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Yi F, Gao Y, Liu X, Ying Y, Xie Q, You Y, Zha Q, Luo C, Ni M, Wang Q, Zhu Y. A non-linear relationship between blood pressure and mild cognitive impairment in elderly individuals: A cohort study based on the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS). Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07539-z. [PMID: 38676817 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is an established risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly individuals. Nevertheless, the impact of different levels of blood pressure on the progression of MCI remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the non-linear relationship between blood pressure and MCI in the elderly and detect the critical blood pressure threshold, thus, improving blood pressure management for individuals at high risk of MCI. METHODS Data was obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort. We chose normal cognitive elderly individuals who entered the cohort in 2014 for a 5-year follow-up to observe the progression of MCI. Subsequently, we utilized the Cox regression model to identify risk factors for MCI and conducted a Cox-based restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) model to examine the non-linear relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with MCI, determining the critical blood pressure threshold for MCI progression. RESULTS In the elderly population, female (HR = 1.489, 95% CI: 1.017-2.180), lacking of exercise in the past (HR = 1.714, 95% CI: 1.108-2.653), preferring animal fats (HR = 2.340, 95% CI: 1.348-4.061), increased age (HR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.038-1.084), increased SBP (HR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.024-1.048), and increased DBP (HR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.031-1.081) were associated with MCI progression. After adjusting factors such as gender, exercise, preferred types of fats, and age, both SBP (P non-linear < 0.001) and DBP (P non-linear < 0.001) in elderly individuals exhibited a non-linear association with MCI. The risk of MCI rose when SBP exceeded 135 mmHg and DBP was in the range of 80-88 mmHg. However, when DBP exceeded 88 mmHg, there was a declining trend in MCI progression, although the HR remained above 1. The identified critical blood pressure management threshold for MCI was 135/80 mmHg. CONCLUSION In this study, we discovered that risk factors affecting the progression of MCI in elderly individuals comprise gender (female), preferring to use animal fat, lack of exercise in the past, increased age, increased SBP, and increased DBP. Additionally, a non-linear relationship between blood pressure levels and MCI progression was confirmed, with the critical blood pressure management threshold for MCI onset falling within the prehypertensive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Yi
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Ying
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojin Xie
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - You You
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zha
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjing Luo
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ni
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, Zhou C, Li H. Effects of lifestyle and its interaction with anemia on cognitive function in older adults: A longitudinal study. Psych J 2024; 13:242-251. [PMID: 38105563 PMCID: PMC10990814 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors on cognitive function in older adults is critical for developing intervention strategies to achieve successful aging. Moreover, older adults who fulfill the World Health Organization criteria for anemia have a significantly higher risk of developing dementia. In the current study, we aimed to assess the buffering effects of lifestyle on cognitive function in older Chinese adults through a nationally representative survey. The sample consisted of 1201 participants (mean age: 82.39 ± 12.08 years, 52.1% female) from the 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between changes in lifestyle factors and the rate of cognitive function changes, as well as the effects of the interaction between lifestyle factors and anemia on cognitive function changes. Increased levels of participation in leisure activities, social activities, and dietary diversity delayed cognitive decline. Persistent anemia accelerated cognitive decline, while frequent participation in leisure activities delayed cognitive decline due to anemia. The increased levels of participation in leisure activities, social activities, and dietary diversity can alleviate the cognitive decline caused by aging itself, and more frequently participation in leisure activities can also alleviate the adverse effects of anemia on cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral ScienceInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Zhejiang Museum of Natural HistoryHangzhouChina
| | - Chen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral ScienceInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui‐Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral ScienceInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Kabangu JLK, Newsome-Cuby T, Hernandez A, Joseph B, Dugan J, Fowler D, Bah MG, Fry L, Eden SV. The Role of County-Level Persistent Poverty in Stroke Mortality in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01981-7. [PMID: 38528179 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a major health concern in the USA, disproportionately affecting socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. This study investigates the link between persistent poverty and stroke mortality rates in residents aged 65 and above, positing that sustained economic challenges at the county level correlate with an increase in stroke-related deaths. Persistent poverty refers to a long-term state where a significant portion of a population lives below the poverty threshold for an extended period, typically measured over several decades. It captures the chronic nature of economic hardship faced by a community across multiple generations. Utilizing data from the CDC Wonder database and the American Community Survey, we conducted a comprehensive analysis across US counties, differentiating them by persistent poverty status. Our results indicate a statistically significant link between persistent poverty and increased mortality from ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; counties afflicted by long-standing poverty were associated with an additional 33.49 ischemic and 8.16 hemorrhagic stroke deaths per 100,000 residents annually compared to their wealthier counterparts. These disparities persisted when controlling for known stroke risk factors and other socioeconomic variables. These results highlight the need for targeted public health strategies and interventions to address the disparities in stroke mortality rates and the broader implications for healthcare equity. The study underscores the vital role of socioeconomic context in health outcomes and the urgency of addressing long-term poverty as a key determinant of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc K Kabangu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS, Kansas City, KS, 3021, USA.
| | - Takara Newsome-Cuby
- Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Benson Joseph
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Dugan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Danny Fowler
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Momodou G Bah
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lane Fry
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sonia V Eden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Cai J, Bidulescu A. The association between food insecurity and cognitive impairment among the US adults: The mediation role of anxiety or depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:73-82. [PMID: 36603601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a nationally representative sample, this study aimed to examine (1) socio-demographic and health-related disparities in cognitive impairment, (2) the association between food insecurity and cognitive impairment, and (3) the mediation role of anxiety or depression in the pathway between food insecurity and cognitive impairment. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 28,508 adults from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations with cognitive impairment. Mediation analyses were conducted using the four-way decomposition method under a counterfactual framework. RESULTS Disparities in cognitive impairment were observed across socio-demographic and health-related characteristics (all p < 0.0001). Food insecurity was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the overall population and the magnitude of the association was greater for the young or middle-aged, females and non-Hispanic Blacks than the general population (AOR ranged from 1.19 to 2.54, all p < 0.01). With anxiety as a mediator, 28.66 % of the total effect of food insecurity on cognitive impairment was attributable to mediation only, and 22.39 % was attributable to interaction (between food insecurity and anxiety) and mediation. With depression as a mediator, 22.33 % of the total effect was attributable to mediation only, and 16.00 % was attributable to interaction (between food insecurity and depression) and mediation. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design prevents inference of causality. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring available and adequate food resources is important to prevent adverse cognitive outcomes. Clinical interventions or treatments for anxiety or depression may help improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America.
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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Yang F, Fu M, Hu Q, Guo J. The associations between cognitive function and depressive symptoms among older Chinese population: A cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1081209. [PMID: 37091713 PMCID: PMC10117645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, population aging has emerged as a significant global challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of baseline cognitive performance, current cognitive function, and cognitive decline on subsequent depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from participants aged 65 years and older in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), Wave 2014-2018. Of the 7,192 participants in Wave 2014, 1,627 were included in the analysis. Multivariate regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between cognitive measures and depressive symptoms. Our results indicated that baseline cognitive function was not associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, but current cognitive function was. Furthermore, participants who experienced significant cognitive decline were more likely to develop depressive symptoms. Covariates, including marital status, economic status, physical activity, and recreational activity, were also associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that slowing cognitive decline is an effective strategy for preventing depressive symptoms in older adults, promoting their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Policy and Technology Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qitu Hu
- College of Humanities Education, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Qitu Hu,
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Policy and Technology Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Jing Guo,
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Cao X, Liu Q, Liu J, Yang B, Zhou J. The impact of hearing loss on cognitive impairment: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of social relationships. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1149769. [PMID: 37089498 PMCID: PMC10116415 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the potentially negative effects of hearing loss on mental health and cognitive function, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the link between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of social relationships, including their components in the role of depressive symptoms as a mediator between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Methods Cross-sectional analyses were conducted with 8,094 Chinese older adults (aged ≥65 years) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018. Simple mediation analysis and moderated mediation analysis were conducted to examine the roles of depressive symptoms and social relationships in the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Results There is a significant correlation between hearing loss, depressive symptoms, social relationships, and cognitive function. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between hearing loss and cognitive function [standardized regression B-coefficient (B) = -0.114; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.158, -0.076)]. Social relationships moderated the effect of hearing loss on cognitive function through both path b (depressive symptoms - cognitive function) [B = 0.021; 95% CI: (0.008, 0.034)], and path c' (hearing loss-cognitive function) [B = 0.597; 95% CI: (0.463, 0.730)]. Furthermore, social activities and social networks moderated both the direct and indirect effects of moderated mediation. However, there appeared to be no moderated effect of social support for both the direct and indirect paths. Conclusion Social relationships moderated both the direct and indirect effects of depressive symptoms on the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults. It might be worthwhile to recommend multidimensional health and social interventions aimed at improving mental health and social inclusion among older adults with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingfang Yang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jiansong Zhou,
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Xu M, Ke P, Zhou Y, Tian Q, Gan Y, Lu Z. Subjective poverty, mental health, and mortality among Chinese older people: a prospective cohort study from 2008 to 2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 58:795-803. [PMID: 36335472 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The associations of duration of subjective poverty and poverty status with mortality among older people remains inconclusive, and the underlying mechanisms of mental health on them are rarely discussed in population-based epidemiological studies. METHODS We used the data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (2008-2018). The Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality. Mediation analysis was applied to assess the effect of mental health. RESULTS When compared with participants without subjective poverty, those who reported subjective poverty at one time point (2008 or 2011) or two time points (2008 and 2011) had a higher risk of death, with multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CIs) of 1.08 (1.00-1.16) and 1.22 (1.06-1.39), respectively. For poverty status, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CIs) of mortality were 0.81 (0.66-0.98) for "just objective poverty" and 0.78 (0.62-0.98) for "neither subjective nor objective poverty" compared with participants who reported "just subjective poverty", while there was no statistically significant association between "poverty subjectively and objectively" and mortality (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.72-1.07). Besides, we found that the proportion mediated by mental health was 26.6%, and age was a significant effect modifier. CONCLUSIONS Subjective poverty may be associated with a higher risk of death among Chinese older people. This study showed that promoting mental health alone may not substantially reduce socioeconomic inequality in health. Further explorations of measures to tackle the social determinants of health are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Ke
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qingfeng Tian
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Cao D, Zhou Z, Ren Y, Deng Q, Zhai X, Liu G, Zhao D, Zhao Y, Shen C. The relationship between duration of subjective poverty and health among Chinese adults: Evidence from the China Family Panel Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:939569. [PMID: 36276380 PMCID: PMC9581302 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.939569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The disadvantaged socioeconomic status could have accumulated negative effects on individual. In the Chinese context, studying subjective and relative poverty is more important under the implementation of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation campaign. This study aims to provide evidence of the relationship between the duration of subjective poverty and both physical and mental health among Chinese adults, using nationally longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018. Materials and methods Data were extracted from a nationally representative survey database-the China Family Panel Study (CFPS). The total sample size contains 12,003 adults, with 3,532 in the urban area and 8,471 in the rural area. Self-rated health and depressive symptoms were set as indicators of physical health and mental health, respectively. The duration of subjective poverty was measured by self-rated income level in the local area from 2010 to 2016. A series of ordinary least square regression was adopted to measure the relationship between duration of subjective poverty and health. Results For the urban residents, the average duration of subjective poverty is 1.99 time points, while 1.98 time points for the rural residents. Net of objective poverty, duration of subjective poverty has a significantly negative association with individual's self-rated health in the rural sample (Coef. = -0.10, p < 0.001). Compared with those who have not experienced subjective poverty, the self-rated health score of people who experienced four time points is likely to decrease by 0.54 in the rural area and 0.30 in the urban area. In terms of mental health, 1 unit increase in the duration of subjective poverty is related to 0.15 unit increase in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-8 (CES-D8) scores in the urban sample and 0.46 in the rural sample. Compared with those who have not experienced subjective poverty, the CES-D8 scores of people who experienced four time points are likely to increase by 1.47 in the rural area and 0.95 in the urban area. Conclusion A longer duration of subjective poverty has a cumulatively negative effect on Chinese residents' physical and mental health, especially in rural area. Our study advocates researchers and policymakers pay more attention to the cumulative effect of subjective poverty on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Zhongliang Zhou
| | - Yangling Ren
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwei Deng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhai
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanping Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dantong Zhao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Shen
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Wang J, Liu N, Zhao X. Association of Playing Cards or Mahjong with Cognitive Function in Chinese Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159249. [PMID: 35954599 PMCID: PMC9368645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline in older adults is a major public health threat. This study aimed to explore the association of participation in cards or mahjong with cognitive function in older adults. A total of 7308 older adults were selected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. The participants were classified according to the frequency of playing cards or mahjong into the “regularly” (R) group, “occasionally” (O) group, or “never” (N) group. The results showed that older persons in the R group and O group had better cognitive function than those in the N group. Specifically, significant differences were found in attention and calculation, language, and total MMSE score between the R group and the N group. However, significant differences were not observed for adults aged 60–69 years old. Regression analysis indicated that playing cards or mahjong, together with age, educational level, sex, marital status, and occupation before age 60 could explain the cognitive function. The findings suggest that there is an association between participation in cards or mahjong and cognitive function in the population of Chinese older adults, and that the frequency of participation plays an important role in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Nan Liu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.W.); (N.L.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-574-87609369
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