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Moore HJ, O'Malley CL, Lloyd S, Eskandari F, Rose K, Butler M, Townshend TG, Brown H, Clarkson D, Lake AA. Measuring the association between the opening of a new multi-national restaurant with young people's eating behaviours. Appetite 2024; 203:107651. [PMID: 39216823 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Out-of-home eating (takeaway, take-out and fast-foods) is associated with intakes of higher energy and fat, and lower intakes of micronutrients, and is associated with excess weight gain. In 2017, a unique opportunity arose to measure the association between the opening of a new multi-national fast-food restaurant (McDonald's) and consumption of fast-food on young people aged 11-16. This study uses a repeated cross-sectional design to explore group level change over time with respect to out-of-home eating behaviours of young people. Two secondary schools in Redcar and Cleveland agreed to participate and facilitated the completion of a questionnaire on their pupils eating behaviours at three timepoints a) prior to the new restaurant opening, b) three months post-opening and c) nine months post opening. Reported frequency of visits to McDonald's showed a statistically significant increase in visits between 3 and 9 months of the restaurant opening. This research asks and explores the question of whether the introduction of a new multi-national fast-food restaurant influences eating habits of young people attending schools near the new outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Moore
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK; Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Claire L O'Malley
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Scott Lloyd
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Public Health South Tees, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kelly Rose
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Durham County Council, UK
| | - Mark Butler
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Tim G Townshend
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Brown
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, UK
| | | | - Amelia A Lake
- Fuse-The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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2
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Er V, Crowder M, Holding E, Woodrow N, Griffin N, Summerbell C, Egan M, Fairbrother H. Young people's views and experience of diet-related inequalities in England (UK): a qualitative study. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae107. [PMID: 39175414 PMCID: PMC11341847 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inequalities in diets contribute to overall inequalities in health. Economic inequality and inequalities in access to healthy food are key drivers of poor diet and ill health among young people (YP). Despite mounting evidence of structural barriers to healthy eating, less is known about how YP view and experience these inequalities where they live, and how to address them. To explore YP's perspectives on the drivers of diet-related health inequalities, we conducted three interlinked focus groups with YP aged 13-21 years from six youth groups across three geographical areas in England. We analysed the data inductively and deductively using reflexive thematic analysis and generated themes by examining how social structure, context and agency interact and impact YP's diet. YP were aware of how inequalities in employment conditions impact their families' income and ability to eat a healthy diet. They cited the high availability of hot food takeaways in their local areas as a significant barrier to healthy eating but did not support closing or restricting these outlets. They held strong views on policies to tackle diet inequality and showed a nuanced understanding of the strengths and limitations of universal and targeted approaches. Our study showed that YP have an awareness and understanding of food as important in relation to health, and of diet-related inequalities. However, further efforts are needed to shape and promote policies that resonate with YP and address both their health and wider social concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Er
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Mary Crowder
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Eleanor Holding
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Nicholas Woodrow
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Naomi Griffin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Fuse, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 1, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Fuse, Durham University, Green Lane, Durham, DH1 3LA, UK
| | - Matt Egan
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Hannah Fairbrother
- Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, Barber House Annexe, 3 Clarkehouse Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
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3
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Briazu RA, Masood F, Hunt L, Pettinger C, Wagstaff C, McCloy R. Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating in disadvantaged adults living in the UK: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1770. [PMID: 38961413 PMCID: PMC11221142 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the UK people living in disadvantaged communities are less likely than those with higher socio-economic status to have a healthy diet. To address this inequality, it is crucial scientists, practitioners and policy makers understand the factors that hinder and assist healthy food choice in these individuals. In this scoping review, we aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy eating among disadvantaged individuals living in the UK. Additionally, we used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to synthesise results and provide a guide for the development of theory-informed behaviour change interventions. Five databases were searched, (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for articles assessing healthy dietary intake of disadvantaged adults living in the UK. A total of 50 papers (34 quantitative; 16 qualitative) were included in this review. Across all studies we identified 78 barriers and 49 facilitators found to either impede and/or encourage healthy eating. Both barriers and facilitators were more commonly classified under the Environmental, Context and Resources TDF domain, with 74% of studies assessing at least one factor pertaining to this domain. Results thus indicate that context related factors such as high cost and accessibility of healthy food, rather than personal factors, such as lack of efficiency in healthy lifestyle drive unhealthy eating in disadvantaged individuals in the UK. We discuss how such factors are largely overlooked in current interventions and propose that more effort should be directed towards implementing interventions that specifically target infrastructures rather than individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca A Briazu
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Fatima Masood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Louise Hunt
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rachel McCloy
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.
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4
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Khalid S, Kelsey L, Gunther S, Badrinath P. The food industry's far reaching influence and our need to act now. BMJ 2024; 385:q1219. [PMID: 38839086 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Saarah Khalid
- Directorate of Public Health, Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Libby Kelsey
- Directorate of Public Health, Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Stephen Gunther
- Directorate of Public Health, Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Rahilly J, Amies-Cull B, Chang M, Cummins S, Derbyshire D, Hassan S, Huang Y, Keeble M, Liu B, Medina-Lara A, Mytton O, Rogers N, Savory B, Schiff A, Sharp SJ, Smith R, Thompson C, White M, Adams J, Burgoine T. Changes in the number of new takeaway food outlets associated with adoption of management zones around schools: A natural experimental evaluation in England. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101646. [PMID: 38650739 PMCID: PMC11033196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
By the end of 2017, 35 local authorities (LAs) across England had adopted takeaway management zones (or "exclusion zones") around schools as a means to curb proliferation of new takeaways. In this nationwide, natural experimental study, we evaluated the impact of management zones on takeaway retail, including unintended displacement of takeaways to areas immediately beyond management zones, and impacts on chain fast-food outlets. We used uncontrolled interrupted time series analyses to estimate changes from up to six years pre- and post-adoption of takeaway management zones around schools. We evaluated three outcomes: mean number of new takeaways within management zones (and by three identified sub-types: full management, town centre exempt and time management zones); mean number on the periphery of management zones (i.e. within an additional 100 m of the edge of zones); and presence of new chain fast-food outlets within management zones. For 26 LAs, we observed an overall decrease in the number of new takeaways opening within management zones. Six years post-intervention, we observed 0.83 (95% CI -0.30, -1.03) fewer new outlets opening per LA than would have been expected in absence of the intervention, equivalent to an 81.0% (95% CI -29.1, -100) reduction in the number of new outlets. Cumulatively, 12 (54%) fewer new takeaways opened than would have been expected over the six-year post-intervention period. When stratified by policy type, effects were most prominent for full management zones and town centre exempt zones. Estimates of intervention effects on numbers of new takeaways on the periphery of management zones, and on the presence of new chain fast-food outlets within management zones, did not meet statistical significance. Our findings suggest that management zone policies were able to demonstrably curb the proliferation of new takeaways. Modelling studies are required to measure the possible population health impacts associated with this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rahilly
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Ben Amies-Cull
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Chang
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Daniel Derbyshire
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Suzan Hassan
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Keeble
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bochu Liu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonieta Medina-Lara
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Oliver Mytton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Nina Rogers
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bea Savory
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Annie Schiff
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Thompson
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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6
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Rahilly J, Williams A, Chang M, Cummins S, Derbyshire D, Hassan S, Huang Y, Keeble M, Liu B, Medina-Lara A, Mytton O, Savory B, Schiff A, Sharp SJ, Smith R, Thompson C, White M, Adams J, Burgoine T. Changes in the number and outcome of takeaway food outlet planning applications in response to adoption of management zones around schools in England: A time series analysis. Health Place 2024; 87:103237. [PMID: 38564989 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Physical exposure to takeaway food outlets ("takeaways") is associated with poor diet and excess weight, which are leading causes of excess morbidity and mortality. At the end of 2017, 35 local authorities (LAs) in England had adopted takeaway management zones (or "exclusion zones"), which is an urban planning intervention designed to reduce physical exposure to takeaways around schools. In this nationwide, natural experimental study, we used interrupted time series analyses to estimate the impact of this intervention on changes in the total number of takeaway planning applications received by LAs and the percentage rejected, at both first decision and after any appeal, within management zones, per quarter of calendar year. Changes in these proximal process measures would precede downstream retail and health impacts. We observed an overall decrease in the number of applications received by intervention LAs at 12 months post-intervention (6.3 fewer, 95% CI -0.1, -12.5), and an increase in the percentage of applications that were rejected at first (additional 18.8%, 95% CI 3.7, 33.9) and final (additional 19.6%, 95% CI 4.7, 34.6) decision, the latter taking into account any appeal outcomes. This effect size for the number of planning applications was maintained at 24 months, although it was not statistically significant. We also identified three distinct sub-types of management zone regulations (full, town centre exempt, and time management zones). The changes observed in rejections were most prominent for full management zones (where the regulations are applied irrespective of overlap with town centres), where the percentage of applications rejected was increased by an additional 46.1% at 24 months. Our findings suggest that takeaway management zone policies may have the potential to curb the proliferation of new takeaways near schools and subsequently impact on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rahilly
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra Williams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Chang
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Daniel Derbyshire
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Suzan Hassan
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Keeble
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bochu Liu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonieta Medina-Lara
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Oliver Mytton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Bea Savory
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Annie Schiff
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Thompson
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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7
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García Bulle Bueno B, Horn AL, Bell BM, Bahrami M, Bozkaya B, Pentland A, de la Haye K, Moro E. Effect of mobile food environments on fast food visits. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2291. [PMID: 38480685 PMCID: PMC10937966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor diets are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to low-quality food environments saturated with fast food outlets is hypothesized to negatively impact diet. However, food environment research has predominantly focused on static food environments around home neighborhoods and generated mixed findings. In this work, we leverage population-scale mobility data in the U.S. to examine 62M people's visits to food outlets and evaluate how food choice is influenced by the food environments people are exposed to as they move through their daily routines. We find that a 10% increase in exposure to fast food outlets in mobile environments increases individuals' odds of visitation by 20%. Using our results, we simulate multiple policy strategies for intervening on food environments to reduce fast-food outlet visits. This analysis suggests that optimal interventions are informed by spatial, temporal, and behavioral features and could have 2x to 4x larger effect than traditional interventions focused on home food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail L Horn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Brooke M Bell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Burçin Bozkaya
- Sabanci Business School, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alex Pentland
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Esteban Moro
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Department of Mathematics and GISC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Spain.
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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8
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van Erpecum CPL, van Zon SKR, Bültmann U, Smidt N. Effects of changes in residential fast-food outlet exposure on Body Mass Index change: longitudinal evidence from 92,211 Lifelines participants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:31. [PMID: 38486265 PMCID: PMC10941418 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between fast-food outlet exposure and Body Mass Index (BMI) remains inconsistent and is primarily based on cross-sectional studies. We investigated the associations between changes in fast-food outlet exposure and BMI changes, and to what extent these associations are moderated by age and fast-food outlet exposure at baseline. METHODS We used 4-year longitudinal data of the Lifelines adult cohort (N = 92,211). Participant residential addresses at baseline and follow-up were linked to a register containing fast-food outlet locations using geocoding. Change in fast-food outlet exposure was defined as the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km of the residential address at follow-up minus the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km of the residential address at baseline. BMI was calculated based on objectively measured weight and height. Fixed effects analyses were performed adjusting for changes in covariates and potential confounders. Exposure-moderator interactions were tested and stratified analyses were performed if p < 0.10. RESULTS Participants who had an increase in the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km had a greater BMI increase (B(95% CI): 0.003 (0.001,0.006)). Decreases in fast-food outlet exposure were not associated with BMI change (B(95% CI): 0.001 (-0.001,0.004)). No clear moderation pattern by age or fast-food outlet exposure at baseline was found. CONCLUSIONS Increases in residential fast-food outlet exposure are associated with BMI gain, whereas decreases in fast-food outlet exposure are not associated with BMI loss. Effect sizes of increases in fast-food outlet exposure on BMI change were small at individual level. However, a longer follow-up period may have been needed to fully capture the impact of increases in fast-food outlet exposure on BMI change. Furthermore, these effect sizes could still be important at population level considering the rapid rise of fast-food outlets across society. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms and changes in consumer behaviours underlying associations between changes in fast-food outlet exposure and BMI change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel-Peter L van Erpecum
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander K R van Zon
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Henry A, Fried L, Nathan A, Dhamrait G, Boruff B, Schipperijn J, Cross D, Beck B, Trapp G, Christian H. The built environment and child obesity: A review of Australian policies. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13650. [PMID: 37804083 PMCID: PMC10909561 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Child obesity is a serious public health challenge affected by both individual choice and societal and environmental factors. The main modifiable risk factors for child obesity are unhealthy eating and low levels of physical activity, both influenced by aspects of the built environment. Coordinated government policy across jurisdictions, developed using strong research evidence, can enable built environments that better support healthy lifestyles. This study reviewed current Australian and Western Australian government policies to understand if and how they address the impact of the built environment on child obesity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet. Current government policy documents related to the built environment and child health were analyzed using the Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity framework. Ten Australian and 31 Western Australian government policy documents were identified. Most referred to the role of the built environment in supporting physical activity. Very few policies mentioned the built environment's role in reducing sedentary behaviors, supporting healthy eating, and addressing obesity. Few recognized the needs of children, and none mentioned children in policy development. Future government policy development should include the voices of children and child-specific built environment features. Inter-organizational policies with transparent implementation and evaluation plans are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henry
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Leanne Fried
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Gursimran Dhamrait
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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10
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Ali-Alsaadi AA, Cabeza-Ramírez LJ, Sántos-Roldán L, Loor-Zambrano HY. Digital Marketing and Fast-Food Intake in the UAE: The Role of Firm-Generated Content among Adult Consumers. Foods 2023; 12:4089. [PMID: 38002147 PMCID: PMC10670300 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the contemporary digital marketing context, this study aimed to investigate the influence of firm-generated content and social media advertising on fast-food consumption patterns among the adult population. Utilizing a questionnaire distributed to customers of a restaurant in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, convenience sampling was employed. The findings underscored a significant positive relationship between firm-generated content and social media engagement, as well as between the latter and online shopping behavior. However, it was determined that word of mouth did not significantly moderate the relationship between attitudes towards social media advertisements and fast-food consumption patterns. From a theoretical perspective, these results enrich the understanding of how digital dynamics shape consumer behavior in specific contexts. Practically speaking, they prompt a critical reflection on the ethics of marketing in promoting products potentially detrimental to health, urging both companies and policymakers to reconsider their strategies and regulations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed Ali-Alsaadi
- Department of Statistics, Econometrics, Operations Research, Business Organization and Applied Economics, Faculty of Law, Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; ali--- (A.A.A.-A.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - L. Javier Cabeza-Ramírez
- Department of Statistics, Econometrics, Operations Research, Business Organization and Applied Economics, Faculty of Law, Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; ali--- (A.A.A.-A.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Luna Sántos-Roldán
- Department of Statistics, Econometrics, Operations Research, Business Organization and Applied Economics, Faculty of Law, Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; ali--- (A.A.A.-A.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Halder Yandry Loor-Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), Portoviejo 130105, Manabí, Ecuador;
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11
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Needham C, Strugnell C, Allender S, Alston L, Orellana L. BMI and the Food Retail Environment in Melbourne, Australia: Associations and Temporal Trends. Nutrients 2023; 15:4503. [PMID: 37960156 PMCID: PMC10649206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the link between food environments and health is scarce. Research in this field has progressed, and new comprehensive methods (i.e., incorporating all food retail outlets) for classifying food retail environments have been developed and are yet to be examined alongside measures of obesity. In this study, we examine the association and temporal trends between the food environment and BMI of a repeated cross-sectional sample of the adult population between 2008 and 2016. Methods: Food retail data for 264 postal areas of Greater Melbourne was collected for the years 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2016, and a container-based approach was used to estimate accessibility to supermarkets, healthy and unhealthy outlets. Data on BMI for postal areas was obtained from the Victorian Population Health Survey (n = 47,245). We estimated the association between the food environment and BMI using linear mixed models. Results indicated that BMI increased as accessibility to healthy outlets decreased by up to -0.69 kg/m2 (95%CI: -0.95, -0.44). BMI was lower with high and moderate access to supermarkets compared to low access by -0.33 kg/m2 (-0.63, -0.04) and -0.32 kg/m2 (-0.56, -0.07), and with high access to unhealthy outlets compared to low access (-0.38 kg/m2: -0.64, -0.12) and moderate access (-0.54 kg/m2: -0.78, -0.30). Conclusion: Our results show that increasing access and availability to a diverse range of food outlets, particularly healthy food outlets, should be an important consideration for efforts to support good health. This research provides evidence that Australia needs to follow suit with other countries that have adopted policies giving local governments the power to encourage healthier food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Needham
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.S.); (S.A.)
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Laura Alston
- Colac Area Health, Colac, VIC 3250, Australia;
- Faculty of Health, Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
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12
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Lake AA, Moore HJ, Cotton M, O'Malley CL. Opportunities to improve population health: possibilities for healthier food environments. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:264-271. [PMID: 37057804 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent Covid-19 pandemic highlighted stark social inequalities, notably around access to food, nutrition and to green or blue space (i.e. outdoor spaces with vegetation and water). Consequently, obesity is socio-economically patterned by this inequality; and while the environmental drivers of obesity are widely acknowledged, there is currently little upstream intervention. We know that living with obesity contributes to increasing health inequalities, and places healthcare systems under huge strain. Our environment could broadly be described obesogenic, in the sense of supporting unhealthful eating patterns and sedentary behaviour. Evidence points to the existence of nearly 700 UK obesity policies, all of which have had little success. Obesity prevention and treatment has focused on educational and behavioural interventions targeted at individual consumers. A more sustainable approach would be to try and change the environments that promote less healthy eating and high energy intake as well as sedentary behaviour. Approaches which modify the environment have the potential to assist in the prevention of this complex condition. This review paper focuses on the role of wider food environments or foodscapes. While there is an imperfect evidence base relating to the role of the foodscape in terms of the obesity crisis, policy, practice, civic society and industry must work together and take action now, in areas where current evidence suggests change is required. Despite the current cost-of-living crisis, shaping the foodscape to better support healthful eating decisions has the potential to be a key aspect of a successful obesity prevention intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Lake
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen J Moore
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Cotton
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L O'Malley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Hubber L. Ignoring the role of town planning in health perpetuates inequalities. BMJ 2023; 382:p1578. [PMID: 37429636 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hubber
- Association of Directors of Public Health
- Nottingham City Council
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14
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Walsh S, Govia I, Peters R, Richard E, Stephan BCM, Wilson NA, Wallace L, Anstey KJ, Brayne C. What would a population-level approach to dementia risk reduction look like, and how would it work? Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3203-3209. [PMID: 36791256 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a leading global public health challenge. Prevention approaches have traditionally focused on individual-level strategies. However, such approaches have limited potential, particularly for resource-constrained populations in which exposure to risk factors is greatest, and exposure to protective factors is lowest. A population-level approach to dementia risk reduction is therefore essential to meet the scale of the challenge and to tackle global inequalities in risk and incidence of disease. Such approaches can be highly cost effective. In this viewpoint article, we describe what such an approach should look like, barriers and facilitators to success, and how we should go about achieving it. We include 10 strategic goals to achieve population-level dementia risk reduction and protection enhancement, targeted at researchers, professionals, funders, science communicators, governments, businesses, and policy makers. If we are to significantly reduce the prevalence of dementia there must be increased emphasis on population-level approaches. HIGHLIGHTS: Dementia risk reduction is a global public health priority Population-level approaches change societal conditions to make them less conducive to dementia's modifiable risk factors, and increase exposure to protective factors. Urgent development of population-level approaches is required to reduce the prevalence of, and inequalities in, dementia Action is required from researchers, governments and business, funders, public health professionals, and science communicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walsh
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ruth Peters
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nikki-Anne Wilson
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindsay Wallace
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Albers PN, Rinaldi C, Brown H, Mason KE, d'Apice K, McGill E, McQuire C, Craig P, Laverty AA, Beeson M, Campbell M, Egan M, Gibson M, Fuller M, Dillon A, Taylor-Robinson D, Jago R, Tilling K, Barr B, Sniehotta FF, Hickman M, Millett CJ, de Vocht F. Natural experiments for the evaluation of place-based public health interventions: a methodology scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1192055. [PMID: 37427271 PMCID: PMC10323422 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Place-based public health evaluations are increasingly making use of natural experiments. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the design and use of natural experiment evaluations (NEEs), and an assessment of the plausibility of the as-if randomization assumption. Methods A systematic search of three bibliographic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science and Ovid-Medline) was conducted in January 2020 to capture publications that reported a natural experiment of a place-based public health intervention or outcome. For each, study design elements were extracted. An additional evaluation of as-if randomization was conducted by 12 of this paper's authors who evaluated the same set of 20 randomly selected studies and assessed 'as-if ' randomization for each. Results 366 NEE studies of place-based public health interventions were identified. The most commonly used NEE approach was a Difference-in-Differences study design (25%), followed by before-after studies (23%) and regression analysis studies. 42% of NEEs had likely or probable as-if randomization of exposure (the intervention), while for 25% this was implausible. An inter-rater agreement exercise indicated poor reliability of as-if randomization assignment. Only about half of NEEs reported some form of sensitivity or falsification analysis to support inferences. Conclusion NEEs are conducted using many different designs and statistical methods and encompass various definitions of a natural experiment, while it is questionable whether all evaluations reported as natural experiments should be considered as such. The likelihood of as-if randomization should be specifically reported, and primary analyses should be supported by sensitivity analyses and/or falsification tests. Transparent reporting of NEE designs and evaluation methods will contribute to the optimum use of place-based NEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia N. Albers
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Rinaldi
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Brown
- Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Mason
- Department of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina d'Apice
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth McGill
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl McQuire
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Craig
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony A. Laverty
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Beeson
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mhairi Campbell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Egan
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Gibson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maxwell Fuller
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Dillon
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems. University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Jago
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Tilling
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Barr
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Falko F. Sniehotta
- NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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16
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Ashton M. The importance of spatial planning for health disparities. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:75-76. [PMID: 37002671 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231156076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ashton
- The Association of Directors of Public Health, Hamilton House, EC4Y 0HA, London, UK
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17
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Trapp GSA, Hooper P, Billingham W, Thornton L, Sartori A, Kennington K, Devine A, Godrich S, Sambell R, Howard J, Bivoltsis A. Would you like fries with that? Investigating fast-food outlet availability near schools in Perth, Western Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:85-90. [PMID: 36433680 PMCID: PMC10108019 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Locating fast-food outlets near schools is a potential public health risk to schoolchildren, given the easy access and repeated exposure to energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods they provide. Fast-food outlet availability near schools has not been previously investigated in Perth, Western Australia. This study aimed to quantify fast-food outlet availability near Perth schools and determine whether differences in area-level disadvantage and school type exist. METHODS Fast-food outlet locations were sourced from Perth Local Governments in 2018/2019. All Perth Primary (n = 454), Secondary (n = 107) and K-12 (n = 94) schools were assigned an area-level disadvantage decile ranking based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-Economic Index for Areas (SEIFA). Regression models assessed whether fast-food outlet availability within 400 m, 800 m and 1 km of schools differed by school type (ie, Primary/Secondary/K-12) or SEIFA. RESULTS Secondary schools were significantly more likely than Primary and K-12 schools to have a higher presence and density of fast-food outlets and the "Top 4" fast-food outlet chains (McDonalds, Hungry Jacks, KFC and Red Rooster) nearby. Schools located in low socio-economic status (SES) areas had a significantly higher density of fast-food outlets within 400 m, and "Top 4" fast-food outlet chains within 400 m and 1 km, than schools located in high SES area. CONCLUSIONS Perth schools are surrounded by fast-food outlets with densities significantly higher around secondary schools and schools located in lower SES areas. SO WHAT?: Policies and regulations aimed at reducing fast-food outlets near schools is an essential strategy to improve dietary intakes and reduce obesity in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina S A Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Paula Hooper
- The Australian Urban Design Research Centre (AUDRC), School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wesley Billingham
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Lukar Thornton
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Kelly Kennington
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Mental Health Commission, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Godrich
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Bunbury, WA, Australia
| | - Ros Sambell
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Justine Howard
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alexia Bivoltsis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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18
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Lake AA, O'Malley C, Moore HJ. Environmental drivers of obesity: Individual willpower versus societal responsibility. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:277-281. [PMID: 36045107 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Lake
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire O'Malley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen J Moore
- Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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