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Wang K, Wang P, Jiang Z, Wang L, Zhou L, Qi D, Yin W, Meng P. Data-driven assessment of immune evasion and dynamic Zero-COVID policy on fast-spreading Omicron in Changchun. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:21692-21716. [PMID: 38124616 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to its immune evasion capability, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was declared a variant of concern by the World Health Organization. The spread of Omicron in Changchun (i.e., the capital of Jilin province in northeast of China) during the spring of 2022 was successfully curbed under the strategy of a dynamic Zero-COVID policy. To evaluate the impact of immune evasion on vaccination and other measures, and to understand how the dynamic Zero-COVID measure stopped the epidemics in Changchun, we establish a compartmental model over different stages and parameterized the model with actual reported data. The model simulation firstly shows a reasonably good fit between our model prediction and the data. Second, we estimate the testing rate in the early stage of the outbreak to reveal the real infection size. Third, numerical simulations show that the coverage of vaccine immunization in Changchun and the regular nucleic acid testing could not stop the epidemic, while the 'non-pharmaceutical' intervention measures utilized in the dynamic Zero-COVID policy could play significant roles in the containment of Omicron. Based on the parameterized model, numerical analysis demonstrates that if one wants to achieve epidemic control by fully utilizing the effect of 'dynamic Zero-COVID' measures, therefore social activities are restricted to the minimum level, and then the economic development may come to a halt. The insight analysis in this work could provide reference for infectious disease prevention and control measures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Joint Key Labortory of Big Data Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengang Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Joint Key Labortory of Big Data Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Linhua Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dequan Qi
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Weishi Yin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Pinchao Meng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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Zha W, Ye Q, Li J, Ozbay K. A social media Data-Driven analysis for transport policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Wuhan, China. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART A, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2023; 172:103669. [PMID: 37020641 PMCID: PMC10050287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) such as social distancing and lockdown are essential in preventing and controlling emerging pandemic outbreaks. Many countries worldwide implemented lockdowns during the COVID-19 outbreaks. However, due to the lack of prior experience and knowledge about the pandemic, it is challenging to deal with short-term polices decision-making due to the highly stochastic and dynamic nature of the COVID-19. Thus, there is a need for the exploration of policy decision analysis to help agencies to adjust their current policies and adopt quickly. In this study, an analytical methodology is developed to analysis urban transport policy response for pandemic control based on social media data. Compared to traditional surveys or interviews, social media can provide timely data based on the feedback from public in terms of public demands, opinions, and acceptance of policy implementations. In particular, a sentiment-aware pre-trained language model is fine-tuned for sentiment analysis of policy. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is used to classify documents, e.g., posts collected from social media, into specific topics in an unsupervised manner. Then, entropy weights method (EWM) is used to extract public policy demands based on the classified topics. Meanwhile, a Jaccard distance-based approach is proposed to conduct the response analysis of policy adjustments. A retrospective analysis of transport policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China is presented using the developed methodology. The results show that the developed policymaking support methodology can be an effective tool to evaluate the acceptance of anti-pandemic policies from the public's perspective, to assess the balance between policies and people's demands, and to further perform the response analysis of a series of policy adjustments based on online feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zha
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Transport Planning and Research Institute of Ministry of Transport P.R. China, Beijing 100028, China, Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Kaan Ozbay
- C2SMART Center, Department of Civil and Urban Engineering & Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 15 MetroTech Center, 6th Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Oestreich L, Rhoden PS, Vieira JDS, Ruiz-Padillo A. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the profile and preferences of urban mobility in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities. TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR & SOCIETY 2023; 31:312-322. [PMID: 36647375 PMCID: PMC9834169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Daily commuting characteristics were highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, since restriction of the movement of people was one of the main preventive measures adopted. Understanding of the effects that the pandemic had on mobility is essential to help in mitigating the problems arising from this crisis, while also providing an opportunity for the implementation of sustainable policies in the post-pandemic period. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the impacts of the pandemic on the profile of travel behavior and mobility preferences in Brazil, using a case study of cities located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data obtained from an online survey were modeled using exploratory factor analysis, resulting in the extraction of 15 main factors that explain behavioral changes in mobility due to the effects of the pandemic, as well as future perspectives. In the pandemic period, the use of private vehicles grew as the main mode of transport to the principal activity. Conversely, the use of public transport decreased drastically, due to compulsory measures taken by the health authorities to prevent the spread of the new virus. There was also greater receptivity to the adoption of active mobility, especially the bicycle, although it is necessary to provide better conditions for use of this transport mode. The findings support the development of public policies to reduce urban mobility problems and to provide guidelines for sustainable planning in the post-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oestreich
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandri Rhoden
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jéssica da Silva Vieira
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Padillo
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory. Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, P.O. Box 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Wang R, Zhang Z, Wolshon B. Estimating long-term and short-term impact of COVID-19 activity restriction on regional highway traffic demand: A case study in Zhejiang Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023; 85:103517. [PMID: 36593901 PMCID: PMC9797418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in China in late 2019, government administrators have implemented traffic restriction policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, highway traffic volumes obtained from ETC data in some provinces did not return to the levels of previous years after the end of the traffic restriction policy, suggesting that traffic restriction policy may have long-term effects. This paper proposed a method that analyzes traffic restriction policies' long-term and short-term impact on highway traffic volume under COVID-19. This method first analyzes the long-term and short-term impacts of traffic restriction policies on the highway traffic volume using the Prophet model combined with the concept of traffic volume loss. It further investigates the relationship between COVID-19 cases and the long-term and short-term impacts of the traffic restriction policy using Granger causality and the impulse response function of the Bayesian vector autoregressive (BVAR) model. The results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, highway traffic in Zhejiang Province decreased by about 95.5%, and the short-term impact of COVID-19 cases was most pronounced on the second day. However, the long-term effects were relatively small when the traffic restriction policy ended and was verified by data from other provinces. These results will provide decision support for traffic management and provide recommendations for future traffic impact assessments in the event of similar epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Brian Wolshon
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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Shang S, Jia W, Zhang S, Su B, Cheng R, Li Y, Zhang N. Changes on local travel behaviors under travel reduction-related interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: a case study in Hong Kong. CITY AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2023; 1:5. [PMCID: PMC9985955 DOI: 10.1007/s44213-023-00006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Omicron variant poses a serious threat to human health. Public transports play a critical role in infection spread. Based on the data of nearly 4 billion smartcard uses, between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2021 from the Mass Transit Railway Corporation of Hong Kong, we analyzed the subway travel behavior of different population groups (adults, children, students and senior citizens) due to the COVID-19 pandemic and human travel behavior under different interventions (e.g. work suspension, school closure). Due to the pandemic, the number of MTR passengers (the daily number of passengers in close proximity in subway carriages) decreased by 37.4% (40.8%) for adults, 80.3% (78.5%) for children, 71.6% (71.6%) for students, and 33.5% (36.1%) for senior citizens. Due to work from home (school suspension), the number of contacted adults (students/children) in the same carriage during the rush hours decreased by 39.6% (38.6%/43.2%). If all workers, students, and children were encouraged to commute avoiding rush hours, the possible repeated contacts during rush hour of adults, children and students decreased by 73.3%, 77.9% and 79.5%, respectively. Since adults accounted for 87.3% of the total number of subway passengers during the pandemic, work from home and staggered shift pattern of workers can reduce the infection risk effectively. Our objective is to find the changes of local travel behavior due to the pandemic. From the perspective of public transports, the results provide a scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Shang
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790The Research Institute for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Boni Su
- grid.467472.4China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Reynold Cheng
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yuguo Li
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang L. An Advanced Study of Urban Emergency Medical Equipment Logistics Distribution for Different Levels of Urgency Demand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11264. [PMID: 36141535 PMCID: PMC9517497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
At the early stage of a major public health emergency outbreak, there exists an imbalance between supply and demand in the distribution of emergency supplies. To improve the efficiency of emergency medical service equipment and relieve the treatment pressure of each medical treatment point, one of the most important factors is the emergency medical equipment logistics distribution. Based on the actual data of medical equipment demand during the epidemic and the characteristics of emergencies, this study proposed an evaluation index system for emergency medical equipment demand point urgency, based on the number of patients, the number of available inpatient beds, and other influencing factors as the index. An urban emergency medical equipment distribution model considering the urgency of demand, the distribution time window, and vehicle load was constructed with the constraints. Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the beginning of the outbreak was selected as a validation example, and the Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method and the genetic algorithm were used to simulate and validate the model with and without considering the demand urgency. The results show that under the public health emergencies, the distribution path designed to respond to different levels of urgency demand for medical equipment is the most efficient path and reduces the total distribution cost by 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Modern Post, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710061, China
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Calderón Peralvo F, Cazorla Vanegas P, Avila-Ordóñez E. A systematic review of COVID-19 transport policies and mitigation strategies around the globe. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 2022; 15:100653. [PMID: 35873107 PMCID: PMC9289094 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2022.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a Scopus-based systematic literature review of a wide variety of transportation policies and mitigation strategies that have been conducted around the world to minimize COVID-19 contagion risk in transportation systems. The review offers a representative coverage of countries across all continents of the planet, as well as among representative climate regions - as weather is an important factor to consider. The readership interested in policies and mitigation strategies is expected to involve a wide range of actors, each involving a particular application context; hence, the literature is also characterized by key attributes such as: transportation mode; actor (users, operators, government, industry); jurisdiction (national, provincial, city, neighborhood); and area of application (planning, regulation, operations, research, incentives). An in-depth analysis of the surveyed literature is then reported, focusing first on condensing the literature into 151 distinct policies and strategies, which are subsequently categorized into 25 broad categories that are discussed at length. The compendium and discussion of strategies and policies reported not only provide comprehensive guidelines to inform various courses of action for decision-makers, planners, and social communicators, but also emphasize on future work and the potential of some of these strategies to be the precursors of meaningful, more sustainable behavioral changes in future mobility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Calderón Peralvo
- Research Group "Models, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) Applied to Transport Systems", Computer Science Department, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Cazorla Vanegas
- Research Group "Models, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) Applied to Transport Systems", Computer Science Department, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Elina Avila-Ordóñez
- Research Group "Models, Analysis and Simulation (MAS) Applied to Transport Systems", Computer Science Department, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
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A hierarchical study for urban statistical indicators on the prevalence of COVID-19 in Chinese city clusters based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and polynomial best subset regression (PBSR) analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1964. [PMID: 35121784 PMCID: PMC8817036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With evidence-based measures, COVID-19 can be effectively controlled by advanced data analysis and prediction. However, while valuable insights are available, there is a shortage of robust and rigorous research on what factors shape COVID-19 transmissions at the city cluster level. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, we adopted a data-driven hierarchical modeling approach to identify the most influential factors in shaping COVID-19 transmissions across different Chinese cities and clusters. The data used in this study are from Chinese officials, and hierarchical modeling conclusions drawn from the analysis are systematic, multifaceted, and comprehensive. To further improve research rigor, the study utilizes SPSS, Python and RStudio to conduct multiple linear regression and polynomial best subset regression (PBSR) analysis for the hierarchical modeling. The regression model utilizes the magnitude of various relative factors in nine Chinese city clusters, including 45 cities at a different level of clusters, to examine these aspects from the city cluster scale, exploring the correlation between various factors of the cities. These initial 12 factors are comprised of ‘Urban population ratio’, ‘Retail sales of consumer goods’, ‘Number of tourists’, ‘Tourism Income’, ‘Ratio of the elderly population (> 60 year old) in this city’, ‘population density’, ‘Mobility scale (move in/inbound) during the spring festival’, ‘Ratio of Population and Health facilities’, ‘Jobless rate (%)’, ‘The straight-line distance from original epicenter Wuhan to this city’, ‘urban per capita GDP’, and ‘the prevalence of the COVID-19’. The study’s results provide rigorously-tested and evidence-based insights on most instrumental factors that shape COVID-19 transmissions across cities and regions in China. Overall, the study findings found that per capita GDP and population mobility rates were the most affected factors in the prevalence of COVID-19 in a city, which could inform health experts and government officials to design and develop evidence-based and effective public health policies that could curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Wu X, Chen B, Chen H, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Management of and Revitalization Strategy for Megacities Under Major Public Health Emergencies: A Case Study of Wuhan. Front Public Health 2022; 9:797775. [PMID: 35155351 PMCID: PMC8829135 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.797775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 has meant an uphill battle for city management. However, due to deficiencies in facilities and management experience, many megacities are less resilient when faced with such major public health events. Therefore, we chose Wuhan for a case study to examine five essential modules of urban management relevant to addressing the pandemic: (1) the medical and health system, (2) lifeline engineering and infrastructure, (3) community and urban management, (4) urban ecology and (5) economic development. The experience and deficiencies of each module in fighting the pandemic are analyzed, and strategies for revitalization and sustainable development in the future are proposed. The results show that in response to large-scale public health events, a comprehensive and coordinated medical system and good urban ecology can prevent the rapid spread of the epidemic. Additionally, good infrastructure and community management can maintain the operation of the city under the pandemic, and appropriate support policies are conducive to the recovery and development of the urban economy. These precedents provide insights and can serve as a reference for how to change the course of the pandemic in megacities that are still at risk, and they provide experience for responding to other pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zongbao Feng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu J, Bai J, Wu D. Medical supplies scheduling in major public health emergencies. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART E, LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW 2021; 154:102464. [PMID: 36570618 PMCID: PMC9760551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2021.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, there was an unreasonable allocation between hospitals and a lack of timely transportation of medical supplies, which reduced the cure rate of infected cases. To solve the problem, this research proposes a method for scheduling medical supplies in major public health emergencies to develop a rapid and accurate supply scheme for medical materials, including the allocation of medical materials per vehicle to each hospital and the supply sequence per vehicle to each hospital. Specifically, this paper solves the following two sub-problems: (1) calculating the shortest transportation times and the corresponding routes from any distributing center(s) to any hospital(s); (2) calculating the medical supplies per vehicle transporting to each hospital. The method of solving sub-problem 1 is performed by multiple iterations, each of which calculates the shortest route from a distributing center, through one or more hospitals, and back to the distributing center. According to sub-problem 2, this research proposes a distribution model of medical supplies in major public health emergencies. A multiple dynamic programming algorithm which is a combination of some separated dynamic programming operations is proposed to solve this model. This algorithm also realizes the rapid updating of the scheme in the context of the changing number of vehicles. The first sub-problem can be solved in normal times, while the second one should be solved on the premise of obtaining the corresponding data after the occurrence of a major public health emergency. In the case study section, the whole method proposed in this research is employed in the medical supplies scheduling in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, which proves the availability of the method. The main innovation of the method proposed in this research is that the problems can obtain the optimal solution while the time complexity is within an acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jinyu Bai
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Xu L, Yang S, Chen J, Shi J. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on port performance: Evidence from China. OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 209:105660. [PMID: 36567875 PMCID: PMC9759482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious effect on the global economy, particularly the volume of port trade between imports and exports. We construct a panel regression model with month as time series where panel data from 14 major ports in China from January to October 2020 to analyze how the macro economy, the severity of the epidemic, and government control measures affect port operations. Based on the results, we have identified the key factors affecting port operations in the context of the pandemic and the managerial insights can help shipping company, port operator and government to change the strategy to copy with the effect of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xu
- College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumiao Yang
- College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Shi
- College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zhang N, Chen X, Jia W, Jin T, Xiao S, Chen W, Hang J, Ou C, Lei H, Qian H, Su B, Li J, Liu D, Zhang W, Xue P, Liu J, Weschler LB, Xie J, Li Y, Kang M. Evidence for lack of transmission by close contact and surface touch in a restaurant outbreak of COVID-19. J Infect 2021; 83:207-216. [PMID: 34062182 PMCID: PMC8164346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease that has become a global pandemic. Close contact plays an important role in infection spread, while fomite may also be a possible transmission route. Research during the COVID-19 pandemic has identified long-range airborne transmission as one of the important transmission routes although lack solid evidence. METHODS We examined video data related to a restaurant associated COVID-19 outbreak in Guangzhou. We observed more than 40,000 surface touches and 13,000 episodes of close contacts in the restaurant during the entire lunch duration. These data allowed us to analyse infection risk via both the fomite and close contact routes. RESULTS There is no significant correlation between the infection risk via both fomite and close contact routes among those who were not family members of the index case. We can thus rule out virus transmission via fomite contact and interpersonal close contact routes in the Guangzhou restaurant outbreak. The absence of a fomite route agrees with the COVID-19 literature. CONCLUSIONS These results provide indirect evidence for the long-range airborne route dominating SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the restaurant. We note that the restaurant was poorly ventilated, allowing for increasing airborne SARS-CoV-2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong province, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tianyi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyun Ou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong province, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Fogang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Min Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong province, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Urban Hierarchical Open-up Schemes Based on Fine Regional Epidemic Data for the Lockdown in COVID-19 ☆☆☆. BIG DATA RESEARCH 2021; 25:100243. [PMCID: PMC8204814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdr.2021.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 outbreaking, China's lock-down measures have played an outstanding role in epidemic prevention; many other countries have followed similar practices. The policy of social alienation and community containment was executed to reduce civic activities, which brings up numerous economic losses. It has become an urgent task for these countries to open-up, while the epidemic has almost under control. However, it still lacks sufficient literature to set appropriate open-up schemes that strike a balance between open-up risk and lock-down cost. Big data collection and analysis, which play an increasingly important role in urban governance, provide a useful tool for solving the problem. This paper explores the influence of open-up granularity on both the open-up risk and the lock-down cost. It proposes an SEIR-CAL model considering the effect of asymptomatic patients based on propagation dynamics, and offered a model to calculate the lock-down cost based on the lock-down population. A simulation experiment is then carried out based on the mass actual data of Wuhan City to explore the influence of open-up granularity. Finally, this paper proposed the evaluation score (ES) to comprehensively measure schemes with different costs and risks. The experiments suggest that when released under the non-epidemic situation, the open-up scheme with the granularity refined to the block has the optimal ES. Results indicated that the fine-grained open-up scheme could significantly reduce the lock-down cost with a relatively low open-up risk increase.
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14
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Benita F. Human mobility behavior in COVID-19: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 70:102916. [PMID: 35720981 PMCID: PMC9187318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This article maps the scientific literature in human mobility behavior in the context of the current pandemic. Through bibliometrics, we analyze the content of published scientific studies indexed on the Web of Science and Scopus during 2020. This enables us the detection of current hotspots and future directions of research. After a co-occurrence of keywords and evidence map analysis, four themes are identified, namely, Land Transport - Operations, Land Transport - Traffic Demand, Air Transport and Environment. We show how air transportation- and environmental-related studies tend to be more mature research whereas the understanding of changes in travel behavior (e.g., telecommuting, preventive measures or health protection behavior) tends to be immature. By using a topic modeling approach, we identify multiple sub-themes within each theme. Our framework adopts a smart literature review approach that can be constantly updated, enabling an analysis of many articles, with little investment of the researcher's time, but also provides high degree of transparency and replicability. We also put forth a research agenda that can help inform and shape transport policy and practice responses to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Benita
- Engineering Systems and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore
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15
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COVID-19 Risk Assessment: Contributing to Maintaining Urban Public Health Security and Achieving Sustainable Urban Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most infectious disease in 2020, COVID-19 is an enormous shock to urban public health security and to urban sustainable development. Although the epidemic in China has been brought into control at present, the prevention and control of it is still the top priority of maintaining public health security. Therefore, the accurate assessment of epidemic risk is of great importance to the prevention and control even to overcoming of COVID-19. Using the fused data obtained from fusing multi-source big data such as POI (Point of Interest) data and Tencent-Yichuxing data, this study assesses and analyzes the epidemic risk and main factors that affect the distribution of COVID-19 on the basis of combining with logistic regression model and geodetector model. What’s more, the following main conclusions are obtained: the high-risk areas of the epidemic are mainly concentrated in the areas with relatively dense permanent population and floating population, which means that the permanent population and floating population are the main factors affecting the risk level of the epidemic. In other words, the reasonable control of population density is greatly conducive to reducing the risk level of the epidemic. Therefore, the control of regional population density remains the key to epidemic prevention and control, and home isolation is also the best means of prevention and control. The precise assessment and analysis of the epidemic conducts by this study is of great significance to maintain urban public health security and achieve the sustainable urban development.
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16
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Fortaleza CMCB, Guimarães RB, Catão RDC, Ferreira CP, Berg de Almeida G, Nogueira Vilches T, Pugliesi E. The use of health geography modeling to understand early dispersion of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245051. [PMID: 33411768 PMCID: PMC7790416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health policies to contain the spread of COVID-19 rely mainly on non-pharmacological measures. Those measures, especially social distancing, are a challenge for developing countries, such as Brazil. In São Paulo, the most populous state in Brazil (45 million inhabitants), most COVID-19 cases up to April 18th were reported in the Capital and metropolitan area. However, the inner municipalities, where 20 million people live, are also at risk. As governmental authorities discuss the loosening of measures for restricting population mobility, it is urgent to analyze the routes of dispersion of COVID-19 in São Paulo territory. We hypothesize that urban hierarchy is the main responsible for the disease spreading, and we identify the hotspots and the main routes of virus movement from the metropolis to the inner state. In this ecological study, we use geographic models of population mobility to check for patterns for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identify two patterns based on surveillance data: one by contiguous diffusion from the capital metropolitan area, and the other hierarchical with long-distance spread through major highways that connects São Paulo city with cities of regional relevance. This knowledge can provide real-time responses to support public health strategies, optimizing the use of resources in order to minimize disease impact on population and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raul Borges Guimarães
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Castro Catão
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pio Ferreira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Berg de Almeida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thomas Nogueira Vilches
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computation, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Edmur Pugliesi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil
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