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Taylor MA, Kandyba E, Halliwill K, Delrosario R, Khoroshkin M, Goodarzi H, Quigley D, Li YR, Wu D, Bollam SR, Mirzoeva OK, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. Stem-cell states converge in multistage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma development. Science 2024; 384:eadi7453. [PMID: 38815020 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells play a critical role in cancer development by contributing to cell heterogeneity, lineage plasticity, and drug resistance. We created gene expression networks from hundreds of mouse tissue samples (both normal and tumor) and integrated these with lineage tracing and single-cell RNA-seq, to identify convergence of cell states in premalignant tumor cells expressing markers of lineage plasticity and drug resistance. Two of these cell states representing multilineage plasticity or proliferation were inversely correlated, suggesting a mutually exclusive relationship. Treatment of carcinomas in vivo with chemotherapy repressed the proliferative state and activated multilineage plasticity whereas inhibition of differentiation repressed plasticity and potentiated responses to cell cycle inhibitors. Manipulation of this cell state transition point may provide a source of potential combinatorial targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Taylor
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Eve Kandyba
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyle Halliwill
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- AbbVie, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Reyno Delrosario
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matvei Khoroshkin
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - David Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Yun Rose Li
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, CA 85004, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Saumya R Bollam
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Olga K Mirzoeva
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rosemary J Akhurst
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
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2
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Zhao J, Xu Y. PITX1 plays essential functions in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1253238. [PMID: 37841446 PMCID: PMC10570508 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1253238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PITX1, also known as the pituitary homeobox 1 gene, has emerged as a key regulator in animal growth and development, attracting significant research attention. Recent investigations have revealed the implication of dysregulated PITX1 expression in tumorigenesis, highlighting its involvement in cancer development. Notably, PITX1 interacts with p53 and exerts control over crucial cellular processes including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance. Its influence extends to various tumors, such as esophageal, colorectal, gastric, and liver cancer, contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. Despite its significance, a comprehensive review examining PITX1's role in oncology remains lacking. This review aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of PITX1 in different cancer types, with a particular focus on its clinicopathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Yu X, Yuan H, Yang Y, Zheng W, Zheng X, Lu SH, Jiang W, Yu X. Mammalian esophageal stratified tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by the epithelial pluripotent p63 +Sox2 + and p63 -Sox2 + cell populations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:305. [PMID: 37752383 PMCID: PMC11072776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing, damage-repair and differentiation of mammalian stratified squamous epithelia are subject to tissue homeostasis, but the regulation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigate the esophageal squamous epithelial tissue homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. We establish a rat esophageal organoid (rEO) in vitro system and show that the landscapes of rEO formation, development and maturation trajectories can mimic those of rat esophageal epithelia in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), snapshot immunostaining and functional analyses of stratified "matured" rEOs define that the epithelial pluripotent stem cell determinants, p63 and Sox2, play crucial but distinctive roles for regulating mammalian esophageal tissue homeostasis. We identify two cell populations, p63+Sox2+ and p63-Sox2+, of which the p63+Sox2+ population presented at the basal layer is the cells of origin required for esophageal epithelial stemness maintenance and proliferation, whereas the p63-Sox2+ population presented at the suprabasal layers is the cells of origin having a dual role for esophageal epithelial differentiation (differentiation-prone fate) and rapid tissue damage-repair responses (proliferation-prone fate). Given the fact that p63 and Sox2 are developmental lineage oncogenes and commonly overexpressed in ESCC tissues, p63-Sox2+ population could not be detected in organoids formed by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. Taken together, these findings reveal that the tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by p63 and/or Sox2-dependent cell lineage populations required for the tissue renewing, damage-repair and protection of carcinogenesis in mammalian esophagi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuejing Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Lu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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4
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Taylor MA, Kandyba E, Halliwill K, Delrosario R, Koroshkin M, Goodarzi H, Quigley D, Li YR, Wu D, Bollam S, Mirzoeva O, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A. Gene networks reveal stem-cell state convergence during preneoplasia and progression to malignancy in multistage skin carcinogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539863. [PMID: 37215032 PMCID: PMC10197547 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammalian stem cells play critical roles in normal tissue homeostasis, as well as in tumor development, by contributing to cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and development of drug resistance. The relationship between different types of normal and cancer stem cells is highly controversial and poorly understood. Here, we carried out gene expression network analysis of normal and tumor samples from genetically heterogeneous mice to create network metagenes for visualization of stem-cell networks, rather than individual stem-cell markers, at the single-cell level during multistage carcinogenesis. We combined this approach with lineage tracing and single-cell RNASeq of stem cells and their progeny, identifying a previously unrecognized hierarchy in which Lgr6+ stem cells from tumors generate progeny that express a range of other stem-cell markers including Sox2, Pitx1, Foxa1, Klf5, and Cd44. Our data identify a convergence of multiple stem-cell and tumor-suppressor pathways in benign tumor cells expressing markers of lineage plasticity and oxidative stress. This same single-cell population expresses network metagenes corresponding to markers of cancer drug resistance in human tumors of the skin, lung and prostate. Treatment of mouse squamous carcinomas in vivo with the chemotherapeutic cis-platin resulted in elevated expression of the genes that mark this cell population. Our data have allowed us to create a simplified model of multistage carcinogenesis that identifies distinct stem-cell states at different stages of tumor progression, thereby identifying networks involved in lineage plasticity, drug resistance, and immune surveillance, providing a rich source of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Taylor
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Eve Kandyba
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Kyle Halliwill
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Reyno Delrosario
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Matvei Koroshkin
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - David Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Yun Rose Li
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Saumya Bollam
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Olga Mirzoeva
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Rosemary J. Akhurst
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
| | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, 94158, USA
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5
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Davalos V, Lovell CD, Von Itter R, Dolgalev I, Agrawal P, Baptiste G, Kahler DJ, Sokolova E, Moran S, Piqué L, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Fontanals-Cirera B, Karz A, Tsirigos A, Yun C, Darvishian F, Etchevers HC, Osman I, Esteller M, Schober M, Hernando E. An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1867. [PMID: 37015919 PMCID: PMC10073109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma develops once transformed melanocytic cells begin to de-differentiate into migratory and invasive melanoma cells with neural crest cell (NCC)-like and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. However, it is still unclear how transformed melanocytes assume a metastatic melanoma cell state. Here, we define DNA methylation changes that accompany metastatic progression in melanoma patients and discover Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F, Member 2 - isoform 2 (NR2F2-Iso2) as an epigenetically regulated metastasis driver. NR2F2-Iso2 is transcribed from an alternative transcriptional start site (TSS) and it is truncated at the N-terminal end which encodes the NR2F2 DNA-binding domain. We find that NR2F2-Iso2 expression is turned off by DNA methylation when NCCs differentiate into melanocytes. Conversely, this process is reversed during metastatic melanoma progression, when NR2F2-Iso2 becomes increasingly hypomethylated and re-expressed. Our functional and molecular studies suggest that NR2F2-Iso2 drives metastatic melanoma progression by modulating the activity of full-length NR2F2 (Isoform 1) over EMT- and NCC-associated target genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation changes play a crucial role during metastatic melanoma progression, and their control of NR2F2 activity allows transformed melanocytes to acquire NCC-like and EMT-like features. This epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity facilitates cell state transitions and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Davalos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Richard Von Itter
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Praveen Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gillian Baptiste
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David J Kahler
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Piqué
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Barbara Fontanals-Cirera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alcida Karz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chi Yun
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Schober
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York Grossman University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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6
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Huang Y, Liao J, Wu S, Ye Y, Zeng H, Liang F, Yin X, Jiang Y, Ouyang N, Han P, Huang X. Upregulated YTHDF1 associates with tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:3986-3999. [PMID: 36523307 PMCID: PMC9745380 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) is essential for the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) initiation, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. However, its gene regulatory network remains to be elucidated. METHODS To identify N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators that are involved in regulating the HNSCC TME, a computational screen was applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC patient samples. The effects of mutation, copy number variation (CNV), and transcriptional regulation on YTHDF1 expression were analyzed. We analyzed the TME infiltration, cancer-immunity cycle activities, and YTHDF1-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. RESULTS Among the 24 m6A regulators, 3 factors (YTHDF1, ELAVL1, and METTL3) were highly correlated with TME infiltration. As the top candidate, YTHDF1 was up-regulated and amplified in HNSCC. YTHDF1 promoter gains active histone marks and high chromatin accessibility, which might be transcriptionally activated by SOX2 and TP63. Moreover, YTHDF1 expression significantly associates with tumor malignant phenotype in HNSCC, which has a positive correlation with CD4+ T cells and a negative correlation with CD8+ T cells infiltration. Specifically, YTHDF1 expression is negatively associated with the cancer-immunity cycle and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In terms of the underlying biological mechanisms, YTHDF1 may interact with YTHDF2/3 to regulate several vital immune-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS We identify YTHDF1 associated with TME and elucidate an underlying mechanism of immune escape in HNSCC, which might be used as a predictive marker in guiding immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sangqing Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchu Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haicang Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Faya Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Yin
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanling Jiang
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Zhou Y, Yang Y, Guo L, Qian J, Ge J, Sinner D, Ding H, Califano A, Cardoso WV. Airway basal cells show regionally distinct potential to undergo metaplastic differentiation. eLife 2022; 11:e80083. [PMID: 36178196 PMCID: PMC9578702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cells are multipotent stem cells of a variety of organs, including the respiratory tract, where they are major components of the airway epithelium. However, it remains unclear how diverse basal cells are and how distinct subpopulations respond to airway challenges. Using single cell RNA-sequencing and functional approaches, we report a significant and previously underappreciated degree of heterogeneity in the basal cell pool, leading to identification of six subpopulations in the adult murine trachea. Among these, we found two major subpopulations, collectively comprising the most uncommitted of all the pools, but with distinct gene expression signatures. Notably, these occupy distinct ventral and dorsal tracheal niches and differ in their ability to self-renew and initiate a program of differentiation in response to environmental perturbations in primary cultures and in mouse injury models in vivo. We found that such heterogeneity is acquired prenatally, when the basal cell pool and local niches are still being established, and depends on the integrity of these niches, as supported by the altered basal cell phenotype of tracheal cartilage-deficient mouse mutants. Finally, we show that features that distinguish these progenitor subpopulations in murine airways are conserved in humans. Together, the data provide novel insights into the origin and impact of basal cell heterogeneity on the establishment of regionally distinct responses of the airway epithelium during injury-repair and in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhou
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lihao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jun Qian
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Debora Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Informatics, Medicine; JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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8
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The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153630. [PMID: 35892887 PMCID: PMC9367444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to mutations, ectopically-expressed genes are emerging as important contributors to cancer development. Efforts to characterize the expression patterns in cancers of gamete-restricted cancer-testis antigens and developmentally-restricted genes are underway, revealing these genes to be putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various malignancies. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are two highly-prevalent non-melanoma skin cancers that result in considerable burden on patients and our health system. To optimize disease prognostication and treatment, it is necessary to further classify the molecular complexity of these malignancies. This review describes the expression patterns and functions of cancer-testis antigens and developmentally-restricted genes in BCC and cSCC tumors. A large number of cancer-testis antigens and developmental genes exhibit substantial expression levels in BCC and cSCC. These genes have been shown to contribute to several aspects of cancer biology, including tumorigenesis, differentiation, invasion and responses to anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Keratinocyte carcinomas are among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the two cancers recognized as keratinocyte carcinomas. The standard of care for treating these cancers includes surgery and ablative therapies. However, in recent years, targeted therapies (e.g., cetuximab for cSCC and vismodegib/sonidegib for BCC) have been used to treat advanced disease as well as immunotherapy (e.g., cemiplimab). These treatments are expensive and have significant toxicities with objective response rates approaching ~50–65%. Hence, there is a need to dissect the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve disease management. Several cancer-testis antigens (CTA) and developmental genes (including embryonic stem cell factors and fetal genes) are ectopically expressed in BCC and cSCC. When ectopically expressed in malignant tissues, functions of these genes may be recaptured to promote tumorigenesis. CTAs and developmental genes are emerging as important players in the pathogenesis of BCC and cSCC, positioning themselves as attractive candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets requiring rigorous testing. Herein, we review the current research and offer perspectives on the contributions of CTAs and developmental genes to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte carcinomas.
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9
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Liu J, Jia J, Wang S, Zhang J, Xian S, Zheng Z, Deng L, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Prognostic Ability of Enhancer RNAs in Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134108. [PMID: 35807355 PMCID: PMC9268450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer. Enhancer RNA (eRNA) has potential utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer, but the role of eRNAs in NSCLC metastasis is not clear; (2) Methods: Differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs), enhancer RNAs (DEEs), and target genes (DETGs) between primary NSCLC and metastatic NSCLC were identified. Prognostic DEEs (PDEEs) were screened by Cox regression analyses and a predicting model for metastatic NSCLC was constructed. We identified DEE interactions with DETFs, DETGs, reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) protein chips, immunocytes, and pathways to construct a regulation network using Pearson correlation. Finally, the mechanisms and clinical significance were explained using multi-dimensional validation unambiguously; (3) Results: A total of 255 DEEs were identified, and 24 PDEEs were selected into the multivariate Cox regression model (AUC = 0.699). Additionally, the NSCLC metastasis-specific regulation network was constructed, and six key PDEEs were defined (ANXA8L1, CASTOR2, CYP4B1, GTF2H2C, PSMF1 and TNS4); (4) Conclusions: This study focused on the exploration of the prognostic value of eRNAs in the metastasis of NSCLC. Finally, six eRNAs were identified as potential markers for the prediction of metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.L.); (J.J.)
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.L.); (J.J.)
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junfang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lin Deng
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Yonghong Feng
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.L.); (J.J.)
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.); (S.X.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
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10
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Li A, Liu B, Xu J, Cui Y. Research Progress of Cell Lineage Tracing and Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in Malignant Skin Tumors. Front Surg 2022; 9:934828. [PMID: 35784923 PMCID: PMC9243498 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.934828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing have been widely applied in development biology and oncology to reveal the molecular mechanisms in multiple basic biological processes and the differentiation of stem cells, as well as quantify the differences between single cells. They provide new methods for in-depth understanding of the origin of tumors, the heterogeneity of tumor cells, and the drug resistance mechanism of tumors, thus inspiring new strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarized the progress of cell lineage tracing technology and single-cell sequencing technology in the research of malignant melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, attempting to spark new ideas for further research on skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Yong Cui wuhucuiyong@ vip.163.com Jingkai Xu
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Yong Cui wuhucuiyong@ vip.163.com Jingkai Xu
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11
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Quadri M, Marconi A, Sandhu SK, Kiss A, Efimova T, Palazzo E. Investigating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: Novel 3D Tools and Animal Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875517. [PMID: 35646967 PMCID: PMC9131878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) represents the second most common type of skin cancer, which incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Given its high frequency, cSCC represents a major public health problem. Therefore, to provide the best patients’ care, it is necessary having a detailed understanding of the molecular processes underlying cSCC development, progression, and invasion. Extensive efforts have been made in developing new models allowing to study the molecular pathogenesis of solid tumors, including cSCC tumors. Traditionally, in vitro studies were performed with cells grown in a two-dimensional context, which, however, does not represent the complexity of tumor in vivo. In the recent years, new in vitro models have been developed aiming to mimic the three-dimensionality (3D) of the tumor, allowing the evaluation of tumor cell-cell and tumor-microenvironment interaction in an in vivo-like setting. These models include spheroids, organotypic cultures, skin reconstructs and organoids. Although 3D models demonstrate high potential to enhance the overall knowledge in cancer research, they lack systemic components which may be solved only by using animal models. Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative xenotransplant model in cancer research, offering a high-throughput approach for drug screening and real-time in vivo imaging to study cell invasion. Moreover, several categories of mouse models were developed for pre-clinical purpose, including xeno- and syngeneic transplantation models, autochthonous models of chemically or UV-induced skin squamous carcinogenesis, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cSCC. These models have been instrumental in examining the molecular mechanisms of cSCC and drug response in an in vivo setting. The present review proposes an overview of in vitro, particularly 3D, and in vivo models and their application in cutaneous SCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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12
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Vega PN, Nilsson A, Kumar MP, Niitsu H, Simmons AJ, Ro J, Wang J, Chen Z, Joughin BA, Li W, McKinley ET, Liu Q, Roland JT, Washington MK, Coffey RJ, Lauffenburger DA, Lau KS. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Squamous Epithelial Cells Constitute a Unique Microenvironment in a Mouse Model of Inflammation-Induced Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878920. [PMID: 35600339 PMCID: PMC9114773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal tumors and contains various cell types including epithelial, immune, and mesenchymal cells. Characterization of the interactions between these cell types is necessary for revealing the complex nature of tumors. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to compare the tumor microenvironments between a mouse model of sporadic colorectal adenoma (Lrig1CreERT2/+;Apc2lox14/+) and a mouse model of inflammation-driven colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). While both models develop tumors in the distal colon, we found that the two tumor types have distinct microenvironments. AOM/DSS tumors have an increased abundance of two populations of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) compared with APC tumors, and we revealed their divergent spatial association with tumor cells using multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF) imaging. We also identified a unique squamous cell population in AOM/DSS tumors, whose origins were distinct from anal squamous epithelial cells. These cells were in higher proportions upon administration of a chemotherapy regimen of 5-Fluorouracil/Irinotecan. We used computational inference algorithms to predict cell-cell communication mediated by ligand-receptor interactions and downstream pathway activation, and identified potential mechanistic connections between CAFs and tumor cells, as well as CAFs and squamous epithelial cells. This study provides important preclinical insight into the microenvironment of two distinct models of colorectal tumors and reveals unique roles for CAFs and squamous epithelial cells in the AOM/DSS model of inflammation-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N Vega
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Avlant Nilsson
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manu P Kumar
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alan J Simmons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James Ro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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13
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Hasegawa K, Fujii S, Kurppa KJ, Maehara T, Oobu K, Nakamura S, Kiyoshima T. Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Exhibits Characteristics as an Undifferentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Lim HYG, Barker N. A key malignant switch in skin SCC. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1116-1118. [PMID: 35122062 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yi Grace Lim
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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15
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Mauri F, Schepkens C, Lapouge G, Drogat B, Song Y, Pastushenko I, Rorive S, Blondeau J, Golstein S, Bareche Y, Miglianico M, Nkusi E, Rozzi M, Moers V, Brisebarre A, Raphaël M, Dubois C, Allard J, Durdu B, Ribeiro F, Sotiriou C, Salmon I, Vakili J, Blanpain C. NR2F2 controls malignant squamous cell carcinoma state by promoting stemness and invasion and repressing differentiation. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1152-1169. [PMID: 35122061 PMCID: PMC7615150 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nongenetic mechanisms required to sustain malignant tumor state are poorly understood. During the transition from benign tumors to malignant carcinoma, tumor cells need to repress differentiation and acquire invasive features. Using transcriptional profiling of cancer stem cells from benign tumors and malignant skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we identified the nuclear receptor NR2F2 as uniquely expressed in malignant SCC. Using genetic gain of function and loss of function in vivo, we show that NR2F2 is essential for promoting the malignant tumor state by controlling tumor stemness and maintenance in mouse and human SCC. We demonstrate that NR2F2 promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasive features, while repressing tumor differentiation and immune cell infiltration by regulating a common transcriptional program in mouse and human SCCs. Altogether, we identify NR2F2 as a key regulator of malignant cancer stem cell functions that promotes tumor renewal and restricts differentiation to sustain a malignant tumor state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mauri
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corentin Schepkens
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Lapouge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Drogat
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Centre Universitaire Inter Régional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), Jumet, Belgium
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremy Blondeau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Golstein
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Erwin Nkusi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milena Rozzi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maylis Raphaël
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine Allard
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Durdu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Floriane Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Centre Universitaire Inter Régional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), Jumet, Belgium
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalal Vakili
- ChromaCure SA, Grandbonpré 11/5, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.
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16
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Kuonen F, Li NY, Haensel D, Patel T, Gaddam S, Yerly L, Rieger K, Aasi S, Oro AE. c-FOS drives reversible basal to squamous cell carcinoma transition. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109774. [PMID: 34610301 PMCID: PMC8515919 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While squamous transdifferentiation within subpopulations of adenocarcinomas represents an important drug resistance problem, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, using surface markers of resistant basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and patient single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data, we uncover the dynamic roadmap of basal to squamous cell carcinoma transition (BST). Experimentally induced BST identifies activator protein 1 (AP-1) family members in regulating tumor plasticity, and we show that c-FOS plays a central role in BST by regulating the accessibility of distinct AP-1 regulatory elements. Remarkably, despite prominent changes in cell morphology and BST marker expression, we show using inducible model systems that c-FOS-mediated BST demonstrates reversibility. Blocking EGFR pathway activation after c-FOS induction partially reverts BST in vitro and prevents BST features in both mouse models and human tumors. Thus, by identifying the molecular basis of BST, our work reveals a therapeutic opportunity targeting plasticity as a mechanism of tumor resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/veterinary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kuonen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy Yanzhe Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Patel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Yerly
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Aasi
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Huang Y, Yang Q, Zheng Y, Lin L, Xu X, Xu XE, Silva TC, Hazawa M, Peng L, Cao H, Ding Y, Lu D, Berman BP, Xu LY, Li EM, Yin D. Activation of bivalent factor DLX5 cooperates with master regulator TP63 to promote squamous cell carcinoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9246-9263. [PMID: 34370013 PMCID: PMC8450110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To reconstruct systematically hyperactive transcription factor (TF)-dependent transcription networks in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a computational method (ELMER) was applied to 1293 pan-SCC patient samples, and 44 hyperactive SCC TFs were identified. As a top candidate, DLX5 exhibits a notable bifurcate re-configuration of its bivalent promoter in cancer. Specifically, DLX5 maintains a bivalent state in normal tissues; its promoter is hypermethylation, leading to DLX5 transcriptional silencing in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In stark contrast, DLX5 promoter gains active histone marks and becomes transcriptionally activated in ESCC, which is directly mediated by SOX2. Functionally, silencing of DLX5 substantially inhibits SCC viability both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DLX5 cooperates with TP63 in regulating ∼2000 enhancers and promoters, which converge on activating cancer-promoting pathways. Together, our data establish a novel and strong SCC-promoting factor and elucidate a new epigenomic mechanism - bifurcate chromatin re-configuration - during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lehang Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Li Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haotian Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daning Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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18
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Yuan Y, Salinas Parra N, Chen Q, Iglesias-Bartolome R. Oncogenic Hedgehog-smoothened signaling depends on YAP1-TAZ/TEAD transcription to restrain differentiation in basal cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:65-76.e7. [PMID: 34293352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the transcriptional activity of the Hippo pathway members YAP1 and TAZ has become a major target for cancer treatment. However, detailed analysis of the effectivity and networks affected by YAP1/TAZ transcriptional targeting are limited. Here, we utilize TEADi, an inhibitor of the binding of YAP1 and TAZ with their main transcriptional target TEAD in a mouse model of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) to unveil the consequences of YAP1/TAZ transcriptional inhibition in cancer cells. Both TEADi and YAP1/TAZ knockdown lead to reduced proliferation and increased differentiation of mouse BCC driven by oncogenic Hedgehog-Smoothened (SmoM2) activity. While TEAD transcriptional networks were essential to inactivate differentiation in BCC, this inactivation was found to be indirect and potentially mediated through the repression of KLF4 by SNAI2. By comparing the transcriptional effects of TEADi with those caused by YAP1/TAZ depletion, we determined YAP1/TAZ TEAD-independent effects in cancer cells that impact STAT3 and NF-κB. Our results reveal the gene networks affected by targeting YAP1/TAZ-TEAD in BCC tumors and expose potential pitfalls for targeting TEAD transcription in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Salinas Parra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Tissue-resident macrophages provide a pro-tumorigenic niche to early NSCLC cells. Nature 2021; 595:578-584. [PMID: 34135508 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have a key role in shaping the tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy, which makes them an important target for cancer treatment1,2. However, modulating macrophages has proved extremely difficult, as we still lack a complete understanding of the molecular and functional diversity of the tumour macrophage compartment. Macrophages arise from two distinct lineages. Tissue-resident macrophages self-renew locally, independent of adult haematopoiesis3-5, whereas short-lived monocyte-derived macrophages arise from adult haematopoietic stem cells, and accumulate mostly in inflamed lesions1. How these macrophage lineages contribute to the TME and cancer progression remains unclear. To explore the diversity of the macrophage compartment in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) lesions, here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of tumour-associated leukocytes. We identified distinct populations of macrophages that were enriched in human and mouse lung tumours. Using lineage tracing, we discovered that these macrophage populations differ in origin and have a distinct temporal and spatial distribution in the TME. Tissue-resident macrophages accumulate close to tumour cells early during tumour formation to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness in tumour cells, and they also induce a potent regulatory T cell response that protects tumour cells from adaptive immunity. Depletion of tissue-resident macrophages reduced the numbers and altered the phenotype of regulatory T cells, promoted the accumulation of CD8+ T cells and reduced tumour invasiveness and growth. During tumour growth, tissue-resident macrophages became redistributed at the periphery of the TME, which becomes dominated by monocyte-derived macrophages in both mouse and human NSCLC. This study identifies the contribution of tissue-resident macrophages to early lung cancer and establishes them as a target for the prevention and treatment of early lung cancer lesions.
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20
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Pokorná Z, Vysloužil J, Hrabal V, Vojtěšek B, Coates PJ. The foggy world(s) of p63 isoform regulation in normal cells and cancer. J Pathol 2021; 254:454-473. [PMID: 33638205 DOI: 10.1002/path.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p63 exists as two major protein variants (TAp63 and ΔNp63) with distinct expression patterns and functional properties. Whilst downstream target genes of p63 have been studied intensively, how p63 variants are themselves controlled has been relatively neglected. Here, we review advances in understanding ΔNp63 and TAp63 regulation, highlighting their distinct pathways. TAp63 has roles in senescence and metabolism, and in germ cell genome maintenance, where it is activated post-transcriptionally by phosphorylation cascades after DNA damage. The function and regulation of TAp63 in mesenchymal and haematopoietic cells is less clear but may involve epigenetic control through DNA methylation. ΔNp63 functions to maintain stem/progenitor cells in various epithelia and is overexpressed in squamous and certain other cancers. ΔNp63 is transcriptionally regulated through multiple enhancers in concert with chromatin modifying proteins. Many signalling pathways including growth factors, morphogens, inflammation, and the extracellular matrix influence ΔNp63 levels, with inconsistent results reported. There is also evidence for reciprocal regulation, including ΔNp63 activating its own transcription. ΔNp63 is downregulated during cell differentiation through transcriptional regulation, while post-transcriptional events cause proteasomal degradation. Throughout the review, we identify knowledge gaps and highlight discordances, providing potential explanations including cell-context and cell-matrix interactions. Identifying individual p63 variants has roles in differential diagnosis and prognosis, and understanding their regulation suggests clinically approved agents for targeting p63 that may be useful combination therapies for selected cancer patients. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorná
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vysloužil
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hrabal
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borˇivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Development of a novel prognostic signature for predicting the overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224923. [PMID: 32441304 PMCID: PMC7286875 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. So far, no effective biomarker for bladder cancer prognosis has been identified. Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently observed in the bladder cancer and holds considerable promise as a biomarker for predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients. Materials and methods: We downloaded the DNA methylation and transcriptome data for bladder cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a public database, screened hypo-methylated and up-regulated genes, similarly, hyper-methylation with low expression genes, then retrieved the relevant methylation sites. Cox regression analysis was used to identify a nine-methylation site signature of a training group. Predictive ability was validated in a test group by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: We identified nine bladder cancer-specific methylation sites as potential prognostic biomarkers and established a risk score system based on the methylation site signature to evaluate the OS. The performance of the signature was accurate, with area under curve was 0.73 in the training group and 0.71 in the test group. Taking clinical features into consideration, we constructed a nomogram consisting of the nine-methylation site signature and patients’ clinical variables, and found that the signature was an independent risk factor. Conclusions: Overall, the significant nine methylation sites could be novel prediction biomarkers, which could aid in treatment and also predict the overall survival likelihoods of bladder cancer patients.
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22
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Guan Y, Yang YJ, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. Transcriptional and signalling regulation of skin epithelial stem cells in homeostasis, wounds and cancer. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:529-545. [PMID: 33249665 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis and skin appendages are maintained by their resident epithelial stem cells, which undergo long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Upon injury, stem cells are activated to mediate re-epithelialization and restore tissue function. During this process, they often mount lineage plasticity and expand their fates in response to damage signals. Stem cell function is tightly controlled by transcription machineries and signalling transductions, many of which derail in degenerative, inflammatory and malignant dermatologic diseases. Here, by describing both well-characterized and newly emerged pathways, we discuss the transcriptional and signalling mechanisms governing skin epithelial homeostasis, wound repair and squamous cancer. Throughout, we highlight common themes underscoring epithelial stem cell plasticity and tissue-level crosstalk in the context of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youn Joo Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Kim J. Cellular reprogramming to model and study epigenetic alterations in cancer. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102062. [PMID: 33202305 PMCID: PMC7768185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming to model human cancer. Cellular reprogramming to rewire epigenetic alterations in human cancer. Selective reactivation of malignancy in the cell lineage cancer is originated. Cellular reprogramming to recapitulate human cancer progression.
Although genetic mutations are required for cancer development, reversible non-genetic alterations also play a pivotal role in cancer progression. Failure of well-orchestrated gene regulation by chromatin states and master transcription factors can be one such non-genetic etiology for cancer development. Master transcription factor-mediated cellular reprogramming of human cancer cells allows us to model cancer progression. Here I cover the history and recent advances in reprogramming cancer cells, followed by lessons from cellular reprogramming of normal cells that may apply to cancer. Lastly, I share my perspective on cellular reprogramming for studying epigenetic alterations that have occurred in tumorigenesis, discuss the current limitations, and propose ways to overcome the obstacles in the reprogramming of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute (Cancer Biology Research Program), Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, KCRB 5001.51, 2720 SW Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201, United States.
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24
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Chen P, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zheng X, Yang D. Comprehensive analysis of aberrantly expressed long non‑coding RNAs, microRNAs, and mRNAs associated with the competitive endogenous RNA network in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:405-415. [PMID: 32377727 PMCID: PMC7248517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common malignant disease that poses a serious health threat to women worldwide. Growing research efforts have focused on protein‑coding and non‑coding RNAs involved in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of various types of cancer. The potential molecular mechanisms and the interaction among long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs require further investigation in cervical cancer. In the present study, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles of 304 primary tumor tissues from patients with cervical cancer and 3 solid normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were studied via RNA sequencing (RNA‑seq). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using R package clusterProfiler to annotate the principal functions of differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs. Kaplan‑Meier analysis was also conducted to investigate the effects of DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs on overall survival. A total of 2,255 mRNAs, 133 miRNAs, and 150 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed were identified with a threshold of P<0.05 and |fold change (FC)|>2. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEmRNAs were enriched in cancer‑associated KEGG pathways. Furthermore, 255 mRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 12 lncRNAs that were significantly associated with overall survival in cervical carcinoma were also identified. Importantly, an miRNA‑mediated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was successfully constructed based on the expression profiles of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs. More importantly, it was found that the lncRNA EPB41L4A‑AS1 may function as a pivotal regulator in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Taken together, the present study has provided novel insights into investigating the potential mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, development, and prognosis of cervical cancer, and presented new potential avenues for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
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25
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Li Z, Chen Z, Hu G, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Wang J. Profiling and integrated analysis of differentially expressed circRNAs as novel biomarkers for breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7945-7959. [PMID: 31943203 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a globally common cancer with the highest and increasing morbidity and mortality among females. Novel biomarkers are warranted to be discovered for the early detection, treatment, and prognosis of BC. In this study, we investigated the profiles of differentially expressed (DE) circular RNAs (circRNAs) by competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) microarray to construct a genome-wide circRNA profile. Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis of the host genes (HGs) of circRNAs. A total of 4,370 DE circRNAs were detected and GO and KEGG analysis showed that they were significantly associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, BC, and familial BC. We validated the differential circRNAs and relevant HGs through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and constructed a putative circRNA-microRNA-messenger RNA regulatory network. Eight circRNAs, including hsa_circ_0069094, hsa_circ_0062558, hsa_circ_0074026, hsa_circ_0079876, hsa_circ_0017536, hsa_circ_0023302, hsa_circ_0017650, and hsa_circ_0017545, were validated significantly DE in BC tissue and associated with TNM staging, lymph node infiltration, and Ki67. Hsa_circ_0069094, hsa_circ_0079876, hsa_circ_0017650, and hsa_circ_0017526 were upregulated in plasma. This study revealed the general expression characteristics of specific DE circRNAs in BC and hsa_circ_0069094, hsa_circ_0079876, hsa_circ_0017650, and hsa_circ_0017526 might be promising candidate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanghan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Sastre-Perona A, Hoang-Phou S, Schober M. Self-renewal and differentiation in squamous cell carcinomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8736-8738. [PMID: 31627191 PMCID: PMC6834421 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sastre-Perona
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Steven Hoang-Phou
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Markus Schober
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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27
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Tassone E, Bradaschia-Correa V, Xiong X, Sastre-Perona A, Josephson AM, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Melamed J, Bu L, Kahler DJ, Ossowski L, Leucht P, Schober M, Wilson EL. KLF4 as a rheostat of osteolysis and osteogenesis in prostate tumors in the bone. Oncogene 2019; 38:5766-5777. [PMID: 31239516 PMCID: PMC6639130 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that KLF4, a gene highly expressed in murine prostate stem cells, blocks the progression of indolent intraepithelial prostatic lesions into aggressive and rapidly growing tumors. Here, we show that the anti-tumorigenic effect of KLF4 extends to PC3 human prostate cancer cells growing in the bone. We compared KLF4 null cells with cells transduced with a DOX-inducible KLF4 expression system, and find KLF4 function inhibits PC3 growth in monolayer and soft agar cultures. Furthermore, KLF4 null cells proliferate rapidly, forming large, invasive, and osteolytic tumors when injected into mouse femurs, whereas KLF4 re-expression immediately after their intra-femoral inoculation blocks tumor development and preserves a normal bone architecture. KLF4 re-expression in established KLF4 null bone tumors inhibits their osteolytic effects, preventing bone fractures and inducing an osteogenic response with new bone formation. In addition to these profound biological changes, KLF4 also induces a transcriptional shift from an osteolytic program in KLF4 null cells to an osteogenic program. Importantly, bioinformatic analysis shows that genes regulated by KLF4 overlap significantly with those expressed in metastatic prostate cancer patients and in three individual cohorts with bone metastases, strengthening the clinical relevance of the findings in our xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Tassone
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vivian Bradaschia-Correa
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ana Sastre-Perona
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Anne Marie Josephson
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David J Kahler
- High Throughput Biology Laboratory, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Liliana Ossowski
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Markus Schober
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Elaine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Urology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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