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Chai Y, Xian G, Guo L, Fu G, Liu Y, Wang M, Luo S. The relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression level in older adults: the mediating role of adult socioeconomic status and subjective well-being. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:138. [PMID: 38321378 PMCID: PMC10848464 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a causal link between childhood socioeconomic status and health status in adulthood and beyond. It's vital to comprehend the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and mental health among older Chinese individuals from the current generation who have undergone significant social changes in China. This understanding is critical to foster healthy demographic and social development in China. METHODS Using data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies, we investigate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression in older adults. Additionally, we examine the mediating role of adult socioeconomic status and subjective well-being. RESULTS 1) Childhood socioeconomic status of Chinese older adults differences by region of residence, while depression levels differences by gender, region of residence, and marital status. 2) Adult socioeconomic status mediated the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression in older adults. 3) Adult socioeconomic status and subjective well-being had a chain-mediated role in the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression in older adults. CONCLUSIONS In terms of childhood socioeconomic status, older adults in urban regions were significantly higher than those in rural regions. As for depression level, female older adults were more depressed than males; married older people have the lowest depression levels, while unmarried and widowed older people have higher depression levels; older adults in rural regions had higher depression levels than those in urban regions. Evidence from our study further suggests that childhood socioeconomic status can suppress the depression level in older adults through adult socioeconomic status; it can also further reduce the depression level in older adults through the chain mediation of adult economic status affecting subjective well-being. As depression is more prevalent among older individuals with a lower childhood socioeconomic status, it is vital to prioritize the extensive impact of childhood socioeconomic status as a distal factor and investigate "upstream" solutions to enhance childhood socioeconomic status and reduce the gap during the early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chai
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Guowei Xian
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Guoqi Fu
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China.
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Physical inactivity amplifies the negative association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Prev Med 2022; 164:107233. [PMID: 36067805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality and physical inactivity are known risk factors for depressive symptoms. Yet, whether these factors differently contribute to depressive symptoms and whether they interact with one another remains unclear. Here, we examined how sleep quality and physical activity influence depressive symptoms in 79,274 adults 50 years of age or older (52.4% women) from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study. Sleep quality (poor vs. good), physical activity (inactive vs. active), and depressive symptoms (0 to 12 score) were repeatedly collected (7 waves of data collection) between 2004 and 2017. Results showed that sleep quality and physical activity were associated with depressive symptoms. Specifically, participants with poorer sleep quality reported more depressive symptoms than participants with better sleep quality (b = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.83-1.86, p < .001). Likewise, compared to physically active participants, physically inactive participants reported more depressive symptoms (b = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.42-0.45, p < .001). Moreover, sleep quality and physical activity showed an interactive association with depressive symptoms (b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.13-0.20, p < .001). The negative association between poor sleep quality and higher depressive symptoms was stronger in physically inactive than active participants. These findings suggest that, in adults 50 years of age or older, both poor sleep quality and physical inactivity are related to an increase in depressive symptoms. Moreover, the detrimental association between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms is amplified in physically inactive individuals.
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Recksiedler C, Cheval B, Sieber S, Orsholits D, Stawski RS, Cullati S. Linking widowhood and later-life depressive symptoms: Do childhood socioeconomic circumstances matter? Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2159-2169. [PMID: 34494920 PMCID: PMC8901780 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1972930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Widowhood and adverse childhood socioeconomic circumstances (CSC) have both been linked to increased levels of depressive symptoms in old age. Beyond their independent impact on depressive symptoms, experiencing adverse CSC may also trigger a cascade of cumulative adversity and secondary stressors across the life course that shapes how individuals weather stressful life events later on.Method: We examine whether exposure to adverse CSC moderates the relationship between later-life widowhood and depressive symptoms using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2017).Results: Mixed-effects models revealed that both widowhood and adverse CSC were associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms among men and women. Associations between widowhood and depressive symptoms, however, were not moderated by CSC for both genders.Conclusion: Persisting differences in the levels of mental health in response to later-life widowhood did not further widen in the presence of disparities experienced early in the life course. This may reflect the life-altering impact of this age-normative, yet stressful life event across the social strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Recksiedler
- Department of Social Monitoring and Methodology, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Muhammad T, Debnath P, Srivastava S, Sekher TV. Childhood deprivations predict late-life cognitive impairment among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12786. [PMID: 35896620 PMCID: PMC9329336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large population-based studies on the associations of childhood factors with late-life cognition are lacking in many low and middle income countries including India. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of late-life cognitive impairment and examined the associations of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health conditions with cognitive impairment among older adults in India. Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted in 2017–18. The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Cognitive functioning was measured through five global domains (memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming). The overall score ranged between 0 and 43, and the score was reversed indicating cognitive impairment. Descriptive statistics along with mean scores of cognitive impairment were presented. Additionally, moderated multivariable linear regression models were employed to examine the association between explanatory variables, including childhood SES and health conditions and late-life cognitive impairment. The mean score of cognitive functioning among the study participants was 21.72 (CI 2.64–21.80). About 15% of older adults had poor health conditions, and 44% had lower financial status during their childhood. Older adults who had a fair health during their childhood were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment in comparison to older adults who had good health during their childhood (Coef: 0.60; CI 0.39, 0.81). In comparison to older adults who had good childhood financial status, those who had poor childhood financial status were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment (Coef: 0.81; CI 0.56, 1.07). Older adults who had fair childhood health status and poor childhood financial status were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment in comparison to older adults who had good childhood health and good financial status (Coef: 1.26; CI 0.86, 1.66). Social policies such as improving educational and financial resources in disadvantaged communities and socioeconomically poor children and their families, would help to enhance a better cognitive ageing and a healthy and dignified life in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - Paramita Debnath
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - T V Sekher
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
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Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Beran D, Chalabaev A, Sander D, Cullati S, Boisgontier MP. Why Are Individuals With Diabetes Less Active? The Mediating Role of Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Factors. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:904-917. [PMID: 33491067 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the key role of physical activity in the management of diabetes, many individuals with diabetes do not engage in the recommended levels of physical activity. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between diabetes and physical inactivity is limited. PURPOSE To investigate the associations between diabetes and the levels and evolution of physical activity across aging, and to determine whether physical, emotional, and cognitive factors mediate these associations. METHODS Data from 105,622 adults aged 50-96 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used in adjusted linear mixed models to examine whether diabetes was associated with physical activity levels and variations across aging. The potential mediators were subjective energy, muscle strength, physical and cognitive disability, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and cognitive functions. The variables were measured up to seven times over a 13-year period. RESULTS Individuals with diabetes demonstrated a lower level and a steeper decrease in physical activity across aging than individual without diabetes. Mediators explained ~53% and 94% of the association of diabetes with the level of physical activity and with the linear evolution of physical activity across aging, respectively. All mediators were significantly associated with physical activity. Physical and cognitive disability as well as depressive symptoms were the strongest mediators, while sleep was the lowest one. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the etiology of physical inactivity in individuals with diabetes can result from several physical, emotional, and cognitive changes associated with the emergence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | | | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Boisgontier MP, Orsholits D, von Arx M, Sieber S, Miller MW, Courvoisier D, Iversen MD, Cullati S, Cheval B. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depressive Symptoms, Functional Dependence, and Physical Activity: A Moderated Mediation Model. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:790-799. [PMID: 32698122 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence are interrelated. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The authors investigated the potential of depressive symptoms to mediate the effect of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence in older age and whether physical activity moderated this mediation. METHOD Data from 25,775 adults aged 62 (9) years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used in adjusted linear mixed-effects models to test whether depressive symptoms mediated the associations between adverse childhood experiences and functional dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) and whether physical activity moderated these mediations. RESULTS The results showed a graded association between the number of adverse childhood experiences (0 vs 1 and 0 vs ≥2) and the number of functional limitations in both ADL (bs = 0.040 and 0.067) and IADL (bs = 0.046 and 0.076). These associations were mediated by depressive symptoms. Physical activity reduced the effect of adverse childhood experiences on depressive symptoms (bs = -0.179 and -0.515) and tempered the effect of depressive symptoms on functional dependence both in ADL (b = -0.073) and IADL (b = -0.100). As a result of these reductions, the effect of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms on functional dependence in ADL (Ps > .081) and IADL (Ps > .528) was nonsignificant in physically active participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, after age 50, engaging in physical activity more than once a week protects functional independence from the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences and depression. In inactive individuals, the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence are mediated by depressive symptoms.
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Bharti S, Bharti B. Modeling Life-Course Socioeconomic Changes and Blood Pressure in Adults: Time for Transdisciplinary Approach. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:23-25. [PMID: 31586444 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sahul Bharti
- Build Healthy India Movement (Research based NGO), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhavneet Bharti
- Build Healthy India Movement (Research based NGO), Chandigarh, India
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