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Gao P, Kajiya M, Motoike S, Ikeya M, Yang J. Application of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in periodontal regeneration: Opportunities and challenges. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:95-108. [PMID: 38314143 PMCID: PMC10837070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been widely used in the periodontal treatment of intrabony and furcation defects for nearly four decades. The treatment outcomes have shown effectiveness in reducing pocket depth, improving attachment gain and bone filling in periodontal tissue. Although applying GTR could reconstruct the periodontal tissue, the surgical indications are relatively narrow, and some complications and race ethic problems bring new challenges. Therefore, it is challenging to achieve a consensus concerning the clinical benefits of GTR. With the appearance of stem cell-based regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been considered a promising cell resource for periodontal regeneration. In this review, we highlight preclinical and clinical periodontal regeneration using MSCs derived from distinct origins, including non-odontogenic and odontogenic tissues and induced pluripotent stem cells, and discuss the transplantation procedures, therapeutic mechanisms, and concerns to evaluate the effectiveness of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Souta Motoike
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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2
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Chang Y, Chang M, Bao X, Dong C. Advancements in adoptive CAR immune cell immunotherapy synergistically combined with multimodal approaches for tumor treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 42:379-403. [PMID: 39308543 PMCID: PMC11415837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy, notably involving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, has obtained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a treatment for various hematological malignancies, demonstrating promising preclinical efficacy against cancers. However, the intricate and resource-intensive autologous cell processing, encompassing collection, expansion, engineering, isolation, and administration, hamper the efficacy of this therapeutic modality. Furthermore, conventional CAR T therapy is presently confined to addressing solid tumors due to impediments posed by physical barriers, the potential for cytokine release syndrome, and cellular exhaustion induced by the immunosuppressive and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Consequently, a strategic integration of adoptive immunotherapy with synergistic multimodal treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and vaccine therapy etc., emerges as a pivotal approach to surmount these inherent challenges. This collaborative strategy holds the key to addressing the limitations delineated above, thereby facilitating the realization of more precise personalized therapies characterized by heightened therapeutic efficacy. Such synergistic strategy not only serves to mitigate the constraints associated with adoptive immunotherapy but also fosters enhanced clinical applicability, thereby advancing the frontiers of therapeutic precision and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mingyang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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3
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Xiong X, Gao C, Meng X, Liu A, Gong X, Sun Y. Research progress in stem cell therapy for Wilson disease. Regen Ther 2024; 27:73-82. [PMID: 38525238 PMCID: PMC10959646 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD), also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by disorganized copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. Currently, the main treatment options for WD involve medications such as d-penicillamine, trientine hydrochloride, zinc acetate, and liver transplantation. However, there are challenges that encompass issues of poor compliance, adverse effects, and limited availability of liver sources that persist. Stem cell therapy for WD is currently a promising area of research. Due to the advancement in stem cell directed differentiation technology in vitro and the availability of sufficient stem cell donors, it is expected to be a potential treatment option for the permanent correction of abnormal copper metabolism. This article discusses the research progress of stem cell therapy for WD from various sources, as well as the challenges and future prospects of the clinical application of stem cell therapy for WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlang Xiong
- Hospital of Hunan Guangxiu, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Ce Gao
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Hospital of Hunan Guangxiu, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Aihui Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Xin Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hospital of Hunan Guangxiu, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, 410205, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410008, China
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4
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Barzegari A, Salemi F, Kamyab A, Aratikatla A, Nejati N, Valizade M, Eltouny E, Ebrahimi A. The efficacy and applicability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based regimens for primary bone tumors: A comprehensive review of current evidence. J Bone Oncol 2024; 48:100635. [PMID: 39381633 PMCID: PMC11460493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary bone tumors (PBT), although rare, could pose significant mortality and morbidity risks due to their high incidence of lung metastasis. Survival rates of patients with PBTs may vary based on the tumor type, therapeutic interventions, and the time of diagnosis. Despite advances in the management of patients with these tumors over the past four decades, the survival rates seem not to have improved significantly, implicating the need for novel therapeutic interventions. Surgical resection with wide margins, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy are the main lines of treatment for PBTs. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, along with emerging immunotherapeutic approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, have the potential to improve the treatment outcomes for patients with PBTs. CAR-T cell therapy has been introduced as an option in hematologic malignancies, with FDA approval for several CD19-targeting CAR-T cell products. This review aims to highlight the potential of immunotherapeutic strategies, specifically CAR T cell therapy, in managing PBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fateme Salemi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Adarsh Aratikatla
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - Negar Nejati
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mojgan Valizade
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ehab Eltouny
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alireza Ebrahimi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Escribá R, Beksac M, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Glover JC, Koskela S, Latsoudis H, Querol S, Alvarez-Palomo B. Submission to Stem Cells Reviews and Reports. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10783-7. [PMID: 39276260 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell therapies for regenerative medicine offers an affordable and realistic alternative to producing individual iPSC lines for each patient in need. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)-homozygous iPSCs matched in hemi-similarity could provide cell therapies with reduced immune rejection covering a wide range of the population with a few iPSC lines. Several banks of HLA-homozygous iPSCs (haplobanks) have been established worldwide or are underway, to provide clinical grade starting material for cell therapies covering the most frequent HLA haplotypes for certain populations. Harmonizing quality standards among haplobanks and creating a global registry could minimize the collective effort and provide a much wider access to HLA-compatible cell therapies for patients with less frequent haplotypes. In this review we present all the current haplobank initiatives and their potential benefits for the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Escribá
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang I Teixits, 106 Passeig de Taulat, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meral Beksac
- Ankara Liv Hospital Istinye University and Cord Blood Bank, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- CiTHERA, Center of iPS Cell Therapy, Infrastructure INGESTEM University Paris Saclay Inserm U1310, 28 Rue Henri Desbruères, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Joel C Glover
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research and Norwegian Core Facility for Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Satu Koskela
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service Biobank, Härkälenkki 13, 01730, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Helen Latsoudis
- Information Systems Laboratory, Institute of Computer Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sergi Querol
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang I Teixits, 106 Passeig de Taulat, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Alvarez-Palomo
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang I Teixits, 106 Passeig de Taulat, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Clark BJ, Lelos MJ, Loring JF. Advancing Parkinson's disease treatment: cell replacement therapy with neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2024; 42:781-790. [PMID: 38902932 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the progressive loss of dopamine neurons from the substantia nigra. There are currently no treatments that can slow or reverse the neurodegeneration. To restore the lost neurons, international groups have initiated clinical trials using human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to derive dopamine neuron precursors that are used as transplants to replace the lost neurons. Proof-of-principle experiments in the 1980s and 1990s showed that grafts of fetal ventral mesencephalon, which contains the precursors of the substantial nigra, could, under rare circumstances, reverse symptoms of the disease. Improvements in PSC technology and genomics have inspired researchers to design clinical trials using PSC-derived dopamine neuron precursors as cell replacement therapy for PD. We focus here on 4 such first-in-human clinical trials that have begun in the US, Europe, and Japan. We provide an overview of the sources of PSCs and the methods used to generate cells for transplantation. We discuss pros and cons of strategies for allogeneic, immune-matched, and autologous approaches and novel methods for overcoming rejection by the immune system. We consider challenges for safety and efficacy of the cells for durable engraftment, focusing on the genomics-based quality control methods to assure that the cells will not become cancerous. Finally, since clinical trials like these have never been undertaken before, we comment on the value of cooperation among rivals to contribute to advancements that will finally provide relief for the millions suffering from the symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden J Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Mariah J Lelos
- School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92030, United States
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Frederiksen HR, Glantz A, Vøls KK, Skov S, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude K, Doehn U. CRISPR-Cas9 immune-evasive hESCs are rejected following transplantation into immunocompetent mice. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1403395. [PMID: 38863835 PMCID: PMC11165197 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1403395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although current stem cell therapies exhibit promising potential, the extended process of employing autologous cells and the necessity for donor-host matching to avert the rejection of transplanted cells significantly limit the widespread applicability of these treatments. It would be highly advantageous to generate a pluripotent universal donor stem cell line that is immune-evasive and, therefore, not restricted by the individual's immune system, enabling unlimited application within cell replacement therapies. Before such immune-evasive stem cells can be moved forward to clinical trials, in vivo testing via transplantation experiments in immune-competent animals would be a favorable approach preceding preclinical testing. By using human stem cells in immune competent animals, results will be more translatable to a clinical setting, as no parts of the immune system have been altered, although in a xenogeneic setting. In this way, immune evasiveness, cell survival, and unwanted proliferative effects can be assessed before clinical trials in humans. The current study presents the generation and characterization of three human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) for xenogeneic transplantation in immune-competent mice. The major histocompatibility complexes I- and II-encoding genes, B2M and CIITA, have been deleted from the hESCs using CRISPR-Cas9-targeted gene replacement strategies and knockout. B2M was knocked out by the insertion of murine CD47. Human-secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (hSEAP) was inserted in a safe harbor site to track cells in vivo. The edited hESCs maintained their pluripotency, karyotypic normality, and stable expression of murine CD47 and hSEAP in vitro. In vivo transplantation of hESCs into immune-competent BALB/c mice was successfully monitored by measuring hSEAP in blood samples. Nevertheless, transplantation of immune-evasive hESCs resulted in complete rejection within 11 days, with clear immune infiltration of T-cells on day 8. Our results reveal that knockout of B2M and CIITA together with species-specific expression of CD47 are insufficient to prevent rejection in an immune-competent and xenogeneic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Cell Therapy Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
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8
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Short L, Holt RA, Cullis PR, Evgin L. Direct in vivo CAR T cell engineering. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:406-418. [PMID: 38614815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
T cells modified to express intelligently designed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are exceptionally powerful therapeutic agents for relapsed and refractory blood cancers and have the potential to revolutionize therapy for many other diseases. To circumvent the complexity and cost associated with broad-scale implementation of ex vivo manufactured adoptive cell therapy products, alternative strategies to generate CAR T cells in vivo by direct infusion of nanoparticle-formulated nucleic acids or engineered viral vectors under development have received a great deal of attention in the past few years. Here, we outline the ex vivo manufacturing process as a motivating framework for direct in vivo strategies and discuss emerging data from preclinical models to highlight the potency of the in vivo approach, the applicability for new disease indications, and the remaining challenges associated with clinical readiness, including delivery specificity, long term efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauralie Short
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert A Holt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Evgin
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kurihara S, Ishikawa A, Kaneko S. Genome editing iPSC to purposing enhancement of induce CD8 killer T cell function for regenerative immunotherapy. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:20. [PMID: 38637837 PMCID: PMC11025212 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has become a standard cancer therapy, joining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This therapeutic approach involves the use of patient-derived antigen-specific T cells or genetically modified T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) that specifically target cancer antigens. However, T cells require ex vivo stimulation for proliferation when used in therapy, and the resulting "exhaustion," which is characterized by a diminished proliferation capacity and anti-tumor activity, poses a significant challenge. As a solution, we reported "rejuvenated" CD8 + T cells that possess high proliferation capacity from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2013. This review discusses the status and future developments in immunotherapy using iPSC-derived T cells, drawing insights from our research to overcome the exhaustion associated with antigen-specific T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Kurihara
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishikawa
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Ho BX, Teo AKK, Ng NHJ. Innovations in bio-engineering and cell-based approaches to address immunological challenges in islet transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375177. [PMID: 38650946 PMCID: PMC11033429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation is a life-changing treatment for patients with severe Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) who suffer from hypoglycemia unawareness and high risk of severe hypoglycemia. However, intensive immunosuppression is required to prevent immune rejection of the graft, that may in turn lead to undesirable side effects such as toxicity to the islet cells, kidney toxicity, occurrence of opportunistic infections, and malignancies. The shortage of cadaveric human islet donors further limits islet transplantation as a treatment option for widespread adoption. Alternatively, porcine islets have been considered as another source of insulin-secreting cells for transplantation in T1D patients, though xeno-transplants raise concerns over the risk of endogenous retrovirus transmission and immunological incompatibility. As a result, technological advancements have been made to protect transplanted islets from immune rejection and inflammation, ideally in the absence of chronic immunosuppression, to improve the outcomes and accessibility of allogeneic islet cell replacement therapies. These include the use of microencapsulation or macroencapsulation devices designed to provide an immunoprotective environment using a cell-impermeable layer, preventing immune cell attack of the transplanted cells. Other up and coming advancements are based on the use of stem cells as the starting source material for generating islet cells 'on-demand'. These starting stem cell sources include human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that have been genetically engineered to avoid the host immune response, curated HLA-selected donor hiPSCs that can be matched with recipients within a given population, and multipotent stem cells with natural immune privilege properties. These strategies are developed to provide an immune-evasive cell resource for allogeneic cell therapy. This review will summarize the immunological challenges facing islet transplantation and highlight recent bio-engineering and cell-based approaches aimed at avoiding immune rejection, to improve the accessibility of islet cell therapy and enhance treatment outcomes. Better understanding of the different approaches and their limitations can guide future research endeavors towards developing more comprehensive and targeted strategies for creating a more tolerogenic microenvironment, and improve the effectiveness and sustainability of islet transplantation to benefit more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- BetaLife Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Feng L, Wang Y, Fu Y, Li T, He G. Stem Cell-Based Strategies: The Future Direction of Bioartificial Liver Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:601-616. [PMID: 38170319 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) results from severe liver damage or end-stage liver disease. It is extremely fatal and causes serious health and economic burdens worldwide. Once ALF occurs, liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive and recommended treatment; however, LT is limited by the scarcity of liver grafts. Consequently, the clinical use of bioartificial liver (BAL) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for ALF. Human primary hepatocytes are an ideal cell source for these methods. However, their high demand and superior viability prevent their widespread use. Hence, finding alternatives that meet the seed cell quality and quantity requirements is imperative. Stem cells with self-renewing, immunogenic, and differentiative capacities are potential cell sources. MSCs and its secretomes encompass a spectrum of beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-ROS (reactive oxygen species), anti-apoptotic, pro-metabolomic, anti-fibrogenesis, and pro-regenerative attributes. This review focused on the recent status and future directions of stem cell-based strategies in BAL for ALF. Additionally, we discussed the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting such strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Harding J, Vintersten-Nagy K, Yang H, Tang JK, Shutova M, Jong ED, Lee JH, Massumi M, Oussenko T, Izadifar Z, Zhang P, Rogers IM, Wheeler MB, Lye SJ, Sung HK, Li C, Izadifar M, Nagy A. Immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells survive long term in allogeneic hosts. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:427-442. [PMID: 37996616 PMCID: PMC11087263 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of transplanted allogeneic cells and tissues is a major hurdle to the advancement of cell therapies. Here we show that the overexpression of eight immunomodulatory transgenes (Pdl1, Cd200, Cd47, H2-M3, Fasl, Serpinb9, Ccl21 and Mfge8) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is sufficient to immunologically 'cloak' the cells as well as tissues derived from them, allowing their survival for months in outbred and allogeneic inbred recipients. Overexpression of the human orthologues of these genes in human ESCs abolished the activation of allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their inflammatory responses. Moreover, by using the previously reported FailSafe transgene system, which transcriptionally links a gene essential for cell division with an inducible and cell-proliferation-dependent kill switch, we generated cloaked tissues from mESCs that served as immune-privileged subcutaneous sites that protected uncloaked allogeneic and xenogeneic cells from rejection in immune-competent hosts. The combination of cloaking and FailSafe technologies may allow for the generation of safe and allogeneically accepted cell lines and off-the-shelf cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Harding
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina Vintersten-Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Kit Tang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Shutova
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric D Jong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Massumi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatiana Oussenko
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Puzheng Zhang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian M Rogers
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - ChengJin Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Izadifar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Achón Buil B, Rentsch NH, Weber RZ, Rickenbach C, Halliday SJ, Hotta A, Tackenberg C, Rust R. Beneath the radar: immune-evasive cell sources for stroke therapy. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:223-238. [PMID: 38272713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an emerging treatment paradigm for stroke patients with remaining neurological deficits. While allogeneic cell transplants overcome the manufacturing constraints of autologous grafts, they can be rejected by the recipient's immune system, which identifies foreign cells through the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The heterogeneity of HLA molecules in the human population would require a very high number of cell lines, which may still be inadequate for patients with rare genetic HLAs. Here, we outline key progress in genetic HLA engineering in pluripotent stem and derived cells to evade the host's immune system, reducing the number of allogeneic cell lines required, and examine safety measures explored in both preclinical studies and upcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Achón Buil
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora H Rentsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Z Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Rickenbach
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie J Halliday
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Parmar M, Perrier AL. Introduction to stem cell biology and its role in treating neurologic disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 205:3-14. [PMID: 39341661 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90120-8.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an emerging and rapidly evolving field of research and therapeutics aimed to restore, maintain, and improve body functions. In the adult mammalian brain, very few neurons, if any, are generated after disease onset or an injury, and its ability to self-repair is therefore limited. Replacing neurons that are lost during neurodegenerative diseases or due to injury therefore represents one of the major challenges to modern medicine. In this introductory chapter, we describe the basic biology of stem cells and outline how stem cells and cell reprogramming can be utilized to create new neurons for therapeutic purposes that are discussed in detail in other chapters in this handbook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anselme L Perrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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15
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Alowaysi M, Lehmann R, Al-Shehri M, Baadhaim M, Alzahrani H, Aboalola D, Zia A, Malibari D, Daghestani M, Alghamdi K, Haneef A, Jawdat D, Hakami F, Gomez-Cabrero D, Tegner J, Alsayegh K. HLA-based banking of induced pluripotent stem cells in Saudi Arabia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:374. [PMID: 38111036 PMCID: PMC10729375 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human iPSCs' derivation and use in clinical studies are transforming medicine. Yet, there is a high cost and long waiting time associated with autologous iPS-based cellular therapy, and the genetic engineering of hypo-immunogenic iPS cell lines is hampered with numerous hurdles. Therefore, it is increasingly interesting to create cell stocks based on HLA haplotype distribution in a given population. This study aimed to assess the potential of HLA-based iPS banking for the Saudi population. METHODS In this study, we interrogated the HLA database of the Saudi Stem Cell Donor Registry (SSCDR), containing high-resolution HLA genotype data from 64,315 registered Saudi donors at the time of analysis. This database was considered to be a representative sample of the Saudi population. The most frequent HLA haplotypes in the Saudi population were determined, and an in-house developed iterative algorithm was used to identify their HLA matching percentages in the SSCDR database and cumulative coverage. Subsequently, to develop a clinically relevant protocol for iPSCs generation, and to illustrate the applicability of the concept of HLA-based banking for cell therapy purposes, the first HLA-based iPS cell line in Saudi Arabia was generated. Clinically relevant methods were employed to generate the two iPS clones from a homozygous donor for the most prevalent HLA haplotype in the Saudi population. The generated lines were then assessed for pluripotency markers, and their ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, beating cardiomyocytes, and neural progenitors was examined. Additionally, the genetic stability of the HLA-iPS cell lines was verified by comparing the mutational burden in the clones and the original blood sample, using whole-genome sequencing. The standards set by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) were used to determine the clinical significance of identified variants. RESULTS The analysis revealed that the establishment of only 13 iPSC lines would match 30% of the Saudi population, 39 lines would attain 50% coverage, and 596 lines would be necessary for over 90% coverage. The proof-of-concept HLA-iPSCs, which cover 6.1% of the Saudi population, successfully demonstrated pluripotency and the ability to differentiate into various cell types including beating cardiomyocytes and neuronal progenitors. The comprehensive genetic analysis corroborated that all identified variants in the derived iPSCs were inherently present in the original donor sample and were classified as benign according to the standards set by the ACMG. CONCLUSIONS Our study sets a road map for introducing iPS-based cell therapy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It underscores the pragmatic approach of HLA-based iPSC banking which circumvents the limitations of autologous iPS-based cellular therapies. The successful generation and validation of iPSC lines based on the most prevalent HLA haplotype in the Saudi population signify a promising step toward broadening the accessibility and applicability of stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alowaysi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Lehmann
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Shehri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moayad Baadhaim
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Alzahrani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Aboalola
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asima Zia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Malibari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Daghestani
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alghamdi
- Forensic Laboratories, Criminal Evidence Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Haneef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia Jawdat
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Hakami
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesper Tegner
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alsayegh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard for Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Karpov DS, Sosnovtseva AO, Pylina SV, Bastrich AN, Petrova DA, Kovalev MA, Shuvalova AI, Eremkina AK, Mokrysheva NG. Challenges of CRISPR/Cas-Based Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: How Not to Engineer a "Trojan Horse". Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17320. [PMID: 38139149 PMCID: PMC10743607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas by cytotoxic T-cells. To date, there are no drugs that can prevent the development of T1D. Insulin replacement therapy is the standard care for patients with T1D. This treatment is life-saving, but is expensive, can lead to acute and long-term complications, and results in reduced overall life expectancy. This has stimulated the research and development of alternative treatments for T1D. In this review, we consider potential therapies for T1D using cellular regenerative medicine approaches with a focus on CRISPR/Cas-engineered cellular products. However, CRISPR/Cas as a genome editing tool has several drawbacks that should be considered for safe and efficient cell engineering. In addition, cellular engineering approaches themselves pose a hidden threat. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss novel strategies for the treatment of T1D using genome editing technology. A well-designed approach to β-cell derivation using CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology will significantly reduce the risk of incorrectly engineered cell products that could behave as a "Trojan horse".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Anastasiia O. Sosnovtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Svetlana V. Pylina
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.P.); (A.N.B.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.E.)
| | - Asya N. Bastrich
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.P.); (A.N.B.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.E.)
| | - Darya A. Petrova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.P.); (A.N.B.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.E.)
| | - Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Anastasija I. Shuvalova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (A.O.S.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Anna K. Eremkina
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.P.); (A.N.B.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.E.)
| | - Natalia G. Mokrysheva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.P.); (A.N.B.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.E.)
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17
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Chang SH, Park CG. Comparing the Benefits and Drawbacks of Stem Cell Therapy Based on the Cell Origin or Manipulation Process: Addressing Immunogenicity. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e44. [PMID: 38188600 PMCID: PMC10767552 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating autoimmune diseases and managing various conditions, such as engraftment of allogeneic islets. Additionally, autologous and HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs can aid in the engraftment of human allogeneic kidneys with or without low doses of tacrolimus, respectively. However, HLA alloantigens are problematic because cell therapy uses more HLA-mismatched allogeneic cells than autologous for convenience and standardization. In particular, HLA-mismatched MSCs showed increased Ag-specific T/B cells and reduced viability faster than HLA-matched MSCs. In CRISPR/Cas9-based cell therapy, Cas9 induce T cell activation in the recipient's immune system. Interestingly, despite their immunogenicity being limited to the cells with foreign Ags, the accumulation of HLA alloantigen-sensitized T/B cells may lead to allograft rejection, suggesting that alloantigens may have a greater scope of adverse effects than foreign Ags. To avoid alloantigen recognition, the β2-microglobulin knockout (B2MKO) system, eliminating class-I MHC, was able to avoid rejection by alloreactive CD8 T cells compared to controls. Moreover, universal donor cells in which both B2M and Class II MHC transactivator (CIITA) were knocked out was more effective in avoiding immune rejection than single KO. However, B2MKO and CIITA KO system remain to be controlled and validated for adverse effects such as the development of tumorigenicity due to deficient Ag recognition by CD8 T and CD4 T cells, respectively. Overall, better HLA-matching or depletion of HLA alloantigens prior to cell therapy can reduce repetitive transplantation through the long-term survival of allogeneic cell therapy, which may be especially important for patients seeking allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Chang
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chung Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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18
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Mehra V, Chhetri JB, Ali S, Roddie C. The Emerging Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapeutics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1419. [PMID: 37998018 PMCID: PMC10669440 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has transformed the treatment landscape for cancer and infectious disease through the investigational use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and viral-specific T-cells (VSTs). Whilst these represent breakthrough treatments, there are subsets of patients who fail to respond to autologous ACT products. This is frequently due to impaired patient T-cell function or "fitness" as a consequence of prior treatments and age, and can be exacerbated by complex manufacturing protocols. Further, the manufacture of autologous, patient-specific products is time-consuming, expensive and non-standardised. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an allogeneic alternative to patient-specific products can potentially overcome the issues outlined above. iPSC technology provides an unlimited source of rejuvenated iPSC-derived T-cells (T-iPSCs) or natural killer (NK) cells (NK-iPSCs), and in the context of the growing field of allogeneic ACT, iPSCs have enormous potential as a platform for generating off-the-shelf, standardised, "fit" therapeutics for patients. In this review, we evaluate current and future applications of iPSC technology in the CAR-T/NK, TIL and VST space. We discuss current and next-generation iPSC manufacturing protocols, and report on current iPSC-based adoptive therapy clinical trials to elucidate the potential of this technology as the future of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire Roddie
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, London WCIE 6DD, UK
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19
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Martins de Oliveira ML, Tura BR, Meira Leite M, Melo Dos Santos EJ, Pôrto LC, Pereira LV, Campos de Carvalho AC. Creating an HLA-homozygous iPS cell bank for the Brazilian population: Challenges and opportunities. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1905-1912. [PMID: 37774702 PMCID: PMC10656352 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype-homozygous donors for the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines permits the construction of biobanks immunologically compatible with significant numbers of individuals for use in therapy. However, two questions must be addressed to create such a bank: how many cell lines are necessary to match most of the recipient population and how many people should be tested to find these donors? In Japan and the UK, 50 and 100 distinct HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 triple-homozygous haplotypes would cover 90% of those populations, respectively. Using data from the Brazilian National Registry of Bone Marrow Donors (REDOME), encompassing 4,017,239 individuals, we identified 1,906 distinct triple-homozygous HLA haplotypes. In Brazil, 559 triple-homozygous cell lines cover 95% of the population, and 3.8 million people would have to be screened. Finally, we show the contribution of the 30 most frequent triple-homozygous HLA haplotypes in Brazil to populations of different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Rangel Tura
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics of National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Meira Leite
- Genetics of Complex Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Cristóvão Pôrto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory - Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences of University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) - Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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20
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Lahimchi MR, Maroufi F, Maali A. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: The Intersection of Stem Cells and Immunotherapy. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:195-211. [PMID: 37782910 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising cell-based immunotherapy applicable to various cancers. High cost of production, immune rejection, heterogeneity of cell product, limited cell source, limited expandability, and relatively long production time have created the need to achieve a universal allogeneic CAR-T cell product for "off-the-shelf" application. Since the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Yamanaka et al., extensive efforts have been made to prepare an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine, that is, immunotherapy. In the autologous grafting approach, iPSCs prepare the desired cell source for generating autologous CAR-T cells through more accessible and available sources. In addition, generating iPSC-derived CAR-T cells is a promising approach to achieving a suitable source for producing an allogeneic CAR-T cell product. In brief, the first step is reprogramming somatic cells (accessible from peripheral blood, skin, etc.) to iPSCs. In the next step, CAR expression and T cell lineage differentiation should be applied in different arrangements. In addition, in an allogeneic manner, human leukocyte antigen/T cell receptor (TCR) deficiency should be applied in iPSC colonies. The allogeneic iPSC-derived CAR-T cell experiments showed that simultaneous performance of HLA/TCR deficiency, CAR expression, and T cell lineage differentiation could bring the production to the highest efficacy in generating allogeneic iPSC-derived CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faezeh Maroufi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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21
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Beaver D, Limnios IJ. A treatment within sight: challenges in the development of stem cell-derived photoreceptor therapies for retinal degenerative diseases. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1130086. [PMID: 38993872 PMCID: PMC11235385 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1130086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies can potentially treat various retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and inherited retinal diseases like retinitis pigmentosa. For these diseases, transplanted cells may include stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, photoreceptors, or a combination of both. Although stem cell-derived RPE cells have progressed to human clinical trials, therapies using photoreceptors and other retinal cell types are lagging. In this review, we discuss the potential use of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived photoreceptors for the treatment of retinal degeneration and highlight the progress and challenges for their efficient production and clinical application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Beaver
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QL, Australia
| | - Ioannis Jason Limnios
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QL, Australia
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22
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Murata T, Hama N, Kamatani T, Mori A, Otsuka R, Wada H, Seino KI. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induce mixed chimerism and donor-specific allograft tolerance. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1331-1344. [PMID: 37244443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In transplantation using allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies focused on major histocompatibility complexes were adopted to avoid immune rejection. We showed that minor antigen mismatches are a risk factor for graft rejection, indicating that immune regulation remains one of the most important issues. In organ transplantation, it has been known that mixed chimerism using donor-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can induce donor-specific tolerance. However, it is unclear whether iPSC-derived HSPCs (iHSPCs) can induce allograft tolerance. We showed that 2 hematopoietic transcription factors, Hoxb4 and Lhx2, can efficiently expand iHSPCs with a c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage- phenotype, which possesses long-term hematopoietic repopulating potential. We also demonstrated that these iHSPCs can form hematopoietic chimeras in allogeneic recipients and induce allograft tolerance in murine skin and iPSC transplantation. With mechanistic analyses, both central and peripheral mechanisms were suggested. We demonstrated the basic concept of tolerance induction using iHSPCs in allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Murata
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kamatani
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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23
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Ng XY, Peh GSL, Yam GHF, Tay HG, Mehta JS. Corneal Endothelial-like Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12433. [PMID: 37569804 PMCID: PMC10418878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness, and the current conventional treatment option is corneal transplantation using a cadaveric donor cornea. However, there is a global shortage of suitable donor graft material, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. A stem cell-based regenerative medicine approach using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a promising solution, as they possess self-renewal capabilities, can be derived from adult somatic cells, and can be differentiated into all cell types including corneal endothelial cells (CECs). This review discusses the progress and challenges in developing protocols to induce iPSCs into CECs, focusing on the different media formulations used to differentiate iPSCs to neural crest cells (NCCs) and subsequently to CECs, as well as the characterization methods and markers that define iPSC-derived CECs. The hurdles and solutions for the clinical application of iPSC-derived cell therapy are also addressed, including the establishment of protocols that adhere to good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. The potential risks of genetic mutations in iPSC-derived CECs associated with long-term in vitro culture and the danger of potential tumorigenicity following transplantation are evaluated. In all, this review provides insights into the advancement and obstacles of using iPSC in the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu Ng
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
| | - Gary S. L. Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 6614, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hwee Goon Tay
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Centre for Vision Research, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Centre for Vision Research, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
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24
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Wang J, Metheny L. Umbilical cord blood derived cellular therapy: advances in clinical development. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167266. [PMID: 37274288 PMCID: PMC10232824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While cord blood (CB) is primarily utilized in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the development of novel cell therapy products from CB is a growing and developing field. Compared to adult blood, CB is characterized by a higher percentage of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells, less mature immune cells that retain a high capacity of proliferation, and stronger immune tolerance that requires less stringent HLA-matching when used in the allogenic setting. Given that CB is an FDA regulated product and along with its unique cellular composition, CB lends itself as a readily available and safe starting material for the development of off-the-shelf cell therapies. Moreover, non-hematologic cells such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) residing in CB or CB tissue also have potential in regenerative medicine and inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we will focus on recent clinical development on CB-derived cellular therapies in the field of oncology, including T-cell therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, regulatory T-cells, and virus-specific T-cells; NK-cell therapies, such as NK cell engagers and CAR NK-cells; CB-HCT and various modifications; as well as applications of MSCs in HCT.
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25
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Ichimura H, Chino S, Shiba Y. Cardiac Regeneration Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Controlling Immune Responses. Heart Lung Circ 2023:S1443-9506(23)00108-7. [PMID: 37029069 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a promising source of cells in myocardial regeneration therapy for end-stage heart failure. Because most previous reports have focussed on xenotransplantation models using immunocompromised animals, studies on immune rejection in allogeneic transplantation models are needed for preclinical and clinical applications. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays an important role in allogeneic transplantation, and cell bank projects are currently underway worldwide to stock induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from healthy individuals with homozygous HLA haplotypes. However, it is difficult to stock iPSCs that match the entire population in these cell banks; thus, several groups have produced hypoimmunogenic PSCs by knocking out HLA. These HLA-knockout PSCs were able to avoid rejection by T cells but still suffered rejection by natural killer (NK) cells caused by 'missing self-recognition'. Recent studies have attempted to generate hypoimmunogenic PSCs with gene editing to inhibit NK cell activation. Regenerative medicine using autologous iPSCs can be an ideal transplantation therapy, but, currently, there are major hurdles to its practical application. Hopefully, further research will resolve these issues. This review provides an overview of the current understanding and progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ichimura
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Chino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
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26
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Wang C, Liu J, Li W. 'Off the shelf' immunotherapies: Generation and application of pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13425. [PMID: 36855955 PMCID: PMC10068955 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great strides have been made toward the development of immune cell-based therapies in the treatment of refractory malignancies. Primary T cells and NK cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors have achieved tremendous clinical success especially in patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. However, the autologous origin of these effector cells means that a single batch of laboriously engineered cells treats only a certain patient, leading to high cost, ununiform product quality, and risk of delay in treatment, and therefore results in restricted accessibility of these therapies to the overwhelming majority of the patients. Addressing these tricky obstacles calls for the development of universal immune cell products that can be provided 'off the shelf' in a large amount. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), owing to their unique capacity of self-renewal and the potential of multi-lineage differentiation, offer an unlimited cell source to generate uniform and scalable engineered immune cells. This review discusses the major advances in the development of PSC-derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumours. We also consider the potency of PSC-derived immune cells as an alternative therapeutic strategy for other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, infections, et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Cichocki F, van der Stegen SJC, Miller JS. Engineered and banked iPSCs for advanced NK- and T-cell immunotherapies. Blood 2023; 141:846-855. [PMID: 36327161 PMCID: PMC10023718 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of methods to derive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has propelled stem cell research, and has the potential to revolutionize many areas of medicine, including cancer immunotherapy. These cells can be propagated limitlessly and can differentiate into nearly any specialized cell type. The ability to perform precise multigene engineering at the iPSC stage, generate master cell lines after clonal selection, and faithfully promote differentiation along natural killer (NK) cells and T-cell lineages is now leading to new opportunities for the administration of off-the-shelf cytotoxic lymphocytes with direct antigen targeting to treat patients with relapsed/refractory cancer. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in iPSC editing and guided differentiation in the development of NK- and T-cell products for immunotherapy. We also discuss some of the potential barriers that remain in unleashing the full potential of iPSC-derived cytotoxic effector cells in the adoptive transfer setting, and how some of these limitations may be overcome through gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cichocki
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sjoukje J. C. van der Stegen
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
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28
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Yu F, Liu F, Liang X, Duan L, Li Q, Pan G, Ma C, Liu M, Li M, Wang P, Zhao X. iPSC-Derived Airway Epithelial Cells: Progress, Promise, and Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1-10. [PMID: 36190736 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from somatic cell sources are pluripotent and capable of indefinite expansion in vitro. They provide an unlimited source of cells that can be differentiated into lung progenitor cells for potential clinical use in pulmonary regenerative medicine. This review gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress toward the use of iPSCs to generate proximal and distal airway epithelial cells and mix lung organoids. Furthermore, their potential applications and future challenges for the field are discussed, with a focus on the technological hurdles that must be cleared before stem cell therapeutics can be used for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Duan
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyao Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangxi Yinfeng Stem Cell Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Yufeng, Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuening Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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29
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Dashnau JL, Xue Q, Nelson M, Law E, Cao L, Hei D. A risk-based approach for cell line development, manufacturing and characterization of genetically engineered, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived allogeneic cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1-13. [PMID: 36109321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cellular reprogramming and gene-editing approaches have opened up the potential for a new class of ex vivo cell therapies based on genetically engineered, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived allogeneic cells. While these new therapies share some similarities with their primary cell-derived autologous and allogeneic cell therapy predecessors, key differences exist in the processes used for generating genetically engineered, iPSC-derived allogeneic therapies. Specifically, in iPSC-derived allogeneic therapies, donor selection and gene-editing are performed once over the lifetime of the product as opposed to as part of the manufacturing of each product batch. The introduction of a well-characterized, fully modified, clonally derived master cell bank reduces risks that have been inherent to primary-cell derived autologous and allogeneic therapies. Current regulatory guidance, which was largely developed based on the learnings gained from earlier generation therapies, leaves open questions around considerations for donor eligibility, starting materials and critical components, cell banking and genetic stability. Here, a risk-based approach is proposed to address these considerations, while regulatory guidance continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiong Xue
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monica Nelson
- Century Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Law
- Century Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Cao
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derek Hei
- Clade Therapeutics, One Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Cha Y, Park TY, Leblanc P, Kim KS. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2023; 16:22-41. [PMID: 36628428 PMCID: PMC9978267 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, affecting 1%-2% of the population over the age of 65. As the population ages, it is anticipated that the burden on society will significantly escalate. Although symptom reduction by currently available pharmacological and/or surgical treatments improves the quality of life of many PD patients, there are no treatments that can slow down, halt, or reverse disease progression. Because the loss of a specific cell type, midbrain dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, is the main cause of motor dysfunction in PD, it is considered a promising target for cell replacement therapy. Indeed, numerous preclinical and clinical studies using fetal cell transplantation have provided proof of concept that cell replacement therapy may be a viable therapeutic approach for PD. However, the use of human fetal cells remains fraught with controversy due to fundamental ethical, practical, and clinical limitations. Groundbreaking work on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, coupled with extensive basic research in the stem cell field offers promising potential for hPSC-based cell replacement to become a realistic treatment regimen for PD once several major issues can be successfully addressed. In this review, we will discuss the prospects and challenges of hPSC-based cell therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tae-Yoon Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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31
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Cequier A, Vázquez FJ, Romero A, Vitoria A, Bernad E, García-Martínez M, Gascón I, Barrachina L, Rodellar C. The immunomodulation-immunogenicity balance of equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is differentially affected by the immune cell response depending on inflammatory licensing and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) compatibility. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:957153. [PMID: 36337202 PMCID: PMC9632425 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.957153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important for their therapeutic potential and for their facilitating role in their escape from immune recognition, which may also be influenced by donor-recipient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matching/mismatching and MHC expression level. Factors such as inflammation can modify the balance between regulatory and immunogenic profiles of equine MSCs, but little is known about how the exposure to the immune system can affect these properties in equine MSCs. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression and secretion of molecules related to the immunomodulation and immunogenicity of equine MSCs, either non-manipulated (MSC-naive) or stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (MSC-primed), before and after their exposure to autologous or allogeneic MHC-matched/-mismatched lymphocytes, either activated or resting. Cytokine priming induced the immunomodulatory profile of MSCs at the baseline (MSCs cultured alone), and the exposure to activated lymphocytes further increased the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6), cyclooxygenase 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and IL6 secretion. Activated lymphocytes were also able to upregulate the regulatory profile of MSC-naive to levels comparable to cytokine priming. On the contrary, resting lymphocytes did not upregulate the immunomodulatory profile of equine MSCs, but interestingly, MSC-primed exposed to MHC-mismatched lymphocytes showed the highest expression and secretion of these mediators, which may be potentially linked to the activation of lymphocytes upon recognition of foreign MHC molecules. Cytokine priming alone did not upregulate the immunogenic genes, but MSC-primed exposed to activated or resting lymphocytes increased their MHC-I and MHC-II expression, regardless of the MHC-compatibility. The upregulation of immunogenic markers including CD40 in the MHC-mismatched co-culture might have activated lymphocytes, which, at the same time, could have promoted the immune regulatory profile aforementioned. In conclusion, activated lymphocytes are able to induce the equine MSC regulatory profile, and their effects seem to be additive to the priming action. Importantly, our results suggest that the lymphocyte response against MHC-mismatched MSC-primed would promote further activation of their immunomodulatory ability, which eventually might help them evade this reaction. Further studies are needed to clarify how these findings might have clinical implications in vivo, which will help developing safer and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cequier
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco José Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arantza Vitoria
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elvira Bernad
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mirta García-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Gascón
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Barrachina
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clementina Rodellar
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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32
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Chimienti R, Baccega T, Torchio S, Manenti F, Pellegrini S, Cospito A, Amabile A, Lombardo MT, Monti P, Sordi V, Lombardo A, Malnati M, Piemonti L. Engineering of immune checkpoints B7-H3 and CD155 enhances immune compatibility of MHC-I -/- iPSCs for β cell replacement. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111423. [PMID: 36170817 PMCID: PMC9532846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a source from which β cells can be derived for diabetes replacement therapy. However, their application may be hindered by immune-mediated responses. Although abrogation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) can address this issue, it may trigger natural killer (NK) cells through missing-self recognition mechanisms. By profiling the relevant NK-activating ligands on iPSCs during in vitro differentiation into pancreatic β cells, we find that they express high levels of B7-H3 and CD155. Hypothesizing that such surface ligands could be involved in the amplification of NK-activating signals following missing-self, we generate MHC-I-deprived B7-H3−/−, CD155−/−, and B7-H3−/−/CD155−/− iPSCs. All engineered lines correctly differentiate into insulin-secreting β cells and are protected from cell lysis mediated by CD16dim and CD16+ NK subpopulations both in vitro and in vivo in NSG mice. Our data support targeted disruption of NK-activating ligands to enhance the transplant compatibility of MHC-I−/− iPSC pancreatic derivatives. MHC-I−/− cells are killed by NK cells via missing-self recognition mechanisms Stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (PPs) express B7-H3 and CD155 NK ligands B7-H3/CD155 knockout (KO) prevents killing of the MHC-I−/− cells by NKs in vitro B7-H3/CD155 KO increases immune compatibility of MHC-I−/− PPs in a mouse model
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniero Chimienti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Unit of Viral Transmission and Evolution, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease (DITID), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tania Baccega
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Torchio
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cospito
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Amabile
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marta Tiffany Lombardo
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Monti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Malnati
- Unit of Viral Transmission and Evolution, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease (DITID), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Abberton KM, McDonald TL, Diviney M, Holdsworth R, Leslie S, Delatycki MB, Liu L, Klamer G, Johnson P, Elwood NJ. Identification and Re-consent of Existing Cord Blood Donors for Creation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines for Potential Clinical Applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1052-1060. [PMID: 36073721 PMCID: PMC9585951 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to create a bank of clinical grade cord blood-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines in order to facilitate clinical research leading to the development of new cellular therapies. Here we present a clear pathway toward the creation of such a resource, within a strong quality framework, and with the appropriate regulatory, government and ethics approvals, along with a dynamic follow-up and re-consent process of cord blood donors from the public BMDI Cord Blood Bank. Interrogation of the cord blood bank inventory and next generation sequencing was used to identify and confirm 18 donors with suitable HLA homozygous haplotypes. Regulatory challenges that may affect global acceptance of the cell lines, along with the quality standards required to operate as part of a global network, are being met by working in collaboration with bodies such as the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI) and the Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT). Ethics approval was granted by an Institutional Human Research Ethics Committee, and government approval has been obtained to use banked cord blood for this purpose. New issues of whole-genome sequencing and the relevant donor safeguards and protections were considered with input from clinical genetics services, including the rights and information flow to donors, and commercialization aspects. The success of these processes has confirmed feasibility and utility of using banked cord blood to produce clinical-grade iPSC lines for potential cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren M Abberton
- BMDI Cord Blood Bank, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tricia L McDonald
- BMDI Cord Blood Bank, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Diviney
- VTIS at Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Leslie
- Schools of Mathematics and Statistics, and BioSciences, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin B Delatycki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lin Liu
- BMDI Cord Blood Bank, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy Klamer
- Sydney Cord Blood Bank, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phillip Johnson
- Queensland Cord Blood Bank At The Mater, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ngaire J Elwood
- BMDI Cord Blood Bank, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Kitano Y, Nishimura S, Kato TM, Ueda A, Takigawa K, Umekage M, Nomura M, Kawakami A, Ogawa H, Xu H, Hotta A, Takasu N, Tsukahara M. Generation of hypoimmunogenic induced pluripotent stem cells by CRISPR-Cas9 system and detailed evaluation for clinical application. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:15-25. [PMID: 35755947 PMCID: PMC9198376 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In order to expand the promise of regenerative medicine using allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), precise and efficient genome editing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes would be advantageous to minimize the immune rejection caused by mismatches of HLA type. However, clinical-grade genome editing of multiple HLA genes in human iPSC lines remains unexplored. Here, we optimized the protocol for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to deplete the three gene locus (HLA-A, HLA-B, and CIITA genes) simultaneously in HLA homozygous iPSCs. The use of HLA homozygous iPSCs has one main advantage over heterozygous iPSCs for inducing biallelic knockout by a single gRNA. RNA-seq and flow cytometry analyses confirmed the successful depletion of HLAs, and lineage-specific differentiation into cardiomyocytes was verified. We also confirmed that the pluripotency of genome-edited iPSCs was successfully maintained by the three germ layers of differentiation. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing, karyotyping, and optical genome mapping analyses revealed no evident genomic abnormalities detected in some clones, whereas unexpected copy number losses, chromosomal translocations, and complex genomic rearrangements were observed in other clones. Our results indicate the importance of multidimensional analyses to ensure the safety and quality of the genome-edited cells. The manufacturing and assessment pipelines presented here will be the basis for clinical-grade genome editing of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitano
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishimura
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Tomoaki M Kato
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Anna Ueda
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Kaho Takigawa
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masafumi Umekage
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Ayane Kawakami
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Haruna Ogawa
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Huaigeng Xu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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Álvarez-Palomo B, Veiga A, Raya A, Codinach M, Torrents S, Ponce Verdugo L, Rodriguez-Aierbe C, Cuellar L, Alenda R, Arbona C, Hernández-Maraver D, Fusté C, Querol S. Public Cord Blood Banks as a source of starting material for clinical grade HLA-homozygous induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:408. [PMID: 35962457 PMCID: PMC9372949 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of clinical trials for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell therapy products makes the production on clinical grade iPSC more and more relevant and necessary. Cord blood banks are an ideal source of young, HLA-typed and virus screened starting material to produce HLA-homozygous iPSC lines for wide immune-compatibility allogenic cell therapy approaches. The production of such clinical grade iPSC lines (haplolines) involves particular attention to all steps since donor informed consent, cell procurement and a GMP-compliant cell isolation process. METHODS Homozygous cord blood units were identified and quality verified before recontacting donors for informed consent. CD34+ cells were purified from the mononuclear fraction isolated in a cell processor, by magnetic microbeads labelling and separation columns. RESULTS We obtained a median recovery of 20.0% of the collected pre-freezing CD34+, with a final product median viability of 99.1% and median purity of 83.5% of the post-thawed purified CD34+ population. CONCLUSIONS Here we describe our own experience, from unit selection and donor reconsenting, in generating a CD34+ cell product as a starting material to produce HLA-homozygous iPSC following a cost-effective and clinical grade-compliant procedure. These CD34+ cells are the basis for the Spanish bank of haplolines envisioned to serve as a source of cell products for clinical research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Álvarez-Palomo
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig de Taulat, 106-116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. .,Transfusional Medicine Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Veiga
- Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge. IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge. IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Codinach
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig de Taulat, 106-116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrents
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig de Taulat, 106-116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ponce Verdugo
- Centro de Transfusión, Tejidos y Células de Málaga, Avda. Doctor Gálvez Ginachero s/n, 29009, Malaga, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Aierbe
- Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Osakidetza, Barrio Labeaga 46A, 48960, Galdakao, Spain.,Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Cuellar
- Axencia Galega de Sangue, Órganos e Tecidos, Rúa Xoaquín Díaz de Rábago 2, 15705, Santiago, Spain
| | - Raquel Alenda
- Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad de Madrid, Avda. de la Democracia, s/n, 28032, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arbona
- Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Av. del Cid, 65-acc, 46014, Valencia, Spain.,Fundacion para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria de la Comuitat Valenciana, Avda. de Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Fusté
- REDMO/Fundació i Institut de Recerca Josep Carreras, C/Muntaner, 383 2n, 08021, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig de Taulat, 106-116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.,Transfusional Medicine Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Corneal Cells: Current Status and Application. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2817-2832. [PMID: 35913555 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency and dysfunction of corneal cells leads to the blindness observed in corneal diseases such as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and bullous keratopathy. Regenerative cell therapies and engineered corneal tissue are promising treatments for these diseases [1]. However, these treatments are not yet clinically feasible due to inadequate cell sources. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka has provided a multitude of opportunities in research because iPSCs can be generated from somatic cells, thus providing an autologous and unlimited source for corneal cells. Compared to other stem cell sources such as mesenchymal and embryonic, iPSCs have advantages in differentiation potential and ethical concerns, respectively. Efforts have been made to use iPSCs to model corneal disorders and diseases, drug testing [2], and regenerative medicine [1]. Autologous treatments based on iPSCs can be exorbitantly expensive and time-consuming, but development of stem cell banks with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- homozygous cell lines can provide cost- and time-efficient allogeneic alternatives. In this review, we discuss the early development of the cornea because protocols differentiating iPSCs toward corneal lineages rely heavily upon recapitulating this development. Differentiation of iPSCs toward corneal cell phenotypes have been analyzed with an emphasis on feeder-free, xeno-free, and well-defined protocols, which have clinical relevance. The application, challenges, and potential of iPSCs in corneal research are also discussed with a focus on hurdles that prevent clinical translation.
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37
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Gullapalli VK, Zarbin MA. New Prospects for Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:302-313. [PMID: 36041145 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplants rescue photoreceptors in selected animal models of retinal degenerative disease. Early clinical studies of RPE transplants as treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) included autologous and allogeneic transplants of RPE suspensions and RPE sheets for atrophic and neovascular complications of AMD. Subsequent studies explored autologous RPE-Bruch membrane-choroid transplants in patients with neovascular AMD with occasional marked visual benefit, which establishes a rationale for RPE transplants in late-stage AMD. More recent work has involved transplantation of autologous and allogeneic stem cell-derived RPE for patients with AMD and those with Stargardt disease. These early-stage clinical trials have employed RPE suspensions and RPE monolayers on biocompatible scaffolds. Safety has been well documented, but evidence of efficacy is variable. Current research involves development of better scaffolds, improved modulation of immune surveillance, and modification of the extracellular milieu to improve RPE survival and integration with host retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco A Zarbin
- Iinstitute of Ophthalmology and visual Science, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, US
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38
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Du W, Cui L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu R, Yang W, Zhang Y. Generation of universal natural killer cells from a cryopreserved cord blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cell library. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1771-1781. [PMID: 35747945 PMCID: PMC9527588 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in innate immunity and are regarded as a promising candidate for cellular immunotherapy. Natural killer cells may be generated from different sources, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); these stem cells produce an abundant amount of NK cells to meet the needs of a wide range of clinical applications. Autologous iPSCs are expensive and labor-intensive to prepare, while allogeneic iPSCs require human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched cells to avoid the risk of immune rejection. In the current study, we prepared HLA-matched iPSCs using HLA common haplotype homozygous (HLAh) donors from cryopreserved human cord blood (CB) sourced from the Tianjin Cord Blood Public Bank. This approach was designed to generate a CB-derived iPSC library from HLAh donors and use it to produce off-the-shelf NK cells. Starting with readily available cryopreserved CB mononuclear cells (cryoCBMCs), we produced cryoCBMC-derived iPSCs (cryoCB-iPSCs). These cryoCB-iPSCs were induced to generate embryoid bodies (EBs) using an improved 3D suspension culture method, and induced NK (iNK) cells were differentiated from EBs. iNK cells expressed specific surface markers of NK cells, exhibited cytotoxicity comparable with NK cells generated from CB (CB-NK) and peripheral blood (PB-NK), and expressed lower levels of KIRs and HLA-DR compared to CB-NK and PB-NK. Taken together, we have shown that an iPSC library can be established from HLAh cryoCBMCs, and cryoCB-iPSCs can be used to generate a large number of 'universal' NK cells for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy TechnologyChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy TechnologyChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy TechnologyChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina
| | - Hua Zhang
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy TechnologyChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina
| | - Rongzhi Liu
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy TechnologyChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina
| | - Wenling Yang
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LTDTianjinChina,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy TechnologyChina,National Stem Cell Product Industrialization BaseState Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering ProductsTianjinChina,Vcanbio Cell & Gene Engineering Co., LtdTianjinChina
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39
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Alibhai FJ, Li RK. Translating bone marrow rejuvenation from the bench to bedside. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4931-4932. [PMID: 35748785 PMCID: PMC9271299 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J. Alibhai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Lyadova I, Vasiliev A. Macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells: prospective applications and research gaps. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:96. [PMID: 35725499 PMCID: PMC9207879 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a valuable cell source able to give rise to different cell types of the body. Among the various pathways of iPSC differentiation, the differentiation into macrophages is a recently developed and rapidly growing technique. Macrophages play a key role in the control of host homeostasis. Their dysfunction underlies many diseases, including hereditary, infectious, oncological, metabolic and other disorders. Targeting macrophage activity and developing macrophage-based cell therapy represent promising tools for the treatment of many pathological conditions. Macrophages generated from human iPSCs (iMphs) provide great opportunities in these areas. The generation of iMphs is based on a step-wise differentiation of iPSCs into mesoderm, hematopoietic progenitors, myeloid monocyte-like cells and macrophages. The technique allows to obtain standardizable populations of human macrophages from any individual, scale up macrophage production and introduce genetic modifications, which gives significant advantages over the standard source of human macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages. The spectrum of iMph applications is rapidly growing. iMphs have been successfully used to model hereditary diseases and macrophage-pathogen interactions, as well as to test drugs. iMph use for cell therapy is another promising and rapidly developing area of research. The principles and the details of iMph generation have recently been reviewed. This review systemizes current and prospective iMph applications and discusses the problem of iMph safety and other issues that need to be explored before iMphs become clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei Vasiliev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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41
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Utility of iPSC-Derived Cells for Disease Modeling, Drug Development, and Cell Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111853. [PMID: 35681550 PMCID: PMC9180434 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human disease, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. As such, the use of iPSCs in drug development and validation has shown a sharp increase in the past 15 years. Furthermore, many labs have been successful in reproducing many disease phenotypes, often difficult or impossible to capture, in commonly used cell lines or animal models. However, there still remain limitations such as the variability between iPSC lines as well as their maturity. Here, we aim to discuss the strategies in generating iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons for use in disease modeling, drug development and their use in cell therapy.
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42
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Alekseenko Z, Dias JM, Adler AF, Kozhevnikova M, van Lunteren JA, Nolbrant S, Jeggari A, Vasylovska S, Yoshitake T, Kehr J, Carlén M, Alexeyenko A, Parmar M, Ericson J. Robust derivation of transplantable dopamine neurons from human pluripotent stem cells by timed retinoic acid delivery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3046. [PMID: 35650213 PMCID: PMC9160024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) have entered first-in-human clinical trials using a set of technically related methods to produce mesencephalic dopamine (mDA) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we outline an approach for high-yield derivation of mDA neurons that principally differs from alternative technologies by utilizing retinoic acid (RA) signaling, instead of WNT and FGF8 signaling, to specify mesencephalic fate. Unlike most morphogen signals, where precise concentration determines cell fate, it is the duration of RA exposure that is the key-parameter for mesencephalic specification. This concentration-insensitive patterning approach provides robustness and reduces the need for protocol-adjustments between hPSC-lines. RA-specified progenitors promptly differentiate into functional mDA neurons in vitro, and successfully engraft and relieve motor deficits after transplantation in a rat PD model. Our study provides a potential alternative route for cell therapy and disease modelling that due to its robustness could be particularly expedient when use of autologous- or immunologically matched cells is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Alekseenko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew F Adler
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mariya Kozhevnikova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Nolbrant
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashwini Jeggari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svitlana Vasylovska
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Yoshitake
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Bromma, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlén
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey Alexeyenko
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Ericson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Wang ZB, Wang ZT, Sun Y, Tan L, Yu JT. The future of stem cell therapies of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101655. [PMID: 35660003 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) places a heavy burden on the global economy. There is no effective disease-modifying treatment available at present. Since the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from human somatic cells, new approaches using iPSC-derived products provided novel insights into AD pathogenesis and drug candidates for the AD treatment. Multiple recent studies using animal models have increased the possibility of reducing pathology and improving cognitive function by cell replacement therapies. In this review, we summarized the advantages, limitations, and future directions of cell replacement therapy, discussed the safety and ethical concerns of this novel therapeutic approach and the possibility of translation to clinical practice.
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44
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Gatla H, Uth N, Levinson Y, Navaei A, Sargent A, Ramaswamy S, Friedrich Ben-Nun I. Enabling Allogeneic T Cell-Based Therapies: Scalable Stirred-Tank Bioreactor Mediated Manufacturing. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:850565. [PMID: 35707712 PMCID: PMC9189297 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.850565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic T cells are key immune therapeutic cells to fight cancer and other clinical indications. High T cell dose per patient and increasing patient numbers result in clinical demand for a large number of allogeneic T cells. This necessitates a manufacturing platform that can be scaled up while retaining cell quality. Here we present a closed and scalable platform for T cell manufacturing to meet clinical demand. Upstream manufacturing steps of T cell activation and expansion are done in-vessel, in a stirred-tank bioreactor. T cell selection, which is necessary for CAR-T-based therapy, is done in the bioreactor itself, thus maintaining optimal culture conditions through the selection step. Platform's attributes of automation and performing the steps of T cell activation, expansion, and selection in-vessel, greatly contribute to enhancing process control, cell quality, and to the reduction of manual labor and contamination risk. In addition, the viability of integrating a closed, automated, downstream process of cell concentration, is demonstrated. The presented T cell manufacturing platform has scale-up capabilities while preserving key factors of cell quality and process control.
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Abstract
The pancreatic β-cells are essential for regulating glucose homeostasis through the coordinated release of the insulin hormone. Dysfunction of the highly specialized β-cells results in diabetes mellitus, a growing global health epidemic. In this review, we describe the development and function of β-cells the emerging concept of heterogeneity within insulin-producing cells, and the potential of other cell types to assume β-cell functionality via transdifferentiation. We also discuss emerging routes to design cells with minimal β-cell properties and human stem cell differentiation efforts that carry the promise to restore normoglycemia in patients suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanya Kerper
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Rossbach B, Hariharan K, Mah N, Oh SJ, Volk HD, Reinke P, Kurtz A. Human iPSC-Derived Renal Cells Change Their Immunogenic Properties during Maturation: Implications for Regenerative Therapies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081328. [PMID: 35456007 PMCID: PMC9032821 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based therapy critically depends on understanding and controlling the immunological effects of the hiPSC-derived transplant. While hiPSC-derived cells used for cell therapy are often immature with post-grafting maturation, immunological properties may change, with adverse effects on graft tolerance and control. In the present study, the allogeneic and autologous cellular immunity of hiPSC-derived progenitor and terminally differentiated cells were investigated in vitro. In contrast to allogeneic primary cells, hiPSC-derived early renal progenitors and mature renal epithelial cells are both tolerated not only by autologous but also by allogeneic T cells. These immune-privileged properties result from active immunomodulation and low immune visibility, which decrease during the process of cell maturation. However, autologous and allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell responses are not suppressed by hiPSC-derived renal cells and effectively change NK cell activation status. These findings clearly show a dynamic stage-specific dependency of autologous and allogeneic T and NK cell responses, with consequences for effective cell therapies. The study suggests that hiPSC-derived early progenitors may provide advantageous immune-suppressive properties when applied in cell therapy. The data furthermore indicate a need to suppress NK cell activation in allogeneic as well as autologous settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Rossbach
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.H.); (S.-J.O.); (H.-D.V.); (P.R.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Fraunhofer-Forum Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Krithika Hariharan
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.H.); (S.-J.O.); (H.-D.V.); (P.R.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Processing, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Mah
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Fraunhofer-Forum Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Su-Jun Oh
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.H.); (S.-J.O.); (H.-D.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.H.); (S.-J.O.); (H.-D.V.); (P.R.)
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.H.); (S.-J.O.); (H.-D.V.); (P.R.)
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCat), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.H.); (S.-J.O.); (H.-D.V.); (P.R.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Fraunhofer-Forum Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (A.K.)
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Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influence the Proliferative Response of Lymphocytes: Effect of Inflammation, Differentiation and MHC-Compatibility. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080984. [PMID: 35454231 PMCID: PMC9031781 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stem cells are investigated for therapy because of their ability to regulate the immune response to an injury. Cell therapy is increasingly important in veterinary patients such as horses, which are also valuable as a model. Therefore, what is learned in these animals can benefit both them and people. However, the patient’s immune system could recognize and destroy mesenchymal stem cells, impairing effectiveness and potentially leading to adverse effects. In this study, we analysed how equine mesenchymal stem cells interact with immune cells in different scenarios. We tested the effect of inflammation and differentiation of these cells, and how they acted depending on donor–patient compatibility. As we expected, inflammation activated the regulatory ability of equine mesenchymal stem cells, but also increased the risk of immune recognition. We anticipated that, after differentiation, these cells would lose their regulatory ability and would be more easily targeted by the immune system. However, they maintained similar features after differentiating into cartilage cells. The balance between the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to stimulate and to regulate an immune response is of the utmost importance to develop safe and effective cell therapies for animals and people. Abstract Immunomodulation and immunogenicity are pivotal aspects for the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Since the horse is highly valuable as both a patient and translational model, further knowledge on equine MSC immune properties is required. This study analysed how inflammation, chondrogenic differentiation and compatibility for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influence the MSC immunomodulatory–immunogenicity balance. Equine MSCs in basal conditions, pro-inflammatory primed (MSC-primed) or chondrogenically differentiated (MSC-chondro) were co-cultured with either autologous or allogeneic MHC-matched/mismatched lymphocytes in immune-suppressive assays (immunomodulation) and in modified one-way mixed leukocyte reactions (immunogenicity). After co-culture, frequency and proliferation of T cell subsets and B cells were assessed by flow cytometry and interferon-ɣ (IFNɣ) secretion by ELISA. MSC-primed showed higher regulatory potential by decreasing proliferation of cytotoxic and helper T cells and B cells. However, MHC-mismatched MSC-primed can also activate lymphocytes (proliferative response and IFNɣ secretion), likely due to increased MHC-expression. MSC-chondro maintained their regulatory ability and did not increase their immunogenicity, but showed less capacity than MSC-primed to induce regulatory T cells and further stimulated B cells. Subsequent in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between MSCs and the recipient immune system, which is critical to develop safe and effective therapies.
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Huang CY, Nicholson MW, Wang JY, Ting CY, Tsai MH, Cheng YC, Liu CL, Chan DZH, Lee YC, Hsu CC, Hsu YH, Yang CF, Chang CMC, Ruan SC, Lin PJ, Lin JH, Chen LL, Hsieh ML, Cheng YY, Hsu WT, Lin YL, Chen CH, Hsu YH, Wu YT, Hacker TA, Wu JC, Kamp TJ, Hsieh PCH. Population-based high-throughput toxicity screen of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110643. [PMID: 35385754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we establish a population-based human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) drug screening platform for toxicity assessment. After recruiting 1,000 healthy donors and screening for high-frequency human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, we identify 13 HLA-homozygous "super donors" to represent the population. These "super donors" are also expected to represent at least 477,611,135 of the global population. By differentiating these representative hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and neurons we show their utility in a high-throughput toxicity screen. To validate hit compounds, we demonstrate dose-dependent toxicity of the hit compounds and assess functional modulation. We also show reproducible in vivo drug toxicity results using mouse models with select hit compounds. This study shows the feasibility of using a population-based hiPSC drug screening platform to assess cytotoxicity, which can be used as an innovative tool to study inter-population differences in drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions in drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Jyun Yuan Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien Yu Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming Heng Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Darien Z H Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chuan Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hung Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiou Fong Yang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Cindy M C Chang
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shu Chian Ruan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Po Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jen Hao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li Lun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Marvin L Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wan Tseng Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Tian P, Elefanty A, Stanley EG, Durnall JC, Thompson LH, Elwood NJ. Creation of GMP-Compliant iPSCs From Banked Umbilical Cord Blood. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:835321. [PMID: 35372371 PMCID: PMC8967326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.835321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many clinical trials are in progress using cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for immunotherapies and regenerative medicine. The success of these new therapies is underpinned by the quality of the cell population used to create the iPSC lines, along with the creation of iPSCs in a fully Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant environment such that they can be used safely and effectively in the clinical setting. Umbilical cord blood (CB) from public cord blood banks is an excellent source of starting material for creation of iPSCs. All CB units are manufactured under GMP-conditions, have been screened for infectious diseases, with known family and medical history of the donor. Furthermore, the HLA tissue typing is known, thereby allowing identification of CB units with homozygous HLA haplotypes. CB cells are naïve with less exposure to environmental insults and iPSC can be generated with high efficiency. We describe a protocol that can be adopted by those seeking to create clinical-grade iPSC from banked CB. This protocol uses a small volume of thawed CB buffy to first undergo ex-vivo expansion towards erythroid progenitor cells, which are then used for reprogramming using the CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit. Resultant iPSC lines are tested to confirm pluripotency, genomic integrity, and stability. Cells are maintained in a feeder-free, xeno-free environment, using fully defined, commercially available reagents. Adoption of this protocol, with heed given to tips provided, allows efficient and robust creation of clinical-grade iPSC cell lines from small volumes of cryopreserved CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tian
- Blood Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Elefanty
- Blood Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immune Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Durnall
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan H. Thompson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ngaire J. Elwood
- Blood Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- BMDI Cord Blood Bank, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ngaire J. Elwood,
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Tada T, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto N, Kuwata F, Hayashi Y, Okuyama H, Morino T, Kasai Y, Kojima H, Omori K. Transplantation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway epithelial cell sheet into the middle ear of rats. Regen Ther 2022; 19:77-87. [PMID: 35097166 PMCID: PMC8762358 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early postoperative regeneration of the middle ear mucosa is essential for the prevention of postoperative refractory otitis media and recurrent cholesteatoma. As a means for intractable otitis media management, we focused on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived airway epithelial cells (AECs), which have been used in upper airway mucosal regeneration and transplantation therapy. In this study, we transplanted hiPSC-derived AECs into the middle ear of immunodeficient rats. Methods Following the preparation of AEC sheets from hiPSCs, the bilateral middle ear mucosa of X-linked severe combined immunodeficient rats was scraped, and the AEC sheets were transplanted in the ears unilaterally. Results Human nuclear antigen (HNA)-positive ciliated cells were observed on the transplanted side of the middle ear cavity surface in three of six rats in the 1-week postoperative group and in three of eight rats in the 2-week postoperative group. No HNA-positive cells were found on the control side. The percentage of HNA-positive ciliated cells in the transplanted areas increased in the 2-week postoperative group compared with the 1-week group, suggesting survival of hiPSC-derived AECs. Additionally, HNA-positive ciliated cells were mainly located at sites where the original ciliated cells were localized. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the transplanted AECs contained cytokeratin 5- and mucin 5AC-positive cells, indicating that both basal cells and goblet cells had regenerated within the middle ear cavity. Conclusions The results of this study are an important first step in the establishment of a novel transplantation therapy for chronic otitis media. hiPSC-derived airway epithelial cells were transplanted into the middle ear of rats. Engrafted cells mainly survived in the ciliated region of the middle ear. Ciliated, goblet, and basal cells were confirmed in the engrafted cells.
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