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Li T, Gui X, Li B, Hu X, Wang Y. LSP1 promotes the progression of acute myelogenous leukemia by regulating KSR/ERK signaling pathway and cell migration. Hematology 2024; 29:2330285. [PMID: 38511641 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2330285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of LSP1 in the progression of acute myelogenous leukemia. In this study, we established shLSP1 cell line to analyze the function of LSP1 in AML. We observed high expression of LSP1 in AML patients, whereas it showed no expression in normal adults. Furthermore, we found that LSP1 expression was associated with disease prognosis. Our results indicate that LSP1 plays a crucial role in mediating proliferation and survival of leukemia cells through the KSR/ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, LSP1 promotes cell chemotaxis and homing by enhancing cell adhesion and migration. We also discovered that LSP1 confers chemotactic ability to leukemia cells in vivo. Finally, our study identified 12 genes related to LSP1 in AML, which indicated poor survival outcome in AML patients and were enriched in Ras and cell adhesion signaling pathways. Our results revealed that the overexpression of LSP1 is related to the activation of the KSR/ERK signaling pathway, as well as cell adhesion and migration in AML patients. Reducing LSP1 expression impair AML progression, suggesting that LSP1 may serve as a potential drug therapy target for more effective treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Hematology, Hefei City First People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Gui
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Hematology, Hefei City First People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Hu
- Department of Hematology, Hefei City First People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lu Z, Yu H, Li Y, Xu G, Li X, Liu Y, Shen Y, Cai Z, Zhao B. Phosphatase, Mg 2+/Mn 2+ dependent 1B regulates the hematopoietic stem cells homeostasis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Haematologica 2024; 109:2144-2156. [PMID: 38328859 PMCID: PMC11215397 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are primarily dormant in a cell-cycle quiescence state to preserve their self-renewal capacity and long-term maintenance. How HSC maintain the balance between activation and quiescence remains largely unknown. Herein, we found that phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1B (Ppm1b) is required for the expansion of phenotypic HSC in vitro. By using a conditional knockout mouse model in which Ppm1b was specifically depleted in hematopoietic cells, we demonstrated that loss of Ppm1b impaired the HSC homeostasis and hematopoietic reconstitution. Ppm1b deficiency mice also exhibited B-cell leukocytopenia, which is due to the compromised commitment and proliferation of B-biased lymphoid progenitor cells from common lymphoid progenitors. With the aid of a small molecular inhibitor, we confirmed the roles of Ppm1b in adult hematopoiesis that phenocopied the effects with loss of Ppm1b. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling of Ppm1b-deficient HSC revealed the disruptive quiescence of HSC. Mechanistically, Ppm1b interacted with β-catenin and mediated its dephosphorylation. Loss of Ppm1b led to the decrease in the active β-catenin (non-phosphorylated) that interrupted the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HSC, which consequently suppressed HSC expansion. Together, our study identified an indispensable role for Ppm1b in regulating HSC homeostasis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China, 250117
| | - Hanzhi Yu
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Yanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012
| | - Guangsen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012
| | - Zhigang Cai
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300070
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012; NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250012.
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3
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Wang LL, Lu ZJ, Luo SK, Li Y, Yang Z, Lu HY. Unveiling the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha in osteoporosis: Implications for bone health. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:389-409. [PMID: 38690514 PMCID: PMC11056635 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) has become a major public health problem worldwide. Most OP treatments are based on the inhibition of bone resorption, and it is necessary to identify additional treatments aimed at enhancing osteogenesis. In the bone marrow (BM) niche, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are exposed to a hypoxic environment. Recently, a few studies have demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2α) is involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation, but the molecular mechanism involved has not been determined. AIM To investigate the effect of HIF-2α on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the BM niche on the progression of OP. METHODS Mice with BMSC-specific HIF-2α knockout (Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice) were used for in vivo experiments. Bone quantification was performed on mice of two genotypes with three interventions: Bilateral ovariectomy, semilethal irradiation, and dexamethasone treatment. Moreover, the hematopoietic function of HSCs in the BM niche was compared between the two mouse genotypes. In vitro, the HIF-2α agonist roxadustat and the HIF-2α inhibitor PT2399 were used to investigate the function of HIF-2α in BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Finally, we investigated the effect of HIF-2α on BMSCs via treatment with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) agonist MHY1485 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. RESULTS The quantitative index determined by microcomputed tomography indicated that the femoral bone density of Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice was lower than that of Hif-2αfl/fl mice under the three intervention conditions. In vitro, Hif-2αfl/fl mouse BMSCs were cultured and treated with the HIF-2α agonist roxadustat, and after 7 d of BMSC adipogenic differentiation, the oil red O staining intensity and mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes in BMSCs treated with roxadustat were decreased; in addition, after 14 d of osteogenic differentiation, BMSCs treated with roxadustat exhibited increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The opposite effects were shown for mouse BMSCs treated with the HIF-2α inhibitor PT2399. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was used to confirm that HIF-2α regulated BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. Consequently, there was no significant difference in the hematopoietic function of HSCs between Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl and Hif-2αfl/fl mice. CONCLUSION Our study showed that inhibition of HIF-2α decreases bone mass by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation and increasing the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through inhibition of mTOR signaling in the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhan-Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shun-Kui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Macao University of Science and Technology), Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Macao University of Science and Technology), Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
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Chen L, Qian Z, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Zhou C, Xiao H. Structural analysis of PTPN21 reveals a dominant-negative effect of the FERM domain on its phosphatase activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7404. [PMID: 38416831 PMCID: PMC10901363 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
PTPN21 belongs to the four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) and plays important roles in cytoskeleton-associated cellular processes like cell adhesion, motility, and cargo transport. Because of the presence of a WPE loop instead of a WPD loop in the phosphatase domain, it is often considered to lack phosphatase activity. However, many of PTPN21's biological functions require its catalytic activity. To reconcile these findings, we have determined the structures of individual PTPN21 FERM, PTP domains, and a complex between FERM-PTP. Combined with biochemical analysis, we have found that PTPN21 PTP is weakly active and is autoinhibited by association with its FERM domain. Disruption of FERM-PTP interaction results in enhanced ERK activation. The oncogenic HPV18 E7 protein binds to PTP at the same location as PTPN21 FERM, indicating that it may act by displacing the FERM domain from PTP. Our results provide mechanistic insight into PTPN21 and benefit functional studies of PTPN21-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Department of Hematology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yuyuan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hematology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Department of Hematology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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5
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Al-Amoodi AS, Kai J, Li Y, Malki JS, Alghamdi A, Al-Ghuneim A, Saera-Vila A, Habuchi S, Merzaban JS. α1,3-fucosylation treatment improves cord blood CD34 negative hematopoietic stem cell navigation. iScience 2024; 27:108882. [PMID: 38322982 PMCID: PMC10845921 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
For almost two decades, clinicians have overlooked the diagnostic potential of CD34neg hematopoietic stem cells because of their limited homing capacity relative to CD34posHSCs when injected intravenously. This has contributed to the lack of appeal of using umbilical cord blood in HSC transplantation because its stem cell count is lower than bone marrow. The present study reveals that the homing and engraftment of CD34negHSCs can be improved by adding the Sialyl Lewis X molecule via α1,3-fucosylation. This unlocks the potential for using this more primitive stem cell to treat blood disorders because our findings show CD34negHSCs have the capacity to regenerate cells in the bone marrow of mice for several months. Furthermore, our RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CD34negHSCs have unique adhesion pathways, downregulated in CD34posHSCs, that facilitate interaction with the bone marrow niche. Our findings suggest that CD34neg cells will best thrive when the HSC resides in its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma S. Al-Amoodi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Kai
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana S. Malki
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghamdi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Al-Ghuneim
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Shi G, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Zheng X, Yan J, Zhang N, Yang H. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the biophysical microenvironment during hematopoietic stem cell development: from embryo to adult. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 37705072 PMCID: PMC10500792 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate are responsible for maintaining the supply of all types of blood cells. The complex and delicate microenvironment surrounding HSCs is called the HSC niche and can provide physical, chemical, and biological stimuli to regulate the survival, maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs. Currently, the exploration of the biophysical regulation of HSCs remains in its infancy. There is evidence that HSCs are susceptible to biophysical stimuli, suggesting that the construction of engineered niche biophysical microenvironments is a promising way to regulate the fate of HSCs in vitro and ultimately contribute to clinical applications. In this review, we introduced the spatiotemporal heterogeneous biophysical microenvironment during HSC development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrated how these biophysical cues contribute to HSC behaviors, as well as the possible mechanotransduction mechanisms from the extracellular microenvironment into cells. Comprehending the important functions of these biophysical regulatory factors will provide novel approaches to resolve clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Rubio-Lara JA, Igarashi KJ, Sood S, Johansson A, Sommerkamp P, Yamashita M, Lin DS. Expanding hematopoietic stem cell ex vivo: recent advances and technical considerations. Exp Hematol 2023; 125-126:6-15. [PMID: 37543237 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most primitive cell type in the hematopoietic hierarchy, which are responsible for sustaining the lifelong production of mature blood and immune cells. Due to their superior long-term regenerative capacity, HSC therapies such as stem cell transplantation have been used in a broad range of hematologic disorders. However, the rarity of this population in vivo considerably limits its clinical applications and large-scale analyses such as screening and safety studies. Therefore, ex vivo culture methods that allow long-term expansion and maintenance of functional HSCs are instrumental in overcoming the difficulties in studying HSC biology and improving HSC therapies. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances and technical considerations for three ex vivo HSC expansion methods including 1) polyvinyl alcohol-based HSC expansion, 2) mesenchymal stromal cell-HSC co-culture, and 3) two-/three-dimensional hydrogel HSC culture. This review summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2022 International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) Annual Meeting New Investigator Technology Session.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyomi J Igarashi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shubhankar Sood
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alban Johansson
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Pia Sommerkamp
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dawn S Lin
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Sharma K, Menon MB. Decoding post-translational modifications of mammalian septins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:169-181. [PMID: 36797225 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Septins are cytoskeletal GTPases that form nonpolar filaments and higher-ordered structures and they take part in a wide range of cellular processes. Septins are conserved from yeast to mammals but absent from higher plants. The number of septin genes vary between organisms and they usually form complex heteropolymeric networks. Most septins are known to be capable of GTP hydrolysis which may regulate septin dynamics. Knowledge on regulation of septin function by post-translational modifications is still in its infancy. In this review article, we highlight the post-translational modifications reported for the 13 human septins and discuss their implications on septin functions. In addition to the functionally investigated modifications, we also try to make sense of the complex septin post-translational modification code revealed from large-scale phospho-proteomic datasets. Future studies may determine how these isoform-specific and homology group specific modifications affect septin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj B Menon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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9
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Fang H, Yuan J, Ji L. The progress of research into pseudophosphatases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:965631. [PMID: 36106167 PMCID: PMC9464862 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.965631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases are a class of phosphatases that mutate at the catalytically active site. They play important parts in many life processes and disorders, e.g., cell apoptosis, stress reaction, tumorigenesis, axon differentiation, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, and metabolic dysfunction. The present review considers the structures and action types of pseudophosphatases in four families, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), myotube protein phosphatases (MTMs), phosphatases and tensin homologues (PTENs) and dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), as well as their mechanisms in signaling and disease. We aimed to provide reference material for the research and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China,*Correspondence: Jinxiang Yuan
| | - Lizhen Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Lizhen Ji
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10
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Zeng Y, Hao J, Zhang J, Jiang L, Youn S, Lu G, Yan D, Kang H, Sun Y, Shung KK, Shen K, Zhou Q. Manipulation and Mechanical Deformation of Leukemia Cells by High-Frequency Ultrasound Single Beam. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1889-1897. [PMID: 35468061 PMCID: PMC9753557 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3170074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound single-beam acoustic tweezer system has attracted increasing attention in the field of biomechanics. Cell biomechanics play a pivotal role in leukemia cell functions. To better understand and compare the cell mechanics of the leukemia cells, herein, we fabricated an acoustic tweezer system in-house connected with a 50-MHz high-frequency cylinder ultrasound transducer. Selected leukemia cells (Jurkat, K562, and MV-411 cells) were cultured, trapped, and manipulated by high-frequency ultrasound single beam, which was transmitted from the ultrasound transducer without contacting any cells. The relative deformability of each leukemia cell was measured, characterized, and compared, and the leukemia cell (Jurkat cell) gaining the highest deformability was highlighted. Our results demonstrate that the high-frequency ultrasound single beam can be utilized to manipulate and characterize leukemia cells, which can be applied to study potential mechanisms in the immune system and cell biomechanics in other cell types.
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11
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Expansion of Quiescent Hematopoietic Stem Cells under Stress and Nonstress Conditions in Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2388-2402. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Chen Z, Guo Q, Song G, Hou Y. Molecular regulation of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:218. [PMID: 35357574 PMCID: PMC11072845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are primarily dormant in a cell-cycle quiescence state to preserve their self-renewal capacity and long-term maintenance, which is essential for the homeostasis of hematopoietic system. Dysregulation of quiescence causes HSC dysfunction and may result in aberrant hematopoiesis (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow failure syndromes) and leukemia transformation. Accumulating evidence indicates that both intrinsic molecular networks and extrinsic signals regulate HSC quiescence, including cell-cycle regulators, transcription factors, epigenetic factors, and niche factors. Further, the transition between quiescence and activation of HSCs is a continuous developmental path driven by cell metabolism (e.g., protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy). Elucidating the complex regulatory networks of HSC quiescence will expand the knowledge of HSC hemostasis and benefit for clinical HSC use. Here, we review the current understanding and progression on the molecular and metabolic regulation of HSC quiescence, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanisms of HSC quiescence maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yu Hou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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13
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Kuang W, Wang X, Ding J, Li J, Ji M, Chen W, Wang L, Yang P. PTPN2, A Key Predictor of Prognosis for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Significantly Regulates Cell Cycles, Apoptosis, and Metastasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805311. [PMID: 35154122 PMCID: PMC8829144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the members of the PTPN family and emphasized the key role of PTPN2 as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in improving the survival rate of PAAD. Method Oncomine was used to analyze the pan-cancer expression of the PTPN gene family. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data as well as Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data were downloaded to analyze the expression and prognosis of PTPNs. The diagnosis of PTPNs was evaluated by the experimental ROC curve. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by combining STRING and Cytoscape. The genes of 50 proteins most closely related to PTPN2 were screened and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. The differentially expressed genes of PTPN2 were found by RNA sequencing, and GSEA enrichment analysis was carried out to find the downstream pathways and targets, which were verified by online tools and experiments. Finally, the relationship between PTPN2 and immune cell infiltration in PAAD, and the relationship with immune score and immune checkpoint were studied. Result The expression patterns and the prognostic value of multiple PTPNs in PAAD have been reported through bioinformatic analyzes. Among these members, PTPN2 is the most important prognostic signature that regulates the progression of PAAD by activating JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Comparison of two PAAD cell lines with normal pancreatic epithelial cell lines revealed that PTPN2 expression was up-regulated as a key regulator of PAAD, which was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of PTPN2 caused a profound decrease in PAAD cell growth, migration, invasion, and induced PAAD cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, we conducted a series of enrichment analyses to investigate the PTPN2-binding proteins and the PTPN2 expression-correlated genes. We suggest that STAT1 and EGFR are the key factors to regulate PTPN2, which are involved in the progression of PAAD. Meanwhile, the silencing of PTPN2 induced the repression of STAT1 and EGFR expression. Conclusion These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the PTPN family members, and for PAAD, they also demonstrate that PTPN2 is a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Hu M, Lu Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Chen N, Shen M, Chen F, Chen M, Yang L, Chen S, Zeng D, Wang F, Su Y, Xu Y, Wang J. CD63 acts as a functional marker in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell quiescence through supporting TGFβ signaling in mice. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:178-191. [PMID: 34363017 PMCID: PMC8738745 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate is tightly controlled by various regulators, whereas the underlying mechanism has not been fully uncovered due to the high heterogeneity of these populations. In this study, we identify tetraspanin CD63 as a novel functional marker of HSCs in mice. We show that CD63 is unevenly expressed on the cell surface in HSC populations. Importantly, HSCs with high CD63 expression (CD63hi) are more quiescent and have more robust self-renewal and myeloid differentiation abilities than those with negative/low CD63 expression (CD63-/lo). On the other hand, using CD63 knockout mice, we find that loss of CD63 leads to reduced HSC numbers in the bone marrow. In addition, CD63-deficient HSCs exhibit impaired quiescence and long-term repopulating capacity, accompanied by increased sensitivity to irradiation and 5-fluorouracil treatment. Further investigations demonstrate that CD63 is required to sustain TGFβ signaling activity through its interaction with TGFβ receptors I and II, thereby playing an important role in regulating the quiescence of HSCs. Collectively, our data not only reveal a previously unrecognized role of CD63 but also provide us with new insights into HSC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Hu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Qi
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Naicheng Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Su
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Schuster T, Geiger H. Septins in Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:801507. [PMID: 34957123 PMCID: PMC8695968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins were first described in yeast. Due to extensive research in non-yeast cells, Septins are now recognized across all species as important players in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, in the establishment of polarity, for migration, vesicular trafficking and scaffolding. Stem cells are primarily quiescent cells, and this actively maintained quiescent state is critical for proper stem cell function. Equally important though, stem cells undergo symmetric or asymmetric division, which is likely linked to the level of symmetry found in the mother stem cell. Due to the ability to organize barriers and be able to break symmetry in cells, Septins are thought to have a significant impact on organizing quiescence as well as the mode (symmetric vs asymmetric) of stem cell division to affect self-renewal versus differentiation. Mechanisms of regulating mammalian quiescence and symmetry breaking by Septins are though still somewhat elusive. Within this overview article, we summarize current knowledge on the role of Septins in stem cells ranging from yeast to mice especially with respect to quiescence and asymmetric division, with a special focus on hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Kandi R, Senger K, Grigoryan A, Soller K, Sakk V, Schuster T, Eiwen K, Menon MB, Gaestel M, Zheng Y, Florian MC, Geiger H. Cdc42-Borg4-Septin7 axis regulates HSC polarity and function. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52931. [PMID: 34661963 PMCID: PMC8647144 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is caused by the elevated activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 and an apolar distribution of proteins. Mechanisms by which Cdc42 activity controls polarity of HSCs are not known. Binder of RhoGTPases proteins (Borgs) are known effector proteins of Cdc42 that are able to regulate the cytoskeletal Septin network. Here, we show that Cdc42 interacts with Borg4, which in turn interacts with Septin7 to regulate the polar distribution of Cdc42, Borg4, and Septin7 within HSCs. Genetic deletion of either Borg4 or Septin7 results in a reduced frequency of HSCs polar for Cdc42 or Borg4 or Septin7, a reduced engraftment potential and decreased lymphoid‐primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP) frequency in the bone marrow. Taken together, our data identify a Cdc42‐Borg4‐Septin7 axis essential for the maintenance of polarity within HSCs and for HSC function and provide a rationale for further investigating the role of Borgs and Septins in the regulation of compartmentalization within stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kandi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ani Grigoryan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Schuster
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karina Eiwen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manoj B Menon
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Induced cell-autonomous neutropenia systemically perturbs hematopoiesis in Cebpa enhancer-null mice. Blood Adv 2021; 6:1406-1419. [PMID: 34814180 PMCID: PMC8905702 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPa initiates the neutrophil gene expression program in the bone marrow. Knockouts of the Cebpa gene or its +37kb enhancer in mice show two major findings: (1) neutropenia in bone marrow and blood; (2) decrease in long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) numbers. Whether the latter finding is cell autonomous (intrinsic) to the LT-HSCs or an extrinsic event exerted on the stem cell compartment remained an open question. Flow cytometric analysis of the Cebpa +37kb enhancer knockout model revealed that the reduction in LT-HSC numbers observed was proportional to the degree of neutropenia. Single cell transcriptomics of wild type mouse bone marrow showed that Cebpa is predominantly expressed in early myeloid-biased progenitors, but not in LT-HSCs. These observations suggest that the negative effect on LT-HSCs is an extrinsic event caused by neutropenia. We transplanted whole bone marrows from +37kb enhancer deleted mice and found that 40% of the recipient mice acquired full blown neutropenia with severe dysplasia and a significant reduction in the total LT-HSC population. The other 60% showed initial signs of myeloid differentiation defects and dysplasia when they were sacrificed, suggesting they were in an early stage of the same pathological process. This phenotype was not seen in mice transplanted with wild type bone marrow cells. Altogether, these results indicate that Cebpa-enhancer deletion causes cell autonomous neutropenia, which reprograms and disturbs the quiescence of HSCs, leading to a systemic impairment of the hematopoietic process.
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18
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Qi Y, Chen S, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Chen N, Shen M, Chen F, Chen M, Quan Y, Yang L, Xu Y, Su Y, Hu M, Wang J. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic stem progenitor cell injury by regulating Foxo1 in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:144-156. [PMID: 34389464 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important contributor of the injury of hematopoietic system. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a new type of antioxidant, whereas whether it could ameliorate IR-induced hematopoietic injury remains unclear. Here, we show that GSPE treatment improves the survival of irradiated mice and alleviates IR-induced myelosuppression. Meanwhile, the hematopoietic reconstituting ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice following irradiation exposure is significantly increased after GSPE treatment. Furthermore, GSPE treatment can reduce IR-induced ROS production and relieve DNA damage and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Interestingly, we find that a critical antioxidant-associated gene fokhead box transcription factor O1 (Foxo1) is significantly decreased in HSPCs after irradiation. Consistently, hematopoietic specific deletion of Foxo1 increases the radiosensitivity of mice. Further investigations reveal that GSPE treatment specifically upregulates the expression of Foxo1, as well as its target genes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT). Importantly, Foxo1 deficiency largely abolishes the radioprotection of GSPE on HSPCs. Collectively, our data demonstrate that GSPE plays an important role in ameliorating IR-induced HSPC injury via the Foxo1-mediated pathway. Therefore, GSPE may be used as a promising radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Naicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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19
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Sugden WW, North TE. Making Blood from the Vessel: Extrinsic and Environmental Cues Guiding the Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101027. [PMID: 34685398 PMCID: PMC8539454 DOI: 10.3390/life11101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that specialized subsets of endothelial cells carry out unique functions in specific organs and regions of the vascular tree. Perhaps the most striking example of this specialization is the ability to contribute to the generation of the blood system, in which a distinct population of “hemogenic” endothelial cells in the embryo transforms irreversibly into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that produce circulating erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid cells for the lifetime of an animal. This review will focus on recent advances made in the zebrafish model organism uncovering the extrinsic and environmental factors that facilitate hemogenic commitment and the process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that produces blood stem cells. We highlight in particular biomechanical influences of hemodynamic forces and the extracellular matrix, metabolic and sterile inflammatory cues present during this developmental stage, and outline new avenues opened by transcriptomic-based approaches to decipher cell–cell communication mechanisms as examples of key signals in the embryonic niche that regulate hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade W. Sugden
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E. North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Li H, Luo Q, Shan W, Cai S, Tie R, Xu Y, Lin Y, Qian P, Huang H. Biomechanical cues as master regulators of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5881-5902. [PMID: 34232331 PMCID: PMC8316214 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) perceive both soluble signals and biomechanical inputs from their microenvironment and cells themselves. Emerging as critical regulators of the blood program, biomechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid mechanical stress, confined adhesiveness, and cell-intrinsic forces modulate multiple capacities of HSCs through mechanotransduction. In recent years, research has furthered the scientific community's perception of mechano-based signaling networks in the regulation of several cellular processes. However, the underlying molecular details of the biomechanical regulatory paradigm in HSCs remain poorly elucidated and researchers are still lacking in the ability to produce bona fide HSCs ex vivo for clinical use. This review presents an overview of the mechanical control of both embryonic and adult HSCs, discusses some recent insights into the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and highlights the application of mechanical cues aiming at HSC expansion or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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21
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Biomechanical Regulation of Stem Cell Fate. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Yuan S, Sun G, Zhang Y, Dong F, Cheng H, Cheng T. Understanding the "SMART" features of hematopoietic stem cells and beyond. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2030-2044. [PMID: 34341896 PMCID: PMC8328818 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the huge success of bone marrow transplantation technology in clinical practice, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have become the gold standard for defining the properties of adult stem cells (ASCs). Here, we describe the "self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, apoptosis, rest, and trafficking" or "SMART" model, which has been developed based on data derived from studies of HSCs as the most well-characterized stem cell type. Given the potential therapeutic applications of ASCs, we delineate the key characteristics of HSCs using this model and speculate on the physiological relevance of stem cells identified in other tissues. Great strides are being made in understanding the biology of ASCs, and efforts are now underway to develop safe and effective ASC-based therapies in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Yuan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Guohuan Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Fang Dong
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Hui Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Tao Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
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23
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Luo M, Li JF, Yang Q, Zhang K, Wang ZW, Zheng S, Zhou JJ. Stem cell quiescence and its clinical relevance. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1307-1326. [PMID: 33312400 PMCID: PMC7705463 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent state has been observed in stem cells (SCs), including in adult SCs and in cancer SCs (CSCs). Quiescent status of SCs contributes to SC self-renewal and conduces to averting SC death from harsh external stimuli. In this review, we provide an overview of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic factors that regulate adult SC quiescence. The intrinsic mechanisms discussed here include the cell cycle, mitogenic signaling, Notch signaling, epigenetic modification, and metabolism and transcriptional regulation, while the extrinsic factors summarized here include microenvironment cells, extracellular factors, and immune response and inflammation in microenvironment. Quiescent state of CSCs has been known to contribute immensely to therapeutic resistance in multiple cancers. The characteristics and the regulation mechanisms of quiescent CSCs are discussed in detail. Importantly, we also outline the recent advances and controversies in therapeutic strategies targeting CSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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24
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Liu S, Xie F, Gan L, Peng T, Xu X, Guo S, Fu W, Wang Y, Ouyang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Wang H. Integration of transcriptome and cistrome analysis identifies RUNX1-target genes involved in pancreatic cancer proliferation. Genomics 2020; 112:5343-5355. [PMID: 33189780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extremely high proliferation rate of tumor cells contributes to pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1), a key factor in hematopoiesis that was correlated with tumor progression. However, the role of RUNX1 in PC proliferation was still unclear. We found that RUNX1 was significantly upregulated in PC tissues and its expression was negatively associated with prognosis of PC patients in a multicenter analysis according to immunohistochemical (IHC). RUNX1 downregulation in PC resulted in a significantly reduced cell proliferation rate, which was consistent with in vivo subcutaneous tumor formation assay results. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results revealed that a portion of target genes, including HAP1, GPRC5B, PTPN21, VHL and EN2, were regulated by RUNX1, a finding successfully validated by ChIP-qPCR, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Subsequently, IHC and proliferation assays showed these target genes to be dysregulated in PC, affecting tumor growth. Our data suggest that RUNX1 plays an oncogenic role in tumor proliferation and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Liu
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fuming Xie
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lang Gan
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tao Peng
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region of PLA, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Shixiang Guo
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen Fu
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Ouyang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xianxing Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China.
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25
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Liang W, Shi H, Yang X, Wang J, Yang W, Zhang H, Liu L. Recent advances in AFM-based biological characterization and applications at multiple levels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8962-8984. [PMID: 32996549 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has found a wide range of bio-applications in the past few decades due to its ability to measure biological samples in natural environments at a high spatial resolution. AFM has become a key platform in biomedical, bioengineering and drug research fields, enabling mechanical and morphological characterization of live biological systems. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review on recent advances in the use of AFM for characterizing the biomechanical properties of multi-scale biological samples, ranging from molecule, cell to tissue levels. First, we present the fundamental principles of AFM and two AFM-based models for the characterization of biomechanical properties of biological samples, covering key AFM devices and AFM bioimaging as well as theoretical models for characterizing the elasticity and viscosity of biomaterials. Then, we elaborate on a series of new experimental findings through analysis of biomechanics. Finally, we discuss the future directions and challenges. It is envisioned that the AFM technique will enable many remarkable discoveries, and will have far-reaching impacts on bio-related studies and applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China.
| | - Haohao Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China.
| | - Xieliu Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China.
| | - Junhai Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China.
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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26
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Reiterer V, Pawłowski K, Desrochers G, Pause A, Sharpe HJ, Farhan H. The dead phosphatases society: a review of the emerging roles of pseudophosphatases. FEBS J 2020; 287:4198-4220. [PMID: 32484316 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases are a diverse family of enzymes, comprising at least 10 distinct protein folds. Like most other enzyme families, many have sequence variations that predict an impairment or loss of catalytic activity classifying them as pseudophosphatases. Research on pseudoenzymes is an emerging area of interest, with new biological functions repurposed from catalytically active relatives. Here, we provide an overview of the pseudophosphatases identified to date in all major phosphatase families. We will highlight the degeneration of the various catalytic sequence motifs and discuss the challenges associated with the experimental determination of catalytic inactivity. We will also summarize the role of pseudophosphatases in various diseases and discuss the major challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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27
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Lin CC, Yao CY, Hsu YC, Hou HA, Yuan CT, Li YH, Kao CJ, Chuang PH, Chiu YC, Chen Y, Chou WC, Tien HF. Knock-out of Hopx disrupts stemness and quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Oncogene 2020; 39:5112-5123. [PMID: 32533098 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HOPX is a stem cell marker in hair follicles and intestines. It was shown critical for primitive hematopoiesis. We previously showed an association between higher HOPX expression and clinical characteristics related to stemness and quiescence of leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. To further explore its physiologic functions in hematopoietic system, we generated a mouse model with hematopoietic cell-specific knockout of Hopx (Hopx-/-). In young Hopx-/- mice, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) showed decreased reconstitution ability after serial transplantation. Further transcriptomic study revealed decreased HSC signatures in long-term HSCs from the Hopx-/- mice. At 18 months of age, half of the Hopx-/- mice developed cytopenia and splenomegaly. Bone marrow (BM) from the sick mice showed myeloid hyperplasia with predominant mature neutrophils, and decreased progenitor cells and lymphocytes. These phenotypes suggested critical functions of Hopx in maintaining HSC quiescence. Transcriptomic study of the Hopx-/- marrow cells showed significant downregulation of the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 axis, which is critical for maintenance of HSC quiescence. We next examined the role of Hopx in AML by using the MN1 overexpression murine leukemia model. Mice transplanted with MN1-overexpressed Hopx-/- BM cells developed AML with more aggressive phenotypes compared with those transplanted with MN1-overexpressed Hopx-wild cells. Hopx-/- MN1-overexpressed leukemia cells showed higher proliferation rate and downregulation of Cxcl12 and Cxcr4. Furthermore, in human AML, BM plasma CXCL12 levels were lower in patients with lower HOPX expression. In conclusion, our study highlights the roles of Hopx in maintenance of quiescence of the hematopoietic stem cells through CXCL12 pathway in vivo and provides implication of this protein in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chwen Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tsu Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Jun Kao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chuang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Hu L, Ni F, Wang X, Fay ME, Young KM, Lam WA, Sulchek TA, Qu CK. Decreased cell stiffness enhances leukemia development and progression. Leukemia 2020; 34:2493-2497. [PMID: 32094464 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linping Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Katherine M Young
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Todd A Sulchek
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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29
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Putra VDL, Song MJ, McBride-Gagyi S, Chang H, Poole K, Whan R, Dean D, Sansalone V, Knothe Tate ML. Mechanomics Approaches to Understand Cell Behavior in Context of Tissue Neogenesis, During Prenatal Development and Postnatal Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:354. [PMID: 32010686 PMCID: PMC6979483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanomics represents the natural progression of knowledge at the intersection of mechanics and biology with the aim to codify the role of mechanical environment on biological adaptation. Compared to the mapping of the human genome, the challenge of mapping the mechanome remains unsolved. Solving this grand challenge will require both top down and bottom up R&D approaches using experimental and computational tools to visualize and measure adaptation as it occurs. Akin to a mechanical test of a smart material that changes its mechanical properties and local environment under load, stem cells adapt their shape, cytoskeletal architecture, intrinsic mechanical properties, as well as their own niche, through cytoskeletal adaptation as well as up- and down-regulation of structural proteins that modulate their mechanical milieux. Recent advances in live cell imaging allow for unprecedented study and measurements of displacements, shape and volume changes in stem cells, reconfiguring of cytoskeletal machinery (nucleus, cytoskeleton), in response to controlled mechanical forces and stresses applied at cellular boundaries. Coupled with multiphysics computational and virtual power theoretical approaches, these novel experimental approaches enable mechanical testing of stem cells, multicellular templates, and tissues inhabited by stem cells, while the stem cells themselves evolve over time. The novel approach is paving the way to decipher mechanisms of structural and functional adaptation of stem cells in response to controlled mechanical cues. This mini-review outlines integrated approaches and methodologies implemented to date in a series of studies carried out by our consortium. The consortium's body of work is described in context of current roadblocks in the field and innovative, breakthrough solutions and is designed to encourage discourse and cross disciplinary collaboration in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina D. L. Putra
- MechBio Team, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Min Jae Song
- MechBio Team, Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- 3D Bioprinting Core, Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Unit, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah McBride-Gagyi
- MechBio Team, Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hana Chang
- MechBio Team, Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kate Poole
- Cellular Mechanotransduction Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Dean
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vittorio Sansalone
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Melissa L. Knothe Tate
- MechBio Team, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- MechBio Team, Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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30
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Wang H, Zhu N, Ye X, Wang L, Wang B, Shan W, Lai X, Tan Y, Fu S, Xiao H, Huang H. PTPN21-CDS long isoform inhibits the response of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to NK-mediated lysis via the KIR/HLA-I axis. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3298-3312. [PMID: 31898344 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 21 (PTPN21) is a member of the non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase family. We have found that PTPN21 is mutated in relapsed Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PTPN21 consists of three types of isoforms according to the length of the protein encoded. However, the roles of different isoforms in leukemic cells have not been elucidated. In the study, PTPN21 isoform constitution in five ALL cell lines were identified by transcriptome polymerase chain reaction combined with Sanger sequencing, and the relationship between PTPN21 isoforms and sensitivity to natural killer (NK) cells mediated killing in ALL cell lines were further assessed by knock-out of different isoforms of PTPN21 using CRISPR-Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we explored the functional mechanisms through RNA sequencing and confirmatory testing. The results showed that there was no significant change when all PTPN21 isoforms were knocked out in ALL cells, but the sensitivity of NALM6 cells with PTPN21-CDSlong knock-out (NALM6-PTPN21lk ) to NK-mediated killing was significantly increased. Whole transcriptome sequencing and further validation testing showed that human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules were significantly decreased, accompanied by a significantly downregulated expression of antigen presenting-related chaperones in NALM6-PTPN21lk cells. Our results uncovered a previously unknown mechanism that PTPN21-CDSlong and CDSshort isoforms may play opposite roles in NK-mediated killing in ALL cells, and showed that the endogenous PTPN21-CDSlong isoform inhibited ALL cells to NK cell-mediated lysis by regulating the KIR-HLA-I axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohang Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Putra VDL, Jalilian I, Campbell M, Poole K, Whan R, Tomasetig F, Tate MLK. Mapping the Mechanome-A Protocol for Simultaneous Live Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Cell Mechanoadaptation and Ingression. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3439. [PMID: 33654934 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanomics, the mechanics equivalent of genomics, is a burgeoning field studying mechanical modulation of stem cell behavior and lineage commitment. Analogous to mechanical testing of a living material as it adapts and evolves, mapping of the mechanome necessitates the development of new protocols to assess changes in structure and function in live stem cells as they adapt and differentiate. Previous techniques have relied on imaging of cellular structures in fixed cells and/or live cell imaging of single cells with separate studies of changes in mechanical and biological properties. Here we present two complementary protocols to study mechanobiology and mechanoadaptation of live stem cells in adherent and motile contexts. First, we developed and tested live imaging protocols for simultaneous visualization and tracking of actin and tubulin mechanoadaptation as well as shape and volume of cells and their nuclei in adherent model embryonic murine mesenchymal stem cells (C3H/10T1/2) and in a neuroblastoma cell line. Then we applied the protocol to enable quantitative study of primary human mesenchymal stem cells in a motile state, e.g., ingression in a three-dimensional, in vitro cell culture model. Together, these protocols enable study of emergent structural mechanoadaptation of the cell's own cytoskeletal machinery while tracking lineage commitment using phenotypic (quantitative morphology measures) and genotypic (e.g., reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, rtPCR) methods. These tools are expected to facilitate the mapping of the mechanome and incipient mechanistic understanding of stem cell mechanobiology, from the cellular to the tissue and organ length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina D L Putra
- MechBio Team, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iman Jalilian
- MechBio Team, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Madeline Campbell
- MechBio Team, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Poole
- Cellular Mechanotransduction Group, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Florence Tomasetig
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa L Knothe Tate
- MechBio Team, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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PTPN21 Overexpression Promotes Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells but Inhibits the Immunosuppressive Function. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4686132. [PMID: 31885609 PMCID: PMC6907062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4686132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) act as key regulators in various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Our previous research demonstrated that non-receptor-typed PTP21 (PTPN21), a member of the PTP family, played a critical role in the proliferation, cell cycle, and chemosensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. However, the role of PTPN21 in the bone marrow microenvironment has not yet been elucidated. In the study, we explored the effects of PTPN21 on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) via lentiviral-mediated overexpression and knock-down of PTPN21 in vitro. Overexpressing PTPN21 in BM-MSCs inhibited the proliferation through arresting cell cycle at the G0 phase but rendered them a higher osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. In addition, overexpressing PTPN21 in BM-MSCs increased their senescence levels through upregulation of P21 and P53 and dramatically changed the levels of crosstalk with their typical target cells including immunocytes, tumor cells, and vascular endothelial cells. BM-MSCs overexpressing PTPN21 had an impaired immunosuppressive function and an increased capacity of recruiting tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells in a chemotaxis transwell coculture system. Collectively, our data suggested that PTPN21 acted as a pleiotropic factor in modulating the function of human BM-MSCs.
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Designing Microfluidic Devices to Sort Haematopoietic Stem Cells Based on Their Mechanical Properties. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8540706. [PMID: 31582990 PMCID: PMC6748184 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8540706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Few haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) injected systemically for therapeutic purposes actually reach sites of injury as the vast majority become entrapped within pulmonary capillaries. One promising approach to maintain circulating HSC numbers would be to separate subpopulations with smaller size and/or greater deformability from a heterogeneous population. This study tested whether this could be achieved using label-free microfluidic devices. Methods 2 straight (A-B) and 3 spiral (C-E) devices were fabricated with different dimensions. Cell sorting was performed at different flow rates after which cell diameter and stiffness were determined using micromanipulation. Cells isolated using the most efficient device were tested intravitally for their ability to home to the mouse injured gut. Results Only straight Device B at a high flow rate separated HSCs with different mechanical properties. Side outlets collected mostly deformable cells (nominal rupture stress/σR = 6.81 kPa; coefficient of variation/CV = 0.31) at a throughput of 2.3 × 105 cells/min. All spiral devices at high flow rates separated HSCs with different stiffness and size. Inner outlets collected mostly deformable cells in Devices C (σR = 25.06 kPa; CV = 0.26), D (σR = 22.21 kPa; CV = 0.41), and E (σR = 29.26 kPa; CV = 0.27) at throughputs of 2.3 × 105 cells/min, 1.5 × 105 cells/min, and 1.6 × 105 cells/min, respectively. Since Device C separated cells with higher efficiency and throughput, it was utilized to test the homing ability of separated cells in vivo. Significantly more deformable cells were observed trafficking through the injured gut—interestingly, increased retention was not observed. Conclusion This study applied microfluidics to separate subpopulations from one stem cell type based on their intrinsic mechanical heterogeneity. Fluid dynamics within curved devices most effectively separated HSCs. Such devices may benefit cellular therapy.
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