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Caruso OT, McEachern LW, Minaker LM, Gilliland JA. The Influence of the School Neighborhood Food Retail Environment on Unhealthy Food Purchasing Behaviors Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:145-161. [PMID: 38284954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents are often exposed to food retailers selling unhealthy food items during their lunch breaks and school commutes. This systematic review examines the influence of school neighborhood food retail environments on adolescent food purchasing. METHODS A systematic search of 6 databases. Observational studies published from January 2012 to December 2022 that measured food availability, accessibility, or exposure, measured food purchasing, and focused on adolescents (aged 10-19 years) were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Twelve studies with 97 findings were included. Thirty-one findings indicated that a school neighborhood with a high density of unhealthy food retail, a school with unhealthy food retail nearby, or exposure to unhealthy food retail on the journey to/from school was associated with higher prevalence and frequency of unhealthy food purchases. DISCUSSION Adolescents' food purchasing behaviors may be meaningfully affected by their school neighborhood food retail environment; however, the included studies have many methodological shortcomings. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Results identify the need for new studies that measure food purchasing, use comprehensive definitions of food retail environments, and adopt more rigorous methods to approximate exposure to food retail. More robust evidence would strengthen the rationale for policy or program interventions and potentially indicate specific targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T Caruso
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise W McEachern
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leia M Minaker
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Vaillancourt C, Ahmed M, Kirk S, Labonté MÈ, Laar A, Mah CL, Minaker L, Olstad DL, Potvin Kent M, Provencher V, Prowse R, Raine KD, Schram A, Zavala-Mora D, Rancourt-Bouchard M, Vanderlee L. Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38373957 PMCID: PMC10875887 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous research methodologies have been used to examine food environments. Existing reviews synthesizing food environment measures have examined a limited number of domains or settings and none have specifically targeted Canada. This rapid review aimed to 1) map research methodologies and measures that have been used to assess food environments; 2) examine what food environment dimensions and equity related-factors have been assessed; and 3) identify research gaps and priorities to guide future research. A systematic search of primary articles evaluating the Canadian food environment in a real-world setting was conducted. Publications in English or French published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1 2010 and June 17 2021 and indexed in Web of Science, CAB Abstracts and Ovid MEDLINE were considered. The search strategy adapted an internationally-adopted food environment monitoring framework covering 7 domains (Food Marketing; Labelling; Prices; Provision; Composition; Retail; and Trade and Investment). The final sample included 220 articles. Overall, Trade and Investment (1%, n = 2), Labelling (7%, n = 15) and, to a lesser extent, Prices (14%, n = 30) were the least studied domains in Canada. Among Provision articles, healthcare (2%, n = 1) settings were underrepresented compared to school (67%, n = 28) and recreation and sport (24%, n = 10) settings, as was the food service industry (14%, n = 6) compared to grocery stores (86%, n = 36) in the Composition domain. The study identified a vast selection of measures employed in Canada overall and within single domains. Equity-related factors were only examined in half of articles (n = 108), mostly related to Retail (n = 81). A number of gaps remain that prevent a holistic and systems-level analysis of food environments in Canada. As Canada continues to implement policies to improve the quality of food environments in order to improve dietary patterns, targeted research to address identified gaps and harmonize methods across studies will help evaluate policy impact over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vaillancourt
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sara Kirk
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Kjipuktuk (Halifax), NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Catherine L Mah
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leia Minaker
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3T1, Canada
| | - Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rachel Prowse
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kim D Raine
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave Northwest, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Ashley Schram
- School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), ANU College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University, 8 Fellows Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2600, Australia
| | - Daniela Zavala-Mora
- Science Library, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maryka Rancourt-Bouchard
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Dolui M, Sarkar S, Ghosh P, Hossain M. Dietary diversity and association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adult men (15-54 years): A cross-sectional study using National Family and Health Survey, India. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001775. [PMID: 37185617 PMCID: PMC10132668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A healthy and diversified diet is essential for preventing several non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Given the increasing evidence of diet-related health burdens and the rising prevalence of NCDs among Indian adults, the present study aims to explore dietary diversity patterns among adult men in India and their association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For this purpose, the study used the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4) to analyze adult male samples (n = 1,12,122). Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) were computed by the weighted sum of the number of different food groups consumed by an individual. The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer among adult men is considered a non-communicable disease. Bivariate and logistic regression was carried out to examine the association between DDS and NCDs by estimating chi-squared tests (χ2-test), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). The prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer among adult men in India is 2.1 percent, 1.2 percent, and 0.3 percent, respectively. Results show a positive association between dietary diversity score and the prevalence of the non-communicable disease. High-level dietary diversity scores increase to two times the likelihood of diabetes (OR 2.15 with p<0.05) among adult men than to better-off counterparts while controlling all the covariates. However, a moderate dietary diversity score significantly decreases the likelihood of heart disease (OR 0.88 with p<0.10) and Cancer (OR 0.71 with p<0.05) for adult men compared to a lower score of dietary diversity. In addition, age, marital status, drinking and smoking habits, occupation, and wealth index are also significantly associated with the odds of non-communicable diseases among adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mriganka Dolui
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjit Sarkar
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Geography, Ramsaday College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Moslem Hossain
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
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de França FCO, Andrade IDS, Zandonadi RP, Sávio KE, Akutsu RDCCDA. Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235090. [PMID: 36501120 PMCID: PMC9739807 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present systematic scope review intended to compile state-of-the-art information about the food environment around schools, exploring the main methods used to describe the food environment around schools as well as the possible effects that this environment can promote on the health of children and adolescents. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses-extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and guidelines were followed to ensure a robust and repeatable methodological process. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus, as well as in related articles, a manual search of reference lists and gray literature. Forty-six studies were selected. There was no standardization regarding distances from food establishments to schools, methods of analysis, and software used. The food environment around the schools was characterized by the wide availability of food establishments, especially fast food, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores known for offering a wide variety of unhealthy foods. Regarding the correlations with the health of children and adolescents, the evidence points to possible interferences of the food environment known as obesogenic, but it cannot be related only to the school environment since most of the acquisition and consumption of food usually happens around family homes. Conducting standardized and comprehensive studies evaluating food choices in the school environment and their interrelationships is very important to ensure children's food and nutrition security and minimize negative health outcomes in the medium and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iziane da Silva Andrade
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia-Rua Rui Barbosa, 710-Centro, Cruz das Almas 44574-490, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu
- Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia-Augusto Viana, s/n-Palácio da Reitoria, Canela, Salvador 40110-907, BA, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Novaes TG, Mendes LL, Almeida LFF, Ribeiro AQ, Costa BVDL, Claro RM, Pessoa MC. Availability of food stores around Brazilian schools. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2373-2383. [PMID: 35649024 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022276.19372021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the availability of food stores in the territory of schools. Ecological study conducted in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with all schools (N=42) and food stores (N=656). Data were collected through the objective evaluation of the environment, and the stores were categorized into healthy, unhealthy, mixed and supermarkets. Bivariate Ripley´s K function assessed the existence of clustering of categories of stores in the territory of schools. All the schools had at least one food store in their territory. Unhealthy stores were the most common and closest to the schools. There were more stores around private schools, offering high school education, located in the central region and in the highest per capita income tercile. The bivariate Ripley´s K function showed evidence of clustering of stores at all analyzed distances (400 to 1.5 km) with up to 3 times more establishments than would be expected if they were randomly distributed. Therefore, schoolchildren were likely exposed to unhealthy food environments, regardless of neighborhood income and location, which may contribute to inadequate food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Gonçalves Novaes
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil.
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | | | - Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil.
| | - Bruna Vieira de Lima Costa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
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An Analysis of Food Accessibility of Mountain Cities in China: A Case Study of Chongqing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mountain cities are characterized by undulating terrain, complex road networks, and diverse road facilities, which makes accessing food more difficult than in cities with a flat terrain. This study proposes an enhanced two-step method based on the Baidu map service for the construction of supermarket–market–retail food sales architecture and for calculating food accessibility. The accessibility indices of seven major food categories (grains and oils, fruits, vegetables, seafood, meat, milk, and eggs) were calculated considering the principle of the fairest walking routes in Chongqing. The correlations between food accessibility and house price and house age in Chongqing were explored through local Moran’s analysis and geographically weighted regression. The correlations illustrated the fairness of the distribution of food accessibility in Chongqing among the poor and rich. The experiments showed generally well-developed food accessibility in the main urban areas of Chongqing. However, accessibility to fresh fruits and vegetables lagged in newly built urban areas.
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Araújo MLD, Silva GB, Rocha LL, Novaes TG, Lima CAMD, Mendes LL, Pessoa MC. Características do ambiente alimentar comunitário e do entorno das residências das famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:641-651. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022272.38562020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Conhecer o ambiente alimentar a que as famílias beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) estão expostas é necessário para identificar a exposição a ambientes que favoreçam piores escolhas alimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o ambiente alimentar comunitário da zona urbana do município de Ouro Preto e do entorno das residências das famílias beneficiárias do PBF. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, conduzido com dados do Sistema de Cadastro Único e da Secretaria Estadual da Fazenda, ambos de 2014, e do Censo 2010. Foram realizadas análises espaciais para avaliar as aglomerações de famílias beneficiárias e de estabelecimentos. Os setores censitários (SC) periféricos e com menor renda per capita apresentaram pouco ou nenhum local de venda de alimentos, bem como maior aglomeração de famílias beneficiárias do PBF, que estão mais próximas a estabelecimentos considerados não saudáveis (mediana: 65,73 metros). Verificou-se maior concentração de locais de venda de alimentos, sobretudo não saudáveis, nos SC de localização central e de maior renda per capita (59,2%). Nesse caso, torna-se relevante o diálogo com outras políticas públicas interrelacionadas com a nutrição, visando reduzir as iniquidades e contribuir para melhorar o acesso físico a estabelecimentos de venda de alimentos saudáveis.
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Peres CMDC, Costa BVDL, Pessoa MC, Honório OS, Carmo ASD, Silva TPRD, Gardone DS, Meireles AL, Mendes LL. [Community food environment and presence of food swamps around schools in a Brazilian metropolis]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00205120. [PMID: 34133638 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00205120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the community food environment and the existence of food swamps around schools in a Brazilian metropolis. This was an ecological study in public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with a 250-meter buffer as the analytical unit. The study included all preschool, elementary, and middle schools. In relation to the schools, the study evaluated administrative regimen (public versus private), type of teaching, and per capita income in the schools' census tracts. Information was also compiled on the retail food establishments inside the buffer zone around the schools. The food environment was characterized only according to the establishments around the schools that sold food for immediate consumption. Analysis of the buffers revealed that 97.4% of the schools had at least one establishment in the vicinity that sold food for immediate consumption. The most available establishments around schools were snack bars, restaurants, and bars. Schools located in higher-income census tracts showed higher mean numbers of all establishments in their vicinity, except for grocery stores and supermarkets. In addition, 54.6% of the schools were in neighborhoods classified as food swamps. The results that the among the target categories, there was a predominance of establishments that mainly sell ultra-processed foods such as bars and snack bars in the vicinity of schools in Belo Horizonte, which exposes children and adolescents to an unhealthy food environment.
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Lin SH, Hsu CC, Zhong T, He X, Li JH, Tzeng GH, Hsieh JC. EXPLORING LOCATION DETERMINANTS OF ASIA’S UNIQUE BEVERAGE SHOPS BASED ON A HYBRID MADM MODEL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3846/ijspm.2021.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying relevant location determinants is a good starting point for shop operators, help to increase profitability and, thus, avoiding business failure. Traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) or the Analytic Network Process (ANP) have shortages that require improvement. Herein, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), ANP based on DEMATEL (DANP), and modified Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (modified VIKOR) are used to construct a hybrid multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) model, encompassing three dimensions and thirteen criteria in exploring the location determinants of Asia’s unique Bubble Tea Shops (BTSs) and to evaluate three preselected alternatives in Nanjing, China. The empirical findings of the DEMATEL method reveal that traffic traits (D1) and site traits (D2) are critical to BTSs, and that once these are enhanced, shop traits (D3) are also improved. Criteria deemed as important, based on the DEMATEL and DANP methodology, are (in descending order): proximity to a street corner (C2), proximity to public transportation systems (C1), road width (C3), proximity to communities (C5), proximity to commercial areas (C6), types of shop (C9), and proximity to schools (C7). Different decision-making rankings among alternatives are indicated based upon the modified VIKOR method and corresponding strategies for improvement are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Chen Hsu
- Department of Business Administration, Soochow University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Taiyang Zhong
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Jia-Hsuan Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing City, China
| | - Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Urban Planning, College of Public Affairs, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chzi Hsieh
- Department of Land Management, College of Construction and Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Exploring Student Food Behaviour in Relation to Food Retail over the Time of Implementing Ontario's School Food and Beverage Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142563. [PMID: 31323771 PMCID: PMC6679208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Canadian provincial policies, like Ontario’s School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM 150), increasingly mandate standards for food and beverages offered for sale at school. Given concerns regarding students leaving school to purchase less healthy foods, we examined student behaviours and competitive food retail around schools in a large urban region of Southern Ontario. Methods: Using a geographic information system (GIS), we enumerated food outlets (convenience stores, fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants) within 500, 1000 and 1500 m of all 389 regional schools spanning years of policy implementation. Consenting grade 6–10 students within 31 randomly selected schools completed a web-based 24-h diet recall (WEB-Q) and questionnaire. Results: Food outlet numbers increased over time (p < 0.01); post-policy, within 1000 m, they averaged 27.31 outlets, with a maximum of 65 fast-food restaurants around one school. Of WEB-Q respondents (n = 2075, mean age = 13.4 ± 1.6 years), those who ate lunch at a restaurant/take-out (n = 84, 4%) consumed significantly more energy (978 vs. 760 kcal), sodium (1556 vs. 1173 mg), and sugar (44.3 vs. 40.1 g). Of elementary and secondary school respondents, 22.1% and 52.4% reported ever eating at fast food outlets during school days. Conclusions: Students have easy access to food retail in school neighbourhoods. The higher energy, sodium and sugar of these options present a health risk.
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Li Y, Du T, Huff-Corzine L, Johnson K, Noyongoyo B. Where is the fruit? Multidimensional inequalities in food retail environments around public elementary schools. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:500-508. [PMID: 30995343 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of convenience and small food stores may be contributing to the rising childhood obesity rate in the United States; however, the literature assessing food environments surrounding elementary schools in this country is relatively limited. This study determines (a) whether the food environments around public elementary schools is of significantly lower quality than those of other areas in the United States and (b) how the quality of the school food environment is associated with local socio-economic factors and geographical components. METHODS Data for 52,375 public elementary schools as well as 96,652 convenience stores, 65,044 small food stores, and 44,383 supermarkets/grocery stores were obtained from the National Center of Education Statistics and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A two-sample t test was applied to compare the food environment within 0.5-mile buffer around schools and that in the remaining area of each county. A binomial regression model was constructed to examine the impact of socio-economic and geographical factors on unequal food environments. RESULTS The food environment within 0.5 mile around schools is of significantly poorer quality than that of the rest of the test area (p < .001). The quality of the food environment around schools is highly associated with such socio-economic factors as median household income (OR = 1.000, p < .01) and percentage of minority population (OR = 0.989, p < .01). Quality also varies geographically, with poorer quality in the Midwest (OR = 0.722, p < .05) and northeast (OR = 0.328, p < .001) than in the south and west and lower quality in metro counties (OR = 0.627, p < .01) than in rural and nonmetro counties. CONCLUSION Our findings stress the importance of awareness for improving food retail environments around elementary schools for the benefit of our children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Li
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lin Huff-Corzine
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kenisha Johnson
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Boniface Noyongoyo
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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Assis MMD, Leite MA, Côrtes AJ, Carmo ASD, Matozinhos FP, Cândido APC, Mendes LL. EXCESSO DE PESO, AMBIENTE PERCEBIDO E PRIVAÇÃO SOCIAL: UM ESTUDO DA PERCEPÇÃO DE PAIS OU RESPONSÁVEIS. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2018; 36:466-473. [PMID: 30462779 PMCID: PMC6322807 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;4;00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate parents’ or guardians’ perception of their residential
proximity to food retailers, leisure areas, and spaces for physical activity
according to neighborhood social deprivation, and test associations between
the perceived environment and their children’s overweight. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 408 children and adolescents (6- to
15-year-olds) attending public schools in a medium-sized Brazilian city.
Data were collected from 2011 to 2014. A telephone interview using a
structured research tool determined the presence of overweight and the
walking time between the participants’ home and the places evaluated. The
indicator of social deprivation adopted was the Health Vulnerability Index.
Logistic regression models were constructed to predict the perception of
proximity (social deprivation as an explanatory variable) and evaluate
perceived environmental factors (explanatory variables) associated with
overweight (outcome). Results: Residents of areas with higher social vulnerability showed a probability of
perceived proximity 50 to 71% lower to supermarkets, street/produce markets,
parks, recreation areas/community centers, and gyms compared to residents of
less vulnerable areas. The perceived proximity to parks reduced the chance
of overweight in children and adolescents in 73%, with an odds ratio (OR) of
0.27 (95%CI 0.07-0.95; p<0.05). Conclusions: The perceived environment of the residential area infrastructure might be
related to neighborhood social deprivation and the presence of overweight in
children and adolescents.
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Elton S. Reconsidering the retail foodscape from a posthumanist and ecological determinants of health perspective: wading out of the food swamp. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2018.1468870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elton
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Shah TI, Milosavljevic S, Bath B. Measuring geographical accessibility to rural and remote health care services: Challenges and considerations. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2017; 21:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bauer J, Müller P, Maier W, Groneberg DA. Orthopedic workforce planning in Germany - an analysis of orthopedic accessibility. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171747. [PMID: 28178335 PMCID: PMC5298336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Germany, orthopedic workforce planning relies on population-to-provider-ratios represented by the 'official degree of care provision'. However, with geographic information systems (GIS), more sophisticated measurements are available. By utilizing GIS-based technologies we analyzed the current state of demand and supply of the orthopedic workforce in Germany (orthopedic accessibility) with the integrated Floating Catchment Area method. The analysis of n = 153,352,220 distances revealed significant geographical variations on national scale: 5,617,595 people (6.9% of total population) lived in an area with significant low orthopedic accessibility (average z-score = -4.0), whereas 31,748,161 people (39.0% of total population) lived in an area with significant high orthopedic accessibility (average z-score = 8.0). Accessibility was positively correlated with the degree of urbanization (r = 0.49; p<0.001) and the official degree of care provision (r = 0.33; p<0.001) and negatively correlated with regional social deprivation (r = -0.47; p<0.001). Despite advantages of simpler measures regarding implementation and acceptance in health policy, more sophisticated measures of accessibility have the potential to reduce costs as well as improve health care. With this study, significant geographical variations were revealed that show the need to reduce oversupply in less deprived urban areas in order to enable adequate care in more deprived rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bauer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Public Health Foundation (‘Stiftung Gesundheit’), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David A. Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Germany
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16
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Engler-Stringer R, Schaefer J, Ridalls T. An examination of the roles played by early adolescent children in interactions with their local food environment. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2016; 107:5296. [PMID: 27281514 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine how pre- and early adolescent (10-14 years old) children from a wide range of neighbourhoods interact with their local food environment (FE), with a focus on the foods and food sources they access and their locations. Children in this age group are developing independence and mobility within (and beyond) their home neighbourhoods but are somewhat geographically bound as they cannot yet drive. METHODS This research consists of qualitative interviews with 31 children (15 males, 16 females) aged 10-14 years living in socio-economically diverse neighbourhoods across Saskatoon, SK. A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Children's descriptions of what constitutes their neighbourhood FE were varied, ranging from a couple of city blocks to several kilometres from home. Children were familiar with the types of establishment that sell food within their perceived neighbourhood. When children purchased their own food they most frequently cited buying snacks such as ice cream, candy and slushes, and the majority of these purchases were made in convenience stores, gas stations and grocery stores. Few children reported frequenting fast-food or other restaurants without adults, and when they did it was usually to buy snacks such as French fries and ice cream rather than meals. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of interventions targeted to this age group, in which personal food choices were reported almost exclusively as being energy- but not nutrient-dense snack foods.
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17
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Luan H, Law J, Quick M. Identifying food deserts and swamps based on relative healthy food access: a spatio-temporal Bayesian approach. Int J Health Geogr 2015; 14:37. [PMID: 26714645 PMCID: PMC4696295 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-015-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and other adverse health outcomes are influenced by individual- and neighbourhood-scale risk factors, including the food environment. At the small-area scale, past research has analysed spatial patterns of food environments for one time period, overlooking how food environments change over time. Further, past research has infrequently analysed relative healthy food access (RHFA), a measure that is more representative of food purchasing and consumption behaviours than absolute outlet density. Methods This research applies a Bayesian hierarchical model to analyse the spatio-temporal patterns of RHFA in the Region of Waterloo, Canada, from 2011 to 2014 at the small-area level. RHFA is calculated as the proportion of healthy food outlets (healthy outlets/healthy + unhealthy outlets) within 4-km from each small-area. This model measures spatial autocorrelation of RHFA, temporal trend of RHFA for the study region, and spatio-temporal trends of RHFA for small-areas. Results For the study region, a significant decreasing trend in RHFA is observed (-0.024), suggesting that food swamps have become more prevalent during the study period. For small-areas, significant decreasing temporal trends in RHFA were observed for all small-areas. Specific small-areas located in south Waterloo, north Kitchener, and southeast Cambridge exhibited the steepest decreasing spatio-temporal trends and are classified as spatio-temporal food swamps. Conclusions This research demonstrates a Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling approach to analyse RHFA at the small-area scale. Results suggest that food swamps are more prevalent than food deserts in the Region of Waterloo. Analysing spatio-temporal trends of RHFA improves understanding of local food environment, highlighting specific small-areas where policies should be targeted to increase RHFA and reduce risk factors of adverse health outcomes such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luan
- Faculty of Environment, School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Jane Law
- Faculty of Environment, School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health System, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew Quick
- Faculty of Environment, School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Wang J, Engler-Stringer R, Muhajarine N. Assessing the Consumer Food Environment in Restaurants by Neighbourhood Distress Level across Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2015; 77:9-16. [PMID: 26450080 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2015-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the consumer food environment in restaurants in Saskatoon, using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Restaurants (NEMS-R), to examine differences by neighbourhood distress level and to reflect on the need for further refinement of the assessment of restaurant consumer food environments. METHODS Neighbourhoods were classified as low, middle, or high distress level based on the socioeconomic indicators (income, employment, and education) in the Material Deprivation Index. Differences in restaurant consumer food environments, indicated by mean NEMS-R total and sub-scores, were examined by various restaurant categories and by varying neighbourhood distress levels. RESULTS Chain coffee shops and pita and sandwich restaurants had higher NEMS-R totals and "Healthy Entrées" sub-scores; however, burger and chicken restaurants and pizza restaurants had more barriers to healthful eating. Although restaurants in lower distress level neighbourhoods generally rated healthier (higher NEMS-R scores), only a few measures (such as "Facilitators" and "Barriers") significantly differed by neighbourhood distress level. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to improve restaurant consumer food environments, especially in neighbourhoods with higher distress levels. The results suggest that reliable measures of the consumer food environment could be developed beginning with what can be measured by NEMS-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- a Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Rachel Engler-Stringer
- a Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- a Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
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