienced DV/IPV victimization, and DV/IPV often preceded the first eviction. DV/IPV disproportionately impacted Black women. Implications regarding the compounding consequences of eviction and DV/IPV victimization and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Gildea
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tara N Richards
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Pierce Greenberg
- Department of Cultural and Social Studies, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anne Hobbs
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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Nydegger LA, Benton EN, Hemingway B, Fung S, Yuan M, Phung C, Claborn KR. Housing Insecurity and Other Syndemic Factors Experienced by Black and Latina Cisgender Women in Austin, Texas: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7177. [PMID: 38131728 PMCID: PMC10742514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Austin, Texas emerged as one of the fastest-growing cities in the U.S. over the past decade. Urban transformation has exacerbated inequities and reduced ethnic/racial diversity among communities. This qualitative study focused on housing insecurity and other syndemic factors among Black and Latina cisgender women (BLCW). Data collection from 18 BLCW using in-depth interviews guided by syndemic theory was conducted three times over three months between 2018 and 2019. Four housing insecurity categories emerged: (a) very unstable, (b) unstable, (c) stable substandard, and (d) stable costly. Participants who experienced more stable housing, particularly more stable housing across interviews, reported fewer instances of intimate partner violence (IPV), less substance use, and a reduced risk of acquiring HIV. Results identified the importance of exploring housing insecurity with other syndemic factors among BLCW along with determining structural- and multi-level interventions to improve housing circumstances and other syndemic factors. Future research should explore these factors in other geographic locations, among other intersectional communities, and among larger sample sizes and consider using a mixed methods approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl A. Nydegger
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erin N. Benton
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Bree Hemingway
- School of Community & Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA;
| | - Sarah Fung
- Moody School of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Mandy Yuan
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Chau Phung
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Kasey R. Claborn
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
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Willie TC, Alexander KA, Sharpless L, Zemlak JL, Smith MV, Kershaw TS. Recent Economic Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of U.S. Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:11091-11116. [PMID: 37387530 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231178357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent consequence of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV); however, little is known about the unique contributions of economic IPV. Furthermore, women's economic self-sufficiency may explicate the potential relationship between economic IPV and PTSD symptoms. Guided by the Stress Process Theory and Intersectionality, this study examined associations between economic IPV and women's PTSD symptoms and assessed economic self-sufficiency as a mediator. Participants were 255 adult women experiencing IPV recruited from metropolitan Baltimore, MD, and the state of CT who participated in two different studies. Participants completed surveys on IPV, economic self-sufficiency, and PTSD. Path analyses were conducted to examine direct and indirect associations of economic IPV with economic self-sufficiency and PTSD. Economic IPV was uniquely associated with PTSD symptoms while controlling for other forms of IPV. Economic self-sufficiency significantly partially mediated the association between economic IPV and PTSD symptoms such that economic IPV was associated with PTSD symptoms through economic self-sufficiency. Economic IPV may limit women's ability to make autonomous decisions related to finances, which could be distressing. The mental health impact of economic IPV may be particularly debilitating for women with low economic self-sufficiency as their posttraumatic stress occurs within the context of feeling unable to meet their financial goals and also having a partner control their economic resources. Fostering economic empowerment and asset building may be a strengths-based approach to reduce the PTSD symptomatology among women experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara C Willie
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Megan V Smith
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Cross RI, Huỳnh J, Bradford NJ, Francis B. Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda. J Urban Health 2023; 100:355-388. [PMID: 37058240 PMCID: PMC10103672 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Racial residential segregation is considered a fundamental cause of racial health disparities, with housing discrimination as a critical driver of residential segregation. Despite this link, racial discrimination in housing is far less studied than segregation in the population health literature. As a result, we know little about how discrimination in housing is linked to health beyond its connection to segregation. Furthermore, we need to understand how health impacts differ across different types of housing discrimination. This review aims to assess the state of the population health literature on the conceptualization, measurement, and health implications of housing discrimination. We used PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews and presented the data on 32 articles that met our inclusion criteria published before January 1, 2022. Nearly half of the articles do not define housing discrimination explicitly. Additionally, there is considerable variation in how housing discrimination is operationalized across studies. Compared to studies using administrative data for housing discrimination exposures, studies using survey data were more likely to report a detrimental association with health outcomes. Synthesizing and comparing the results of these studies helps bridge methodological approaches to this research. Our review helps inform the debate on how racism impacts population health. Given the changing nature of racial discrimination over time and place, we discuss how population health researchers can approach studying various forms of housing discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Israel Cross
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, & Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - James Huỳnh
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, & Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie J Bradford
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, & Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brittney Francis
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, & Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Willie T, Linton S, Whittaker S, Phillips K, Knight D, Gray M, Gardner G, Overstreet N. Housing Insecurity among Black Women Surviving Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intersectional Qualitative Approach. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2662616. [PMID: 36993320 PMCID: PMC10055545 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2662616/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate housing experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among Black women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) who are also navigating racism, sexism, and classism. Methods From January to April 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with 50 Black women experiencing IPV in the United States. Guided by intersectionality, a hybrid thematic and interpretive phenomenological analytic approach was used to identify sociostructural factors shaping housing insecurity. Results Our findings demonstrate the various ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic shaped Black women IPV survivors' ability to obtain and sustain safe housing. Five themes were derived to capture factors contributing to housing experiences: challenges with separate and unequal neighborhoods; pandemic-related economic inequalities; economic abuse limitations; mental toll of eviction; and strategies to maintain housing. Conclusions Obtaining and maintaining safe housing during the COVID-19 pandemic was difficult for Black women IPV survivors who were also navigating racism, sexism, and socioeconomic position. Structural-level interventions are needed to reduce the impact of these intersecting systems of oppression and power in order to facilitate the resources necessary for Black women IPV survivors to identify safe housing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mya Gray
- North Carolina Central University
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Sharpless L, Kershaw T, Willie TC. Associations between state-level restorative justice policies and mental health among women survivors of intimate partner violence. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Austin AE, Durrance CP, Runyan CW, Runyan DK, Martin SL, Mercer J, Shanahan ME. Affordable housing through the low-income housing tax credit program and intimate partner violence-related homicide. Prev Med 2022; 155:106950. [PMID: 34974073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The most severe outcome of intimate partner violence (IPV) is IPV-related homicide. Access to affordable housing may both facilitate exit from abusive relationships and reduce financial stress in intimate relationships, potentially preventing IPV-related homicide. We examined the association of the availability of rental housing through the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, a federal program providing tax incentives to support the development of affordable housing, with IPV-related homicide and assessed whether this association differed by eviction rates at the state-level. We used 2005-2016 National Violent Death Reporting System, LIHTC Property, and Eviction Lab data for 13 states and compared the rate of IPV-related homicide in state-years with ≥30 to state-years with <30 LIHTC units per 100,000 population, overall and stratified by eviction rates. We conducted analyses in fall 2020. Adjusting for potential state-level confounders, the rate of IPV-related homicide in state-years with ≥30 LIHTC units per 100,000 population was lower than in state-years with <30 LIHTC units per 100,000 population (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81, 0.98). The reduction in the rate of IPV-related homicide was slightly larger in state-years with higher eviction rates (≥3500 evictions per 100,000 renter population; RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.74, 0.93) compared to state-years with lower eviction rates (<3500 evictions per 100,000 renter population; RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.81, 1.03). Overall, at the state-level, increased availability of affordable housing through the LIHTC program was associated with lower rates of IPV-related homicide. Increasing the availability of affordable housing may be one tool for preventing IPV-related homicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Austin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
| | - Christine Piette Durrance
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Carol W Runyan
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Desmond K Runyan
- Department of Pediatrics and Kempe Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Sandra L Martin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Mercer
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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